HQI NGHI CON TRCING HOC QUOC GIA LAN THO' 7 - HA NQI 2011
THANH PHAN C O N TRUNG VA NHEN N H 6 TR§N MOT S6 CAY T R O N G C H I N H (f VI|T NAM
OI^U TRA NAM 2006 - 2010
Pham VSn Lam, Quach Thj Ng?, Le Thj Tuyet Nhung, Tracmg Thj Lan, The Traong Thanh, Bui Van Dung Vi?n Bdo ve Ihuc vgi
MdBAU
6 nadc ta, c6ng trinh iiiu tra ca ban ve con trting va b^nh hai cay trSng dugrc tien hanh tren quy mo ion vko ckc nSm 1961, 1967 - 1968, 1977 - 1979, 1997 - 1998 (Vien Bao ve thyrc vat, 1975, 1999a, 1999b). Kit qua cac lin diSu tra nay da c6ng b6 dugc danh luc sau va benh hai cho cac cay trdng dugc diju tra. Ngoai ra, con co hiing loat c6ng trinh dieu tra vi thanh phSn sau benh hai theo vung/mien trong ca nuoc da dugc cong bo. Cac ket qua nay dugc thuc hien each day da litu n@n phan n^o lac hau. Trong khi dd, vi6c ap dung rong rai thanh tuu khoa hoc mai ve trong trpt ds lam thay d6i d6i sSu sac tinh hinh sau hai tren nhiju Ioai cay trSng 6 nhieu nai trong c^ nu6c. Co nhirng sinh vat (sau phao due be, ray xam, 6c buau vang,...) da xu4t hien tro thanh dich hai mai. Cay trdng mai nhap ngi (cky ca cao) dugc trong rgng rai, nhimg chua ro thanh phan sau h ^ . Mat khac, trong hgi nhap quoc te, vkn de ngan chSn su xam lan cua cac sinh vat hai ngoai lai Ik mgt thach thurc lan doi voi nuoc ta. Muon nhanh chong phat hien dugc cac sau hai ngoai lai nhap ngi thi phai c6 hieu biet chic chin v6 thanh phin sku hai ban dia hien da phat hign dugc tren cdc cay trong a trong nude. Ddng thai, yeu cau minh bach sinh v$t hai cay trdng va san pham sau thu hoach (dac biet ddi vdi cay trdng phuc vu xuit khiu) dang Ik vkn ii cap thi6t cua nude ta vdi tu each la thanh vien cua Td chiic WTO.
Bai bao nay cung cap mdt so ket qua dieu tra thanh phkn sinh vkt hai tren mdt sd cay trdng chinh d Viet Nam trong cac nSm 2006 - 2010.
VAT Lifu VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtI
Vi^c dieu tra dugc tiSn hanh tren pham vi ca nuac theo 7 vung sinh thai (trung du mien mii BSe Bg, Ddng bang sdng Hdng, duySn hai Bic Trung Bg, duyen hai Nam Trung Bd, Tay Nguyen, Dong Nam Bd va Ddng bing sdng Cuu Long). Thanh phin sau hai tren cay trdng dugc iiiu tra theo tuyjn trong tCmg vimg. Tai mdi vimg, chgn 3 tinh cd dien tich ldn d?i di?n cho timg loai cay trdng cin didu tra ii iam dilm iiia tta. Tai moi tinh da chgn cho timg loai cky trdng, chgn 3 huyen va moi huyen chgn 3 xa dai difn de dieu tra. Cac dieu tra dugc tiln hanh theo phuang phap didu tra ca ban dich hai ndng nghiep ciia Vien Bao v? thue v|t (1997) va cac tieu chuin nganh co lidn quan. Tgd diem
HOI NGHI CON TRUNG HOC QUOC GIA LAN THif 7 - HA NQI 2011
didu tra tidn hanh tim hidu tap quin, ky thulit trong trgt ddi vdi cay trdng dugc dilu tra, sau dd dilu tra thuc dia, ghi chdp sd lieu, xir ly, bao quto mau vat da thu dugc. Khi dieu tra ngoai thuc dia, cd ging ph4t hien va thu thap t6i da thanh phin cdn trimg va nh^
nhd hai tren cay trdng cin dilu tra, ghi nhan miic dg phat sinh ciia cac sau hai.
