NHITNG VAN DE CHUNG VE UCH SUDANG
THANH NIEN XUNG PHONG VIET NAM DUOC T 6 C H U C V A H O A T DONG
THEO TU TUONG H 6 CHI MINH
N G U Y E N VAN BE*
T
hanh nien xung phong (tap tiling), la mdt td chuc mdi, II sang tao cua cleh mang Viet Nam, tiie gidi ehua nude nao cd. Vi chua cd tien le nen ta phii vua hpc, vira llm, -viia nit kinh ngMem de ty holn chinh md hinh td chuc v l hoan tiianh nMem vu ljch sir ciia minh. Sudt 58 nam qua, ke tir ngay tiilnh lap 15-7-1950, ban dlu cW cd 225 can bd, dpi vien, ttai qua 2 cupe khang chien giii phdng dan tpc va ban 20 nam xay dung CNXH, lye lugng tiianh nien xung phong da tang len gan 30 van can bp, dpi vien.Luc lugng tiianh men xung phong (tap ttung) ludn phit huy vai ttd xung kich, di diu tiiyc Men mpi nhiem vu kho khan gian khd, hy sinh, cd nhirng cdng Men xult sac, dugc Ding, Nha nude dinh gia cao, va phong tang Huln chuong Ddc lap hang Nhit, Huan chuong Hd Chi Minh va danh hieu Anh hiing Lye lugng vii tt-ang nhan dan Viet Nam. Dd la vinh dy va la niim ty hlo khdng nhiing cua rieng cin bd, dgi vien tiianh nien xung phong m l edn ciia gia dinh hp va ciia nhan din ea nude.
Thanh men xung phong dat dugc tiianh tt'ch va vinh dy ndi tt-en, ttudc bet la do cd sy lanh dao cua
* Nguyen Bi thu Tmng uong Doan, Trudng ban Chi dao Thanh nien xung phong chong My, cim nude Tmng uong
Twyng ddi Thanh niin xung phong tai Nga ba Ddng Ldc, Hd Tinh
Dang, Ciia Chinh phu, sy phdi hgp chat che cua cac ca quan, cac nganh hilu quan va sy cd gang ren luyen cua toin tiie cin bd, dgi vien. Dae biet II tiianh Men xung phong cdn dugc Chii tich Hd CM Minh quan tam, cM dao kjp tiidi, diu dat timg budc ttudng tiianh.
Ke tir ngay tiilnh lap td chirc tiianh nien xung phong (tap ttung) diu tien (15-7-1950) den ngay Bac
TAP CHl UCHSUOANG-SO 10/2008 5
di xa (2-9-1969) II 19 nam, Ngudi da 21 lan den tiiam ndi chuyen, viet tiiu khen, viet bii ve tiianh men xung phong dang bao Nhdn Ddn. Trong ban Di chiic (viet tiiang 5-1968) Ngudi can dan "cae cMen si ttt tudi frong cIc lye lugng vii tt^ang nhan dan vl tiianh men xung phong deu da dugc ren luyen ttong cMen diu vl deu td ra diing cam. E)ang va CMnh phu lo ddi sdng vira lya chgn mdt sd im tii nhat, cho cIc chiu ay di hgc tiiem cae nglnh, cac nghe, de dIo tao tiianh nhimg can bd va cdng nhin cd ky tiiuat gidi, tu tudng tdt, lap ttudng cleh mang viing chac. Dd la dgi quan chu luc ttong cdng cupe xay dung tiiang lgi cua ehu nghia xa hpi d nude ta"'.
Npi dung cIc bai viet, cIc bai ndi chuyen ve thanh nien xung phong phan Inh rat rd tti tudng cua Hd Chi Minh ddi vdi td chirc vl boat ddng ciia Thanh Men xung phong. Ngucri de cap nMeu van de nhu vai ttd Hch sii va nhiem vu quan ttpng, to ldn nang ne ciia Thanh men xung phong; ve cdng tac giao due chinh tti tti tudng, dao dire each mang cho tiianh men xung phong; ve tieu chuln tuyen chpn can bd, ddi vien tiianh nien xung phong; ve phuong phap van dpng, tie phong cdng tic cua can bd, dpi vien tiianh nien xung phong...
