NIL^N THtrC BU"6C KHAI QU/^T DI Ddi DI Yf tf 2009

KHAI QU/^T DI Ddi DI C H ! VINH Yf tf N A M 2009 NIL^N THtrC BU"6C DAU

T R A N Q D Y T H | N H ' , N G U Y t N N G Q C QVt". N G I ) Y 6 N T A M " '

I . V i i n i l v l d l c h l

Di chi VInh YCn nim D<n mOt doi cit cA A Miu vvc ngAi tilnh tilAn VMl YCn, x l V | n Th«nh, huy«n V(m Ninh, tinh Khinh HoS. Toj d» di llch n'AlSlS" vT bie v* I09°22'823" kinh iltag, (W cao 11^ 9m so v<M mtn: nud'c b i ^ . Difn phfln bd di chf r9ng tr£n lO.OOOm', tuy nhitn trin 2/3 d i ^ llch da bi sii dvng lAm khu nghTa dja h i ^ d|li vH mOt phin phia bic IA khu vyc ngAi dhlh tild tiCn hiin cda tiite.

Di chi dugc V i ^ Khio c6 h^c v& Bto lAng KhAnh Hoi phit hifn. khio sit tiling 1/2006 trong chucmg ti-lnh hop tic diiu ti^ khai qutit v i nghijn cihi khio cd hoc giOa B i o ling Khinh Hoi v i Vifn Khio c i h9C (2006 - 2010). D<n diiu tiB niy, cflng vAi vitc phil hi(n di chi V h h YCn, nhihig nguM khio sit c6n phit hifn m^t s i dia diim khio c i hoc khie cQng trtn bin d i o H6n Oiffl, ti-ong d6 Vbh Y ^ Id di chi khio c i cd ting vin hoi rO ring v i di v^t phong phti lihit

Thing 7 - 8/2008 Bio ting Khinh H o i phii hop v6i Vifn Khio c i hoc khai qu4t lin tinjr nhit di^n tich 50m^ Di ehl c6 dja ting c6n nguyCn ven, ting vin hda diy tiung binh 100cm d u I90 til cit biin min, miu xim den. titing c6 chiia di tich m$ ting, bip, cum g i m v i c i c loai hifn vit di, gim. Di lich phit 15 2 eym ric bip, 10 cum gim v i d i t}p ming, 8 m^ nii htah eiu, eCUlg khi nhiiu xuong d(ng v|t (hirou, nai, l(;n rirng...), xuong eic loii ei, mai rOa, ba ba, vich v i c i c lo^i v6 nhuyin ttli biin Ii tin tich c i a hoat dOng sin bit, dinh c i c i a nguiri c i VTnh Yin. Di v(t g i m 363 d i di, 3 d i ding, 45 vita tiii hoing, 31 d i dit nung, 62 minh tinic, minh tich, ti^n 300 eye d i nguyin lifu v i g i n 13 van minh gim. Kit qui khai quit ghi nhjn VTnh Yin l i mjt di ehi cu tiii - m« ting v l c6n l i ntri phit niin cie nginh nghi Uiu e6ng due ding, lim gim. Cu din VTnh Yin da bu4e v i o tiidi d«i d i n g tiiau c6 nifti dfi khoing 3000 nam BP. NhOng nguiri khai qu}t citag ghi nh}n diy Ii dja diim tit quan tiding vijc nghiin ciiu giai doan tiin - so sii Khinh Hoi (Nguyin Khic Sii, Phan Thanh Toin 2009).

Di ehi nim trong phjm vi xiy dung khu v\ic tii djnh cu VTnh Y i n tiiu^ du i n x i y dung cing biin tiung chuyin quic t i Vin Phong. Do d6, tir tiling 7/2009 din hit tiling 12/2009 B i o ting Khinh Hoi da phii h(ip vdi Vi?n Khio c6 hoc tiin hinh khai qujt nghiin ciiu v i di diri toin b$ di chi v i Iju giO v i bio quin tai Bio ting Khinh Hoi ttudc khi bin giao mil bang eho Ban quin 1# du i n V i n Phong (Anh I).

TS. Vi?n Khio c i hpc CN. Vien Khao co hgc

" CN. Pho Giim doc Bao ting Khinh Hda

T r i n Qu^ Thjnh. Nguyen Nggc Qu^, Nguyfn T^m • Khai qu»l dl dM dl chi VTnh Y*n... 23 2. Tir li$u dja t i n g \k mdi tririftig cd

ZJ.Biat^gdlcht

Dqt khai qu$t ti^n hftnh tr£n toAn bO 2.200m' difn tfch c6n ifi cia di chi (chia thinh 34 h6 khai qu$t vi SO h6 thtoi sit), do v$y diln biJn dja ting d cAc h6 khai quft, didm s ^ c6 dO diy mdng khic nhau. T ^ vfln ho& hlnh thdnh tr£n dit cit biin thuin m)n, diln biin miu sftc khi diu nhtmg c6 s\/ dim nhfit khie nhau.

Dja ting di chi diy nhit A khu v\re trung tim v i kio dii vk phia tiy nam, thuOc cic hd khai quit HI I. H12. H31, H32, H33 v i khu v^c c i c h6 thim sit tii HTS20 din HTS24. E>0 diy ch5 siu nhit khoing 160cm, od diln biin nhu sau:

- Ldp mit diy tfir lOcm - 20cm, dit cit min, toi bd, miu tring xim, trong dil ed mOt s6 minh g6m vyn XU ldp dudi bit I€n. E>iy li ldp cit mdng phd lin toin b^ b i m$t di ehl do tic ddng cua mira, gid... trong thdi giait gin dfly. B i mit khi bing phing, trin mit cd m^t sd ciy cd mpc thtra thdt.