Miu vat cac Ioai cdn triing va nh?n nhd hai cSy trdng sau lam mau dugc cac chuySn gia phan loai, cac can bd chuyen mdn co kinh nghifm lau nam tien hanh giam dinh t8n khoa hgc theo cac khda phan Io?i ciia Barion el al., 1994; Blackman el al., 1984;
Lekagul et al, 1977; Martin, 1999; Monstyrskii et al., 2001; Shepard et al, 1999;
Watson et al., 2004; Wilson el al., 1991;... Ben canh do, nhthig mau vat mdi dugc gid di nude ngoai dd chuyen gia nude ngoai giam dinh.
KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
So lygng loai con trung vk nhfn nho gay hji cSy trong da phit hifn du-yc Tir nam 2006 din 2010, dilu tra thtoh phin cdn trimg va nhfn nhd h?i tren 19 Io?i cay trdng (lua, cai an la, cai bip, su hao, siip la, budi, cam, chanh, quyt, nhan, vai, thanli long, xoai, lac, ca cao, ea phe, che, dieu, tieu) trong pham vi ca nude. Da phdt hifn va thu th^p dugc 531 Ioai cdn trimg va nhfn nhd gSy hai cac cky trong dugc dieu tra.
Chiing thufc 9 bf ldp cdn triing va 1 bf ldp hinh nhfn (btog 1).
Bang 1. So Ivong Ioai con triing va nhfn nho bfi 3k phat hifn if Vift Nam (2006 - 2010)
TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ten cac b$
Isoptera - Cdnh bSng Orthoptera - Cdnh thing Homoptera - CSnh 6eu Hemiptera - Canh ni>a Thysanoptera - Cdnh to"
Coleoptera - Canh cO'ng Lepidoptera - Canh vay Diptera - Hai cdnh Hymenoptera - Canh mang Acari - Ve bet (nhen nho)
T6ng so
s6ho
da thu t h i p
1 3 19
9 2 14 23 5 1 3 80
s a l o i i da thu th9P S6 loal 3 29 146 58 13 93 155 16 1 17 631
Ty 1$ so tong s 6
(%)
0,56 5,46 27,50 10,92 2,45 17,51 29,20 3,01 0,19 3,20 100,0
S i loal da xdc djnh tSn
S i lodi
1 26 131
53 9 32 138 13 1 14 468
T * 1$ so t o n g s 6
(%)
33,3 89,66 89,73 91,38 69,23 88,17 89,03 81,25 100,0 82,35 88,14
S i l o i i chipa
xdc djnh ten
2 3 15 5 4 11 17 3 0 3 63
HQI NGHI CON TRCING HQC QUOC GIA LAN THLf 7 - HA NQI 2011
Cac Ioai da phat hifn va thu thap dugc tap trung nhieu nhit d bd Canh vay Lepidoptera vdi 155 Ioai, chilm 29,20% tdng sd loai da thu thap. Diing thir hai vl sd Iugng Ioai da thu thfp la bd Canh diu Homoptera voi 146 Ioai, chilm 27,50% tdng sd Ioai da thu thap. Diing thir ba, thu tu va thir nam ve sd Iugng Ioai da thu thap la bd Canh cirng Coleoptera, bg Canh nua Hemiptera va bd Canh thang Orthoptera, tuong img la 93 Ioai (hay 17,51% tdng sd loai), 58 Ioai (chilm 10,92% tdng sd loai) va 29 loai (chilm 5,46% tdng sd loai). Cac bd khae cdn lai, moi bd cd sd Ioai da phat hifn dugc biln dgng till din 17 loai (btog 1).