Nhirng bai viet, loi ndi eiia Ngudi la co sd ly luan va tiiyc tien, da soi sing cho cac tfie he can bp, dpi vien tiianh Men xung phong phit huy vai ttd ttach nhiem, quyet tam hoan thanh xuat sac nMem vu nang ne, ve vang ma Dang va Chu tich Hd CM Minh da tin cay giao phd.
1. Thanh nien xung phong (tap ttung) II mpt hinh tiiirc td chiic cd chit lupng cao, mpt sang tao cua Viet Nam, rat titich hgp vdi dac diem hang hai xung phong eua ttidi tit. Td chu'c tiianh men xung phong (tap trung) gan lien vdi yeu cau nMem vu khan ttuong cap bach cua cich mang, ttiy muc dieh yeu
cau nMem vy gidng nhau nhung tiidi gian boat ddng, qui md td chirc... lai khlc nhau. Thudng tiu sau kM hoan tiilnh mot nMem vu tiieo nMem ky hoae holn tiianh xong mdt cdng ttinh, ddi Thanh Men xung phong lai gill tiie, kM can tiiiet lai lap ddi mdi, do do cin bd, ddi vien ludn ludn bien ddng. Td chirc Thanh Men xung phong (tap tiung) lai gan lien vdi nMeu nganh sir dung khlc nhau nhu phuc vu nganh GTVT, phuc vu quan ddi, phuc vu lam ngMep...
Sau mdt tfidi gian phuc vy, ddi Thanh Men xung phong cdng tic diu tien phuc vu cac cMen dich Chu tich Hd CM Minh dinh gii cao tinh tiian hang hii, xung phong, sy hy sinh diing cam, lao ddng cMen dlu xuat sac cua nMeu can bd, dpi vien, nhung Ngudi nhan tiiay cdn nMeu khuyet, nhugc diem ve td chirc quan ly, tinh tiian, tu ttidng cua mdt sd cin bd, dpi vien chua dip iing dugc mong mudn yeu clu cua nMem vu each mang. Ngudi chua hai ldng.
Sau tiiang lgi ve vang eiia cIc cMen djch Bien gidi, Trung du... cue dien chien ttmih tiiay ddi, ta chuan bj tich eye cho cMen djch ljch sir Dien Bien Phu. Chil tich Hd CM Minh sing sudt nhan dinh tiiang lgi ciia cudc cMen ti-anh da den gan, cudc cMen dlu cudi cung se rat gay go, ae liet. Nguoi chu ttuong phai cd td chirc Thanh Men xung phong mdi, cd chat lugng cao hon tiii mdi du siic phuc vu cMln djch va chuan bi mdt ddi ngu can bd, tiianh men da qua ren luyen, dii tin cay de dim duong nMem vu sau khi khang cMen tiiang lgi. Trong mdt bii bio ky but danh CB, Chu tjch Hd CM Minh vilt: "Khlng cMln cIng tien tdi, cdng viec ngay cIng nMly chiing ta can cung cd va phit ttien Ddi tiianh men xung phong de dim bao tiiem cdng viec khang cMin va dIo tao can bd sau nly"^. Ngudi giao cho dong cM Vii Ky dung ra tiilnh lap mpt dpi tiianh nien xung phong.
Theo Ngudi,"... NMem vu ciia Ddi tiianh Men xung
NHUNG VAN DE CHUNG VE LICH SU DANG
phong la xung phong mgi viec bit ky viee khd dl va phuc vu den khlng chien tiilnh cdng. Dd la nMem vu rat ve vang ciia tiianh nien"^
Ve dieu kien vao dpi, tit ca nhimg nam tiianh men khde manh, tiilnh phan ly lich tdt, tii nguyen ty giac phuc vu den ngay khang cMen tiilnh cdng va phai cdng nhan ndi quy ciia Dpi; phai dugc Doan Thanh men xet de ngM mdi dugc cdng nhan vio ddi.