- Ldp van hoi diy 120cm - 140cm, hlnh thinh trin dit cit biin, thuin mjn, dir^c hlnh thinh trong mdt giai do^n cd con ngudi cu trti. Dit cit trong ling vfin hoi miu den khi thuin nhit tii trin xudng dudi, nhung 6 mSi dQ siu khic nhau c6 miu sfic hoi khic bift Cd thi chia lim ba Idp theo miu sfienhusau:

+ Ldp trin diy trung binh 40cm - 60cm, li Idp cit mjn, toi bd, miu den nh^t v i cd miu den xim khi bi mit nude. Trong Idp niy chi^ nhiiu h i ^ vit di, gdm minh, m$t sd minh xuong rfing d^ng vit v i vd nhuyin tbk. M^t sd m$ ting tiiu^ giai do^n lich siJr nfim d phin dudi cua ldp niy. Tuy nhiin chua thiy s\r xuit hi^n o l a c i c cym di tich, di vit nfim t ^ trung vdi mSt d$ cao.

+ Ldp giOa diy trung binh 40cm - 60cm, cOng l i Idp cit min, toi bd nhu Idp trin, nhung dit cd miu den s3m. Trong Idp dit cit den ken diy d$c gdm minh t^o thinh Idp dii gdm v i m$t sd di tfch mQ ting hay cym gdm, d i . . . £>Sy l i Idp cu tn:i chfnh ciia cu din Vlhh Y£n xua.

+ Ldp dirdi diy trung binh 20cm - 30cm, dit cit min, toi bd nhu eic Idp tiin. 0 phia trfin, cho tiip g i ^ Idp vfin hoi gifla, Idp cit c6 miu den nh^t din v i chuyin miu ving khi tiin sit b^ m$t sinh thd, hi^n v$t gdm d i thu dugc khdng nhi^u, chu yiu d chd tiip giip vdi Idp vfin hoi giffa. Theo ching tdi, diy l i ldp thim thiu giOa Idp vfin hoi v i m^t bfing t^ nhiin ban diu eua di chi.

- Sinh thd li ldp cit min, toi bd, thuin nhit, cd miu trfing xim.

Tu li^u dia ting cho thiy di chi VTnh Yin dtrg^ hlnh thinh trong mdt giai do^n cu tni liin tyc.

Di^u niy dugc thi hi^n bdi ting vfin hda dirge thinh tfio khi thuin nhit khdng cd hi^n tugng bi giin dogn. Tinh chit dr ehi l i khu vyc cu tni - m^ ting, trong dd ndi bit Ii tfnh chit eu tni cua di ehi. M0 ting chdn rii ric trong ting vfin hoi nhung nim tip tiung hon d khu vyc tiy nam di chl.

Diln biin dja ting tai eie khu vyc khai quit da thi hi^n khi rd ring c i c khu vyc cu titi v i sinh ho?rt cua eu din VTnh Yen. Qui trinh khai quit cho thiy khu vyc phin bd di tfch chii y i u nfim trong khoing di^n tfch 6.000m^ d trung tim gd eit, kfe dii tir ngdt dinh VTnh Yin v i phia nam v i kdo dii tit chin nai ra d^n hit khu vyc nghTa dja thdn VBih Yin hi^n t^i. Tuy nhiin khu vyc cu trii chd ydu cua cu din cd VTnh Yin l^i khong hoin toin bao trilm lin tit e i phin di^n tfch ttin. Cd thi nhin thiy khu vye sur dyng cu tni v i sinh hoat diy d$e nhit nim d khu vyc giip chin niii, thu^e sudn phia tiy gd cit (cie hd H31 - H34) kio dii nin phia bfic (d cic hd TS42 - TS43) v i bao phii toin bO m^t phfa bfic gd (k&

Khdo ci hpe, li 312012

dii t» TS42 - TS43 sang eic h i khai quit HI I • H12) v i 0*1 d i l thiO <|Ilh phia d t a g gd cit (khu viie cic h i H1 - H6, H28. H29 v i H30). Nhu vjy, khu v\lo cu Irt c i ding hlnh mdng ngva. Tit nhiin cie khu vvc bin trong cQng ed diu tieh cu ti^ nhung md nhft hon.

2.Z Mil Iruitig qua mSu phin tfc/r M o Htphiii hoa

Nhim mue dich tim hiiu diiu kl(n mil nudng, h i ttiuc v(t Vlhh Yin Bong qu* khii, juu Up 11 mSu nim tieh h i khai quSi H12 da dudc ThJ. Nguy&l ThI Ktol Huong phin tich b i o til phin hoa. Kit qui ghi nhin tiiuc vit tiiin tiiio chiim da s i vdi 45%, chd yiu li c i c k)»i c i y diujc hp H i « tfiio (Poaceae), ho Cie (Composime), hp Bdng (Malvaceae), tiip din l i Duong xi chiim 27% vdi chd yiu ii eic d«i diin cia ho Polypodiaccae. Thue vit thin bvi 11% bao gim eic d»i diin c(ll hp D i quyin (Ericaceae), C t phi (Rubiaciae), tiiuc v}! tiiin g i 9% v i lofi cd s i lugng it nhlt li tiltrc v)l hjt trfcl vdi 8%.

Kit qui n«n cho thiy khu nre niy khi tiioing ding vdi chD y i u l i e l y tiiiii thio v i c i y bvi ua khi hiu ndng im nhi(l ddi. H ^ phin cHa c i c lofl c i y g i v i d y h«t n i n tit it l«i chd y i u l i nhihig klii ciy sing d ddi cao, bin dn ddi do vjy mi nhOng h^t phin niy cd tiii dfi dupe gid bay nude dua din dly.

