Xay dUng va phat trien tai nguyen giao due md ol cac trudng dai hpc
Liitfng Dinli H^i<, Vu Thj Ptitfdng Tlido', Nguyiln Hoai Thu^
' Email' lua[igdii)hhai@gmail com ' Email- [email protected] 3 Email. hoarthiihcq@gmail com Vi$n Khoa hoc Gido due Vi^t Nam 101 TrSn HimgO^o, HoSn Ki^m, Ht Npi, Vi^l Nam
TOM TAT: Vdi cac die trUng dip dng muc tldu giao due, mien phi ve bin quyen vi cdng ngh$, dS dang chia si, tai nguydn giao due md dang la xu the toan ciu cua giio dgc va dao t^o trong chia sd tri thdc. Vdi vi tri la trung tdm hgc ll$u cOa cd sd giao due d^i hgc, thd vien trudng dai hgc ddng vai trd quan trgng trong quy trinh xuit bin tai nguyen giao due md vA phat trien ngi dung tii li$u.TC/ tht/c trang xay di/ng va phat trien tai nguyen giao due md trong thdi gian qua, bai bao de xuat cic md hinh xiy dung va phit triSn tai nguyen giio due md trong thU vien cac trudng dai hgc, td dd cac khuyen nghi dUdc dUa ra nhim giii quyet cac ton tai va nang cao hieu qui triin khai tai nguyen giao due md d Viet Nam.
lis KHOA: OER; 1^1 nguyen giao due m(t; thif vidn; trUdng da! hoc; mo hinh.
•» Nh^n b^i 12/4/2020 •> NhSn bai da ctiinh siia 07/6/2020 -> Duyet dang 15/7/2020
1. Diit van de
Doi voi tat ca cac linh v^c, vin de iing dyng va phat trien cic cong ngh? tiSn tien dang duoc mi tien hang dau nham nang cao chat lu^ng va toi im hoa hi?u qua. Trong giao dye (GD) v£i dao tao, xay dung OER (Open Educational Resources - OER) la xu th6 nham tao l|lp va se chia tri thiic th6ng qua cac dac trung cua no. Voi s^r xuat hien ciia OER, thu vi?n cac trucmg dai hpc (DH) kh6ng don thuin chi cung cip hpc li6u ma con phai tham gia vao qua trinh xuat ban tai li?u ma va phat trien noi dung tai lieu. Dap irag sir thay d6i cua boi canh moi, cac truong DH a Vi?t Nam da chu trpng din xay dung v^ phat tri6n OER de ph\ic vu nhu cSu hpc tiip va giang day ngay cang da dang ciia giang vien va sinh vi6n, Tuy nhien, trong qua trinh trien khai, truong DH con gap nhieu kho khan, vuong mac do nhung ySu t6 khdch quan va chii quan. Bai viet neu len th\rc trang xay di^g va phat tri6n OER, dk xuSt cac mo hinh xay dimg va phat tri^n OER trong thu vien cac truong DH, tir do dua ra cac khuyin nghi n h ^ giai quyet cac t6n t^i v^ nang cao hi?u qua triin khai OER a Viet Nam.
2. N $ i d u n g n g h i e n cuTu
2.1. Vai Iro cua xay diTng va phdt trien OER d cac trifdng dai hoc Xay dung OER la xu the m6i trong vi?c tao lap va chia se tri thijc. Thu^t ngU OER dugrc UNESCO thong qua vao nam 2002 tai mpt diSn dan ve tac dpng ciia chuang trinh hpc mo doi voi GD DH a cac nuac dang phat trien [1].
Theo quan ni?m cua UNESCO, OER co thi dupe coi la bSt cii tai li?u GD nao nSm trong pham vi/mien cong cpng hojc dupe phat hanh theo mpt giSy phep ma, bat cii ai cung c6 thi sao ch^p, sii d\mg, siia doi va chia se mpt each hpp phdp cac tai li?u nay. OER co thi la giao trinh, khung chirong trinh dao t&o, de cuong mon hpc, bdi giang, bai
luan, cac bai kiem tra, cac du an, am thanh, video va hinh anh dpng [2]. Cac nha GD tao ra OER voi muc dich la cho phep t4t ca giao vien su dung, chinh sira, kit hap cac ngu6n va tao ra npi dung moi ma khong bi vi pham bail quyin [3]. Cac truang DH su dung ngu6n hpc lieu nay de phuc vu cac chuang trinh dao tao khac nhau ma hp dang triin khai, ap dung OER trong lap hpc mang lai li^i ich cho smh vien bang each giam chi phi khoa hpc va giang vien tu do hem trong viec lira chpn cac cong cu giang day [4].
Mpt trong cac yiu to quan trpng nhit anh hucmg den OER tai cac trucmg DH do la thu vien. Thu vi?n trucmg DH - mpt yiu t6 ciia qua trmh dao tao, la trung tam hpc lieu phuc vu qua trinh giang day cua giang vien va hpc tap cua hoc vien. Ci day cung cap nhieu nguon thong tm day dii, toan dien, phong phii va da dang, bao gom bao, tap chi, giao trinh, sach tham khao, ngudn thong tiii dien tir, ca so du lieu tra ciiu, cac khoa hpc true tuyen.. .Tat ca cac nguon thong tin nay da dupe sang Ipc, kiem nghi?m, dam bao tinh phap Ii nham tao ra moi tnrong tin cay vai he thong tri thiic rpng lan, da dang giiip giang vien va hpc vien tu hpc tap va nghien ciiu mot each hieu qua nhit.