Dpi Thanh Men xung phong can giao due cho tiianh men tinh titan quyet tam xung phong mpi viec, ren luyen tiianh tiianh Men guong mau, nhirng cMen si till dua de ttd tiianh nhimg can bd tdt sau nay cho Dang vl Chinh phu.
Ngay 26-3-1953, Dpi Thanh Men xung phong (tap ttung) mdi duge tiilnh lap, dugc dat ten la Doin Thanh Men xung phong Trung uong, ky hieu XP, gdm 261 can bp, dpi vien. Doan Thanh nien xung phong Tmng uang dugc xay dyng va boat dpng diing nhu Ngudi mong mudn. Bac rat vui, viet bii nhan de: "Doin tiianh nien xung phong", md diu bii bao Bac viet: "Nhd sy lya chpn can titan va giao due ehu dIo, lai dugc Dang san sdc cho nen Doan Thanh nien xung phong hiy mdi xly dyng nhung da c6 tiianh tich kha"^.
Ngudi ehu ttuong lay Doan tiianh men xung phong Tmng uong lam mau. Nguoi giao ttich nMem cho ddng cM Nguyen Van Tran (uy vien eung cap ciia mat ttan Dien Bien Phii), chu tti cupe hpp giUa Doan Thanh men xung phong Trung uong. Dpi tiianh nien xung phong cdng tac Trung uong vl mdt don vi cua Nha Giao tiidng de tiidng nhat mpt td chire Thanh men xung phong tiidng nhit de xly dyng td chuc. Tien hanh lya chgn mpt sd can bp, dpi vien ciia cae td chuc Thanh nien xung phong khac du tieu chuln sap nhap vao Doan Thanh men xung phong Tmng uong, do ddng cM Vii Ky lam doan
tiudng, cdn lai hoac chuyen nganh sang lam can bd cdng nhan ciia Nha giao tiidng, hoac giai ngii ve dja phuang coi nhu da hoan thanh nMem vu.
Doan Thanh men xung phong Trung uong phat tiien len den 1 van can bg, dpi vien, da cMen dau diing elm, khdng quIn gian khd, hy sinh de phuc vu cMen djeh ljch su Dien Bien Phii, dugc Chu tich Hd CM Minh va Dai ttrdng Vd Nguyen Giap khen ngpi.
2. Thanh nien xung phong Id mUi nhon xung kich trong phong trdo cdch mgng ciia thanh nien
Hd CM Minh da khang djnh vai ttd, nMem vu ljch sii bet siic quan ttpng cua Thanh men xung phong vl mdi quan he giira td chiic Thanh men xung phong vdi Doin Thanh men ciiu qude vl mat tt-an rdng rai ciia phong ttao tiianh men Viet Nam.
Trong bai viet "Ddi tiianh men xung phong" dang ti^en bio Nhdn Ddn, sd 147, tir ngiy 11 den 15-11- 1953), Ngudi viet: "d nude ta til Cach mang tiling Tam tiilnh cdng den nay, tiianh nien da tich cue ttiam gia mpi mat cdng tie, til tang gia san xuat d hau phuang den xung phong cMen dau d ngoai mat tt:an.
Ngoai hai td chuc la Thanh men cim qude vl Doan tiianh men Viet Nam, ta lai cd dpi tiianh Men xung phong. Cac dpi da cd nhirng tiianh tich ve phuc vu cMen dich vl cdng tic cau ducmg".
CIch mang nude la cd ttiem mpt hinh tiiiic td chiic mdi, gdm nhirng tiianh men hang hai xung phong, II mQi nhpn xung kich dim duong mpi nMem vu khd khan gian khd. Vdi phong ttao titi dua thuc hien khau Meu "Dau can Thanh men xung phong cd, dau khd cd Thanh men xung phong", phong ttao cleh mang cua tiianh men Viet Nam dugc tiep fliem siic sdng mdi.
