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QUAN DIEM QUOC TE HOA GIAO DUC DAI HOC VIET NAM DlTA TREN KINH NGHIEM
QUOC TE HOA GIAO DUC DAI HOC CUA MOT SO N i r 6 c TREN THE G i d l
• TRAN MAI DONG
TOM TAT:
Qu6c te hoa giao due dai hpc la mgt trong nhitng chu de duoc quan tam cua nhieu nha lanh dao giao dye va co anh hucmg sau rong den sir thay ddi cSu tnic, chuc nang va mo hmh hoat dong ciia h? thong giao due dai hpc toan cau. Diic ket va tong hop nhiing kinh nghiem quoc te hoa ciia cac quoc gia phat trien la mgt tham khao quan trgng cho dinh huong qu6c ti hoa giao dye dai hgc cua Viet Nam. Myc dich ciia nghien cOru nay giup cung cap them luan eti thuc tiln cho viec xay dyng chinh sach va trien khai qua trinh thyc hien nhiim dam bao chdt lugng va hieu qua cao cho c6ng cu6c qu6c t6 hoa giao due dai hgc tai Viet Nam.
Tir kh6a: Quoc tS hoa giao dye dai hpc, kinh nghi?m quoc te, chinh sach.
1. Dat van de
Trong thai dai hpi nhap quoc te va the giai ph3ng ngay nay, viec tham khao c6 chpn Ipc nhiing kinh nghiem phat trien giao due dai hpc (GDDH) noi chung va qu6c t8 hoa GDDH noi rieng ciia cac nuac dl truac la rat can thi^t, giiip Viet Nam giam thiSu duoc chi phi ca hgi va nhanh chong theo kip xu thg ciia thg gioi. Trong do, quoc te hoa giao dye (QTHGD) la mpt trong nhirng chii de dupe quan tam va co anh hucmg sau rpng den sy thay doi cau tnic, chii'c nang va mo hinh hoat dpng ciia he thong giao due dai hoe toan c§u [1]. Co nhieu dmh nghia vS QTH GDDH dupe dua ra, nhung ph6 bien nhSt chinh la: "Qu6c ti hoa la qua trinh nham tich hpp tat ca cac khia canh quoc te vao muc tieu, chiirc nang va qua trinh thyc hien giao dye dai hpc" [2].
Qu6c ti hoa (QTH) tai eac ca so GDDH dang tra thanh mot yeu ciu c4p thi6t han bao gia het, nham dap irng nhu ciiu ngay mpt khSt khe ve thi truang lao dgng chSt lugng cao trong mot the giai phat trien nhanh nhu hign nay [2]. Cac tnrcmg DH tang cuong QTH di dam bao rSng sinh vien ciia minh dugc chuan bi d5y du kien thuc, ky nang va thai dp, de sin sang tham gia vao thi truang lao dgng toan cau ngay cang tra nen canh tranh va co it ranh gicri hon.
Hieu qua cua viec nay la mot phep thii doi voi chat lupng dao tao ciia cac truang. QTH da tra thanh mpt trong cac tieu chi hang dau de danh gia chat lugng, dang cap va thuang hieu ciia mpt ca so dao tao va da tro thanh mpt phan quan trpng trong chien luac phat trien ciia nhieu co sa GDDH tren the gioi.
2. Kinh nghiem QTH cua mot so nuiifc tren the gioi 2.1. Kinh nghiem cua Trung Quoc Trung Quoc la nuac c6 truyen thong van hoa A Dong lau dai. Ciing nhu tat ca cac nuac khac, ve phuang dien kinh te, Trung Quoc co nhu cau manh me ve quoc ii hoa va toan cau hoa nham duy tri nang luc canh tranh. Trong vong ba thap ky, tir nam 1976, s6 sinh vien a Trung Quoc len tai gan 25 trieu nguai, bi6n Trung Qu6c thanh mgt he thong GDDH Ion nh5t tren the giai [3]. Chinh sach doi men kinh te khi6n Chinh phii Trung Quoc nhan ra nhu cau dao tao iuc lugng chuyen mon trinh dp cao de hien dai hoa quoc gia. Giai doan nay Trung Quoc chii yeu di theo mo hinh nhap khSu: 10 truang DH hang diu ciia Trung Quoc da su dung hau nhu toan bp sach giao khoa dang duac diing 6 Harvard, Stanford va MIT.
