HQI NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH THAl vA TAI NGUYgN SINH VAT LAN THLf 5
DAC D I £ M HINH THAI
NONG NOC LOAI Ranajohnsi Smith, 1921
HOANG NGQC THAO Trucmg Dgi hgc Vinh LE THI QUY Vien Sinh thdi vd Tdi nguyen sinh vgt.
Vien Hdn lam Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe Viel Nam
Loai Hiu hiu Ranajohnsi dugc md ta nam 1921 bdi M.A. Smith. Cho d£n nay d Viet Nam day la loai duy nhat thugc gidng Rana Linnaeus, 1758. Day la loai cd phan bd kha rdng, tren the gidi, Ioai nay cd d Trung Qudc, viing lanh thd Dai Loan, Lao, Thai Lan va Campuehia. O Viet Nam da gap d nhieu vung trong ca nude.
Bai bao nay din ra d^c diem hinh thai va cac giai doan phat trien ndng ngc ciia loai Rana johnsi dya tren phan tich cac mau vat thu dugc d Vudn Qudc gia (VQG) Pu Mat va Khu Bao t6n thien nhien (KBTTN) Pii Hudng (Nghe An).
L PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ
Phan tich 20 mau thu d Khe Kem, huyen Con Cudng, thugc dja ph?n VQG Pii Mat va xa Chau Cudng (thugc KBTTN Pii Huong), Nghe An. Mau v^t dugc bao quan trong dung djch hdn hgp gdm formol 10% va cdn 70* vdi ty le 50: 50 t^i Phdng Thi nghiem Ddng vat, Khoa Sinh hgc, Trudng D^i hgc Vinh.
Dinh loai ndng ngc ciia loai dua vao tai lieu cua Bourret R. (1942). Ten phd thdng va ten khoa hgc cua loai theo Nguyen Van Sang vd cs. (2009). Phan tich dac diem hinh thai ndng ngc theo Grosjean S. (2001); xac dinh cac giai doan phat trien cua ndng ngc theo Gosner (1960).
Cac chi tieu hinh thiii dugc do bing thudc kep dien tir ed do chinh xac den 0,01mm dudi kinh lup dien tu soi noi. Cac ky hieu: bl. Dai than; bh. Cao than; bw. Rdng than; ed. Dai mat;
ht. Cao dudi; If. ChiSu cao Idn nhit nep dudi vay dudi; nn. Khoang each 2 mQi; np. Khoang each mat-miji; odw. Rgng mieng; pp. Khoang each giCra hai mat; m. Khoang each tir mm den mSm; ss. Khoang each ttr Id thd den mdm; su. Khoang each mut mom-nep tren vay dudi; tl.
Chieu dai tir mut mom-dudi; tail. Chieu dai dudi; uf. ChiSu cao ldn nhat nip tren vay dudi; vt.
Chilu dai bung-miit dudi; tmh. Chilu cao eo dudi; tmw. Day dudi; fl. Dai chi trudc; hi. Dai chi sau; svl. chieu dai mom-bung; LTRF. Cdng thirc rang.
IL KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ
1. Dac diem hinh thai nong noc loai Ranajohnsi Smith, 1921 Ten pho thong: Hiu hiu.
Mdu vat; 20 mau, d cac giai doan 31, 35, 36, 37,38, 39, 40 va 42 ngay tudi.
Bac diem dinh loai:
Dau va than nhin lir tren cd hinh oval, hai dep theo hudng tren dudi. Mat trung binh, nhin ro tu phia tren. Mieng rdng, nam d phia trudc dudi. Gai thit khdng hoan toan, vien hai ben va phia dudi, mdi dudi cd 1 hang gai thjt, dang trdn, nhd. Bao ham trung binh, cd khia rang cua yeu. Cdng thuc rang LTRF: I (4+4)/(! + l)IV. Lo mui dang trdn nam gan mut mdm
HQl NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C Vg SINH T H A I V A T A I N G U Y E N SINH VAT L A N T H D J
hon mat; lo thd dan ben trai. Co dudi trung binh, miit dudi nhgn. Ddu va than cd mau nau, dudi nhat mau hon.
Mo td (dua tren mau d giai doan 35-40):
Diu va than nhin tu phia tren cd hinh oval, than hoi d?p theo hudng tren dudi, chieu dai than bang 1,67 lan chieu rdng than (bl/bw: 1,6-1,74) va bang 2,06 ISn chieu cao than (bl/bh:
1,87-2,29). Mat trung binh, d phia tren; dudng kinh mat bang 0,14 lan chilu dai than (ed/bl:
0,11-0,18). Mdm trdn. Lo mui dgng trdn, nam gSn mut mdm hem mat, khoang each mui-mdm bang 0,4 lin khoang each giua mui-mat (m/np: 0,31 -0,48). Gian mui hep, khoang each giiia hai mui bang 0,48 lan khoang each gi&a hai mat (nn/pp: 0,44-0,52).