Trong hai cupe khang cMen than tiilnh giii phdng dan tpc ciing nhu ttong tiidi ky hda binh xly dyng dat nude va bao ve Td qude, td chirc vl luc lugng Thanh nien xung phong ludn ddng vai tia II miii nhgn xung kich
TAP CHl UCH S U D A N G - S O 10/2008 7
cua phong ttao tiianh men Trong phong ttao "Ba san sang" d mien Bac vl phong ttao 'TSlam xung phong" d rmen Nam tiidi ky khang cMen phong My, ta cd tiiem nhung hinh tiiirc td chuc tiianh men xung phong mdi, da tiiu hut 16 van tiianh men xung phong mien Bac, 3 van tiianh men xung phong giai phdng mien Nam, lam cho phong tiao cleh mang ciia tiianh men ca nude sdi dpng hon.
Siic cudn hut tiianh men cua ngpn cd tiianh men xung phong tiiat manh me. Ciing vdi td chiic Thanh men xung phong (tap ttung), ngay ttong tiicri ky khang cMen chdng Phap, nMeu dja phuong xuat phat til yeu cau each mang va nguyen vgng tiiiet ttia chinh dang cua quan chiing tiianh men da ty tiianh lap cac ddi Thanh men xung phong cap huyen, cap ca sd de phit huy vai tto xung kich cua tiianh men gill quyet nhiing van de cap bach eiia dja phuong minh. Thong ttao Thanh men xung phong tinh nguyen vugt mire ke hoach 5 nam lin tiiir nhif, "Phong ttao Thanh men tinh nguyen tiling Tam Thii do" huy dpng hIng van tiianh men, sinh vien, hgc sinh cae khu phd ciia Thu do HI Ndi tiiam gia xly dung kinh te, phat ttien van hda mien nui. Dac biet ttong nhimg nam gan day, "Phong ti:ao tinh nguyen" cua tiianh men ca nude dugc diy len sdi ndi, tiiu hut hIng ttieu nam nu tiianh men ttong ca nude xung phong, tinh nguyen dam nhan bit cii nMem vu gi vdi tiidi gjan til mpt vii ngay den vai tiiang...
Tat ca nhihig boat dpng sdi ndi titiet tiiyc dd bat ngudn hr tinh tiian vl siic hiit cua ngpn cd tiianh men xung phong, do la sy phat ttien sang tao, II siic sdng mdi cua tir tirdng Hd CM Minh ve tiianh men.
3. Thanh nien xung phong Id mgi tru&ng hgc l&n vdtot
Di ddi vdi viec phit huy vai tid xung kich cleh mang cua tiianh men xung phong, Hd Chi Minh hit sire quan tim den cdng tie gilo due chinh tii, tir
tirdng cho can bd, ddi vien. Gilo dye cd nMeu Men phap, nMeu each, nhung Ngudi coi tigng nhat la giao dye tiidng qua tiiyc te diu tianh each mang.
Sau kM Dgi Thanh men xung phong diu tien tiianh lap va boat ddng dugc 8 tiiang, frong mdt dip di kiem tia cdng tac tai tinh Bac Can, Ngudi ghe tiiam lien phan dpi Thanh men xung phong 312, dang llm nMem vy tai eau Na Cu, xa Cim Giang, huyen Bach Thdng, tinh Bac Can. Tai day sau kM ndi chuyen, tiiam hdi sue khde vl ddi sdng, cdng viec hpc tap cua can bd, ddi vien, Ngudi da tang Thanh men xung phong 4 cau tiia:
"Khong CO viec gikho Chi sg long khong ben Ddo mil vd ldp bien Quyet chi dt ldm nin"
Ndi dung 4 cau tfio cua Chii tjch Hd CM Minh vira II phuang hudng phan diu, hpc tap vuon len ciia ttidi fre, vua II ren luyen tinh tiiin, y cM quyit tam vugt mgi khd khan gian khd de holn tiilnh xuat sac nMem vu, khdng cM ddi vdi Thanh men xung phong ml cdn la phuang cham phin diu ren luyen cua cac tiie he tiianh Men ea nude.