Tir nam 2001, chinh phu \eu cau bat bugc tu 5 din 10% chuang trinh dao lao a cac truang DH hang
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dau phai dugc day bang tieng Anh. Bat dau tir nhiing nam 2000, khi Trung Quoc da dat dugc mgt muc dp phat trien kinh te kha dang ke, chien luge quoc te hoa cLia hg da co su thay doi manh me theo hucmg nhan manh hon den viec dinh vi Trung Quoc tren ban do GDDH toan cSu [4].
Diem noi bat ciia truang hgp Trung Quoc la, mac dii tinh chat thi truang hoa va canh tranh ngay cang CO vai tro quan trgng trong biic tranh GDDH nhung su kiem soat ciia Chinh phii khong suy giam. Dieu nay the hien qua viec nhan manh sir gan ket giira GDDH vai nhung muc tieu phat trien kinh te - xa hpi ciia Chinh phu va qua nhirng quy dinh ve quan ly nha nuoc doi vai cac ca so GDDH [4]. Diem noi bat thu hai la, nhiing no luc dau tu cua nha nuac trong viec xay dymg mgt so truang huang tdi muc tieu "dang cap quoc te". Chien luge ciia Trung Quoc dang tao ra nhiing tac dgng ro ret theo ket qua ciia cac bang xep hang DH toan cau. Tam quan trgng cua xep hang DH da vugt xa y nghTa ban dau ciia no nhu mgt cong cu ho trg nguai hgc chgn truang. Gia day no la mgt hinh thiic dinh vi quoc gia co y nghta chinh tri va kinh te ciing nhu co anh huong toi viec lya chpn doi tac, nhat la voi cac hoat dpng nghien ciiu - von ngay cang can hop tac va tang tinh canh tranh tren toan cau.
Theo danh gia ciia cac to chiic quoc te, kinh te Trung Quoc tang truang lien tyc hon 10% trong suot 30 nam qua la ket qua cua nguon nhan luc chat lugng cao. De dat dugc dieu nay, Trung Quoc da hien dai hoa, quoc te hoa nen giao dye nuoc minh trong viec thiet ke chuong trinh, sach giao khoa, kiem tra, danh gia theo chuan myc quoc te, dao tao giao vien \ a xay dyng ca so vat chat, Trung Quoc chii truang dimg toi da cac chuang trinh, sach giao khoa hien dai quoc te va giang day true tiep bang tieng Anh cac mon khoa hgc, cong nghe; tang cuong moi giao su, chuyen gia, hieu trudng, vien trudng la Hoa kieu hoac ngudi nude ngoai.
Kinh nghiem qudc te hoa va ddi mdi giao due dai hpc ciia Trung Quoc dugc cu the hda bang cac chien luac sau:
- V6 mat quan ly cua nha nuac. Dat co sd cho quoc te hoa. Trung Quoc quyet dinh theo duoi chien luge ket hgp giu'a ty chii ve quan ly va trach nhiem giai trinh nghiem ngat. Cac trudng dai hpc dugc phep quyet dinh \ e mat quan iy ma khdng co su can thiep cua Nha nude, nhu viec: lya chpn giao trinh tir nude ngoai. thiet ke chuang trinh dao tao, thanh lap khoa, tu tuyen dung giang vien trong va ngoai nude, hien
dai hoa thiet bi nghien ciru, giang day... nham dat dugc nhiing tieu chuan ve chat lugng do Nha nude dat ra. Ben canh dd, cac hirdng dai hgc phai cd trach nhiem giai trinh vdi Nha nude ve nhung van de dang dien ra de dam bao cac hoat dpng nay van dang hudng den nhiing muc tieu va tam nhin chung ve giao dye cua trudng dai hgc va dat nude. Viec nay ciing giiip bao ve trudng hpc khdi sy can thiep hanh chinh.
- Ve xay dung cac trudng dai hgc tinh hoa. Tmng Quoc da rat quyet tam xay dimg mpt so dai hpc nghien ciru xuat sac nam trong chii truang hgi nhap qudc te va chimg td vi the quoc gia. Nha nude dau tu cho 2 trudng dai hgc trpng diem la Thanh Hoa va Bac Kinh vdi sd tien khoang 225 trieu dd la My trong 3 nam dau tien. Nhieu trudng dai hgc tinh hoa hi?n nay ciia Trung Qudc deu cd ngudn goc tir nhiing trudng theo phong each phuang Tay, dugc hinh thanh vao dau the ky XX do cac nha truyen giao, cac tri thiic hay doanh nhan thdi do thanh lap. Tuy nhien, vi?c ke thira nay doi hdi mot y chi chinh tri cao, vi se lam thay doi ca ban co che quan tri sin cd.
