(Xmttn ^anh <7i/. Stf 1(334)-2020
PHAP LUAT VE BAO VE THdNG TIN BJ MAT C^A CA NHAN CUA NliT S ( NliOC TREN THE 6101 VA KINH NGHIEM CHO VIET NAM
• PGS.TS. N G U Y S N T H | NHUNG *
& TS. Lfe eiNH NGHI **
Tom tat: Bdi viet di cap din phdp ludt ve bdo vi thong tin cd nhdn cda mgt so nit&c tren the giai vd kinh nghiem doi vdi Viit Nam.
Abstract: The article mentions the law on protecting personal information of some countries in the world and experiences for Vietnam.
1. Khai quat ve bao ve thong tin bi mat ciia ca nhan a Viet Nam
Thai gian gan day, van de bi m^t ca nhan tro nen
"nong" hem bao gia het voi hang loat nhfing vy vi$c ro ri thong tin ca nhan khong chi giai han a Vi?t Nam ma con xuat hien a nhieu qu6c gia tren the gi(ji. Tim hieu ve thong tin bi mat ca nhan va cac ca che cua phap luat hien hanh bao ve nhu the nao doi vdi moi ca nhan tro nen can thiet. Hi?n nay, a Vi^t Nam vSn chua co cac van ban quy ph?im phap luat cu the dieu chinh, giai thich ve khai ni?m nay. Tuy nhien, phap luat luon bao ve va dam bao tot nhat quyen bao ve thong tin bi m^t ca nhan cho cong dan. Quyen nay cua moi ca nhan dugc ghi nh^n trong van ban phap luat co gia tri phap Iy cao nhat cua Viet Nam do la Hien phap nam 2013, cy the Dieu 21 quy dinh: "1. Moi nguoi co quyen bat kha xam pham ve dai song rieng tu, bi m^t ca nhan va bi mat gia dinh; co quyen bao ve danh dy, uy tin cua minh. Thong tin ve doi s6ng rieng tu, bi m^t ca nhan, bi mat gia dinh dugc phap luat bao dam an toan.
2. Moi nguoi co quyen bi m^t thir tin, di?n tho?!, di^n tin va cac hinh thuc trao doi thong tin rieng tu
khac. Khong ai dugc boc mo, kiem soat, thu gift trai Iu|t thu tin, dien thoai, di?n tin va cac hinh thuc trao d6i thong tin rieng tu cua ngu&i khdc".
Sau do, quyen nay ciia cong dan con dugc cy the hoa vi dugc quy dinh r6 han trong cac vin ban lugt chuyen nganh. Theo Dieu 38 Bo luat Dan su nam 2015, thi thong tin bi m^t ciia m6i ca nhki la bat kha xam pham, mgi hanh vi thu thap, luu giii, sii dung, cong khai thdng tin lien quan d^n dai song rieng tu, bi mat ca nhan phai dugc nguoi do dong y. Nhu vay, ve nguyen tSc, bat cii dan vj nao muon tiep c^n, su dyng dii lifu ca nhan thi phai dugc sy dong f cOa chii s6 hthi dii li?u do. Thyc t6, phdp luat khong cam cac don vj thu th$p thong tin cd nhan cua ngu6i khac, tuy nhiSn thi mpi h^nh vi deu phai n5m trong giai hgn ma phap luat cho phep.
Luat An ninh mang ndm 2018 ra dai la mpt huac tien mai cua Hch su lap phap Viet Nam trong vi?c bao v? cac quyen nhdn than cua cong dan, cu the la quyen dugc bao ve bi m|t thong tin ca nhan. Luat An ninh mang ndm 2018 dugc xay dyng tren co so tuan thii quy djnh ve bao v? quyen con nguoi, trong do c6 quySn bat kha xam ve doi song rieng tu cua Hien phap hi?n hanh. Chinh vi the, thong tin cd
* Dcii hoc Ma Hd Noi
** Dgi hoc Ludt Hd Noi
Ddn chCi & Phdp lu^t I
C^udn §anh ^y.
