Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o
NHU'NG TIEN BO KHOA HOC CONG NGHE t r o n g t h o n g g i o v a t h o a t nUAc m o
Increasing underground coal output has made the mines come down more and more deeply with many risks.
After providing the present situation of underground ventilation and drainage works in Vinacomin with the existing solutions, the paper suggests some ideas on the ventilation and drainage tasks for the near future.
TS. LE VAN THAO
Tap doan CN Than - Khoang san VN
/ ' ^ y rong 5 nam trd lai day,
<of san x u l t than g Tap doan Vinacomin dat t i e dp tang tru'dng binh quan tCr 15 - 20%/nam. Trong dd, than khai thae h i m Id chilm ty trpng ngay cang eao trong t i n g s l than nguyen khai hang nam.
Viec tang nhanh san lu'gng lam cac md h i m Id phai huy dpng t l i da cae khu v y c ed t h i tham gia san lu'gng.
NhQ'ng gLrcng Id dai, gu'ong Id ca gidi hoa x u l t hien ngay cang n h i l u d nhQ'ng dan vj khai thac than h i m Id do md khai thae x u I n g sau va xa han.
1. Ve thong gio mo him Id:
liy thye t l tren, nhQ'ng md h i m Id ed san lu'gng du'di 200.000 tin/nam, thdi gian t i n tai du'di 5 nam h l u h i t du'gc huy dpng. Cac tram quat gid ehinh chu y l u dung cac loai quat cue bd cd ma hieu JBT 62-2 cua Trung Q u i c hoae BM, CBM eua LB Nga ed edng s u i t m i l quat tu- 14 - 30KW ghep song song tu- 02 -^ 04 quat d m i l tram lam quat gid ehinh d l thdng gid eho cac Id chg. Cac gu'ong Id dai thi ghep n i i t i l p nhilu quat d l thdng gid cho gu'ong Id. Vdi viec thyc hien tren.
hieu s u i t thdng gid kem, tieu t i n dien nang, d i l u kien vi khi hau trong cac gu'ong Id nhilu noi khdng dam bao yeu c l u theo quy djnh an toan. Thyc trang tren ddi hdi cdng tac thdng gid eho eae md h i m Id c i n cd bu'dc chuyin biln tich cyc ve khoa hpc edng nghe, tang cu'dng d i u tu' trang thilt bj thdng gid d l cac tram quat gid ehinh cd he thing dao chilu, cac quat cyc bd cd lu'u lu'gng, ha ap Idn d l thdng gid cho nhCrng gu-ong Id dai nham c l p du gid sach cho cae gLJ'ong Id va dam bao yeu c l u theo quy djnh cua "Quy pham an toan khai thac than va diep thach 14.06.2006";
Dk thao go nhQ'ng b i t cap tren, hon 3 nam qua, sau khi nghien eCru tai lieu, tham quan ca sd san xult, Phdng Thdng gid (Ban Thdng gid &
Thoat nu'dc md) lya ehpn loai quat gid chinh Ma hieu BDII, FBDCZ do Trung Q u i c san x u l t r i t phu hgp cho eae md nhd, cd thgi gian t i n tai khdng dai d l thay t h i cac tram quat gid chLra ed he thing dao chilu. U'u d i l m cua loai quat mgi la viee l i p dat, thi cdng dgn gian, khi dac chilu gid chi e i n dao chieu dpng eg dien, khdng c i n lam nha d l ehe
quat, dien nang tieu thu it, lu'u lu'gng gid tang hon 2 l l n sc vdi loai quat eu cung cdng suit... D l i vdi cae gu'ong Id dai lya chpn cae loai quat FBD do Trung Q u i c san x u l t hoac loai quat W M - 7 / 1 eua LB Nga nhilu e l p cd t h i thdng gid cho nhQ'ng gu'ong Id dai d i n 1000 met. Cac loai quat tren cd u'u d i l m la dien nang tieu thy it, ha ap tang hon 1,5 l l n , chi phi lap dat, duy tu it do khdng phai l i p n i i t i l p nhilu quat...
Sau khi t h i y rd nhQ'ng uu viet cua eae loai quat tren,Tap doan da chi dao, tu' v i n eho cac don vi thanh vien triin khai d i u tu" lap dat thay t h i cac tram quat gid chinh chu'a cd he thing dao chilu d cac md nhd, d i u tLr cac quat da e l p k i t hgp vdi I n g gid m i m ed du'dng kinh tren 700 mm chp cac gu'ong Id dai vdi m i i gu'ong Id ehi dung 01 quat.