- Ve mat phan bd ngudn luc ciia nha nude. Trung Qudc da thay ddi tieu chi phan bd ngan sach nha nude cho cac trudng dai hpc tir viec dya vao s6 lugng sinh vien nhap hpc trudc day sang so lugng tai trg nghien ciiu, so bang sang che trudng do dugc cap; hoac cac cong bd khoa hgc ciia giang vien tren cac tap chi khoa hgc qudc te cd binh duyet. Di6u nay tao nen tinh minh bach va ap lire cho cac trudng dai hgc phai nang cao chat lugng ciing nhu danh gia giang vien mdt each khach quan hon.
- Ve thu hiit va dai ngd nhan tai tir nude ngoai.
Chinh phii Trung Quoc tich cue thu hiit cac nha khoa hpc va hgc gia hang dau d nude ngoai nhSm nang cao chat lugng giao due. Bang chimg la, Nha nude manh dan dau tu vao cac phdng thi nghiem, trang thiet bi nghien ciiu va ngan sach tai trg de keu gpi cac nha khoa hgc den lam viec. Ngoai ra, cac chinh sach khen thudng khdng gidi han cung nhu cac dieu kien lam viec, tai trg nghien ciiu... dupe quang ba rpng rai tao nen canh tranh va da thu hut dugc nhieu hgc gia trong va ngoai nude.
2.2. Kinh nghiem cua Hdn Qudc
0 cap dp chinh sach, tien trinh qudc te hoa GDDH Han Qudc dien ra trong bdi canh Chinh phu Han Qudc cai td Bp Giao dye thanh Bp Giao dye
\a Phat trien Ngudn nhan luc, vdi y nghTa r5 r?t la nhan manh vao yiu to xay dung ngudn vdn con ngudi cho viec phat trien khoa hgc - cdng ngh^ bac cao, phye vy cho kinh te qudc gia. Trong dd, quoc te
JUANTDI QUANLY
hoa GDDH la mgt phan quan trpng cua qua trinh cai each nay. Khi nghien cim ve tien trinh qudc ti hda cua GDDH Han Qudc cd th8 thay, cac chinh sach qudc te hda ciia Chinh phii da ddng gdp tich cue vao viec xay dimg nang luc canh tranh qudc te ciia cac trudng dai hpc [5].
Ciing vdi hd trg cua Chinh phii, ap luc hr khoi doanh nghiep va nhu cau ciia nen kinh ti da thiic day cac trudng dai hgc ddi mai va tang cudng qudc te hda. Qudc te hda ciia GDDH Han Qudc gin chat vdi nhu cau nhan luc ky nang cao va chien luge phat trien cua qudc gia. Vi the, nd dugc thyc hien mdt each CO he thdng va dugc hd trg bdi nhirng no lire cai each ve quan tri, chang han nhu chii truong phi tap trung hda, cap tai trg dua tren ket qua hoat dgng va xay dung nhiing thudc do nham danh gia k6t qua hoat ddng cua cac trudng.
Cac tieu chi dugc sir dyng de do ludng muc do qudc te hoa ciia mpt ttTidng dai hpc tai Han Qudc la: (1) Sd mdn hgc dugc day bang tieng Anh; (2) Sd lugng giang vien qudc tS; (3) Sd lupng sinh vien qudc ti; (4) Sd thda thuan hgp tac da ky vdi cac trudng nuac ngoai; (5) Sd lugng hpi thao/sinh hoat hpc thuat qudc te do nha trudng td chiic hang nam;
(6) Ky hic xa eho sinh vien qudc te; (7) Tai trg ciia Chinh phii cho cac hoat ddng qudc te.
