KHOA HOC - CdNG NGHE _ S6 03/2019
Oanh gia chat lugng khai thac may dong cpc hp lan duong 6 to a Viet Nam va mot so van 6e
can nghien cuu bd sung khi thiet ke may
• PGS. TS. NGU Y I N BINH; ThS. NGUYEN ANH NGOC - TrUPng Dgi hpc Giao thdng vdn tdi
TOM TAT: Bai bao trinh bay hai npi dung lien quan den tinh hinh khai thac may dong coc ho lan 6 Viet Nam va ba trang thai lam viec cOa may can nghien cuu bo sung khi tinh toan, lam co so cho viec thiet ke may duoc day du hon, phu hgp hon voi thuc te van hanh may 6 cong truong
TU KHOA: May dong coc ho lan, chat luong khai thac, luc tTnh ep coc
ABSTRACT: This article presents two issues related to the exploitation of highway guardrail hydraulic pile driver in Vietnam and three working conditions of the machine to research additionally when calculating, as the basis for the machine design is more complete and more suitable to the actual operation ofthe machine outside KEYWORDS: Piling machine, pile static press force.
ixploitation quality,
I.DATVANDE
NhOng nam gan day, he thdng dQdng cao toe va qude 16 d Viet Nam dQpe xay dung mdi, eli tao va nang cap rat nhieu, ddi hoi khong the thieu he thdng hp lan eho eae tuyen dudng nay de sOm ddng bp dUa vao khai thac CO hieu qua. Cac may ddng cpe ho lan da gop phan hQu fch trong viec hoan thien cae tuyen dUOng quan trpng nhU QLl A, QL5B... Tuy nhien, qua qua trinh khio sat, d i n h gia thQe trang khai thae may ddng coc thay rang, khi eae dQ an dQpe trien khai thi cae nha thau van tien hanh dong epe m l chQa ehu y den loai may dQpe sQ dung co phu hop vdi tat c l cac vj tri can thi edng tren tuyen dQdng khong hole viec van hanh may eua ngudi thp CO phCi hop vdi dac diem ket eau m i y va hQdng dan van hanh eua nha sin xua't hay khong, dan den chat iQOng cpc duac ddng ehUa dam b l o hoae c6 t i e ddng lam I n h hudng den ket cau miy. Vl vay, can nghien cdu them ve van de khai thae may dong coc ho lan.
Trong bai bao nly, cle t i e gia trinh bay hai noi dung ehfnh sau:
- Danh gia chung ve edng t i e khai thae may ddng cpc hg lan vdi eae v i n de li§n quan;
- Phan tich cae van de can nghien cQu bd sung khi
tfnh toan m i y dong cge hp lan xuat phat tQ nhQng phat sinh khi van hanh may ma qua trinh tinh toan thiet ke chua quan tam day du, lam ed sd eho viee thiet ke m i y phu hdp hon vdi thQe te khai thae may d cong trUOng.
2. DANH GIA CHUNG VE C 6 N G TAC KHAI T H A C MAY DONG Cpc HO LAN DUdNG O TO d VIET NAM
2.1. Nhu cau ve he thdng coc ho lan difOng 6 to va hieu qua kinh te ky thuat khi silr dung may ddng cpc ho lan
2.1.1. Nhu cdu ve hi thong cpc hd lan
Theo ke hoaeh phat trien mang ludi dudng 6 to eua Viet Nam [1] thi den nam 2025, sd kilomet dUdng eaotde se la 2131 km, sd kilomet qude Id ten tOI 17383km.
ST A B 1
Bang 2.1. Mang ludi hi thdng giao thdng dudng 3 to eua Wef Nam din nam 2025 Tuyen difdng giao thdng ' Chllu dai cac tuyen, km i i - . i . - J , - . ' 12131 I c a n c o c o c h o l a n He thong auong cao toe ' , ^ , , . •.., ,...,,.,,, ,
i t r e n t o a n b o c h i e u d a i 2 1 3 1 km) He thong quoc Ig cua c^ nUdc
True xuyen quoc gia 2 Khu vi/c phia Bac 3 Khu viic mien Trung 4 Khu vuc phia Nam
4302 5658 4442 2981 Cong B: 17383 (can c6 coc ho lan khoang 30 - 40% chieu dai CLia B, ti/ong dUong 6084km)
Tren eae tuyen dQdng nay deu phai eo he thdng ho lan ton song lap tren hang eot thep dQdng kinh 141mm, dai 2100mm, duoc dong vao nen dat eo dp ehat k - 0.95 -H 0.98 vdl dp sau trung binh 1.2m va mdi coc each nhau 3m.