Trong sd nhimg Ioai cdn triing va nhfn nhd da thu thap, mdi xac dinh dugc ten khoa hgc cho 468 Ioai, chilm 88,14% tdng sd loii thu thap. 63 dang Ioai chua xac dinh dugc tdn (chilm 11,86%). Cae loai chua xac dinh tdn khoa hgc chii yeu tap trung d bd Canh vay (17 loai), Canh diu (15 Ioai) va Ctoh ciing (11 Ioai), eac bd khac c6 tir 2 den 5 loai chua xac djnh dugc ten khoa hgc.
Ddi chieu nhimg loai da xac dinh duge ten khoa hgc vdi cac tai lifu da cdng bd cho thay cd it nhat 22 loai dugc ghi nhto Ito dau cho khu hf cdn trimg d Viet Nam. Dd la cac Ioai Nilaparvata bakeri Muir, Laodelphax sirlatellus (Fall.), Aleurocanthus citriperdus Quaintance & Barker, Killfla acuminata (Sign.), Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, Ericeroldes zaitzevi Danzig, Taiwansaisselia formicarii (Green), Planococus litchi Cox, Pseudococcus apoplanus Williams, Pseudococcus crytus Hempel, Rastrococcus invadens Williams, Rastrococcus spinosus (Robinson), Abgrallaspls cyanophylli Sign., Aulacaspls manglferae Newst., Duplaspidtotus claviger Cock (bg Homoptera);
Pygomenida bengalensis (Westw.), Pygomenida varipennis (Westw.), Scotinophara scolli (Horv.) (bd Hemiptera); Euproctis crocea Worbis, Orvasca subnotata Walk, (bg Lepidoptera); Conlarinla sp. due mim lfc cam, Procontarinia manglcola (Shi) (bg Diptera).
Xac dinh lai ten khoa hgc cho 5 loai cdn triing hai cay trdng, gdm Acrlda cinerea Thunberg (tai hfu trudc day ghi la Acrlda chinensis Westw.), Bemisia formosana Takahashi (tki lifu trudc day ghi la Aleyrocybolus indicus Den. Et Sch.), Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) (tai lifu trudc djly ghi la Rhopalosiphum pseudobrasslcae Davis), Nlsla nervosa (Motsch.) (tai lifu trudc day ghi la Nisia atrovenosa Leith.) va Chilades lajus (StoII) (tai lifu tnrdc day ghi la Chilades latus Cramer).
So hryng loai con triing hai phat hifn tren mot so cay trong chi'nh a Viet Nam Sd Iugng Ioai cdn trimg hai thu dugc tren cac Ioai cay trdng rit khac nhau. Cay Iiia va cay cam cd sd lugng loai cdn triing hai thu dugc nhilu nhit va tuong ling la 78 va 84 loai. Cay ho tidu va cay thanh long cd sd Ioai sau hai da thu dugc dat thip nhit, moi cay chi mdi phat hifn dugc 18-19 loai (btog 2).
HQI NGHI C O N T R C I N G HQC QUOC GIA LAN THCT 7 - H A NQI 2011
Bang 2. So loai sau hai d3 phdt hifn 3u</c trong dgt dieu tra nSm 2006 - 2010
TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ten cdy tring
didu tra
Lua Cai an Id Cai bap Su hao St^plo' Lac Cacao Ca phe Chd Dieu
S i lodi sdu h?i Phdt
tilfn
78 24 30 24 23 62 24 53 44 37
Xdc djnh ten
75 23 28 23 21 50 16 44 37 30
Ghl nh$n ldn dau "
9 3 2 2 5
8 9 4 6
TT
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Tdn cdy t r i n g
didu tra
H i tidu Bu^i Cam Chanh QuJI Nhan Thanh long Vai Xodi
s i lodi sdu h^l Phdt
hi^n 18 70 84 36 51 49 19 48 61
Xdc djnh tdn 12 66 77 31 47 43 12 44 54
Ghl nh$n llln ddu "
2
17 17 4 8 5 7 4 12
Ghi chu: '** Bao g^m cd loai ghi nh^n 1^ d4u cho khu h§ cin trimg o nir6c ta.