2.3. Kinh nghiem ciia Hoa Ky
Hoa Ky la mgt trudng hgp ndi bat ve qudc te hoa GDDH do dugc tien hanh tir rat sdm va dat dugc nhirng thanh qua dang ke, khdng chi n-ong ban than ITnh vyc qudc te hda GDDH ma cdn la ddng gop ciia viec qudc te hda GDDH cho sy phat trien eiia qudc gia. Do tinh tu chii cua cac trudng dai hgc My rat cao, nhihig nd lire va hanh ddng hudng tdi qudc te hda GDDH chii yeu la nhirng sang kien va hanh dgng d cap trudng. Cd the neu vai vi dy dien hinh ve chien luge qudc te hda cua cac trudng dai hgc My nhu sau [7]; (1) Trudng DH Ky thuat Virginia tuyen bd mdt tSm nhin hudng tdi vi tri dai hpc dang cap the gidi qua viec nhan manh 7 ke hoach chien luge nham thuc hien qudc te hda; (2) Tai DH Pennsylvania, cac nha lanh dao giiip cac trudng khoa xay dung ke hoach 5 nam vdi nhiing muc tieu ve giao due qudc te, dua ra nhihig chuyen nganh cd tinh chat qudc te va khuyen khich giang vien tai thiet ke cung nhu tang cudng qudc te hda ngi dung mdn hgc.
Cd the cho rang, Hoa Ky la noi di dau trong lan song quoc td hda GDDH. Hien nay, cd nhung trudng dai hpc ciia My ma mpt nua sd trudng khoa ciia ho la nhiing ngudi sinh ra d nude ngoai. Con sd cac nha
khoa hgc cd ngudn gdc hi nude ngoai din Hoa Ky lam viec va lap nghiep da tang gdp 3 ihn hong vdng hon mgt thap ky va chiem 1/3 tdng sd cac nha khoa hgc My vao nam 2006 [81, va theo thdng ke nam 2011 cho thay ti le nay van tiep tue dugc duy tri [9].
Trong nam hpc 2006-2007, nude My da giti 223.534 sinh vien ra nude ngoai da hgc tap va tiap nhan 582.984 sinh vien qudc li din hpc tai cac trudng dai hpc cua Hoa Ky. Nam 2016, hai sd heu tuang ling theo thir hr la 313.415 va 1.043.839, cho thdy mirc dp thanh cdng trong \ iec thu hut sinh vian qudc te cua Hoa Ky [6].
Mdt cdng trinh nghien ciiu ve qudc te hda GDDH tai 183 trudng dai hgc Hoa Ky do DH Washington State hd trg thuc hien da ket luan 5 nhan td quyat djnh thanh cdng la [8]: (1) Ngudn luc; (2) Yeu cau bat bugc ddi vdi tinh qudc te hda trong boat ddng cua trudng: (3) Nang luc quan ly \a lanh dao nha trudng; (4) Viec td chirc thyc hien (co cau, sy ndi kat giua cac bg phan, van hda ndi tai) va mdi trudng ben ngoai (nhan thiic toan cau, ddi hdi ciia cac ben hen quan, Ipi ich dat dugc).
2.4. Kinh nghiem ciia mpt so nu&c chau Au Khdng nhu cac trudng DH Hoa Ky tiap can qudc ta hda mgt each rieng le, cac nude chau Au cd each tiep can tdng hgp han. Uy ban Chau Au hd trp cho nhirng nd lire qudc ta hoa thdng qua nhirng chuang trinh tdng the nhu: Erasmus, Tempus. Chuang trinh Tempus dac biet chu trgng tdi cac nude lang gieng trong khi dd thi Erasmus Mundus thi cd tinh toan cau nhilu hon. Dudi day la mot sd ket qua ciia chuang trinh ERASMUS: (1) 1.2 trieu sinh vien dugc hudng lai qua nhiing chuang trinh hoc tap tai nude ngoai;
(2) He thdng Chuyen ddi Tin chi Chau Au (European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) hien nay da dugc phd bian va dugc chap nhan rgng rai; (3) Nhihig du an hgp tac trong viec xay dung chuang trinh; (4) Thuc hien lien ket giira 2.199 trudng dai hoe tai 31 qudc gia; (5) Ngan sach 159 trieu EUR, 144.000 sinh vien, 21.000 giao vien [9].