Sau hon 3 nam ap dyng,
•tit ea cac mc than h i m Id d i u triin khai ap dung cae lcai quat gid tren. Tinh d i n h i t nam 2010 da d i u tu', lap dat thay t h i cu'gc 58 tram quat gid ehinh co he t h i n g dao chilu, nang t i n g s l cac tram quat gid chinh trong toan Tap
KHCNM SO 6/2011* NGHIEN CUU TRAO DOI
Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o
doan len 74 tram, mua mdi 236 quat cue bp da c l p cd lu-u lu'gng, ha ap Idn trang bj cho t i t ca eae gu'ong Id dai. Viec d i u tLF d l i mdi v l ky thuat edng nghe trong thdi gian qua da dap Crng nhu c l u tang san lugng khai thac d cac mc h i m Id; eai thien t i t cac ehi tieu v l vi khi hau, tang lu-u lugng gid tai cac gLi'ong Id giam thilu cac vu tich ty khi va nguy co ehay n l do khi gay ra, tilt kiem ehi phi, giam gia thanh. Chi tinh rieng viec tieu thy dien nang cua eae quat giam da t i l t kiem duge tren 5 ty ding/nam, bao dam an toan b i n vQ'ng trong khai thae md h i m Id.
2. Ve thoat nw&c md him Id:
Trong 10 nam qua, Vinacomin da triin khai nhilu giai phap an toan lao dpng d t i t ca cac ITnh vyc. C6ng tae An toan BHLD trong toan Tap doan Vinacomin n6i ehung va trong khii san xult than n6i rieng da ed nhilu chuyin biln tieh cyc, eae vy tai nan lao dpng va sy e l da giam nhilu, song, v i n chua ehlm dCrt dugc cac vu sy c l gay tai nan lao dpng mang tinh tham hoa.
Mpt trong eae dang tham hoa dd la sy e l bye nLi-dc md h i m Id gay tai nan nghiem trpng.
Cac VU sw CO buc nw&c nghiem trong tu' nam 2006 ^ 2009
Vao hoi 18h00 ngay 31/3/2006: Bue nu'dc tai Id ban xuyen thong gi6 mu'c +10/+16 Via 11.11 khu VQ Mdn -Cong ty than Mong Du-ong.
Dang bye nLJ'dc tCi' 16 cQ lam 04 ngudi thiet mang;
Vao hbi 0h30 ngay 23/01/2007: Bye nu'dc tai Id thugng mCrc -I-200/+250 Via 12 Nam Xi nghiep Khai thac than 86 T i n g Cong ty Ddng Ble. Dang buc nudc tu" 16 cQ lam 02 ngu'di thiet mang.
Vao hdi 10h30 ngay 13/03/2007:Buc nu'dc tai Id dpc via than mCre +40 Via 11 Xi nghiep than Hoanh B l - Cong ty than Ha Long. Dang bye nudc tu' 16 cQ lam 02 ngu'di thiet mang.
Vao hdi 06h20 ngay 01/10/2009: Bye nude tai Id chg mCpc -65/-35 Via 8 Canh Nam Xi nghiep than Thanh Cdng - C6ng ty than H6n Gai.
Dang bye nude tCi' doi khe nCrt tach ldp phia tren ndc Id chg lam 04 ngudi thiet mang.
Cac loai hinh doi twang chiea nw&c anh hwang den san xuit trong Id
Cae d l i lu'gng chCfa nu'dc tren b l mat dja hinh bao g i m : nudc ao, h i , sdng, suli, muong, mang va nuac biln;
nu'dc trong cae moong khai thac Id via ( k l ea nudc tang trQ' trong cac moong khai thac 16 via da dugc lip); nude tang tru' trong Idng cac bai thai, cac vung Idm bj b l i tich, cac khe nCrt, cae vung syt lun tren b l mat dia hinh ...
Nuac ao, hd, song, suoi, muang, mang: Suoi Van Loi (C6ng ty than Mao Khe), anh hu'dng d i n khu khai thae Tay Bae I, Tay Ble It; S u l i Bang Nau (XN than Cam thanh - Cdng ty than Ha Long), anh hLfong d i n dien khai thac Via 13-1; H i Yen Lap anh hudng
d i n khu md thude Xi nghiep than Thang Long - T i n g Cdng ty Ddng B l e tir mCre +28 trd xulng...