De giao due, ren luyen Thanh men xung phong ttd tiilnh ngudi can bd tdt cho each mang, ngay 26-4-
1954, Bae da vilt bii "Nining trudng hoc l&n vd tdf, dang bio Nhdn Ddn, khlng djnh ddi tiianh Men xung phong Cling II ttudng hgc ldn vl tdt Md diu, Bac viet: "DI khlng cMen tiling lgi, kiln qude tiianh cdng, ta can mdt sd can bd tiiat nMlu vl tiiat tdt toan tam toin lye phung sy Td qude, phung su nhan dan"l Ngudi neu ro, dugc vio Ddi Thanh Men, dugc ren luyen tinh tiiin: quyit tam,^gan da, khdng sg khd, khdng sg khd; duge tinh td chile, tinh ky luat; dugc phe binh tu phe binh nen phit huy dugc mat tdt, gat bd mat xau, tir tirdng, lap ttudng tiiem vimg vIng.
NHUNG VAN DE CHUNG VE LICH SU DANG
Cudi cimg Bac ket luan: "NhOng tru&ng ly, vica hudn luyen viea thie thdch cdn bg. Neu ai khong chiu noi thie Ihdch tru&c su kiem tra nghiem khdc vd cong bang cda qudn chiing, Ihi ngudi ay chi cd the lie trdch minh. Neu ihdng lgi trong cuoc thit thdch, thi chac chdn se thdnh ngudi edn bg tot edn cho khdng chien thdng lgi, kien quoc thdnh cong".
Tham nhuan va tiiye Men ngMem tiic ldi day ciia Ngudi, hang van cin bd, ddi vien tiianh men xung phong cIc tiidi ky, frong tiidi gian lam nghia vu da tich cue cdng tac, hgc tap, ren luyen chuan bj cho minh hanh ttang cin titiet de kM xult ngii, tiep tiic phat huy ttuyen tiidng qui bau cua tiianh men xung phong ti'en mgi Imh vyc ddi sdng xa hpi.
CM tinh frong sd 7 van tiianh men xung phong chdng My, ciiu nude cua nhiem ky I (1965 -1968), lue mdi di tiinh do van boa tiiap, sd mil chir cMem ti le 50% titi den kM hoan tiianh nMem vu, da cM edn 2%; tdt ngMep cip n tir 40% len 60%, tdt ngMep ldp 7 tir 5% len 38%. Ti le ding vien nang tir 3,1% len 14%, doan vien tir 53,3% len 90%.
Sau kM het ngMa vu 3 nam, cin bp, dpi vien tiianh men xung phong chuyen nglnh sang quan dpi 14.933 ngudi; chuyen di hpc cIc ttudng 11.536 ngudi, ttong do 650 ngudi hpc d nude ngoli; chuyen lam cin bd, cdng nhan cIc co quan, xi ngMep 8.571 ngudi; chuyin va nglnh GTVT 4.724 ngudi. Sd cdn lai frd ve dja phuong'.
Tir nhimg ket qua ban diu dd, mdt sd cin bd, dpi vien Thanh nien xung phong da tiep tuc bpc tap ren luyen minh frd tiilnh can bp chinh tii, nha khoa hgc kl tiiuat, can bd quan ly kinh te... da vl dang dugc Dang, Nhi nude, nhin din tin nMem giao cho nhiing ttgng ttich ldn frong cac ca quan Dang, Nha nude, cac nganh Tmng uang va dia phuong frong ea nude.