Hai nam mdt lan Bd trudng Giao due eae nude da ky van ban thda thuan se hgp lai da danh gia tien trinh \a xac lap nhiing uu tien cho ke hoach hanh ddng. Ndi bat nhat trong sd nhirng nd luc qudc te hda GDDH d chau Au la Tian trinh Bologna. Tian trinh Bologna cd muc dich tao ra mdt khdng gian chung cho giao due dai hgc chau Au, trong dd sinh vien cd tha lua chgn nhieu khda hgc/chuang trinh hgc chat lugng cao va hudng lgi tir nhirng thii tyc cdng nhan van bang lln nhau giiia cac hirdng [10], Sau day la
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nhiing dac diem ca ban ciia Tian trinh Bologna: (1) Thdng qua mdt he thdng van bang cd tha ddi sanh va cdng nhan mgt each da dang; (2) Xay dung he thdng tin chi chung; (3) Thiic day sy trao ddi giang vian va sinh vien; (4) Thuc day sy hgp tac giiia cac qudc gia chau Au trong viec bao dam chat lugng; (5) Thiic day djnh hudng chau Au trong giao due dai hgc.
Nd lye gan day nhat ciia tien trinh Bologna la ban hanh Bd tieu chuan va hudng dan ve dam bao chat lugng trong GDDH d chau Au vao nam 2015 nham giup cac nude thanh vian cd mgt nen tang chung ve chuan muc chat lugng. Nhu vay cd the thay, nhihig nd luc qudc ta hda GDDH d chau Au trong vdng 2 thap ky qua chii yeu la nhan manh vao khia canh qudc te hda chucmg trinh dao tao, van bang va cac chuan muc dam bao chat lugng.
3. Due ket kinh nghiem quoc te hoa va kien nghi chinh s^ch
Til' nghien ciru xu the va thyc tien QTH GDDH cua mdt sd nude tren tha gidi, chiing ta cd the nit ra mdt sd luan diem sau day:
&cdp chinh sdch, vimd:
Qudc te hda giao due dai hgc la mgt xu tha tat yau trong phat trien GDDH ciia cac qudc gia tran tha gidi. Nd xuat phat tir ddi hdi cua thi trudng lao ddng can kien thiic, ky nang theo chuan muc qudc te; ddi hdi ngudi lao ddng cd nang luc thich nghi va lam viec trong mdi trudng da van hda. Ngoai ra, d nhung qudc gia cd ca che quan ly GDDH tap trung - nhu mdt sd nude chau Au va chau A, de QTHGD thanh cdng thi Chinh phu cac nude can phai cd chian luge, ke hoach hd trg cac trudng dai hgc trong QTH, trong dd chinh sach hd trp tai chinh cd vai hd tien quyet.
Ty chu dai hgc la mgt dieu kien hang dau nham thuc day QTH va phat trien dai hgc.
Cf cdp cff s& gido due dao tgo:
Cac trudng dai hgc can xay dyng chien luge, ka
hoach rd rang, dua van da QTH vao tat ca cac khia canh ciia trudng nhu tam nhin, sii menh, ke ho?ich hay vao cac ITnh vuc nhu giang day, nghien cuu, chuyen giao cdng nghe. Ben canh dd, cac trudng dai hpc can cd dpi ngu lanh dao sang sudt, manh me, tao dugc su ddng thuan ve QTH cao trong tat ca cac bg phan va ciing can cd ddi ngii can bg, giang vien, nhan vien chuyen nghiep de dap ling yeu cau QTH.
Ndi dung chuong trinh va phuong phap day hpc tai cac trudng dai hgc can dugc thiet ke theo hudng hgi nhap qudc ta, cd tinh md cao, dugc cap nhat thudng xuyan da phii hgp vdi yeu cau ciia nganh nghe hen thi trudng lao dgng; van bang can dugc cdng nhan qudc te.
Ngoai ra, nghien ciiu khoa hoc nen cd su kat ndi vdi cac ddi tac nude ngoai da ciing huy dgng quy, ciing nghien cim va ciing cdng bd qudc te. Cac trudng dai hpc can cd sir ket hgp vdi cac doanh nghiep ngoai nude de hgp tac trong dao tao, nghien cuu va chuyan giao cdng nghe.
Da thu hiit sinh vien qudc te, eac trudng can chii trpng cac yeu td hap dan sinh vien nhu: co hdi viec lam sau tdt nghiep; mdi trudng hpc tap chuan quoc te; dupe hd trg, tu van khi can; dugc sdng trong moi trudng an toan, da van hda, tham gia cac hoat dpng ngoai khda; hd trg hgc bdng; chinh sach hgc phi; ho trg viec lam va cd chinh sach quan tam dan sinh vien sau tdt nghiep.