S6 1 (334) - 2O20nhan dugc Luat nay bao ve chat che. Theo do, trdch nhi?m bdo ve bi mat kinh doanh, bi mgt ca nhan, bi mgt gia dinh va dai song rieng tu tren kh6ng gian mgng cua cac ca quan chuc nang, doanh nghiep va to chitc, cd nhan co lien quan dugc quy dinh cy the tai Dieu 17 cua Luat.
Cac hanh vi nhu chiem doat, mua ban, thu giii, CO y lam 16, xoa, lam hu hong, that Igc, thay doi, dua len khong gian mang nhiing thong tin thupc bi mat kinh doanh, bi mat ca nhan, bi mat gia dinh va dcri song rieng tu cua nguai khac ma chua dugc phep ciia nguai sir dung hoac trai quy dinh ciia phap lugt sc bi xu ly. Khi thong tin bi mat ciia ca nhan bj xam phgm, xet tren cac dieu ki^n phat sinh trach nhiem dan su khi co hanh vi trai phdp luat, co thiet hai ve mat tinh than, co moi quan he nhan qua giua hanh vi va thiet hai thuc tc, cd nhdn c6 the nhan dugc nhung khoan boi thuang thiet hai.
Nhiing khodn boi thuang thiet hgi do quy6n nhan than bi xam phgm la boi thudng thiet hai ve vat chat va boi thuong thiet hai ve tinh than theo quy dinh tai Di^u 592 Bg luat Dan sy nam 2015.
Phap luat Viet Nam cung co nhiing co che de bao ve thong tm bi mat cd nhan nhu xu phat hanh chinh, nghiem trpng hon co the la hinh phat tii (theo Dieu 159 Bg luat Hinh su nam 2015 -siiaddi, bo sung nam 2017) nham ran de cac hanh vi xam phgm bi mat ca nhan, true lgi cho ban than, gay ra nhiing ton that khong chi ve vat chat ma con ca tinh than den chii the bi xam phgm.
Vdi xu hudng phat trien mot so cong ngh? Idn tren the gidi nhu: Dien todn dam may (cloud com- puting), dii lieu Idn (big data), internet ket noi vgn vat (internet of things), cac cong ngh? ky thuat so khac... thi vice thu thap, luu tru, chuyen giao va phan tich dii lieu cd nhan ngay cang don gian hon.
He thdng dO li?u ldn va cong ngh? tri tu? nhdn tao (AI) hi$n nay da phat trien den miic chi cin dya vao nhung thdng tin ban ddu do ngudi diing cung cSp, chiing cd kha nang phan tich hdnh vi con nguai, tham chi co the dua ra nhiing djnh hudng, dy doan hanh vi ciia chii sd huu cac thdng tin nay khi bi dat trong mpt tinh hudng nao d6. Hien nay, thong tin cua mdi cd nhan bi rd ri va ban tMn moi ca nhan cung chua nhgn thiic dugc tam quan trpng ciia thong tin ca nhan chinh minh .
Cau hoi ddt ra la, chiing ta dang bi xdm pham bi mat thdng cd nhan nhu the nao? Tren thyc te, khong khd d6 nhgn ra nhiing sy xdm phgm bi mat thong tin ca nhan tir don gidn den tinh vi trong ddi song xa hdi hi$n nay nhu: Hanh vi xem trpm nhdt ky, dgc trgm tin nhan cho den sy thu thgp thdng tin khach hang cua cac hang sim, the di?n thoai tdi cdc trudng dgi hpc, ghi am cdc cupc noi chuy?n bi mgt, hay xam nhdp tai khoan ca nhdn tren mgng xd hpi thong qua nhung thugt todn cong nghe,... Da phan nhimg thong tin bi mat cua ca nhan bj xam pham nay nham den myc dich thuong mgi hodc tong ti^n cimg nhieu hanh vi nguy hiem cho xa hpi khdc.
Nhu vdy, phap luat Viet Nam luon hudng den vi?c bao V? tdt nhat cdc nhom quydn danh cho cong ddn, trong dd co quyen dugc bao v? bi mat thdng tin cd nhan. Chiing ta dd xay dyng vS co ban cac quy djnh phap luat, dua ra cdc ca sd phap ly khdng djnh tuy?t d6i q u y k rieng tu ciia cd nhan, khdng ai cd quyen dugc xam phgm.