Tuii tiiinh tfo cda n i m tich nim d khoing cuii Holocene tiung - diu Holocene muOa 3. Dl tich

S.l. Cdc log! hinh m$ tdng: cd hai loai md nii vd v i mO huyit d i t

3.1.1. Mp nii vo: 6 mO, phin b i rii ric nong c i c h i HTS27, H11, H15 v i H34. Lofi hhih v i mieng loe. tiiin hlnh ciu phi kin vin chii k? tiiuit, diy ndn, dudng kinh dao dOng nong khoing tft 35cm - 40cm. Vd m$ chdn tiling ddng, tit c i diu khdng cd nip dly. Trong vd chi cd ldp d t den tiiim, thuin nhit, nhu cit trong ting vin hda rthung khdng ed lin hiin v | l , khdng tiiiy din hiiu d k di cit ngudi. D i tiiy ting chi tiiiy d 2 m^: md ki^ hi(u 09.VY J1TS27.M2 bong Idng vd cd d t l m^l bhih g i n kich c» nhd cdn khi nguyin d p g v i md ki^ hiiu 09.VY.HISJ|<1 od d)t mdt mii phing kkih c « ldn di lin tren m i ^ g vd.

3.1.2. Mp huyet ddt: 18 md, tiong dd ed 13 md giai dofn tiin s o sii, diu thudc nhdm md hung ting, chdn d ldp dudi ting van hoi, mdt s i md Bn siu v i o sinh tiii. D i i da s i md phin b i d gdc lly nam gd, mdt s i khic nim rii rie nin di$n rdng tiong ph^m vi phin b i ciia di chi. Nhdm Dly ed hai dang ling thdc Ii chdn nim thing v i chdn ngii co bd gii.

- Md chdn ngii co bd gii: cd s i lugng nhiiu nhit vdi 11 m^. ttong dd 10 m^ n i m l | p nung d hai h i H23 v i H24, noi khi tich bi$l vdi khu cd ting van hda cu ttVl. Thing s i 11 mf n g i i co bd g i i cd 3 md cd tinh tr^ng xuong cit cdn dupe bio quin khi tit, ed tiii quan alt dugc rd ring xutmg so nim cao nhit, duoc d ^ tiieo phuong tiling ddng, xuong chi co lii nong nr tiii ngii co, tit d d c xuong diu nim dung theo nr tiii giii phSu. NhOng md cdn l«i chl cdn lai xmmg so, dutjc d|t tiieo phuong tiling dung, xuong chi d i bi mue nit hit chi cdn Igii nhihig minh dim vyn nim lin nong d t khdng tiii quan sit duoc hlnh dang. Cic md chdn khdng ttieo mdt hudng c i djnh. Mdt s i md cd chdn tiieo d i g i m nij ting, deu duoc i^t nude nguc ngudi chit, d i g i m kich cd Idn chd y i u li vd g i m cd kich c» nrong tu nhOng nii vd gim lira quan tii md vd. DJe bift md ky hi^u 09.VY.H23.M4 cd djt mdt chum g i m nhi lim d i tuy ting. Dang ting thiic niy nam nong ting vin hoi v i cd phin diy an khi siu v i o sinh tiii, dO siu xuit V) it khoing 20cm - 40cm tinh tir Idp m}t (Anh 2).

- Md chdn nim tiling: 2 md d HTS10.MR v i HTS42. Di e i t dupe chdn nam tiling, m p ngiia Ifin ndi, hai tay xudi theo tiiin, diu quay hudng tiy, tinh n ^ g b i o tin di c i t cdn khi tit. C i hai md diu

T r i n Quy Th|nh, Nguyin Ngpc Qu^. NguyJti T i m - Khai qujt dl dfti dl chi VTnh Y i n . . nim bin dudi ldp dii gdm giai ^o?" t>^n ^^ s>^< &^ 1<^ vfin hoi v i sinh thd. Dfc bift mO d HTS10.MR cdn chOn theo 2 bit bdng lim dd t i ^ ting d gifhi thin bin phii v i cich di cdt 20cm (Bdn vi I).

Qua c i c dvng mO ting <ffi xuit Id. cd did thiy d V&ih Yin cd nhilu dong ting tiite khic nhau, tfifm chl l i khic'xa nhau v i truyin didng vfin hda nhu m^ chdn trong ndi vd gdm v i m9 chdn trong huy^ d i t Bin diin ting thAc m9 huy^ dit cOng cd nhiiu kiiu chdn khic nhau l i chdn ngdi co bd gdi v i chdn nim thing. Cic cich thdtc chdn c& niy cho chiing ta diiy sy da dfuig vin hda cCka cu din VTnh Yin xua, hoic ft nhit cOng cho thiy sy da dfng v i cic mdi giao luu, trao ddi vfin hda giOa or din V ^ Yin v i cu din thuQc cic khu vycldiic.

Trong diln tiin v i niin dyi sdm mu^n

^fta c i c nhtoi ting diite. ed thi nhin thiy nbtoi mO chdn nfim thing giai do^n sdm, l i nhdm mang y i u td sdm nhit thi hiin qua vj tri chdn cit nim d gi&a khu vyc trui^ tfim di ehl v i nim bin dudi ldp gdm dufrc diinh t^o do qui trinh cu tnL Mudn hon m$t chdt li nhdm mO chdn ngdi co bd gdi v i md ndi vd. C i hai

1091 m $ n i y diu nfim d ldp dudi ting vfin hda Bdnvi 1:Mdch6nnSmthangkyhi(u09.VY.HTSI0mr.Ml v i cd m ^ phin fin v i o sinh thd. N i u nhdm md

ndi vd did hiin y i u td muQn cda minh d viic d u ^ chdn v i o ting van hda tti) n h ^ md ngdi eo bd gdi lai did hiin d did bfii m$ ^ dupe ^ h khdi khu vyc cu tni v i nhu v ^ nd phin nio phin inh sv biin ddi vd m9t ddi sdng tim linh cOa nhdm cu din l i chii nhin nhOng ngdi m$.