4. Ket luan
La mgt nude di sau trong tien trinh qudc te hda GDDH, nhiing kinh nghiem qudc te hda ciia cac qudc gia dugc phan tich d tren la mdt tham khao tdt eho dinh hudng qudc ta hda giao due dai hgc cua Viet Nam; giiip cung cap them luan cir thyc tien cho viec xay dyng De an qudc te hda giao dye dai hgc, ca d cap do chinh sach eiia Chinh phu lln cap do quan tri cua cac co sd GDDH.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1 Altbach, P. G. Patterns in higher education development. In P. G. Altbach, R. O. Berdahl & P. J Gumport (Eds.), American higher education in the twenty-first century, 2005, pp. 15-37.
'' Altbach, P,G The company we keep. A cautionary tale [Web blog post]. Xem: http://www.insidehighered.coni/
blogs/the_world_view/the_company_we_keep_a_cautionary_taIe, truy cap ngay 02/12/2019.
3 Bon, P. Higher education is the beating heart ofsociet}'. Paper presented at the Conference on Vietnam's Education:
The Nation's Life's Breath, Hochiminh City, Vietnam, 13 November, Xem: http://\*ww uefedu.\n/resources/
ky_yeu hoi_thao/25_higher_education isthe beating_heart_ofsociety.pdf, truy cap ngay 05/12/2019.
4. Bui A. T, Higher education quality accreditation in Vietnam, Department of Testing and Accreditation, MOET. Xem: http://www.educationuk.org/userfiles/file/SG_TNE_QA_05_DrBuiAnhTuan.pdf . tmy cap ngay 05/12/2019.
QOAN TR! QOAN LY
5. Bui V.G. Intemationaiising liiglier education from a different angle. Going Global 2014 British Council, Xem;
http.//issuu.com/bceastasia/docs/ihe-newsletter-issue-3, truy cap ngay 08/12/2019.
6. Hayden, M. Developing a globally Integrated liigher education system in Vielnam: A nme-polntplan, National Conference; Vietnamese Higher Education in the Era of Globalization, Nov 9, Ho Chi Minh City. Xem; http;//
gddhhoinhapquocte.vnuhcm.edu.vn/site/en/?p=344#_ftn7, truy cap ngay 08/12/2019.
7. Henson, J. B., Noel, J. C, GiUard-Byers, T. E. & Ingle, M. D. Internationalizing U.S. Universities: Prelimlnaiy Summary of a National Study. Presented at the Conference on Internationalizing U.S. Universities. June 5-7 in Spokane, Washington. Reprinted in Washington State University, 1990.
8. Huang, F. Transactional higher education In Asia and the Pacific Region, in F. Huang (ed), RJHE International Publication Series No. 10, Hiroshima University, Japan, 2006, pp. 21-34.
9. Huang, F Inlernalionatizalion of Higher Education m the Developing and Emerging Countries A Focus on Transnational Higher Education in Asia Journal of Studies in International Education, 11 (%), 2007, pp. 421-432.
10. Nguyen Van Tuan Nang sudt khoa hoc Viet Nam qua cong bo quoc te 2001-2015, Tap chi Khoa hoc & Cong nghe Viet Nam, 10,2016, pp. 49-54.
Ngay nhan bai: 9/3/2020
Ngay phiin bien danh gia va sira chira: 19/3/2020 Ngay ch^p nhan dang bai: 29/3/2020
Thong tin tdc gid:
TS. TliAN MAI DONG
Phong Quan ly khoa hoc - Hop tac quoc te Trutag Dai hoc Kinh tl TP. H6 Chi Minh
THE VIEW OF VIETNAM ABOUT HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INTERNATIONALIZATION BASED ON EXPERIENCES
OF SOME COUNTRIES
• Dr. TRAN MAI DONG
Department of Research Administration - International Relations, University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City
ABSTRACT:
Higher educational internationalization is one of top concerns of educational leaders around the world and it has significantly affected changes in structure, fiinction and model of the global education system. It is essential for educational policy markers at Vietnam to review, suiTunarize and stody experiences of other countries in higher educational internationalization.
This smdy is to provide more practical evidence for the development and implementation of higher education policies in order to ensure the quality and efficiency of the higher educational internationalization process in Vietnam.
Keywords: Higher educational internationalization, international experiences, policies.
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