TQ Bdng 2.1 ta thay tdng ehieu dai dQdng 6 to d Viet Nam can co he thdng hp lan la (2131 + 6084 ^ 8215) km.
Neu lap cho ea hai ben le dQdng thi vOi tdng ehieu dai dQdng nhQ vay, nhu eau sd kilomet can thi eong epc hp lan len tdi (8215x2-16430) km, tUong Ung can ddng sd cpe hd lan la (16430 x 1000 : 3 = 5.476.670} cpe. Ngoai ra, neu ke den viee hang nam phal tu bd, sda chQa, nang cap hoae thay the cac eoc hp lan cu thl nhu eau cua cong t i c CO gidi hoa thi eong eoc cang tang them nCfa.
2.1.2. Hieu qua kinh teky thudt khi sddung mdy dong cpc hp lan
Vdi sd lupng cpe ean dong rat ldn nhu tren, neu khong dung may ddng epe ma thi edng theo eong nghe 87
KHOA HOC-CONG NGHE _
eu thi thdi gian thi cdng bj keo d l i , kinh phi xay diing ldn va lam eham tien dp ddng bp tuyen dudng de dUa vao khai thae. Co the minh hpa tdm tat van de nay qua b i n g dQdi day:
Bing 2.2. So sinh mpt so cdng viie cabin khi thi cong cpc hp lan tfieo hai cong nghe
Bing 2.3. Cic don vikhai thac. ttiietke. chetao vi dfch vu thuang m^i vi miy ddng cpc hg lan & \d$t Nam
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Nhu vay, so vdi cong nghe cu thi viee sd dung may ddng epe hp lan trong thi eong da mang lai Ipi ich rat Idn:
- Ve thdi gian: Rut ngan thdi gian thi edng tQ 20 den 30 lan, sOm dUa edng trinh vao sd dung.
- Ve ehi phi; Tiet kiem dUpc rat nhieu be tdng xi mang;
vOi khoang 5400000 eoc thi lUpng be tong xi mang tiet kiem dupe len tdi SOOOOOm^ g i l m chi phi nhan eong.
2.2. Tinh hinh khai thac, thiet ke, che tao va djch vu ve may dong coc ho lan d Viet Nam
6 Viet Nam, nam 2014, lan dau tien may ddng epe hp lan dupe khai thae tren tuyen QL3 tai Lao Cai bang may nhap tQ Trung Qude vdi g i l 440 trieu VND/may. TQ nam 2014 den 2017, sd m i y nhap tdTrung Qude ve Viet Nam ehi eo khoing 5 ehiee vl tQ n i m 2015, Viet Nam da tQ thiet ke, ehe tao dQOc may nay ed gia thanh thap hon va cong t i c phuc vu ky thuat (blo h i n h , b l o tri) thuan ldi hdn [1]. Dien hinh eho loai may ddng epc hd lan do Viet Nam ehe tao la may MHP-01, II sin pham eua de tai KHCN cap Bd GTVT, m l sd CKLH-CMCOl-2015 hop t i c giQa Cong ty TNHH Linh Ha va cac nha khoa hoc eua TrQOng Dai hpe GTVT. Day la de tai KHCN khdng sd dung ngan sleh nha nUde dau tien dViet Nam trong ITnh vQeGTVT [l].TQnam 2015 den 2017, lupng may MHP- 01 dupe ban ra thj trUOng la 8 ehiee, vdi gia thanh ehi khoang 350 trieu VND/may va dQoc cic ddn vi thi cdng danh gia 11 CO tinh nang ky thuat hon h i n may eua Trung Qude [4,5].
Den nay, sd iQOng eae ddn vi khai thic miy ddng epe hd lan edn kha khiem tdn do sd iQpng cong trinh trude nam 2020 ed han. d ITnh vUc che tao may dong epe ed 5 cdng ty, ITnh vue ehuyen ve dieh vu thuong mai (ban may) cd 02 edng ty va thi cdng cpe co 5 edng ty.