3J. DilgSm

Ldp ed dii gdm nfim liin khoinh v i tip trung nhiiu nhit d c i c hd HI, H2, H3, H4, H5. H6, HI2, H28, H29, H30. Ldp dii gdm cd dd diy tnmg binh ti^ 20cm - 30cm gdm nhOng minh vd ciia eic lo^i dd diing sinh ho^t sir dyng hing n g ^ nhu: ndi, v6, bit, i u . . . nfim ken chat. Cic lo^i hinh hiin vit d i nhu riu bdn, hdn nghiin, hdn ghi, bin mii... cOng tim diiy nhiiu nhit d trong ldp niy. Ngoii ra cdn ttiu dupe khi nhilu minh tin tfch xuong d0ng vit v i vd nhuyin thi. Mac dii dd siu xuit 10 eiSa tCmg khu vyc khdng ddng diu nhung v l tbih chit dil ldp gdm n ^ diu nfim trong Idp vfin hda gifla, nfim rii dieo m^t bfing gd c i t

Til sy phin bd ciia Idp dii gdm cd thi nhin diiy cu din Vlhh Yin sinh ho9t hing n g ^ d hai khu vyc chinh: Khu vvc dift nhit nfim d sudn phfa ddng gd, noi tip tnmg c i c dii gdm xuit 10 trong cic hd H! - H6, H12, H28, H29, H30 v i c i c hd TS9, TSIO, TS25, TS26. B i y cung ti khu vyc ed vit tfch eu trii dim dac nhit. Khu w c tini hai nim d sudn phfa tfiy cQa gd, t^i diy ldp dii gdm khdng diy v i mfte d0 tip trung khdng cao bang ldp dii d khu vye tiiii- nhit.

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4 . D l v $ t

Nhdm hiin v$t diu dupe til dpt khai quit bao gdm c i c nhdm chit Wfyx dd sit, dd ddng, dd di, dd gdm, dd xuong v i nhuyin dil... DinW diy chdng tdi trinh biy cy thi c i c nhdm lopi hlnh hiin v^.

4.i. B6 dd: 1.225 hiin vfi chia diinh c i c nhdm: cAng cv lao dOng. dd trang sih;, phic vit - phi vit, chilm d ^ 80%

tdng sd hiin vit diu dugc t9i di ehl.

4.1.1. Cdng cv ho dpng: Nhdm niy cd sd lucmg nhilu nhit vdi c i c lopi hlnh hiin vit nhu rlu bdn chudi nhpn, riu iDr giic, dye di, hdn n ^ i l n - hdn ghi, bin mii, bin dip vd ciy, minh khudn dCic, cua di, dao cit...

- Riu bdn: 176 chiic, cd die dilm chung li phin dde diu nhd tpo cho m^t ngoii riu bdn cd dpng hlnh thang hoic gin hlnh diang. Trong sd niy, cOng cd mQt sd chile riu hlnh chQ nhit nhung khdng diln hlnh. Chit liiu d i chO ylu li basalte. K^ diuit mii toin diin nhimg khdng xda hit vit ghi dfio. Trong nhdm niy cdn cd I chile riu kfch cd ldn, 1 chile riu hai vai cin v i 2 chile riu chi d u ^ mii nguyin phin ria ludi (Btbi ve2; Anh 3).

- Manh riu bdn: 57 minh, diu l i minh vO c i a riu bdn dfimdtidtr&i.

- Dvc: 7 chile, lopi niy ding hlnh try, diin thanh minh, ludi dupe tpo vit lich v l mdt bin. V l mit chit liiu, da phin lim tfi d i basalte, nhung

ciing thiy m$t vii chile lim tir diquartf.

- Cm: 8 chile, lim ti^

d i eit hat mjn. Hlnh dpng hifn vit dupe tpo dieo phiin mdng, mdt sd chile kfii gidng vdi nhOng con dao cit hiin dpi vdi chudi nhpn, sdng diy v i phin ludi dupe tpo vit mdng v i o e\QA(BdnvS3.h.4}.

- Manh khudn dde: 4

minh vd nhd etia khudn due riu v i mfli tin, lim O^n hai nhdm chit li^u d i cit v i dit nung.

- Manh bdn dpp vd ctfy: 3 minh vd nhd eiia lopi bin dip hinh cha nhit, trin hai mjt ldn cd rinh 10m siu ehpy dpc thin ed tic dyng d l bu^c cin cim, hai mit nhd hon dupe khfa nhilu rSnh ngang l i ^ tilp d l lim mit dip vd ciy.

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Trin Qu^ Th)nh. Nguyin Ngpc Qu^, Nguyin Tim - Khai quit dl dM di chl Vinh Yin... 27

iU CD

- Cdng Of cu^i chi cdvStsu dvng: 282 chile, trong dd tuyft dpi da sd li nhdm hdn ghi - dip - ki, cd ngudn gdc Ii di cu^i ty nhiin cd hlnh trdn dft hlnh try hoic hbdi dioi, chit liiu di granite, basalte hoic di quartz miu xanh den hoic xim trflng.

- Bim mdi: 265 bin mii vi minh bin mil, chia diinh hai nhdm li bin mii phflng - lOm vi bin mii trong, trong dd bin mii phfing lOm chiim tuyit dpi da sd vdi 241 chile. E}$c dilm chung cOa nhdm niy li hiu hit chiing dupe lim tii chit tiiu di eit miu niu xim hoie xim tiing, mQt sd chile dupe lim til topi di phiin (schist) tipt min miu xim xanh hoic di granite miu trfing dye cd dd cCmg cao (Bm vi3, k2).

4.1.2. B6 trang s^

- Manh vdng: IS minh vdng, dpng vdng deo tay, bin rdng, dd diy tdn, to vi did, chit tiiu di xiu.

Vdng cd cic dpng mit cfit ngang hlnh gin tam giic, hlnh gin chft nhit cha D hay chft D kio dii. Ching tdi cQng dm thiy I tiiu bin vdng cd trang tri eic miu vi I tiiu bin vdng ed ren d mat ngoii, phin cdn Ipi cd vinh ngoii hlnh trdn khdng trang tri. Nhu viy vdng cd ba dpng ti vdng vinh ngoii cd miu, vdng vinh ngoii ed ren vi vdng cd vinh ngoii trdn |3anvfi,A./^.

- Khuyin tai: 1 chile duy nhit bj vd ehi cdn

•^, lopi mfit cat ngang hlnh chd D, chit tiiu di ngpc miu xanh.