4. Cim tich Ho Chi Minh khong chi coi Irgng nhihig vdn de l&n, cd tdm chien luge, md con quan tdm den cd nhdng vdn de nho nhung co tdc dung gido due, dgng vien rat l&n. Ddi vdi can bp, dpi vien tiianh men xung phong, nhat la cIc ehau gai, Nguoi ludn tiie Men sy yeu tiiuong, cham sdc chu dao vdi tim long nhu ngudi cha, ngudi dng. Dpi Thanh men xung phong cdng tie Trung uang dlu tien cd ca ttai va gai. Sau lln gap Lien dpi Thanh nien xung phong 312 d clu Na Cii, Ngudi rlt tiiuong cac chau gai phai xdng pha noi bom dan, dim mua giai nang lan ldn tten mpi neo dudng, nen khi tiilnh lap Doan Thanh nien xung phong Tmng uong, chuan bj cho chien djch Dien Bien Phu, Ngudi chu tiuong chi tuyen dung cac chau tt-ai. Den khi chdng chien tranh phi hoai cua de quoc My tten mien Bae, cin hIng chuc van thanh nien xung phong, lue bay gid hlu bet nam tiianh nien phai uu tien eho quan dpi cho nen phii ttiyen cl nii tiianh nien, Ngudi din do, suy nghi rat nhieu. Ngay sau khi cd chu ttuong ttiyen Thanh men xung phong (vao ngay 21-6-1965), ngiy 12-7-1965 Ngucri da gpi Ban Bi tiiu Tmng uong Doan len gap. Tdi luc dd la Bi tiiu Trung uang Doan, kiem Trudng Ban chi dao Thanh nien xung phong chdng My, cim nude Tmng uong, vinh dy duge len gap, ttue hep bio cIc va nghe ldi Ngudi can dan. Sau khi hdi tiiam cdng viec chuan bj tiianh lap cac Dpi Thanh nien xung phong tiiam gia dgt diu II 5 van ciia 12 tinh thanh, Ngudi hdi nhieu ve nhirng van de lien quan den cIc chau gai nhu: frong tiianh nien xung phong cd mdt nira la gai, cac ebu quIn ly giao due tiie nIo de dim bao quan he llnh manh? Che do, chinh sach frang d p eho cae chiu gai cd gi khac cIc chiu frai? Ngudi cdn dan: cIc chu phai giao due mdi quan he lanh manh cho cac chau frai nhung cung phii giao due
TAP CHi UCH S U D A N G - S O 10/2008
ldng Ur frgng, biet giu minh cho cIc ehiu gii, kien quyet diu franh vdi cIc quan he khdng llnh manh.
Ngudi cdn nhae nhd rang: cdng viec dam bio giao tiidng, chien dau vdi bom dan giac II bet sire nang ne, vat va, khdng nen phan cdng cIc chiu gai nhiing cdng viec qua nang ne hoae phii ngam minh dudi nude sau se Inh hudng den sire khde vl hanh phuc, ttrong lai ciia cac chau.
Dung nbu nMeu dieu ml Ngudi ban khoan, lo ling, cac don vj, dja phuang phan anh ve cdn cd titieu sdt tiong che do chinh sleh cdn khuyet diem tiong sy chuan bj nhu: cac chau gai khdng nhan lo tian fliu 3 Id nhu con ttai, klidng ddng y de blc si nam kham benh cho con gii, de ngM phai dugc phit them cho con gai xl phdng, vii man, xd chau.. ve sinh phu nil.
Tat ea chiing tdi da nit ra dugc bai hgc phai di slu di sit dac diem yeu cau titiet tiiyc, chinh ding eiia quan chung. Ngudi ban dii tiam cdng ngan viec ml van quan tam den nhirng viec eu tiie nhu vay khien chiing tdi rat an han va xlu hd nen phii quyet tam sira chira khuyet diem.