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Trong dd, chi ed Cong tyTNHH Linh Ha la tien hanh nghien edu, thiet ke bai b i n va che tao m i y MHP-01 ed tinh nang ky thuat tdt hon. Dae biet, tren m i y MHP-01 ed trang bi ca may phat h i n dien phue vu eho q u i trinh thi edng dQpe thuan ti&n. Cau tao cda m i y MHP-Ol duac md t l nhutren Hin/i2.7;
Cum binh xe bi dong (bSnh ISI) eongcadie5el May phat di&n Cum dieu ehinh goc nghi&ng c6t Ghe ngoidieii khier\
Van phan phoi tay gal Cum banh xe chu dong Thung dau thuy life
Cum mai che Khung trung gian Gia da mo-to quay bOm Thanh chong
5 - Xi-lanh nang ha d n 6 - Xi-lanh thay doi gdc nghieng dgc cflt 7'Can nangh^bua a - Doan cot dSn hU6ng bua phia tten 9 - Ben chieu iing
- Boan cot dan hUdng biia phia diSifi - Biia thuy li/c ddng coc 22-Oaua6n9Coc 23 - Choong riit coc 24 - Cum tru lai 25 - Khung sSt xi may 26 - Khung ngang di trugt 27 - Cum true chu ddng 28 - Coc flng thep
Hinh 2.1: Sa dd du tao miy ddng coc hd lan MHP-01
3. MOT S6 V A N Di C A N N G H I S N CCTU Bd SUNG KHI TiNH TOAN THI^T K^ MAY
3.1. Cac quy djnh chung trong qud trinh van hanh m i y dong coc ho lan
Theo ndi dung hudng dan van h i n h may ddng cpe hd lan cua eae nha ehe tao thi khi dong epe, ngQdi thp p h l i dieu khien may va ehinh epc sao cho:
- Cpe d vi tri dung khoing eleh thiet kd glufa cle epc la 300 ± 0.5em.
- Cle cpc p h l i t h i n g dOng va thSng hang hoac p h l i dpc theo dudng eong dinh trUde khi di vao doan dudng cong.
- Dp nghieng coc theo phUdng ddng khdng vQpt q u i 3°.
Khi d i m bao 3 yeu cau nay thi viec l i p elc tSm hd lan CO mat c i t ngang dang iQpn song vao eae cdt bang bu-long mdi dat yeu cau ve ky thuat, khdng p h l i gd ep elc mdi lien ket hole p h l i "thdi" lai Id lien ket tren tam hd lan (viec nay rat phde tap vi ngudn dien han tren dQdng khdng ed). De thQe hien dQpc ba yiu eau tren thl khi van
KHOA HOC - CONG N G H £ _
So 03/2019
hanh may dong cpc ho lan, thp lai m i y phai djch ehinh cdt dan hudng cua may n h i m d i m bao:
- May dQng dung v| tri dng vdi viec dUa cpc vao dung tam yeu cau;
- G i l cpt dan huOng p h l i t h i n g ddng, thong qua vi&c chinh cac xi-lanh nghieng cpt;
- Khi ddng epe (bua lam viec tac dung lUe va d i p len dau epe) thi may phai "dOng" dn djnh tren 4 banh xe. Coc ehim vao nen d i t la do t i e dung iQc cua pi't-tdng (choong) bua.
3.2. Mot so van de phat sinh trong qua trinh van hdnh may ddng coc ho lan so vdi quy djnh
Qua thuete khio sat tai mot sd eong trudng thi cong ddng epc hp lan, nhom t i e gia nhan thay ed ba van de phit sinh I n h hudng den chat luong epc va trang t h l i llm viec eua may. Do do, can nghien cdu bd sung cle trang t h l i lam viee can tinh t o l n ma trude day ehua de cap d^n. Co ba van de can nghien cQu bd sung nhu sau:
3.2.1. Vdn de phdt sinh thd nhdt: Hdng coc bi nghieng so vdi phuong thang ddng khi duac dong tren doqn dudng cd dp doc doc Idn ban 3°
So do mo ta tinh hudng nay nhu sau:
Hinh 3.1: Hing cae bi nghiing trin doan dudng ddc dpc lan han 3P Khi do ddc dpe eua doan dudng Idn hon 3" thi m i t thudng da quan s i t thay hang cot eo dp nghieng.
ThUOng gap eae doan dUOng nay d vung nui, trung du hoae dudng dan len cau. Neu de xay ra tinh hudng nay thi ngoai viee khong thda m i n yeu cau ky thuat, cdn gay mat tham my vi cpt nghieng so vdi phuong thang dQng.
Qua xem xet thay ring, nguyen n h i n la do sQ dung m i y ddng cpc hp lan cd ket eau dang cdt dan hudng hen ket bang chdt ngang cQng vdi hai gdi dd tren khung may. Lien ket nay khdng eho phep nghieng ngang cot trong mat phang XOY (gde y = 0°) nhQ H'inh 3.2a. De khac phuc van de nay, can sd dung m i y eo cot dan hudng dat tren khdp eau (gde y * 0") nhu Hinh 3.2b.