2. Phdp luSt ve bao vf thdng tin bf m|t ca nhan a mpt so nude tren the gidi
Bao v$ thdng tin bi mgt cd nhan xudt phdt tii viec xac dinh bao ve dii li?u ca nhan (personal data protection) Id van de dugc nhidu qudc gia tren the gidi quan tam, dac bi?t trong bdi canh each mgng
I Ddn chD & Phdp lu^t
QbuAnQanh^g, Sd 1(334)-2020
cdng nghe 4.0, khi ma xu hucrng toan cau hoa, cdng ngh? sd thay ddi cdn bdn cupc sdng ciia con ngudi.
Hien nay, hon 100 qudc gia da cd nhiing dao lugt rieng (personal data protection act) de bao v? thdng tin cho cac chii the cd nhan, cdng dan nude sd tgi'.
Tuy nhien, thyc te cho thay dao luat bao v? thdng tin ca nhan d cac qudc gia la khdng gidng nhau^, nen tac gia chi lya chpn mgt so dgo lugt tieu bi6u d i nghien ciiu.
2.1. Bp lugt Bdo vf du- ii^u chung ciia Lien minh chdu Au^
Bp lugt Bao ve dii li?u chung (General Data Protection Regulation - GDPR) vira mdi dugc ban hanh va bat dau cd hipu lye tgi cac nude thugc Lien minh chau Au (EL)). Tir ngay 25/5/2018, Bp luat mdi nay se bao v? dii li?u va quyen rieng tu ddi vdi cac cdng dan EU nhimg ciing dp dung vdi nhieu qudc gia khdc theo nhieu each. Do phdn ldn cac cdng ty cdng nghe ldn deu hogt ddng da qudc gia nen GDPR se tac dpng den nhiing thit chiing ta diing hang ngay.
GDPR dugc soan ra la nham giai quyet mdt van de tdn tgi Iau nay trong ITnh vyc cdng nghe do la nhieu cdng ty dang thu thap va lam dung thdng tin ngudi diing. Chung ta deu biet rang, ke tir thdi dgi internet thi nhieu cdng ty van dang hogt dpng theo kieu phai lay cang nhieu da li?u ngudi diing cang tdt. Dieu nay khdng kho va vi vay cdc cdng ty nay chang cd Iy do gi ma tir chdi mpt luong dii lieu khdng Id, nhieu ticm ndng khai thac den vay tir chinh ngudi dung san pham/dich vy ciia hg.
Van dc d day la, trong nhiing nam qua, rdt nhieu cdng ty da khdng thanh cdng trong viec bdo ve hoac cd y Igm dung dir !i?u ca nhdn ciia ngudi dimg.
Chinh vi vay, EU da xem xet ky tinh trang nay va su dung GDPR de khdc phyc. Theo ludt mdi, cac
cdng ty khdng bao ve trgn v?n du lipu ngudi dimg hogc lam dyng dii lieu do theo bat ky cdch nao se ddi mat vdi an phgt rdt ldn.
- Cdch hieu ve "da li?u cd nhdn ": Theo GDPR, dii lieu ca nhan la mgi thdng tin giiip nhgn dang, nhgn di?n mpt con ngudi. Day la mpt khdi ni?m rdt rgng va tren thyc te, dii lieu cd nhan s6 bao gdm:
Dii lipu ti6u su nhdn thdn (nhu ten, dja chi, sd dipn thoai, so bdo hiSm xa hpi...); dii lipu Hen quan den ngogi hinh va thd chdt (nhu mdu tdc, chiing tgc, chieu cao, can nang...); thdng tin ve tinh trang giao dye va lich sir lao dpng (nhu thu nhgp, bdng cap, GPA, ma sd thue ca nhan...); mgi dii li?u ve y hpc vadi truyen...