Nuac trong cac moong khai thac lg via (ke ca cac mggng da dugc lap: Khu vyc Id chg 7-11 (Cdng ty 45 - T i n g Cong ty D6ng Ble) n i m du'di va each day moong 16 thien Via 7, Via 8 da khai thac tu' 50 -^ 60 met; Ld chg TT-13- 2 via 13 khu Trung tam mCre +0/+20 (Cdng ty than Duong Huy) nam du'di va each day moong Id thien Via 14 da khai thac tCi' 40 H- 50 met; Cac du'dng Id ehuin bj san xult (CBSX) khu 11.11 (Congty CP than Mdng Duong) nam dudi va each day moong Id thien Via 11.11 da khai thac tu' 10 -^
30 met...
Nugc tang trO' trgng long cac bai thai, cac vung ldm bi bdi tich, cac vung sut lun:
Khu vyc Via 8 VQ Mdn (Cong ty CP than Mong Duong) nam dudi g i m bai thai Cao Son, each dja hinh g l c tu' 20 j 25 met; khu vyc Ble Cpc sau (Xi nghiep than Tan Lap - Cdng ty than Ha Long) n i m toan bp du'di g i m bai thai Ble Cpc Sau vdi chilu day d i t da thai tu' 5 0 + 1 2 0 met; Khu vyc Via 5 khu II canh ga Ddng Vang Danh (Cty than Dong Vdng - C6ng ty than Udng Bi) n i m du'di g i m bai thai trong Via 5 do Xi nghiep than Bao Dai d l thai.
Cae d l i tu-gng chCra nydc dudi ldng d i t bao gom: nudc trong Id cu; nu'dc trong cac khoang tring, khe nCrt tach
KHCNM SO 6/2011* NGHIEN CUU TRAO DOI
Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o
ldp cua vung dit da sap d l , djch ehuyin phia tren Id chg;
nu'dc trong cac dja ting chu'a va lu'u din nu'dc (cae dja ting la san kit, cudi kit...); nu'dc trong cac phay pha, dd't gay dja chit; nu'dc trong cac tui nu'dc ngim, nu'dc trong cac Id khoan tham dd dja chit chLca du'gc lip kin; nLcgc trong cac him chu'a nu'dc cua cae tram bom chinh, tram bom khu vyc...
Nuoc trong Id cu: Hau het cac mo deu chiu anh huang cQa nuoc trong Id cu dual cac dang nhu sau: Trong Id cu eua cae ting, eae via da khai thac phia tren, phia du'di khu vyc khai thac, dao Id; trong cae Id cQ khai thae trai phep, 16 cQ cua phap da khai thac;
Trcng cac 16 cQ cua cac via, cac md lan can ...
Nuoc trong cac khoang trong, khe nut cua vung dat da sap do, dich chuyen; nuac trong khoang tring, khe nCrt tach Idp tren vach eo ban eua Id chg Via 8 Ddng Bac mCrc -65/-35 (Xi nghiep than Thanh Cong - Cdng ty than Hdn Gai); nu'dc trong khoang tring, khe nCpt tach Idp tren vach CO ban cua Id chg Via 9 Dong mCpc -80/-25 (Cdng ty than Mao Khe)...
Nuoc trgng cac dia tang chua va luu dan nuac (cac dja tang la san ket, cudi ket..): Hau hit cac md diu ehiu anh hu'dng cua dang nu'dc du'di I6ng dit nay khi dao cae du'dng 16 xuyen via, dpc via.
Id thu'gng. Id ngam... qua cac dja ting la d^ san kit, cupi kit cd lien thdng vdi dli tugng chCra nu'dc va khai thac cae Id cho ma vach eo ban va cac
Idp dit da tren vach co ban la da san kit, cupi kit cc lien thdng vdi dli tygng chu'a nu'dc.
Nuac trong cac phay pha, dut gay dia chat: Hlu hit eae mc diu chju anh hu'dng cua dli tygng chCra nu'dc dang nay, dae biet la cac phay pha dCrt gay Idn ed lien thdng vdi cac nguIn nu'dc tren b l mat dia hinh (hi, song, suli, moong 16 via...) va eae dli tLpgng ehCra nu'dc du'di Idng dit (cac dja ting ehCra nu'dc, cae Id cQ...). Diln hinh nhLr phay FA d md Mao Khe. Cdng ty than Mao Khe da phli hgp vdi chuyen gia Nhat Ban khean thap hang nghin met khii nu'dc trong phay nay d mCpc -150;Phay FN1 d md than Ding Vong - C6ng ty than U6ng Bi elt qua hlu hit cac suli tren b l mat dja hinh va ed lien thdng vdi cac dCrt gay Idn trong vung nen kha nang tang trQ' nu'dc rit eao...