Ld thd ben trai, hudng ra sau va len tren, nSm gan lo md ciia dng hau mdn hon mut mom, khoang each tu miit mom den Id thd bang 0,66 lan chilu dai tir miit mdm den Id md ciia dng hau mdn (ss/svl: 0,62-0,70) va bing 0,67 ian dai than (ss^l: 0,64-0,69). Ld md ciia dng hiiu mdn nim ben phai va hudng ra phia sau.
Co dudi trung binh, chilu cao ldn nhat co dudi bang 0,55 lan chieu cao ldn nhat ciia than (tmh/bh: 0,49-0,63) va bang 0,48 lin chilu cao dudi (tmh/ht: 0,41-0,59). Vay dudi trung binh cao hon than mgt chiit, chieu cao dudi Idti nhat bang 1,17 Ian chieu cao than (ht/bh: 0,96-1,32).
Chieu cao nep tren vay duoi bang 0,35 lan chieu cao dudi (uf/ht: 0,31-0,41); chieu cao nep dudi vay dudi bang 0,29 lan chieu cao dudi (If/ht: 0,27-0,35); nep tren vay dudi nam phia tren goc dudi, khoang each tir miit mdm din nip tren vay dudi bang 0,93 lan chieu dai than (su/bl: 0,88- 1,03). Miit dudi nhgn.
Bia mieng: Dia mieng rgng, hudng trudc dudi, chieu rgng dTa mieng bang 0,45 Ian chieu rdng than (odw/bw: 0,31 -0,50) va bing 0,27 lan chilu dai than (odw^I: 0,18-0,33). Gai thjt viin hai ben va phia dudi dia mieng, gai thit dang trdn, nhd. Gai thjt viin ben nhilu hon I hang, gai thit vien dudi 1 hang. Bao ham cd kich thudc trung binh. Bao ham tren cong hinh cung, nhd hem bao ham dudi mdt chiit; bao ham dudi day hon bao ham tren, viin dudi bao ham tren va bao ham dudi cd khia rang cua yeu.
Hinh I. Dia mieng nong ngc cda hiu hiu Ranajohnsi
Cong thirc rang LTRF: I (4+4y(l+I)lV: Mdi tren cd 5 hang rSng sirng, hang diu tien nguyen, dai nhit, cong va dai hon viin mdi tren mgt chut; 4 hang tiep theo la hang chia, hang chia thir nhat each nhau ho|c tilp xuc vdi nhau d phia tren bao ham tren, 3 hang chia tiep theo
HQI NGH! KHOA HOC T O A N Q U O C V E SINH THAl VA TAl NGUYgN SINH VAT LAN THQ- 5 ngin dan va dugc phan each nhau bdi bao ham tren. Mdi dudi 5 hang rang trong dd eo 4 hang nguyen nim phia ngoai dai gin bing nhau va mdt hang chia trong ciing ngan ban va gin cham nhau d dudi bao ham dudi.
Mdu sde bdo qudn: Trong dung dich bao quan: Mat tren dau va than mau nau, phia bung tiing dye. Vay va co dudi mau trang due.
Ty Ie cae phin co the cua ndng ngc loai Hiu hiu Ranajohnsi dugc trinh bay d bang 1.
Ty le cac chi tieu hinh thai nong noc cua Ranajohnsi (n = 20)
\ , ^ ^ GO
bl/bh bVbw bl/lal blffl tal/bl tam bw/bh ht/bh tmh/bh Imh/tit uf/ht If/ht uf/lf ed/bl pp/nn nn/pp m/np ss/bl ss/svl su^l odw/bl odw/bw bw/bl
bl/hl 31 2.12 1,64 0,60
1.67 2,86 1,29 1.24 0.61 0.41 0.41 0.35 1.16 0,11 2.30 0.44 0.40 0.67 0.62 0.94 0.33 0.55 0.61
35 2.03 1.60 0.54
1.86 2,87 1,27 1.32 0.58 0.44 0.34 0,28 1,20 0.13 1.91 0.52 0,41 0.69 0,68 0,89 0,31 0,50 0.62 4.78
36 2.00 1.66 0.63
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1.90 3.0S 1.20 1.23 0.58 0.47 0.31 0.27 1.13 0.14 2,08 0.48 0.43 0.68 0.66 0.94 0.27 0.45 0.60 2.16
37 2.07 1.71 0.57
1.74 3.05 1.21 1,18 0.52 0.44 0.33 0.30 1.09 0.13 1.99 0.50 0.40 0.66 0.65 0.88 0.26 0.45 0.58 1.80
38 2.04 1.72 0.52
1,92 3,33 1.19 1.18 0.49 0.42 0,32 0.25 1.29 0.12 2.04 0,49 0,37 0.66 0.66 0.93 0.27 0.47 0.58 1.35
39 2.06 1.62 . 0,52
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1,93 3.56 1.27 1.12 0,67 0,51 0,33 0.24 1.38 0.14 1.98 0.50 0.48 0.64 0.63 0.95 0.28 0.45 0.62 1.08
40 1.87 1.62 0.51
1,95 3,81 1.15 0.96 0.66 0,59 0,38 0,32 1.18 0.14 2,12 0,47 0.31 0.69 0.70 0.91 0.27 0.44 0,62 1,00
42 2.29 1,74 0,47 2,21 2,14 4,42 1.32 1.11 0.63 0.57 0.38 0,28 1,36 0.18 2.22 0.45 0,40
1.03 0.18 0.31 0,57 0,71
TB 2.06 1.67 0,53 2,21 1,89 3,37 1,24 1,17 0,55 0.48 0.35 0.29 1.23 0.14 2.08 0,48 0,46 0,67 0.66 0.93 0.27 0.45 0.60 1,84
mx
0.03 0.01 0.01 0,00 0,03 0,13 0,01 0,03 0.01 0.02 -0,01 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.34 Ghi chii: Ky hieu s6 do xem 6 phin phuang phap.