- Ve vai tro ciia GDPR: GDPR se mang lgi cho cdng ddn chdu Au - nhiing ai cd dQ" lipu cd nhdn bj thu th^p va sit dyng 08 quySn ca ban"*:
+ Quyen dugc thdng bao: Niu mpt cdng ty dang thu thap dii lipu ciia bgn, hp can phai bao eho bgn biet ve loai dfi lieu gi dang dupc lay, tgi sao lay va chiing dugc sii dyng lam gi, hp se giu du li?u nay trong bao Iau va lipu cd chia se vdi cdc phia khac hay khdng. Thdng tin nay thudng bj "ehdn viii"
trong nhftng vdn ban dieu khodn djch vy ma hidm ai dgc va gid day, cac van ban nay bugc phai dugc cd dpng lgi va giai thich bdng ngdn ngii dan gidn.
+ Quyen dugc truy cgp: Neu dugc yeu cau, mpi to chiic dang luu trft dft li?u lien quan den mgt chii the bdt huge phdi cung cap du Heu cho chii the yeu cau trong vong 01 thdng.
+ Quyen dugc cdi chinh: Neu mdt chii the co dii li?u dugc thu thap phat hien ra mpt cdng ty sd hiiu dft Upu cua hg nhung dii lieu nay khdng chinh xac, thi chii the cd the yeu cau cap nhgt dft li?u. Cac cdng ty cung se cd 01 thang dd thyc hipn.
+ Quyen dugc xoa bo: Mgt chii the cd dft lipu
Ddn chO & Phdp lu$t I
%ujan. Qanh '7^ 861(334)-2020
dugc thu thgp cd the yeu eau mdt cdng ty xda mgi du lieu ma hp dang nam gift trong mdt sd tinh hudng nhat dinh, Chang hgn nhu, neu dft lipu nay khdng can dung den nfta hogc chii the khdng bang long cho cdng ty su dung dft lidu ciia minh.
+ Quyen dugc gidi han xu ly: Neu mgt td chirc khdng the xoa du lieu ciia mdt chii the, chang han nhu hg can du lieu nay de sir dyng cho mdt vy viec phap ly thi chu the cd quydn yeu cau cdng ty dd han che xii ly du lieu.
+ Quyen dugc luan chuyen dft lipu: Chu the dft lieu cd quyen dua dft lieu ca nhan ciia minh tir dich vy nay sang diing vdi mgt dich vu khac.
+ Quyen dugc phan ddi: Neu du lieu dugc thu thdp ma khdng c6 su ddng y ciia chu the nhung vi lgi ich kinh doanh hgp phap, vi Igi ich cdng cgng hoge theo yeu cau cua mdt co quan cd thdm quydn thi chu the cd quyen phan ddi. Td chiic ndo thu thap dft li?u bat budc phdi ngung xu ly du li?u cua chu the cho den khi cd the chiing minh nhung ly do chinh dang de thyc hien dieu nay.
Cac quyen lien quan den viec tu ra quyet dinh bao gdm luge td: GDPR se dua ra cac bien phap bao ve de ca nhan cd du lieu dugc thu thap cd th6 phan ddi hoac dugc giai thich vc nhftng quyet djnh ty ddng (do nhiing td chirc/cdng ty thu thap dft li?u) dua ra anh hudng the nao den hp va du lieu ciia hp.
Ngoai ra, GDPR cdn budc cac cdng ty phdi dua ra ly do hgp phap dc thu thap hay xu ly mpi dft lieu ca nhan. Mot trong nhung ly do hgp phap la hp cd dugc su chap thuan dc sir dung du: lieu cho mdt myc dich cy the hoac bat budc phai thu thap dii lieu dc tuan thu cac nghTa vy phap ly hodc vi lgi ich cpng ddng.
Cd the ndi rang, GDPR la mdt bp luat rat khdc nghi?t, mpt td chirc cd the bi phat tdi 20 trieu EUR
hogc 4% doanh thu hang ndm tren todn cau (tiiy theo miic nao cao hon). Ddi vdi nhftng cdng ty nhu Amazon hay Google, sd tien nay cd the len tdi hang ty USD neu vi phgm GDPR.
- Ve tdc dgng ciia GDPR den nhiing qudc gia khdc ngodi EU: GDPR la mdt Bd lugt do EU sogn vd cd hipu lye tai cac quoc gia EU, bao vp cho cit dan EU. Cdng dan ciia nhiing qudc gia khae, vl ly thuyet khdng dugc lgi gi. Tuy nhien, GDPR vin ^ dyng ddi vdi nhiing ai sd hiiu hd chieu cdng dan chau Au, chdng han nhu ban la cdng ddn Vipt Nam nhung cung mang qudc tjch cua mgt qudc gia EU, thi liic nay ban se dugc bdo vp bdi GDPR.