3. Cac giai phap dang ap dung phong ngCra buc nu'O'c mo him 16
XCr ly anh hu'dng cua cac dli tLfgng chCra nu'dc tren b l mat md bao gim: Chen lip cac khe nut b l mat dja hinh bang dit set hoac dit d l tru'ong lg; san lip, lu len chat vung syt lun, nCrt ne tao dp die thcat nu'dc b l mat; khai thdng ranh dinh, nin ddng chay ra ngoai vung syt lun, vung anh hLpgng din hoat dpng san xult trpng him Id;
d l lai cae try bao ve d l tranh anh hygng cua cae dli tLpgng chCra nydc tren b l mat md din cae edng trinh him Id.
Xu' ly anh hygng cua cac dli tLpgng chCra nu'dc du'di
ldng dit bao gim: Khoan tham dd, khoan thao nu'dc trong him id; khoan cac 16 khoan tu' mat dit quan trie mye nu'dc ngim khu vyc e6 edng trinh ham Id; d l lai cac try bao ve d l tranh anh hu'dng eua cae dli tygng chCra nu'dc du'di long dit; xay dyng cae tyong chin, dap chin nu'dc; Cung c l tit he thing bom, he thing ranh thoat nu'dc trong Id. Trong eae giai phap phdng ngCra bye nu'dc md him Id, cae giai phap XU' ly anh hu'dng eua cac dli lu'gng chCra nu'dc tren b l mat md la can thilt. Cac giai phap nay ehi phi thip nhu'ng hieu qua trong viee ngan chan nu'dc mat b l cap vao trong him Id. Tuy nhien, cac giai phap xu' ly anh hu'dng cua cac dli ttrgng chCra nu'dc du'di Idng dit lai la quan trpng va tryc tilp ngan chan du'gc nguy co xay ra buc nu'dc md him Id. Giai phap quan trpng nhlt trpng nhdm giai phap nay la khpan tham dd thao nu'dc trong ham Id. Day la giai phap dygc phia Nhat Ban ho trg v l ky thuat, thilt bj eung nhu kiln thCre trong ITnh vyc nay.
Giai phap khoan tham dd, thao nu'dc trong him Id:
Khoan tham dd va thao nu'dc md him Id da du'gc ap dyng g nhilu nu'dc tren t h i gidi. Day la giai phap tryc tilp va hieu qua ngan chan nguy co sy e l buc nu'dc md him Id, cho phep khai thae du'gc tai nguyen g trcng vanh dai nguy hilm buc nu'dc. Nganh Than Viet Nam treng nhu-ng nam gin day da cd nhieu quan tam din ITnh vyc nay, tu- vi-iic dau ty thiet bj khoan din viec t l chCrc triin khai thyc hien cong tac khoan tham dd d cac cong ty md him
KHCNM SO 6/2011* NGHIEN CUU TRAO D O I
T h o n g t i n k h o a hpc c o n g n g h e m o
Id va budc dau da dat du'gc nhQ'ng kit qua nhlt dinh.
Cac dang khoan tham dd, thao nu'dc trong h i m Id bao g i m : Khoan tham dd, thao nudc trong cac Id cQ; khoan tham dd, thao nude trong phay pha, dCrt gay; khoan tham dd, thao nu'dc trong eae dia t i n g chCra nu'dc; khoan tham dd, thao nu'dc trong Idng moong 16 via da l i p , trong Idng cac bai thai...; khoan tham dd, thao nu'dc trong eae khoang tring khe nCrt tach ldp trong vung d i t da bj sap d l , dieh ehuyin; khoan quan t r i e ddng thai nu'dc n g i m trong khu vyc khai thac, dao Id tu"
tren mat dit.