- H^t chudi: 4 hpt chuSi hbih try, trong dd I chile cd dd mdng dpng cdc io, 3 chiic khic hlnh try dii. Tit ei diu dupe lim t^ chit li^u di bin qu:^, cd dd trong sudt cao, miu trfing dye.

4.1.3. Phdc-ph4vdt - Phdc vdt riu bdn: 41 chile.

- Phdc vgt vdng: 7 chile, vdi hai dang bin diinh phim vi phic v^t did. Dpng bin tfiinh phim li vdng da dupe ehl tic gin nhu hoin dii^n, cdn phic vit did li topi bj vd ngay tCr khi bfit diu tpo khii hay b) v9 khi mdi bfit diu dye lOi.

- Manh tudc: 94 minh, hlu hit ti minh tude cd chit tiiu di basalte, mdt sd ft minh diu$e cie topi ehit tiiu khic. MOt phin khdng nhd ti minh tude dupe tpo ra trong qui trinh ghi Ipi rlu bdn.

Bin canh nhftng hiin vit trin, dpt khai quit cdn thu dupe nhilu lopi hi^t vit di khic nhu: Hi0n vit chit li|u thach anh dupe ehl tpo gidng nhu linga trong vfin hda Chfim (Bdn ve3. h3); thd hoing ed vit mii; bi; viin di cd hlnh khic trang tri...

4.2. Be xiamg vd nhuyin thi

- Dd xuong: 3 chile, gdm 2 cdng ey mui nhpn vi I hpt chuSi xuong ci?.

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r

^j \

\ / I \

. D6 nhuyin thi: 5 chile, trong dd cd 2 chile dpng dao cit v i 3 minh vd dc tai tupng kfch c*

tdn cd dil d i sil dyng lim vdng tay hay khuyin tai nhu d i diiy trong vin hda Xdm Cdn.

4.3. B6g6m i

4.3.1. Nhdm hlfn v^t bing gim ^ , .

(Bdnvi4} 'jr~

- WwS/gdm; 3 chile, cd hlnh dpng 1' . , gidng nhlbig chile mudi hiln dpi nhung kfch cd nhd hon rit nhilu, ehl bfing ngdn tay cii.

Dpng hlnh hiin vit nfy ehua diiy d m^t d|a dilm khio cd tiln so sA nio khic dS dupe khai quit nghiin edu d trong nude. Khi nfing ching cd liin quan din nghi ll dn nguOng tdn giio.

- ydng gim: 19 chile, diu dupe n^n bfing b ^ , hlnh ding v i kfch cd tuong ty nhdm vdng di.

- Khidn due: 2 minh Idiudn dde riu ddng, tuong ty vdi nhdng minh khudn diie riu l ^ g d i cit da dupe md ti d bin.

-77idigi^m.-21 didi.

- Manh gdm ghe trdn: 25 minh. * * • ^ ^ 4.3.2. Nhdm gom manh: G ^

minh ed sd lupng ldn vdi trin 8,5 tin gdm, li minh vd oia cie kipi ndi, bfaih, bit. vd, i u . U t b d i ^ - Gdm V ^ Yin ed hai nhdm thu$e hai giai dopn khi rO.

- Nhdm gdm liin sasw: Nhdm niy chilm vj tri chii dpo, sib tupng tr£n 8,5 tin gdm thu dupe diu thudc nhdm n ^ . Mit dd phin bd trung binh khoing 6kg/l m^ d i t trong dd khu vyc tnmg tfim di chi dpt tdi tl 1130kg/lm^. I^pi hinh dd gdm khi don diiu, chu ylu li c i c lopi dd diing sinh hopt hing ngiy vdi hai nhdm chinh li ndi vd v i b i t hit bdng c i c lopi vdi nhilu kich cflr khie nhau (Ban veS; Anh 4).

Lopi ndi gdm hlnh ciu kich cd tnmg binh xuit hifn nhilu v i gi(t vj b l c h i <tpo so vdi c i c k}pi khic. Thinh phin xuong gdm khi ddng diu, chd ylu l i pha cit v i spn sdi kich cO trung bfaih. Miu sfic ehit liiu gdm cd miu niu dd, dd v i xim, trong dd nhdm chit liiu niu dd giCI vj tri chO dpo. Hoa vfin gdm tuy^t dpi da sd l i vfin kS thuit, gdm vfin chii v i vfin diimg, trong dd vfin chii chilm gin nhu tuy^t ddi vdi trin 98% sd minh cd hoa vfin. Hoa vfin dang tri hiu nhu khdng dupe chO trpng, da sd Ii lopi vfin dupe t^o tir lopi que nhilu ring ddng d l tpo vfin chii ky thuit. Mdt sd ft minh dang d l hoa vin in mip vd sd vdi c i e dpng md tfp khi phdc tpp v i mang tinh m j thuSt cao, tuong ty nhthig minh gdm cimg lopi bfit gip phd biln d ldp cu trii cua di chi H o i Difim.Cd m^t d i e dilm dun luu:? l i nhdm gdm minh xuit hi^n rit dim d§e v i ehi tip chung e h i y l u trong khoing tCi 30cm - 40cm nfim trong ldp vin hda gifta ting vftn hda eua di chl. Nhdm gdm minh d ldp trin cd sd lupng ft hon hfin v i cdn ft hon nfta d ting vfin hda giip sinh thd.

Trin Qu^ Thinh, Nguyin Ngoc Quy. Nguyen TAm - Khai qual di diri di chi Vinh YinD

Anh 3. Rlu dd Anh 4 Mpt s6 36 gom VTnh Yin

- Nhdm gdm giai dogn Uch sw sdm: Nhdm oiy cd sd lupng khdng ding kl, cd mat d Idp trin.

Cliit liiu xuong gdm m ^ xim nhpt ho^c ving nhpt Idp io miu ving ohpt mpt sd minh trang tri vin in d vudng kieu gdm Hin cd niin dpi khoing thi k^ I - II AD.