Hd CM Minh cdn la tim guong sing ve phuong phap dpng vien giao due quIn chung rat te nM, tiiiet tiiuc ml hieu qui. Sau ngay giai phdng Thu dd, ttong cdng tac van dpng tiianh Men viing mdi giai phdng tiiam gia lao dpng nhu dpn dep ve sinh, nao vet ven hd, xay sua cdng vien, sira chiia cau dudng... ed nMeu tiianh Men cdn anh hudng eiia tti ttidng cbl dp eii, coi khinh lao ddng, xlu hd kM phai di lam lao ddng chan tay nen lay giay bd cudc xeng, bd chdi lai, llm xong viit dung cu di. Trong kM do, mdt so tiianh men tiiam gia Dpi Thanh Men xung phong Thu dd di khdi phuc dudng sat lai cd tiianh tich xuit sic. Nhin dd, Ngudi da viet bii "Dpi Thanh men xung phong Thu do", dang tien bao Nhdn ddn, khen ngpi va ddng vien tiianh men Thu dd. Ngudi vilt: "Ngudi ta
tiiudng cho rang tiianh men d cIc tiilnh tiii, nhat II d Ha Ndi cM ham tt-au ebuot, tiiich choi bdi, it boat dpng. Cd mdt it tiianh Men nhu tiie tiiat. Nhung kM dugc td chile, gilo due vl lanh dao till tiianh Men rat hIng hii boat ddng"l Sau kM diem lai boat ddng cua tiianh men Thu dd ttong Cach mang tiiang Tam, frong khlng cMen bao ve Thu dd, Ngudi ket luan:
"Ngiy nay, Ddi Thanh men xung phong Thu do II mdt tap tiie lao ddng guong mau fren cdng tiudng dudng sat Vinh Pbiic ttong dgt titi dua vira qua (8-4 den 23-4-1955), hg da tiiu dugc nhieu tiianh tich...
Hg cdn giiip ddng bio dja phuang ganh nude tirdi mgng, lam ve sinh vl nhiing cdng viec khlc. The II Ddi Thanh men xung phong da dua lai vinh dy cho thanh Men Thu do".
Sau kM cd bii bio cua Ngudi, cac ting ldp tiianh Men Thu dd ttao tay nhau dgc vl rat tii hlo phan khdi, til nguyen xung phong, hang bii tiiam gia lao ddng, lam dudng Thanh Nien, xay dyng hd Bay Mlu, cdng vien Thdng Nhat (Bin tiiln tdi, kM do la Phd Bi tiiu Thinh doan Thanh Men HI Ndi cung nMeu can bd khlc duge hgc d Ngudi vl tiiim titia bai hgc ve each ddng vien, gilo due tiianh Men).
Nam 1963, frong ke hoach 5 nam. Ding vl Chinh phu quyet djnh khIn ttuong xay dyng lai ttiyin dudng sat Thanh Hda - Nghe An. Vi nMem vu quan tipng, khIn ttuong, cap bleb nen Dang, Chinh phu va Chu tich Hd CM Minh giao cbo Tmng uong Doin Thanh men lao ddng dam nhan cdng ttinh mang ten "Cdng tiinh dudng sit tiianh Men". Thanh Men xung phong bai tinh Thanh Hda va Nghe An II lye lugng dam nhan nMem vy. De ddng vien tiianh Men xung phong bai tinh hang hii titi dua hoan tiilnh nMem vu dung tiidi ban, Chu tich Hd CM Minh da vilt tiiu giii d c chiu doin vien tiianh nien d cdng tiudng, tiong tiiu ed doan viet: "CIc chiu da xung phong tinh nguyen llm
NHUNG VAN DE CHUNG VE LICH SU DANG
viec do, tiie la d c chau lam dung khiu Meu "E)au Dang can, tiianh men cd; viec gi khd cd tiianh men"'".
Sau kM khen nggi tiianh men, Ngudi dan dd d c chiu nbilng dieu can titiet va tang la cd tiu dua ciia Bac lam giai tiiudng luin luu (cir 3 tiiang lan dua tiieo tieu chuln tiii dua cham diem, neu tiianh men tinh nIo tiiang, se dugc gM ten len la cd; kM hoan tiianh cdng ttinh, tiianh men tinh nao dugc gM ten nhieu tiu tiianh men tinh dd tiiang, dugc nhan cd titi dua cua Bac).