GDPR dp dyng cbo cdng dan chau Au nhung s^
thay ddi ve chinh sach bao mgt dft lipu ciia cac cdng ty doi vdi EU cung it nhieu tdc dgng den chiing ta bdi GDPR khien nhidu cdng ty phai xem xet Igi each hg thu thap va sft dyng dft lipu ngudi diing cung nhu mpt sd cdng ty da bat ddu dp dyng chinh sach mdi theo quy chuan GDPR cho cdc khu vuc ngoai EU bdi se dan gidn hon ddi vdi cac cdng ty neu diing mdt bp chinh sach duy nhdt ap dyng len tat cd ngudi dimg trong nhieu trudng hgp.
Chang hgn nhu Apple cung da phat hanh mgt cdng thdng tin vd bao m^t du lipu cd nhan trong d6 ngudi diing tgi mgi noi tren the gidi cd thd tdi vl todn bg dft lipu cua minh hodc xda tai khoan. Noi each khae, Apple da cung edp quyen truy cgp va xda bd cho ngudi dimg, trudc mdt dp dyng cho cac tai khodn tgi EU nhung hang cung da cd kd hoach md rdng md hinh nay ra toan cdu trong vdi thang tdi. Tuong ty, Facebook ciing da bdt dau thay d6i chinh sach de tudn theo bg lugt GDPR dp dyng vdi mpt so ngudi diing ngodi EU.
2.2. lu^t Bao vf dit li^u cd nhdn cm Estonia^
Estonia da ban hanh Lugt Bdo v? du li^u cd nhan
I Ddn chCi & Phdp ludt
(Xkidn §anh ^g. 861(334)-2020
nam 2003 va nam 2007. Lugt Bao v? dft lipu ca nhan cua Estonia quy dinh du lieu cd nhdn la thdng tin lien quan den mpt ngudi dugc xdc djnh hoac mdt ngudi cd the xac djnh bang cdch tham chidu den cac dgc diem the chat, tinh than, sinh ly, kinh te, van hda hoac xa hoi, cac mdi quan hp vd hiep hpi eua ngudi dd. Ludt cung quy djnh dft lipu ed nhdn rieng tir bao gdm dft lieu dugc quy djnh trong Lugt Thdng tin cdng cpng nam 2001 ciia Estonia, ngogi trir do lieu tiet Ip tinh each, kha nang hogc dgc diem khac ciia mgt ngudi. Dft lipu ca nhan nhgy cdm bao gdm cac du lieu dugc quy dinh trong Lugt Thdng tin cdng cgng nam 2001 ciia Estonia; ngoai ra, bd sung them du lieu lien quan den tinh trang khuyet tdt, dft lieu lidn quan den thdng tin di truyen, dft lipu Hen quan den thanh vien trong td chuc cdng doan.
Muc dieh eiia Luat Bao vc du lipu cd nhan cua Estonia la bao ve cac quyen ca ban va quyen ty do cua ca nhan do trong qua trinh xu ly dft lieu, quan trpng nhat la quyen bat kha xam phgm ddi tu. Pham vi quy djnh ciia Luat nay la cae dieu kipn va quy trinh xu ly dft lieu ca nhdn, quy trinh gidm sdt nha nude khi xu ly dft lieu ca nhan, trach nhipm ddi vdi viec vi phgm cdc yeu cau ve xu Iy du lipu cd nhan.
