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$1/ DLNG DIEN TIET l\IE/H, HIEU CUA TAI CONG $C5 TKEN EIA CAN T I N U CAN NUtlNG CUE TAI CL THE
^ W ^ f c e n ed vai trd quan trpng trong ddi sdng xd hdi vd -r" JimT\g sdn xud't kinh doanh. Xd hdi edng phdttrien thi m^^ nhu cdu sfl dung dien cdng tdng. Thfle te, nguyen lieu de sdn xudt ra ngudn dien khdng phdi luc ndo eung ed sdn vd khdng phdi Id vTnh cflu. Vi le dd, con ngfldi phdi ed ke hogeh khai thdc hdp ly vd sfl dung thdnh qud sou khai thdc mdt edeh tie't kiem, hieu qud. E)dng thdi, cdc cd nhdn, edc td chfle phdi ed trdeh nhiem tim ro ngudn ndng Ifldng mdi thay the cho ngudn ndng lUdng eu dang ngdy edng egn kiet.
C5 Viet Nam hien nay ngudn dien dflde sinh ra ehu yeu tfl thuy dien, than, ddu vd khf. NhUng thfle te cho thdy, thdi tiet thdt thudng, hgn hdn keo ddi, ede hd thuy dien hien dang gdn mfle nfldc chet; ngudn than do khai thde tfl thdi phdp thude qud mfle, khoa hpc ky thudt igc hdu ddn den Idng phf rd't nhieu, theo tfnh todn cua ede nhd khoa hpc thi nUde ta den ndm 2020 phdi nhdp khdu than; Ddu, khf thi ngdy cdng egn kiet theo thdi gian vd khdng the phuc hdi dfldc. Nhflng he qud tren dd chflng minh cho sfl cat dien hdng hogt tgi ede dja phfldng tren ed nUdc, dnh hUdng den ddi sdng, sdn xudt vd kinh doanh. Trong khi ngudn ndng lUdng cu ngdy edng egn kiet vd phu thudc vdo thien nhien thi ngudn ndng lUdng mdi chUa hinh thdnh hoge dang manh nha, ehUa dUde ddp flng rdng trong ede hogt dpng nhfl ngudn ndng Ifldng mgt trdi, dien hgt nhdn, sfle gid vd dja nhiet...
De sfl dung dien tiet kiem, hieu qud tfl trung Udng den dja phUdng, ede ed quan nhd nUde ed thdm quyen dd ban hdnh ede vdn bdn nhU: Nghj djnh sd 102/2003/ND-CP ngdy 03/09/2003 eua Chfnh phu ve sfl dung ndng Ifldng tiet kiem vd hieu qud, ChT thj sd 19/2005/CT-TTg ngdy 02/06/2005 cua Thu tUdng Chfnh phu ve viec thfle hien tiet kiem trong sfl dung dien, Thdng tU Lien tjch sd 111 /2009/TTLT/BTC-BCT ngdy 01 /06/2009 eua Bp Tdi ehfnh - Bp Cdng ThUdng hUdng ddn thfle hien tiet kiem dien trong cdc c d quan nhd nude, ddn vj sfl nghiep cdng ldp vd ChT thi sd 14/2009/CT-UBND ngdy 03/9/2009 cua Uy ban nhdn ddn tTnh Binh PhUdc ve viec tdng cUdng thfle hdnh tiet kiem dien trong sfl dung dien tren dja bdn tTnh. E)dng thdi, td chfle ede hpi thdo khoa hoc de tim ra phfldng dn khd thi trong tiet kiem vd tim ro ede ngudn dien ndng mdi de phue vuehoxdhdi.
Mde du cdc c d quan nhd nfldc d trung fldng vd dja phUdng dd chTdgo bdng edc vdn bdn neu tren nhuhg trong thdi gian qua, cdng tde tiet kiem dien tgi ede edng sd vdn ehfla di vdo n i nep, ngudn dien vdn chua sfl dung mpt cdch hdp ly vd hieu qud. De thfle hien hieu qud ndi dung ehT dgo eua trung fldng vd dja phfldng, ede c d quan, ddn vj nhd nfldc phdi trien khai mdt sd gidi phdpsou:
1 / Viec tuyen truyin gido due eho cdc edn bp cdng nhdn vien (CBCNV) trong ed quan phdi dfldc tien hdnh thfldng xuyen, dfldc Idng ghep vdi cdc budi hpp nhfl: hpp giao ban djnh ky, hpp cdng dodn, hpp chi dodn...Cde ndi dung dflde tuyen truyin cdn
bdm sdt vdo ndi dung cdc vdn bdn chT dgo cua ede ed quan nhd nUde, tdp trung vdo vol trd eua ngudn dien trong eudc sdng, qudn ly, sdn xudt vd kinh doanh, thfle trgng eua ngudn nguyen lieu tgo nen ngudn dien ngdy cdng egn kiet, khdng the phue hdi dUdc vd phu thude vdo thien nhien, nhflng he qud eua viee edt dien hdng logt dnh hfldng nhflthe ndo den edng tdc qudn ly den ddi sdng cua nhdn ddn vd sdn xud't;
2/ NgUdi dflng ddu cd quan, ddn vj phdi Id ngUdi gUdng mdu di ddu trong cdng tdc tiet kiem dien, neu ngUdi dflng ddu ed quan, td ehflc gfldng mdu di ddu vd ehT dgo cdc CBCNV thfle hien thi hieu qud se Id rd't eao.