Tren tat ca cae cay trong nghien cihi deu cd mau sto h^ii thu dugc chua xac djnh ten. Cay trdng cdn it nhit la 1 - 2 Ioai chua xdc dinh ten (nhu cay cai to Id va su hao).
Cay cdn nhilu miu chua xac djnh khoa hgc la cdy ca cao va ca phe tuong ling vdi 8 va 9 Ioai mdi cay (btog 2). Ty If mau da xac dinh dugc ten khoa hgc djt thip nhit d cay thanh long vdi 63,2%. Cdy cd ty If miu dS xdc dinh ten dat cao nhit Id cay Ilia va cSy lac vdi 96,2 - 96,3% mau da xac dinh ten.
Ddi chieu nhiing loai dd xac dinh dugc ten cua tirng Ioai cay trdng vdi cdc tdi lifu da cdng bo cho thiy kit qua lin dilu tra nay da bd sung khd nhilu lodi sdu hji cho danh I\ic nhitag cay trong dugc nghien cihj. Tren cdy budi vd cay cam cd sd lodi sdu hai duoc bd sung dat nhieu nhit, mdi cdy 17 lodi. Cdy xoai cd 12 Ioai sdu hai dugc bd sung. Cdc cay khdc cdn lai, moi cay cd 2 - 9 loai sau hai dugc bd stmg. Rieng cay l?c, mdi dilu tra dugc then gian ngto trong lac vu thu ddng a ckc tinh phia Bdc, nen khdng bo sung dugc lodi sdu hai ndo (btog 2).
Dd dilu tra trong pham vi cd nucrc tren 19 lojii cay trong vao cdc ndm 2006 - 2010, da phdt hien dugc 531 Ioai cdn triing vd nhfn nhd gdy hai cdc cay trdng. Trong dd, radi xdc djnh dugc ten khoa hgc cho 468 lodi chilm 88,14% tdng s6 lodi thu thfp. 63 d?ng lodi chua xdc dinh dugc ten (chilm 11,86%).
HQI NGHI CON TRONG HOC QUOC GIA LAN THO" 7 - HA NQI 2011
Ddi chilu nhQng Ioai da xdc dinh dugc tdn khoa hgc vdi cdc tdi lieu dd cdng bd cho thiy cd it nhit 22 lodi dugc ghi nhan lin diu cho khu hf cdn trimg d Vift Nam. Da xdc djnh lai ten khoa hgc cho 5 loai edn trimg hsi.
Cay Ilia va cdy cam cd sd lugng loai chto khdp gay hai thu dugc nhidu nhat vd tuang ling la 78 va 84 loai. Cay tieu vd cay thanh long cd sd loai sau h ^ dd thu dugc dat thip nhit, chi Id 18 -19 lodi. Da bd sung khd nhieu lodi sau hai cho danh lyc nhirng cay trdng dugc nghidn cuu, so lucmg lodi dugc bd sung tir 2 lodi (cdy cai bip, su hdo, hd tieu) din 17 lodi (cdy budi, cam).
TAI LI$U THAM KHAO
1. Barion A.T., J.A. Listinger, 1994. Taxonomy of rice insect pests and their arthropod parasites and predators. Biology and management of rice insects. IRRI.
2. Blackman R.L., V.F. Eastop, 1984. Aphids on the world's crops: An identification guide.
British Museum, John Wiley & Sons.