Lugt quy djnh du lipu cd nhan la bat ky dft lipu nao Hen quan den cd nhan dd dugc xdc dinh hogc nhgn dgng, bat ke d mpt dinh dang tdi lipu ndo. Lugt quy djnh ro dft lieu cd nhan nhay cam la dft lieu tiet Ip quan diem chinh trj hoac niem tin tdn giao hogc trilt hgc, ngogi tru dft lieu lien quan den mpt td chuc cd tu each phap ly ddc lap, co the tham gia vao cdc hogt dpng kinh te, chinh trj, xa hdi... theo quy djnh ciia phap luat; du lipu tiet Ip ngudn gdc chung tdc hoac dan tdc; du lieu lien quan den tinh trgng sue khdc hoac chiic nang sinh ly ciia mdt ngudi; thdng tin thu thap dugc trong qud trinh td
tung hinh sy hogc trong cdc trudng hgp td tyng khdc de xac djnh mdt hanh vi phgm tdi trudc phien toa cdng khai hoac trudc khi cd phdn quyet hogc neu dieu nay la can thidt de bdo vp dgo due xa hpi hoac gia dinh va cudc sdng ca nhan cua con ngudi hoac khi can bdo vp cdc quyen Igi cua tre vi thanh nien, ngn nhan, nhan chung hogc thdm phdn.
3. Mpt s6 khuyen nghi hoan thipn phap luat Mpt Nam gdp phan bao vp bi n i | t ciia ca nhan
Tren ca sd nghien cuu phdp ludt eiia mpt sd qudc gia ve bao vp dft lipu ca nhan va so sanh, ddi chieu vdi phap luat thyc djnh cua Vipt Nam, tac gia dua ra mpt so khuyen nghj nham hoan thi^n phdp lugt Vipt Nam ve van de nay nhu sau;
Thur nhat, phap lugt qudc te chii trpng tdi vipc bdo ve dft lipu, thdng tin ciia ed nhan, theo dd, nguyen tde ciia bdo v? dft lipu cd nhdn la moi ngudi deu cd the ty quyet dinh la ngudi nao, khi nao vd dft lieu ca nhdn nao eiia minh dugc phep cho ngudi khac xem. Kem theo do la cdc quy tac, quy dinh mang yeu td "ky thuat" chuyen nganh cao, 6^ bipt cd y nghia trong mdi trudng mgng hipn nay. Phap limt qudc te vdi xu hudng tgp trung bdo vp ca nhan vdi nhung quyen ca ban cua hg, lay con ngudi la trung tdm ndn trang bi nhieu quyen, cy the quyen ciia hg ciing nhu trdch nhiem ciia cdc chu the cd lien quan. Ve phia luat Viet Nam, mdc du da dugc xay dyng vdi tinh than chung de bao vp thdng tin cd nhdn, bi mat ca nhdn, nhung tren thyc te, ve mat chinh sdch phap ludt, chua cd mgt quy djnh cy the, chinh thiic ve "ddi sdng rieng tu, bi m3it ca nhdn, bi mat gia dinh" cftng nhu nhftng gidi hgn cua cac thdng tin nay. Chinh vi vgy, hodn thipn h? thdng vdn ban hudng dan phap lugt cy the nhftng vdn de thdng tin ddi sdng rieng tu, bi mat ca nhdn, bi mat gia dinh trong thdi gian tdi la dieu het siic quan
Ddn chCi & Phdp lu^t I
(Xiuan&mh '3'y.
S 6 1 (334) - 2O20trpng.
Thii- hai, khoan 3 Dieu 26 Lugt An ninh mgng nam 2018 ciia Vict Nam yeu cau cdc cdng ty phdi luu dft lieu d Viet Nam, nhung GDPR khdng bdt bupc phai luu du lieu d chau Au, miin sao du li?u dugc luu d mot qudc gia dat tieu chudn an toan dft lieu. Hien tai cd 13 qudc gia nam trong danh sdch nay, trong do cd Hoa Ky, neu ben nhgn dft lieu dam bao dugc tieu chuan Privacy Shield^. Cdc cdng ty cdng nghe ldn ciia Hoa Ky nhu Amazon, Facebook, Google, Microsoft... deu dat chuan Privacy Shield.
Phap lugt Chau Au khdng yeu cau cae cdng ty nay phai luu dft lieu d Chau Au, ma hg c6 the luu d Hoa Ky hoac d cac nude khac dat chudn. Tac gia cho rang, quy dinh phap luat va van ban hudng dan cua Viet Nam can cd sy tham van ky ludng de mdt mgt bao vc tdt nhat quyen lgi cua ngudi diing - cdng ddn Viet Nam, mdt mat khdng lam kho, di ngugc lai nhftng thdng 16 chung cua qudc tc. Tren thyc te, khi cac cdng ty ldn ve cdng ty bj rai vao tinh huong
"kho xii" hg cung co the cd nhung ddng thai khdng thyc sy tdt, co the lam anh hudng tieu cue nhieu hon den nude sd tai''.