7 - Cpt dan hudng bua; 2 - Chot ngang;
3-Cdidd,4- Xy-lanh thuy luc giO va nghieng cgt dan hudng;
a^a^- Coc nghieng cpt khi dong cpc, a^ - Goc ngi cpt khi dich chuyen may Hinh 3,2a: Miy ddng epc hp lan dang
cpt din liin kit chdt ngang
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1 - cpt dan hudng bua; 2 - Khdp cau; 3 - Gdi do;
4 - Xy-lanh thuy luc giO va nghieng cot dan huong;
Yy Xj - Gdc nghieng ngang khi may ddng coc tren do$n duong doc Hinh 3.2b: Miy ddng epc hp lan dang ept din hudng
trin khdp eiu
Trong mdt sd trUOng hpp, goc nghieng nay cdn dan den viec phai sda Id tren tam ho Ian thl mdi lap duac vao dau ept,do idOda bi lech sang vitri0'nhQWinh3.3.
hTinh 3.3: Vi tnbit bu-ldng gida cpe va tim hp lan bj lech do cpc nghieng
3.2.2. Vdn de phdt sinh thd hai: Mpt ben mdy dupe ndng Iin detgo lUe tinh ep coc
a) - M§t trudc cua may
89
KHOA HOC - CdNG NGHE
b) - Mat sau cua may
Hinh 3.4: Miy duoc nang mpt bin Iin trong qui trinh ddng eoc De tang tdc dp dong eoe, thp van hanh may thudng thao tae "linh hoat" bang each co pit-tdng xi-lanh nang can de an bua xudng dau eoe lam eho mpt ben may phia treo q u i bua se bj nang len (do bua lue nay dang ty len dau tren epe eon dau duOi cpe d l cam vao nen dat tao diem ty nang may). Mue dieh eua thao t i e nay I I nham t i n dyng trpng lUdng may tao thanh 7Qceptrnh"bd sung t i e dung len epe detang tde dp dim eoe vao nen. ThUcte chUng minh thao t i e nay da dat dupc muc dich dat ra la tde dd dong eoe nhanh hon so vdi thiet ke (trung b'inh ehi eon 50 giay so vdi 60 giay theo dutinh khi dong cpc tren nen cap phdi co K - 0.98) nhung tai anh hudng den dp on dinh eua miy. Co the mo t l tinh hudng nay bang hai mo hinh dao dpng the hien trang thai lam viee eda may theo Hinh 3.5 va Hinh 3.6:
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Hinh 3.5: Md hinh dao dong eua khung may khi chi ddng bOa thiiy lue deddng cpc (miy dung trin 4 binh xe)
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Hinh 3.6: Md h'mh dao ddng cda khung miy khi ket hpp dimg bda thdy iuc dong cpc ket hpp benh
mpt bin may (miy diing tren 2 binh xe) d trang thai lam viec theo Hinh 3.5 thi trpng tam 0 cua may dao dong ehu yeu theo phuong ddng Oy, edn d trang t h l i lam viee theo Hinh 3.5 thi trpng t i m O'cda may dao dpng theo c l phuong dQng Oy va phuong ngang Ox.
Phan tich trang t h l i lam viee eua may d tinh hudng phat sinh thQ hai eho thay: Thay b i n g iQe dong ban dau la P^ (H'mh 3.5) thi lUc dong lue nay la (P^ + G') > P^va gil trj G' nay l l m tang them tde dp dim epe (Hinh 3.6), nhQng each van hanh may nay cung g l y ra hau q u i la:
- Ldp ben trai bi tang tai va bi "day" qua lai khi may ddng epc;
- Toan bp ket cau may bi dao ddng ngang mot khoang Ax kha lOn trong qua trinh ddng epe do miy ehi ty len nen tren hai banh xe ben t r i i , con hai banh xe ben p h l i bj nhac len khdi nen.
- Khung xe v l eae ehdt lien ket ehju them lUe phu do xuat hien goe nghieng P(t) thay ddi theo thdi gian.
Khi tinh toan thiet ke may dong epe hp lan, ngQdi thiet ke chua xet den trang thai lam viec nay, do do can di sau phan tieh, nghien cQu them de bd sung, hoan thien q u i trinh thiet ke may.
3.2.3. Vdn de phdt sinh thdba: Dong cpc vdo nen cdng hoac lan dd
Khi ddng eoe hd lan d mdt so vj tri ed nen edng hoac lan da, tham ehi la nen da non m l khong the thay ddi duoc vj tri coc can ddng, tho 111 may van p h l i ed ddng eoc de dat dp sau thiet ke. Ngoai viee I p dung bien phap
KHOA HOC-CONG N G H e .