HQI NGHj KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C Vg SINH THAI V A T A I NGUYgN SINH VAT L A N TH(/5_
2. Nhan xet
Su biln doi hmh thai va mau sic: CJ giai doan dau cua qua trinh biln thai, ndng ngc toan than cd mau den sam, ca the dang hinh bau dye. Din din trong qua trinh phat trien mau sac tro nen nhat dan, hinh dang eung bien ddi.
Giai doan ehi sau: Than cd mau nau nhat, mau d co va vay dudi nhat hem. Ndng noc co dang hinh biu due, chua hinh thanh nepben (hinh 2.1,2.2). Cudi giai doan chi sau: Mat tren ciia chi xuat hien cac vach ngang mau nau sam (hinh 2.2).
Chuyin sang giai do?n ehi trudc (hinh 2.3): Than mau nau nhat hem. HJnh thanh gd mom, da xuat hi?n nip ben. GiOa hai mat cd v?t ngang sam mau, tren lung cd v?t sam hinh chd V dinh hudng ve trudc. Chi sau cd cac vet ngang mau nau sam.
Khi ndng ngc nhay len bd: Nep ben da hinh thanh gd ro rang (hinh 2.4, 2.5).
Giai doan hoan thien biln thai (hinh 2.6, 2.7): Con non cd hinh dang gan nhu con trudng thanh, nep ben rit ro, tren giua lung hinh thanh gd ndi hinh chu- V ngay vj tri eiia vet mau nau sam. Da sin, tren lung ndi mgt sd h^t ldn han. Chua cd vet den sam d viing mang nhT nhu con trudng thanh.
Hmh 2. Hmh dgng nong ngc Ranajohnsi
. Giai doan 31; 2. Giai doan 39; 3. Giai dogn 42; 4. Giai do?n 43; 5. Giai dogn 45, 6 va 7. Giai dogn 46.
HOI NGH! KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH T H A I VA T A I NGUYgN SINH VAT L A N THU 5
m. KET LUAN
Ndng ngc loai Ranajohnsi cd dac dilm than hinh oval, hai dep tren dudi. Mieng rgng, nim d phia trudc. Gai thit khdng hoan toan, vien hai ben va phia dudi, mdi dudi cd 1 hang. Bao ham tnmg binh, cd khia rang cua yeu. LTRF: l(4+4)/(I+l)lV. Ld mui gin miit mom hon mit; lo thd dan ben trii. Ca dudi trung binh, miit dudi nhgn.
Hinh dang va mau sic loai bien ddi trong qua trinh bien thai: Mau sac chuyen tir den (giia dogji mim chi) va nhat mau hon td giai do^n chi sau. Gd mdm va nep ben xuat hien d giai doan chi trudc va thanh gd rd khi nhay len bd (giai doan 43). Giai doan hoan thien bien thai, con non CO hinh dang nhu trudng thanh; Nip ben, gd tren lung hinh chii V rd, da san.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
I Bourret R., 1942. Les Bafi-iciens de I'lndochine. Gouv. Gen. Indoch, Hanoi, 517 pp.
2. Gosner K. L., 1960. Herpetologica, 16 (3): 183-190.
3. Grosjean S.,20Q\. Zoosystema, 23 (I): 143-156.
4. McDiamld R. W., Altig R., 1999. Tadpoles, The biology of anuran larvare. The University of Chicago Press. Chicago and London, 444 pp.
5 Sang N. V., Cue H. T., Truong N. T., 2009. Herpetofauna of Vietnam. Edilion Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, p. 380-382,
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICTS OF TADPOLES OF Ranajohnsi Smith, 1921
HOANG NGOC THAO, LE THl QUY
SUMMARY
Characteristic Rana Johnsi features are as follows: body oval, slightly depressed. Eyes of moderate size, visible from above. Oral disk anteroventraliy positioned, laterally and posteriorly bordered by marginal papillae Lower labium with one row of marginal papillae. Keratodont row formula' I (4+4)/(1+1)IV. Jaw sheaths black, and slightly senated. Tail musculature moderate, pointy tn tip.
In the metamorphosis, tapdpoies of Rana johnsi change the color and the shape. Appear the skin folds in lateral, burrs on the back; body color gradual transition from black to brown