Cdng tde ehT dgo bdng cdc vdn bdn vd cdn mang tfnh eu the khdng mang tfnh ehdt chung ehung. Cdn cu the bdng nhflng con so nhfl quy djnh thdi gian bdt den hdnh long tru sd, den bdo ve, md mdy Ignh...;
3/ Mdi ed quan, ddn vj edn eg the hda edc vdn bdn cua nhd nude bdng ede hdnh dpng eu the - Ban hdnh quy che tiet kiem dien tgi ed quan. Trong quy che cdn dUa ra nhUng noi dung eu the de tiet kiem dien nhUthdi gian bdt mdy Ignh, hgn che bdt den sdng khi sd ngUdi ft vd tdn dung nhflng dnh sdng tfl nhien... vd phdi cdng khai tren bdng thdng bdo de todn the CBCNV thdy dfldc; cdn neu rd khen thfldng ddi vdi cdc ed nhdn, td chfle trong c d quan, ddn vj thfle hien dung theo quy che mang Igi hieu qud trong cdng tdc sfl dung dien tiet kiem, hieu qud, ddng thdi cung cd nhflng mfle xfl ly thfch ddng ddi vdi cdc cd nhdn, td ehfle trong cd quan sfl dung Idng phf ngudn dien, dnh hudng den mue tieu sfl dung dien tgi edng sd; edng
So: 08/2010///////////////////////////
Sd K h o a H o c va C o n g N g h g B i n h P h U d cTrang 21
tdc kiem tra edn tien hdnh thudng xuyen, djnh ky vd dot xudt. Viec kiem tra, gidm sdt cdn giao eho Vdn phdng (Phdng Hdnh ehfnh - Tong hdp) vd bdo cdo eho Idnh dgo. Nhflng ket qud bdo cdo se Id c d sd de ban Idnh dgo cd ddnh gid chfnh sdt flnh hinh tiet kiem ndng Ifldng dien tgi c d quan;
4/ Thay the cdc mdy mdc sfl dung dien dd c u , hao tdn dien ndng: Cd ke hogeh thay the nhflng mdy mde sfl dung dien dd cu, hao tdn nhieu dien vd ede dfldng gidy khdng ddm bdo chdt Ifldng. Hien nay tren thj trfldng cd nhflng mdy mdc trang biet bj sfl dung hieu qud md Igi tie't kiem dien nhu bdng dien, mdy Ignh,qugt dien.... Thay the cdc mdy mde tgi ed quan ddn vj phdi thfle hien tflng bflde khdng nen mua sdm hay ddi mdi todn bp. Vi ehi phf eho mdy mdc Id rd't Idn vd trdnh tinh trgng Idng phf. Mdi
ndm cdc ed quan, ddn vj phdi ehi tieu tiet kiem trong ngudn tdi chfnh dUdc khodn de ddu tUddi mdi trang thiet bj.
5/ Hdi ddng khoa hpc dja phUdng phdi Id ddu mdi vd cd nhflng chfnh sdeh de thu hut ede nhd khoa hoe, ede sdng kien cua ede ed nhdn, td ehfle dfla ra cdc gidi phdp nhdm sfldung dien tiet kiem vd hieu qud.
Ngudn ndng lUdng ndi chung vd ngudn dien ndi rieng dang ngdy cdng egn kiet vd phu thudc thien nhien thi trdeh nhiem cua cdc c d quan, ddn vj trong viec sfl dung ngudn dien tiet kiem, hieu qud Id rdt Idn. Sfl dung ngudn dien tiet kiem tgi cdc ed quan, ddn vj gdp phdn vdo duy tri ngudn dien cho hien tgi cung nhU de ddnh ngudn ndng lUdng ndy cho the he mai sou.
Tuyet Nhung I KI&M (3^(0) mcoKl KlM O l f e
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phdi truyen dgt nhflng thdng tin mdi cho cdc SV biet.