3. Lekagul B., K. Askins, J. Nabhitabhata, A.Samruadkit, 1977. Field guide to the butterflies of Thailand. Bangkok.
4. Martin T.H., 1999. The whitefly fauna of Australia.
5. Monstyrskii A., A. Devyatkin, 2001. Cdc Ioai budm phd bien d Vif t Nam. Ha Ngi.
6. Shepard B.M., G.R Camer, A.T. Barrion, P.A.C. Ooi, H.van den Berg, 1999. lisects and their natural enemies associated with vegetables and soybean in southeast Asia. (Quality Printing Company, USA.
7. Vifn Bao vf thirc vft, 1975. Kit qua dieu tra bfnh cay 1967 - 1968. NXB. Ndng nghifp Ha Nfi.
8. Vien Bao vf thuc vft, 1997. Phuang phap nghien ciru Bao vf thuc vat, tap 1. NXB. Ndng nghifp Ha Nfi.
9. Vien Bao vf thuc vft, 1999a. Ket qua dieu tra bfnh cay tai cac tinh phia Nam. NXB. Ndng nghifp H4 Nfi.
10. Vifn Bao vf thuc vft, 1999b. Ket qua dieu tra cdn trimg va bfnh cay an qua d Vift Nam..
NXB. Nong nghifp Ha Nfi.
11. Williams D. J., 2004. Mealybugs of southern Asia.
12. Wilson M.R, M.F. Claridge, 1991. Handbook for the identification of leafhoppers and planthoppers of rice. CABI & NRl.
*Thdm djnh khoa hgc: GS.TS. Ha Quang Hiing - Trudng Dai hgc Ndng nghifp Ha Ndi.
HQl NGHI C Q N T R O N G HQC QUOC GIA L A N THCf 7 - H A NQl 2011 S U M M A R Y
RESULTS OF SURVEYS FOR INSECT A N D MITE PESTS O F MAIN C R O P S IN VIETNAM DURING 2 0 0 6 - 2 0 1 0
Pham Van Lam, Quach Thi Ngo, Le Thi Tuyet Nhung, Truong Thi Lan, The Truong Thanh, Bui Van Dung Plant Protection Research Institute
The surveys for insect and mite pests of market crops in Vietnam have been conducted at Ihe Plant Protection Research Institute during 2006-2010. This paper presents the main findings of these surveys.
In total, 531 species of insects and mites have been recorded on 19 crops in the whole country during 2006 - 2010. They belong to 9 orders cf insects and 1 order of mites. These species were concentrated in orders of Lepidoptera {155 species), Homoptera (146 species), Coleoptera (93 species), Hemiptera (58 species) and Orlhoptera (29 species). Other orders have less recorded species (ranged from 1 to 17 species).
Among the identified species, 22 species are new for the entomofauna of Vietnam, namely Nilaparvata bakeri Muir, Laodelphax striatellus (Fall.), Aleurocanthus citriperdus Quaintance & Barker, Kilifia acuminata (Sign.), Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, Ericeroides zaitzevi Danzig, Taiwansalssetia formicarii (•Green), Planococus litchi Cox, Pseudococcus apoplanus Williams, Pseudococcus crytus Hempel, Rastrococcus invadens Williams, Rastrococcus spinosus (Robinson), Abgrallaspls cyanophylli Sign., Aulacaspls manglferae Newst.. Duplaspidiotus claviger Cock (Homoptera); Pygomenida bengalensis (Westw.). Pygomenida varipennis ^/Vestw.). Scotinophara scotti (Horv.) (bg Hemiptera); Euproctis crocea Worbis. On/asca subnotata Walk. (Lepidoptera); Contarinia sp. Procontarinia manglcola (Shi) (Diptera).
The investigated crops virith the highest recorded number of pest species are orange - tree (84 species), rice (78 species), pomelo (70 species) and mango (61 species). Other investigated crops have less recorded number species of pests (ranged from 18 to 53 species).
Keywords: Surveys, insect and mite pests, main crops, recorded number species of pests.
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