4.4. Bi Idm lopt 1 minh ddng va mpt sd eye xl sfit tuy chi la nhihig manh nhd nhung nd la bing chung quan trpng ehihig minh cu din VTnh Yin di budc sang giai dopn Kim khi.

5. M$t sd nhin thirc tir kit qui khai quit nfim 2009

Dpt khai quit nim 2009 di khing dinh Ipi y kiin khoa hpe ciia nhihig lin nghien eihi trudc dd ring Vuih Yin Ii mpt di ehi eu tni - mp ting, trong do tfnh chat cu tni li dac diem ndi bit ciia di chl.

Trong eie cym di dch Uin quan din hopt ddng sdng thi ehii ylu ti tilp tCta, cie di tfch kliic cd Is da bi buy hoai do mdi trudng bio tdn khdng tdt M^c dCi viy, chiing tdi van tin ring cu din Vmh Yen xua da biet tim nhung cfin nhi bing cic loai vat l i ^ hihi eo nhu go, tre, niia, Ii... de cd the thich ung vdi cupc sdng ngoii trdi vi vdi thdi tiet ning mua d virng dit niy

Qua nhom di tich m^ ting, cd thi n h ^ thiy ngudi VTnh Yen ed nhiiu dpng ting thdc khac

nhau, chdn trong ndi vd, chdn trong md huy^t dit chdn nfim thing, chdn nim co, chdn trong khu v\rc cu

trii vi chdn ben ngoii khu vyc cu tni. Cach irng xd vdi ngudi chit cho thay s\f da dpng ve mit vin hoa

tam linh eiia cu din VTnh Yen xua, hoac it nhlt ciing cho thay sy da dpng ve cae moi giao luu, trao doi

van hoa giOa cu dan Vmh Yen vi cu dan d cac khu vyc xung quanh. Dang hinh chdn trong vd gdm va

chdn oftm co da dupe xac djnh Ii cd liin quan den tin ngudng M^/khdi ngudn - kilu tin ngudng phd

biln ddi vdi tat ca cic tpc ngudi trin thi gidi d giai dopn so khai eiia lieh su. Nhiiiig ngdi md chdn trong

khu cu trd tbi hien sy buih ding, coi ngudi chit vin Ii m$t thinh viin trong cdng ddng. Nhihig dd tiiy

Khdo ci hoc id 312012

tihg dvng md dil hiin quan niim c6 mOl dti gidi bin kia v i ngtiM chit vht sinh hopt nhu ngudi sdng.

Quan ni|m niy hifn vin diiy rO nhit d tyc chia ciia dong mdt sd din tOc diilu sd hiln nay. Bin epnh dd, viic dm diiy mdt khu vyc mO ting nim bin ngoii khu v\rc c u dli Ivi cho thiy c u din VTnh Yin xua d i bit diu cd sy tich bift gitta hai khu vyc, khu vvc ngudi sdng v i khu vyc ciia ngudi chit. M i c dii cd nhilu dpng dUig thiSre nhung viic dich bpch niin dpi phit triln gifta c i c nhdm mO l i rit khd bdi ting vfin hda d VTnh Yin cd sv phit triln liin tyc. Diu v ^ budc diu cd dil x i c djnh nhihig ngdi mO nim diing chdn bin dudi Idp gdm nfim ken diy trong ting vfin hda d e i c hd HTS IOMR v i hd TS42 diuOc v l nhdm eu din sdm nhit ciia di chi, eic ting thtte khic cd thi mudn hon.

v l hi|n v i t <lic uung ndi bit nhit o i a nhdm hiin vit thu dupe Ipt di chl di chf Vlhh Yin nfim d nhdm hifn vit d i v i gdm.

Nit ndi bit v i cd dil d l ring nhin diiy d dd d i VTnh Yin l i sy phd biln cda nhdm riu hbdi biu dye lim tir d i basalte, cd chudi diudn nhd, ludi xoi, kfch cd trung binh. Rlu diu dupe chl tic khi so sii, ft chii dpng din hlnh thire bin ngoii. Dpi da sd nhfhig chile riu diu dupe diu od diu vit ghi d i e lii chl.

Ngudi ta chl die v i sd dyng Ipi ngay nhOng cdng cy d i hdng, chd y l u lim tpi [rfiin luM.

V l dd trang sih: bfing di, ngoii vii hpt chudi hlnh dng lim tir chit Uiu d i bin quy, m i sy xuit hi|n eda nd mang nhilu y l u td giao luu vfin hda vdi khu vyc khic m i cd, Ihl vdng d i Ii k)pi hbih dd trang sdc duy nhlt dupe tim diiy tpi VTnh Yin. Vdng dupe lim tir d i phiin (schist), tpo triiilo mdng, dupe ghi deo hai mat tpo id rdi mil tpo vdng trong; mit cfit ngang hlnh tam giic diy. N g o i i vdng bing d i cdn cd vdng cdng lopi bfing dit nung.

Lopi d i basalt miu xanh den sd dyng d l chl tpo riu d i v i lopi d i phiin schiste miu xanh xim lim vdng tay dupe khai diie tii ngudn nguyin liiu Ipi eh3 vdn cd nhilu tfu khu vyc ni^. Mit khic vdi m$t sd lupng tuong ddi ldn bin mii v i minh drde eho diiy, cu din d diy cd khi nfing tv d i l tpo cic lopi hlnh cdng cy lao d$ng v i dd trang sdc. Tuy nhiin vifc ehl tic cdng ey v i vit dyng mang linh chik ty cung, tv cip chd khdng ehuyin hda nhu dpng cdng xudng.

Liin quan din ky diu^t chl tie di, vdi sy xuit hiln cda nhOng ditic cua d i tpi di chi, cd dil dily ring cu din VBih Yin d i bilt din v i nfim vffng eie kJ Oiuit ehl tie d i nhu ghi. mii, eua... Tuy nhifc ngoii ky diuit ghi dSo v i mii, cic dpng ky diuit khic khdng miy phit diln nhu c i c khu vyc lin cin.