JhQba, Phfldng phdp gidng dgy de cho cdc SV hieu bdi mpt edeh sdu, rdng. PhUdng phdp dpc chep cdn phdi logi bd. Mpt phUdng phdp mdi Id hpc theo chu d i , thuyet trinh nhdm vd ddn chflng cu the - PhUdng phdp tgo cho cdc SV ndm dUdc tdng qudt bdi hpc, ndng eao tfnh each tfl nghien cflu, tfl tim tdi nhflng thdng fin mdi phue vu eho bdi hpc, hdn nfla hpc theo chu d i , theo nhdm tgo eho edc HSSV thuyet trinh nhflng quan diem eua minh trUde ddm ddng, ddng thdi tranh ludn gifla ede nhdm de tgo ra nhflng y tudng mdi, tdng hdp Igi thdnh mpt ndi dung hodn chinh. Mdt tfch cflc cua phUdng phdp ndy Id tgo cho SV ndm tdng gudt ndi dung bdi hpc, bie't cdch hpc tgp theo nhdm, tfl nghien cflu tdt, ed phfldng phdp thuyet trinh tdt vd khdng nggi khi ndi ehuyen trflde ddm ddng.
Phfldng phdp ndy eung phdt huy hieu qud nhflng ldi dung qud se khdng mang Igi hieu qud.
JhQ tu, Thi trdc nghiem Id phUdng phdp hoc rd't hieu gud ddi vdi td't cdc cdc SV trong cdc trUdng .Hieu theo dung nghTa cua nd thi nhflng cdu hdi trdc nghiem dflde ddnh gid cd v i ehieu sdu vd ehieu rdng. Nhflng thi trdc nghiem Igi Id thudn ldi cho cdc SV quay cdp ne'u gidm thj coi khdng nghiem, hdn nfla theo nhfl cdch hpc hien nay cua cdc SV Id hpc theo kieu hoe vet (vf nhfl trong 50 edu hdi thi thi SV nhd ngUdi ddnh ddu dung vdo diem a, e, d hodc e eua 50 edu, ede SV photo eho nhau vd hpc thudc theo kieu cdu 1 diem a, cdu 2 diem c....). Neu nhUgldo vien, gidng vien khdng djnh hudng eho ede SV hoc cho dung cdch vd gidm thj khdng eoi nghiem tuc thi se dnh hudng rdt Idn den ehd't lUdng gido due.
ThCf ndm, Phdn Idn cdc trUdng dflng cd ed sd vdt
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chdt ngheo ndn vd Igc hdu ddi vdi edc trfldng ky thudt vd khdng dflde di thfle te ddi vdi ede trfldng ddo tgo v i linh vfle xd hpi, ddn den hpc ly thuyet nhiiu hdn thfle hdnh cua sinh vien phdi dflpc ddi mdi. Mdt khdc, nhd trudng phdi lien he vdi ede ddn vj, doanh ngiep de dUa ede HSSV de'n tie'p edn vdi ede mdy mdc mdi dd'i vdi ede trudng ky thudt vd nhflng edng viec thfle te ddi vdi cdc ngdnh xd hdi. Mdi quan he gifla nhd trfldng, doanh nghiep vd cdc ddn vj, khdng nhflng tgo cho HSSV cd ky ndng sfl dung thdng tgo nhflng thdnh tfl khoa hpc cdng nghe mdi, ky ndng xfl ly edng viee tdt md edn tgo viec Idm cho HSSV tfl cdc doanh nghiep, ddn vj ndy.
ThCfsau, Qng dung cdng nghe thdng tin (CNTT) de gidng dgy vd hpc tdp rdt cdn thiet, khdng nhflng tgo mdi trfldng cho sinh vien khai thde nhiiu thdng tin mdi qud Internet de trang bj eho edc mdn hpc md edn Id ndi de ede SV djnh hudng n g h i nghiep, tim hieu ve mdi trudng tuyen dung vd ddng ky tuyen dung khi ra trudng. Mdt khde, CNTT edn tgo cho gidng vien trinh dien bdi gidng mpt cdch da dgng ve hinh thfle vd phong phu v i ndi dung. Hdn nfla trudc thfle trgng c d sd vdt ehdt eua cdc trUdng Igc hdu thi viec trinh dien nhflng hinh dnh v i ede mdy mdc mdi dflde edp nhgt tren mgng hoge dUde cdp nhdt tfl cdc doanh nghiep vd ede ddn vj se tgo cho SV hieu biet nhiiu ve logi mdy mdc mdi, ndng cao ndng Ifle thfle hdnh cua SV.
EJdt nude ngdy cdng phdt trien ddi hdi ngudn nhdn Iflc khdng ehT tdng v i so lUdng md ehdt Ifldng Id ye'u td hdng ddu - Id dpng Ifle cho sfl phdttrien. Vi vdy, edc ngdnh chfle ndng phdi ed cdi nhin thfle te ve hien trgng ddu ra ngudn Iflc hien nay de ed nhflng gidi phdp khd thi nhdt.
Sd Khoa Hoc va Cong Nghe Binh PhUdc