So 03/2019
n i n g mpt ben may nhu d tinh hudng thQ hai, ngUdi thp phai cho may dong lien tuc trong khoang thdi gian dai cd the tdi 25 phut/cpc trong khi d dieu kien binh thudng thdi gian dong chi dUOi 01 phut/cpe. Khi tang thdi gian ddng epc se anh hudng den nhiet dp va dp nhdt eua dau.
Dp nhdt ddng lUc cCia dau dupe xie dinh thed Vogel - Cameron (Tieu ehuan DIN 53017) nhQ sau:
Vdi: C - Hang sd (vdi dau khoang C - 95''C);
T-Nhiet dp dau (°C};
A, B - Cae hang sd phu thuoc vao tQng loai dau cy the. Cac loai dau khoang thi A = 0.050 mPa.s, B = QOCC den gaCC. Vi dy vdi dau khoing HLP46 (150 VG46) thi A - 0.054 mPa.s,B-921°C.
TQ cdng thdc tren ta thl'y rang, khi nhiet doT t i n g thi do nhdt cua dau se giam, dan den ap sua't dau bi giam lam giam iQe ddng coc. Co the tang dung tieh thung dau va lUu iQong dau thuy lUc de tranh hien tUdng nong dau nhQng se tang chi phi che tao va lupng dau tieu thy se tang len.
ke ehe tqo mdy bua thuy lUe MHP-01 ddng epc ho lan dudng d td", Ha Npi.
[2]. Nguyen Binh, Nguyen HQu Chi, Nguyen Ouang Phuc (2016), Ky thudt khai thac ddi mdy thi cdng mat dudng be tdng nhua, NXB. Xay dung. Ha Npi.
[3]. Nguyen Anh Ngpc (2017), Chuyen de tong quan ludn dncLia NCS, Ha U6'\.
[4]. Cdc sd heu khdo sdt cua nhdm tdc gid tqi ede eong trudng thi edng epc hp lan tren Oi IA (2015), 0L5B (2016) vd dudng ddn cdu vuat bien Tdn Vu - Lach Huyen (2017).
[5]. Tiiu chudn DIN 53017 cua Vien Tiiu chudn Ddc
Ngay nhan bai: 12/01 /2019 Ngay chap nhan dang: 28/01 /2019 NgUdi phan bien: TS. Nguyen Van Thjnh
TS. Nguyen Thoai Anh
4. KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHj
Qua eae npi dung nghien edu tren, ed the d\ den ket luan sau:
- Cdng nghe thi cong he thdng cpc hd lan bang may ddng epe ho lan tuy ddn gian nhung mang lai hieu q u i kinh te rl't ldn, dac biet khi sd iQong cpc ho lan can ddng ehohethdngdQdngdtodViet Nam trong tQOng lai gan len tcri 5.4 trieu cge. Tuy mOi d giai doan ban dau nhung cong t i c khai thac, thiet ke ehe tao m i y dong cgc ho lan dViet Nam da gdp phan dang ke vao viec hoan thien eae tuyen dQdng quan trpng nhU QLl A, QL5B v l se tiep tuc vdi cac luyen duOng khae.
-Trong qua trinh khai thic, van hanh may dong cpc hd lan da p h i t sinh mot sd van de lien quan true tiep den viec tinh toan, thiet ke may nay, do la: Hang cpe bj nghieng, may bi nang len mpt ben, dong cpc tren nen eQng hole lan da. Qua khao sit, phan tieh va danh gia, nhom tac gia kien nghi:
-H Khong diing may ddng epc ho lan co lien ket chdt ngang d chan cpt de thi edng tren cae tuyen dudng co dp dde dpc tren 3° ma nen dung may ed lien ket khdp eau d chan ept dan hudng;
+ Can nghien cdu tinh toan may d trang thai dong eoe khi mot ben may dupc nang len, viee nay co lien quan den he thdng thuy lUe, do dao dpng eua may va dp van eua khung xe;
+Tang the tich dau thuy lUc nham giam do nong cda d i u de khae phuc tinh trang thd phai ddng cpe lien tuc trong thdi gian dai so vdi thiet ke.
Cle kien nghi tren nham tiep tye hoan thien viee tfnh toan thiet ke may, nang eao ehat iQOng may ddng epe hp lan va he thdng ho lan dUOng 6 td d Viet Nam trong thdi gian tdi day.
Tai lieu tham khSo
[1]. Nguyen Binh va eae eong su (2015), De t l i NCKH cap Bp GTVT, ma sd CKLH-CMCOl -2015: "Nghien cdu thiet