Cudc titi dua ciia hai tinh sdi ndi, lien tiic dem den ket qua II cdng ttinh hoan tiilnh ttudc tiidi ban vdi tiianh tich nang suit cao, chat lugng tdt.
Dau nam 1969, cupe cMen ttanh pha hoai mien Bac vd ciing ac liet, giac My xlm luge tap tiung danh pha vao d c ttpng diem frong dd cd d u Cam tiiudc tinh Nghe An. Cau Cim nam fren tuyen dudng
1 A, giiia dnh ddng frong ttii noi tiep giap dudng bp, dudng sat vl dudng tiiuy.
Vio tiidi diem niy, siic khde eiia Ngudi da yeu, sau kM dpc bio, nghe dii, biet dugc cd Dpi Thanh men xung phong sd 333 tiiudc tinh Nghe An, phan ddng la d c chau gii, dang lam nMem vu tai Cau Cam, da cMen dau hy sinh vd ciing diing dm, bam chac ttpng diem frong mpt tiidi gian dai. Ngay 27-1-
1969, Bac viet thu giri cho Dpi: "Sudt 4 nam nay, dpi tiianh men xung phong sd 333 nhan nMem vu lam dudng, sira cau d mpt noi djch tiiudng dinh pha ac liet, cd nMeu khd khan gian khd.
E)pi gdm phan ldn II d e chiu gai, da diing d m cMen diu, tt'ch eye lao dpng, cd nMeu sang kien cai tien kl tiiual, dam bao d u dudng dugc ttidng sudt ludn...
Bac rat vui long khen nggi d c chau.
Blc ciing khen ngpi tit d d c chau tiianh men xung phong dang hang hai tiii dua cdng tac d d c noi khac ben dit nude ta. Bac ciing gan ldi khen nggi vl
d m on ddng bao vl d n bd dja phuang da tiiuong yeu, giup ddcic chiu...
Bac mong d c chiu manh khde vl vui ve lap nhieu tiianh tich mdi"".
That khdng ngd, dly la la tiiu vl ldi can dan cudi eung cua Chu tich Hd CM Minh ddi vdi tiianh men xung phong.
Ddi vdi td chiic Thanh men xung phong (tap tiung), tiiy tiidi gian ljch sir khdng dai, nhung da nhan dugc sy qua tam diu dlt dac biet cua Chu tich Hd CM Minh. Nhiing Icri day bao an cin cua Ngudi ve td chuc va boat dpng ciia tiianh men xung phong la di san qui blu ml Ngudi da de lai cho cac tiie he tiianh men Viet Nam.
Viec ngMen cuu tir ttrdng Hd CM Minh hpc tap vl lam tiieo tam guong sang ciia Ngudi, van dung sing tao vao cdng viec bang ngay II tiiudc do tinh tiian deh mang, ve su phan dlu, ren luyen cua mgi d n bd, dang vien cua doan vien, tiianh men d tat d mgi dp, mpi nganh til tiung uong den ca sd. Chung ta quyet tam di tiieo con dudng Hd CM Minh da chpn, xly dung nude Viet Nam tiianh mdt nude dpc lap, hda binh din gjau, nude manh xa hpi cdng bang, dan chu, van minh tilng budc tien len xa hpi chu ngMa.
\.HPChiMinhTodnt^,CTQG,li2m,T.\2,tr.5M 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9. Sdd, T.7, fr 162, 162, 270, 270, 552,552-553
4. Bao Nhdn Ddn, so 192, tii ngay 7-9, thang 6-1954 7. Trich bdo cdo so 239HC ngdy 26-3-1970 ciia Thil tuang Chinh phii giri Uy ban thuang vu QuPc hpi de nghi ldng Hudn chuong Dpc lap Hgng Nhdt cho luc lugng TNXP chPng My cuu nuac nhiem ky I
10 HP Chi Minh Todn lap, CTQG, H, 2000, Tl 1, tr.57 ll.Sdd,T12,fr.434-435.
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