4. NhQ'ng v i n d l c i n hoan thien trong khoan tham do phong ngCea buc nu'O'c
Trong nhQ'ng nam g i n day, mac du Tap doan va cac don vj thanh vien da y thCre du'gc t i m quan trpng eua cdng tac khoan tham dd, thao nudc nhim han c h l nguy eo bye nu'dc md h i m Id, tCr dd da cd sy quan tam d i u tu ca v l thilt bi, ky thuat va t l chCre thye hien... Tuy nhien, day la mpt ITnh vyc c6n mdi nen cdn nhilu v i n d l khd khan e i n phai tilp tyc hcan thien cu t h i nhu sau:
- v l lap k l hoach khoan tham dd phdng ngu-a bye nu'dc hang quy, nam bac gom: Lap ban do dja chit thuy van va khoanh vung nguy eo ehCpa nu'dc anh hudng d i n edng trinh mo; lap mat elt theo phuong, mat elt du'ng phai du-gc t h i hien d l y du cac thdng s l (dia hinh, tang dit da. Id
eu,.... va thilt d l b l tri mang 16 khoan); thilt lap mang l l khoan tham dd thao nu-dc, phdng ngu-a buc nu-dc tren eg sg xae djnh vung cd nguy eo bye nu'dc.
- Ve ky thuat khoan: Dpi ngQ e6ng nhan ed kinh nghiem trcng cdng tae khean edn thilu va y l u kem ve ky thuat khean, cy t h i d cac mat:
ky thuat khoan trong vung d i t da sap d l , ky thuat djnh hu-dng 16 khoan, ky thuat ehing I n g , tram l l khoan, ky thuat quan t r i e lu-u lu'gng, ap lyc cpt nude l l khoan, eae bien phap ky thuat an tpan trong qua trinh khoan, cac bien phap xu- ly tinh hulng trong qua trinh khoan: ket chodng, khoan vao eae dja t i n g ed tinh chit phCi-e tap...
- Hien trang thilt bj khpan tham dd, thao nu-dc trong Vinacomin: Trong nhQ'ng nam g i n day, viec d i u tu' mua sam thilt bj khoan tham dd, thao nLJ'dc da du'gc Vinacomin quan tam chf dao cae cac don vj thyc hien. Hien tai d h l u h i t cac edng ty, xi nghiep khai thac than h i m Id da du-gc trang bj eae may khean vdi t i m khoan ngin tu- 6 + 10 met va t i m khoan dai tCr >10 met.
- Cac may khoan hien nay dang su' dyng d cac cdng ty, xi nghiep khai thac h i m Id da s l la loai may khoan xoay nen t i e dp khoan eham, khd khan khi khoan vao dja ting ed dp cCpng d i t da cao hoae dja t i n g ed tinh chit tru-ong Id, han c h l chilu dai khoan cho mpt lo.
- K i t qua thye hien met khoan tham dd, thao nu'dc 9 thang nam 2010 toan Tap dean: Cac 16 khoan tham d6.
thao nu'dc thye hien da thao hang ehue nghin met khii nu'dc tu' cac d l i tu'gng chCra nu'dc trong h i m 16 nhu' sau:
Tai Xi nghiep than Thanh Cdng da khoan thao nu-dc sau s y e l bye nu-dc vao h i i 06h20 ngay 01/10/2009 khu vyc via 8 Canh Nam khu D6ng Binh Minh tu- ngay 11/1/2010 dam bao khai thac an toan; khoan thao nu-dc d Cong ty than Ha L l m tu- thang 12 d i n nay da thao dugc
>27.000m^ nu'dc, bao dam khai thac an toan Khu III - Via 11 Cdng ty CP than Ha L l m ; khoan tham dd va tranh bye nu'dc d Cdng ty than Mao Khe ngay 26/11/2010 tai Id chg ngang nghieng mCrc -65 Via 9 Canh Nam Ddng; Cdng ty than T h i n g Nhlt tai gu-gng Id ga chg tau s l 2 mu-c -140 ngay 4/3/2011 vdi lu-u lugng nu-dc thoat ra g thdi dilm buc nu-dc la 210m^/g; tai Cdng ty than Mdng DLi-ong tai khu II via 11 Canh D6ng vdi lu-u lu-gng nu-dc thoat ra ban d i u la 2880m'/g.
- Met khoan dai (chilu dai 1 l l tu- 2 0 + 1 0 0 met): 39.934 met.
- Met khoan ngan (chilu dai 1 l l tu' 6 + 10 met ):
892.439 met.
Day la k i t qua thyc hien bien phap khpan tham dd thap nu'dc de phdng bye nudc.
Tu- k i t qua tren, yeu c l u cac don vj khai thac than h i m 16 can cu- vae dieu kien md dja c h i t d l y manh hon nO-a trang bj ky thuat, vat tu-, thilt bj d l lam t i t cdng tac ph6ng ngu-a bye nydc./.
KHCNM s o 6/2011* NGHIEN CUU TRAO DOI