Tha- ba., GDPR khdng cd bat ky dieu lugt nao yeu cau cac cdng ty phai cung cap dft lieu ciia ngudi dan chau An cho Nghi vien chau Au hay Chinh phu cac nude thanh vien, vi bao ve rieng tu cua ngudi dan, trudc tien la khdng chuyen dft lipu cho chinh phu, neu khong co Ipnh ciia Tda an.
Trach nhiem ciia chinh phii la giiip ngudi dan bdo vp du lieu, nhung du lieu van thupc sd hftu ciia ngudi dan, chii chinh phu khdng cd quyen ty y qudc hull hda du lieu ciia dan chiing. Trong khi GDPR yeu cau cac cdng ty phai cd trach nhiem bdo vc dft lieu ciia ngudi dan chau Au va cung cap cdng cu de ngirdi dan kiem soat dft lieu cua chinh hg.
Luat An ninh mgng Viet Nam yeu cau cdc cdng ty phai cung cap dft lieu cho Bd Cdng an, ma khdng cd sy ki£m soat ciia tda an hay bdt ky thd chd dOc lap nao. Dieu 26 Ludt An ninh mgng nam 2018 quy djnh: Xdc thyc thdng tin khi ngudi diing ddng ky tai khodn sd; bao mat thdng tin, tai khoan eiia ngudi dimg; cung cdp thdng tin ngudi diing cho lye lugng chuyen trdch bao v? an ninh mgng thudc Bd Cdng an khi co yeu cdu bdng van ban de phyc vy diiu tra, xu ly hanh vi vi phgm phdp ludt ve an ninh mgng.
Tac gid cho rdng, cdn cd vdn ban hudng dan cy thi quy trinh, thii tyc chat che de co quan tryc thuoc Bp Cdng an dugc quyen can thipp, tiep cgn thdng tin cua cdc cd nhdn dgc biet la tai khoan sd, tai khoan ngudi diing cung nhu thdng tin ngudi diing khac.
Ben cgnh dd, can cd co che ddc lap de kiem soat cdc ndi dung nay, trdnh tinh trgng de that thoat thdng tin, anh hudng den cdng dan va rgng hon la niem tin du ludn, xd hgi.
Thu" tw, tren tat cd, vipc moi cd nhan ty y thirc bao v? thdng tin, bi mat cd nhdn ciia minh trong mdi trudng mang la rdt quan trgng. Thyc te cho thay, thdi gian qua, y thuc an toan thdng tin tgi Vi?t Nam van cdn nhieu hgn che^. Nhftng vy viec cac cdng ty Vipt Nam bj cac hacker tan cdng, chiem thdng tin ngudi diing va gay tdn that vd kinh te da khdng cdn qud xa Ig vdi chiing ta. Chinh vi vgy, trong thdi gian tdi, cdng tdc tuyen truyen, nang cao y thuc bdo vp thdng tin bi mat cua cdng ddn can dugc ddy mgnh, trang bj kidn thiic va giiip hp chd dpng bao v? thdng tin dJic bipt trong cdc giao dich dien tit hipn nay. Ddng thdi, cae ca quan chuc nang cd lien quan cdn chii dpng bao v? tdm xa, tdm trang cung nhu ludn cd nhftng dgng thai phu hgp hudng tdi bdo vp thdng tin bi mat cd nhan trong ky nguyen cdng nghe sd Q
I Ddn chCi & Phdp lu$t
OCuan ^aith ^g. 861(334)-2020
/. Xem thim tgi https://privacyinternational.org/explainer/41/101-data-protection?jbcUd=
lwARlUIsICaO\vNhjkEy/VDlg}6uCZE_BItgQvjjlj2GoMq3G0388peRxXW-Y.