Tpi VTnh Yin tim diiy mdt sd lupng tdn nhthig viin cudi nguyin dupe sd dyng lim bin dip, hdn ki. Dpng cdng cy niy tim diiy phd biln trong cic di tfch giai dopn tiln s a sd v i n dit nude ta. E)ec bi(t trong nhdm di tich phin bd d ven biln nd ti cdng cy d l khai diic v i chl biln dide fin tii nhdm nhuyfo dil d eic vdng dim phi ven biln, mOt trong nhihig ngudn diiic fin quan dpng ciia c i e n h ^ cu din noi dffy.

(3 cie Idp trin cda di chi VTnh Yin cdn thn diiy mOt topi hlnh hifn vit d i khi d^c b i i t ini chdng tdi tpm gpi Ii nhihig linga dipeh anh. Dpng hiln vit niy dd ehua x i c djnh dupe cdng dyng cy dil nhung phin nio cd nit gin gfli vdi nhOng viin d i dipeh anh v i n dupe nhflng l ^ din diilu sd d Tfiy Nguyin sd dyng, chdng ed ttil liin quan din tin nguOng did cdng ma tiiuit. Mat khie nhflng hiin vjt niy cdn ed dil liin nrdng din dpng hlnh linga - mOt dpng hlnh hiin vjt dupe cu din Champa sau niy thd cdng phd bien.

Dd gdm VTnh Yin cd mit dO phin bd rit cao, topi hlnh don giin, chd y l u li c i c lopi dd dyng vdi nhilu biln dil khic nhau. V l chit li^u chd ylu li gdm miu niu dd. Ky ttiuit lim gdm nan tay li chd ylu. cd kit hpp vdi cic phuong phip khic nhu bin dip hdn ki, din gin, milt ling d l tpo nin dd gdm hoin diiln. V l

Trin Qu^ Th|nh. Nguyin Ngpc Qu^, Nguyin Tim - Khai quit dl dM dl chl Vinh Yin... 31 hoa vfin, dpi da sd ti lopi vfin diii, hoa vfln mang tinh )$ diuit li ehlnh. hilm hoa vfin my thuit kilu khfie vpeh, in in. M$t sd dd gdm, d Idp io ngoii cd Idp io mdng, mjn vi tti m ^ did did hoing biong ty nhu lopi gdm td miu d di chl X ^ Cdn. Hon nfta kit qui phin tich diinh phin khoAng vit vi nhift dd nung m3u gdm bfing [diuong phip Ronghen nhilu xp (trin miy D8-Advance) eda Vlhh Yin so sinh vdi mSu gdm d Binh Ba cho diiy sv diong d ^ ( ^ biit ci vi diinh phin chit trdn vi dd nung cda dd gdm.

d Vlhh Yin cflng thiy mdt sd minh gdm in in mip vd sd phd biln trong mdt sd di tich vdng ven biln miln Trung vi Ddng Nam Bd Viit Nam. Mdt sd minh gdm khie d diy eOng cd hifn tupng td miu den inh ehl nhu dfi thiy phd biln trong dd gdm vfin hda Sa Huynh. d cic Idp trin di chl lie die thiy xuit hi|n mdt sd minh gdm giai dopn Ijeh sd sdm. Sy xuit hiin eda nhflng minh gdm tiln so sd trang tri vfin in 6 vudng theo phong cich Hin tpi tpi VTnh Yin nfim bin cpnh nhflng minh gdm vfin in d vudng cda giai dopn ljch sd sdm, cho diiy di tfch VTiih Yin, d giai dopn mudn dfi cd sy giao luu trao ddi khi mpnh vdi cic khu vyc gin xa.

Tpi di chi VTnh Yin chung tdi di tim diiy mdt tip hpp di did hoing. Cic viin di kich cd nhd, trin nhilu viin ed diu vit mii mdn d nhilu mflt E}iy cd ti li nguyin ti|u ddng tim miu td trin dd gdm.

Hole gii ehdng cdn dupe sd dyng dl bdi vi lin eo dil ngudi trong nhflng djp ll hdi nhu vin thiy d mQt sd did din chiu My ngiy nay.

Nhin ehung ed till nhin dinh dd gdm, dd di d di ehl VTiih Yin mang nhfhig d^c trung chung cda cic di tfch vin hda Xdm Cdn phin bd d vdng ven biln vi cie dio gin bd d Khinh Hda.

v l dd kim lopi, nhfhig minh ddng cdng vdi nhflng minh khudn dde ddng vi xi sit phit hiin td dpt khai quit dS ^ i nhin ngudi VTnh Yin da budc hin vio didi dpi Kim khf. Rlu ddng d diy li topi riu dupe due td khudn hai mang, riu luOi xde cin, mQt bin hpng dupe due hai dudng chl ndi. Lopi riu niy tuong ty nhflng chile riu cdng lopi phd biln trong cic di tieh ddng dpi d khu vye Ddng Nam Bd, Tfiy Nguyin Viit Nam vi d Ddng Bfie Tiiii Lan. Sy xuit hiin ft di eda nhdm riu niy d Vmh Yin, cung nhu cie di ehl ddng dpi khic d Khinh Hda gpi y ring cd mQt con dudng giao hm trao ddi ky diu§t dde riu dieo ven biln, td Ddng Nam Bd din Khinh Hda, cflng nhu Id EWng Nam Bd l&i khu vye Nam Tiy Nguyin.

Vl niin dpi di chi, til diln biln dja ting, dac trung di tieh, di v§t nghien cdu so sinh, ehdng tdi cho ring niin dpi tuong ddi cua di ehi nfim trong khoing bin dudi 2500 BP vi kio dii din khoing 2000BP.

Nhin djnh trin dupe cdng cd bfing hai kit qui phin tich ni&i dpi tuy^t ddi C'* tfieo mlu ehuin 0.95 NBS Ox.