2. Xem them tgi http://www.oecd.org/sti/ieconomy/privacy.htmMewguidelines.
3. Xem thong lin chinh thdc tgi https://ec.europa.eu/commission/priorities/justice-and-fimdQmental-rights/data- pivtection/20!S-refomj-eu-data-prolection-rules.
4. Xem Chapter 3, 4, 5 ciia GDPR tgi https://gdpr-info.eu.
5. Xem loan vdn tgi https;//\\nv\\\riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/512112013011/consollde.
6. Xem tgi http.s://\nvw.privacyshield.gov/welcome.
7. Xem them tgi https://vietlimes.vn/facebook-lach-luat-gdpr-day-dU'lieu-cua-15-ty-nguoi-dung-ra-khoi-chau- au-I70758.hlml.
8. Xem them tgi: https://baomoi.com/y-thuc-an-toan-thong'tin-tai-viet-nam-van-con-rat-han-che/c/28520374.epi
Hoat dgng giam sat cua nOi dai bieu...
(Tiep theo trang 15)3.S. Ket hpp tot giira cite hlnh thOv glim sit, phtrovg thuv giam sit; givra glim sit vi khao sat Ho^t d$ng giam sit cua HQND c6 gi^m sH t^i k^
hgp (xem x6t cdc bao do, ch^t vSn, iSy phieu tin nhi$m...) vi gidm sat giOa hai i<^ hgp thdng qua hoat dOng gicim sdt cua cdc chu thS cu thi. Cdn ci> vdo d$c diem, nOi dung gidm sat CO giam sat chung vd gidm sdt chuyen de. Can ci> vao each thCrc giam sdt c6 gidm sdt qua van ban, gidm sdt thdng qua idm viec tn/c tiip cdc d6i ttfg'ng gidm sdt. Bdn canh dd, trong qud trinh gidm sdt, de CO cdi nhin khach quan, sdu sac, todn di$n thi chd the gidm sdt cd thi tiln hdnh cdc hoat d$ng khdo sdt nhdm cd them thdng tin. Vigc kit hifp tit giOa cdc hinh thO'c vd phuong thirc gidm sdt, gil}a gidm sdt vdi khao sdt... giCip cho hoat dgng gidm sdt cOa HDND vCra bao qudt, vOa chuyen sdu, nang cao hieu li/c vd hi^u qua hoat dong gidm sd^. NhOng vin d l quan trgng dugc phdt hign qua hoat dgng gidm sdt gKra hai ky hgp neu dugc du'a ra thdo iugn, chit vin, cin thilt thi ra nghi quyit tai ky hgp Idm cho ky hgp sdt vdi t h ^ Uen hon, hoat dgng cua HDND higu qud hon.
3.6. Bio t;o, l)6l dirSng, ning cao trinh Sf, ning lyv cho nO' i^l biiu H^l ting nhSn din
D l tdng cudng hi^u qud hoai <I(n9 9i^m sdt thi cin chu tnjng cdng tdc ddo tao, bli dirdrng cho tCrng dgi biiu HDND. Vd'l d$c dllm nO gidi Id thudng bj chi phii vd ddnh nhllu thdi gian hon nam gidi trong vigc chdm sdc gia dinh, con cdi. Hon nfra, d^c dllm tdm sinh ly, sdc khde ctla nd gidi, d | tuii Idm vi$c cQng khdc vdi nam gidi. VI vdy, d l bdo ddm hi$u qud hoat dOng cua nd gidi Id dai biiu HDND, cin chCi y hon trgng vi^c bdo dim nhdng dllu kifn cin thilt phCi hgfp vdi nd gidi d l hg cd co h|l hgc t Jp, ndng cao trinh (U) tuong xdng vdi nam gidi nhim phdt huy tit nhit nhdng thi manh cGa nd gidi trong hoat d|ng cOa minh a
1. Bai vi4t ndy thudc pham vi nghi§n ctiu ciia £)l tii cip 8d "Ning cao chit /ugng vi ht^u qui hoat ddng cOanHdal bf^u (/dn cd tmng hoat ddng cOacicccf quan din ci^dVi^
Nam'do TS. Tiin VSn TOy • Tniing Ban Cdnj lie dai biiu tint chu nhi$m.