Ac. Std, tilr cic mSu vd sd diu diip d ting vfin hda gitta eda di ehl, dd siu khoing SOcm • 60eni, cho kit qui 2I20±70BPvi2080±70BP.

v l khdng gian phin bd, dja ting di chi, dac trung di tfch vi di v§t ed dil nhgn diiy di chi VTnh Yen mang nhilu ylu td eda vfin hda Xdm Cdn, diudc dpng hlnh di tieh "cdn - biu", phin bd ven cic vjnh biln vi dio gin bd.

Tuy nhiin d VTnh Yen cflng cd mdt sd ylu td hoi khic Xdm Cdn. Ci Vmh Yen, nhdm cdng ey

xuong diu dupe rit ft dong khi dd d Xdm Cdn (djc biit li d di ehi Vfin Td Ddng) dd xuong ed sd lupng

ldn, vdi da sd tim td cie minh xuong dng dpng vit dupe mii tpo mui nhpn thudng hoie mfli nhpn ed

ngpnh, ed the sd dyng lim mfli lao hoic lim cdng cy dan, vi ludi nhu cu dan cie ling chii ven biln

hi^n vin su dyng. d VTnh Yin khdng tiiiy xuit hiin dd trang sdc bfing vd nhuyin dil nhu dfi diay d

Xdm cdn mac dd xuit hi^n rit nhilu minh vd de tai topng dang nguyin li$u cd kich cd Idn. Nlu d VTnh

Yin da tim thiy nhilu dpng ting thdc khic nhau td md vd din mO huy^t dit hung ting dil d Xdm Cdn

Khdp ei hpc, ll 3I20I2

mdi chl thiy duy nhit dgng md vd nin dl llch Binh Bi. V i m)t tlltn d«l, Irong khi Xdm dn cd niin d^

nim nong khoing 3S0OBP - 3000 BP thi d dl chl Vtih Y t a l«i thip hon nhiiu, chl n i m trong khoing 2500 BP-2000 BP,

Cd thi VTnh Y i n nim 6 giii doin c u i i c d i V i n hda Xdm C i n nhimg vdi khoing nita dii qui xa nhu v9y thi vin d i vj n i cda dl chl VTnh Y i n nong vin hda Xdm C i n nhu t h i n i o c i n phii tiip tuc nghiin cdu.

TAI LI$U DAN

B O A N K H A O S A T VlgN K H A O C 6 H O C V A B A O T A N O K H A N H H 6 A 2006. Biociakitiptidliuira khio ei hpc Khinh Hoi ndm 2006. Tu lif u Bio ling Khinh Hoi.

H U Y N H CHUONG NHI$M 2010. MOt s i nhjn dinh vi d|> bin eu Iri eda cu dfei c i d Khinh Hda qua cic cude khio sit. Mill quit Trong Ky.1^ W ' W o U<» ^K A^Uo e^ <Kie ATidni M I A Nha Tiang: 120 -137.

PHAN THANH T O A N nnk 2007. Phil hi«n dl ehl VTnh Yfci, vinh Vin Phong (Khinh Hoi). TBmg Wiftg phit hl4n mil vi khio ci hpc ndm 2006. Nxb Khoa hoc x l hdi. Hi Ndi: 40 - 43.

N G U Y £ N ANH THU, MAI NOtpC DA 2010. D 4 gim di chl VInh Yfcl qua hai lin khai qu|t. Trong Kyylu H6i thio khoa hpc Khio d hpc Khinh Hda, Nha Trang: 71 • 77.

N G U Y £ N K I M T H O Y 2010. DI cit ngudi c i VTnh Yin, Khinh Hda. Trong KfyiuHUMollhoahpc Khie ci hpc Khinh Hoa, Nha Trang: 7 8 - 8 4 .

N G U Y S N K H A C SCr, P H A N T H A N H T O A N 2009. Dl ehl VInh Yin nong h« thing khio c4 hgc tiii s i KhinhHoi.irAdi>ciiA(>c,si 1: 12-24.

vO QUdC Hl^N 2010: Vin hda Xdm Cin 30 nim nhin l«i. Trong Kfyiu Hdi thao khoa hpc Khia d hpe Khanh Hia, Nha Tnmg: 1 9 - 2 4 .

V U Q U O C H l ^ 1996. Vdn hoi Xim Cin vivj tri cua nd Irong thil dpi Kim kU ven biin Miin Thu^lA^

in Phd Tiin sT khoa hoc Lich sur. Tu li^u Vl$n Khio c i hoe. Hi Ndi.

EXCAVATION AT ViNH Y £ N IN 2009 - INITIAL PERCETION

TRXN QUY TH|NH, NGUYEN NGpc QuY, NOUY£N TAM Vinh Yen site belongs to VInh Y i n hnnnlet, Van Thanh commune. Van Ninh district, Khinh Hda province. It was first excavated In early 2 0 0 8 and v i excavated removed totally with the area of 2 . 2 0 0 m ' in 2 0 0 9 .

Its cultural layer was 1.2m - 1.4m thick, composed fairly homogenously by black or grey clay mixed urith sand.

The found relics include pot, jar burials and earthen graves with foMed-leg skelecton or stretching body. The found artifacts are fairly rich, includir^ stone, bronze, bone and mtjUusc artifacts, and ceramics.

The stone artifacts consist of oval axes with small handles and flared blades, schist bracelets with hiangular cross-section. The ceramics were mainly made by paddle - anvil technkjue, brush- designs, shelledge-pressed designs, red-ochre or graphite-painted ceramics. The bronze artifacts moulds found at this site arc of the same type as those found in the Eastern area of Soudi Vi?t Nam, Tay Nguyin and Northeast Thfl Lan, which Indicates that the date of Vinh Y i n site is late Metal Age.

Basically, Vinh Yen site shares some factors with the Xdm Cdn culhrre, but its date is fairly late, circa 2 , 6 0 0 BP - 2 , 0 0 0 BP. ' '