Voi su xuit hien ciia OER, thu vien khong dan thuin chi cung cap hoc lieu, bao g6m ca hpc lieu truyln thong va OER ma con phai tham gia vao qua trinh xuit ban tai lieu ma. Dilu do dam bac tai lieu mo phii hpp vdi chuang trmh dao tao ciia hirdng DH, d6ng thai dam bao cac yeu ciu ve cong nghe luu trir va khai thac cung nhu tinh phap li ciia no. Nhilu nha nghien cuu 6 Vi?t Nam dS khing dinh vai tro ciia thu vien trong viec phat trien OER tai Vift Nam.
Vi hi cua thu vi?n chi it quan trpng hem tim nhin va quan dilm cua nha quan li vl phat triin OER. Ngupc lai. thu vien quan trpng han nhieu yeu to, bao gom co che, chinh sach phat triin OER. ngudn nhan l\rc trien khai OER; \ an
Sfi 32 t h ^ ^2020 7
NGHlENCaULfLUAN
de ban quyen tai lieu; cong nghe thiit kl, phat triin, luu fru, khai thac OER; kinh phi phat triin OER; quy mo co so GD DH va su hop tac gitta cac don vi GD DH.
2.2. ThUc trang xay diTng va phat trien OER H cac tn/ilng dai hpc Tren thi gioi, Hiep hpi tai nguyen GD mo (Open Course Ware Consoriium) da dupe thiit lap dl cac trucmg DH va vien nghien cuu h-en thi gioi chia se npi dung, cong cu cung nhu phuang thiic triin khai OER dl dat dupe hieu qua cao nhat. Giang vien, sinh vien va nguai hpc a mpi nai tren the giai, dac biet la tir cac nuac dang phat triin nhu Viet Nam diu co co hpi nhu nhau trong vi?c tilp can cac tri thiic moi. C) Viet Nam, da c6 nhimg budc di cu thi d6 dap ling vdi su thay ddi ciia Cach mang cdng nghe 4.0 va mdi trudng GD md dang ngay cang Ian rpng. Thang 11 nam 2005, Chuang trinh hpc lieu md Viet Nam (Vietnam Open Courseware - VOCW) ra ddi, tren co sd hpp tac giu'a Bp GD&DT va cac td chirc hd trp khac. Chucmg trinh hudng tdi myc tieu xay dyng kho OER ciia ngudi Viet va cho ngudi Vi?t, cd npi dung phong phii, cd the sir dung, tai sir dung va tmy nhap mien phi trudc het trong mdi trudng giang day, hpc tap va nghien cim sau do cho toan xa hpi.
Cimg vdi nhung thay ddi tren. Dang va Nha nudc da ra nhilu chinh sach nham thiic day GD DH theo hudng md de mpi ngudi dan Vi?t Nam cd the tiep can nhim nang cao chat lupng ngudn nhan lire tai chd cho cac dia phuang, gdp phan tSng ti le dan sd dupe tiep can vdi GD DH. Chinh vi vdy, vifc xdy dyng, phat trien nguon OER d cdc trudng DH cdng trd n6n quan trpng. Nhan thirc tam quan trpng cua OER, nhieu chuyen gia GD ddnh gid cao vai tro, tiem ndng to Idn cua cac trudng DH va thu vien cdc trudng DH ttong viec xdy d\mg, phdt triin nguon OER. Cdc trudng DH va thu vi?n can phdt huy nhtrag uu the ciia minh ve dpi ngu gidng vien, cdc nhd nghien ciiu va sinh vien cd trinh dp, tri thOrc, kl nang de giir vai trd tien phong trong xay dung vd phdt trien OER. Trong qua hinh nay, cac trudng khd cd the tien hanh don le ma can ket ndi thanh nen tdng cpng ddng, cimg xay dung va chia se. Trong dieu kifn khdng dil kinh phi de mua cdc ngudn hpc lieu can thiet, ben c^nh dd ngudn OER va mien phi tren the gidi cdn han chf, ciing nhu vifc bdn dia hoa ngudn hpc lieu nay khdng thyrc SIX de dang, thi vifc cac trudng DH Viet Nam cimg hpp tde xay dung OER npi sinh cd the coi la mpt giai phap hiJu hifu cho van de nay [5].
Tuy nhien. tten thyc te, thyc tr^ng xay dung va phat trien OER d thu vien cac trudng DH chua tuong ximg vdi tiem ndng va ki vpng ciia cdc ben lien quan. Cac nghien ciru gdn day chi ra rdng, cdc thu vifn DH Viet Nam chua dap ling tot nhu cau ve hpc lifu ciia giang vien. sinh vien vd nha nghien ciiu [6]. Viec thieu hut cac tai nguyen hpc tap da dnh hudng khdng nhd den chat lupng dao tao va nghien ciiu cua DH Vift Nam.
Trong nghien cim de cap d tren, cac tde gid da dua ra thyc trang hien nay d cdc tnrdng DH d Vift Nam. viec xay dyng OER d cac trudng chi mdi d giai doan bit dau cdn rat nhd le, viec trien khai sii dyng hf thdng e-leaming cdn
rit nhilu h^n ehl. Da sd giang vien sii dyng e-leammg chu yiu dl chieu cac phin tdm luac bai giang. diing ^ediem danh va ra bai tap dan gidn, chua xay d\rng thanh mpt bai giang dien tir hodn chinh theo dimg kit ciu gdm: de cucmg chi tilt, bdi gidng chi tilt, kho bai tap, kho ddp an va danh gid online. Cac nguyen nhan ciia thgc t r ^ g nay dupc_xem xet Id: a/ Khdng ranh vl cdng nghf, mdt thdi gian dau hr nhung sd tiln gidng lai it; b/ Khd khdn khi chuyen_rir tdi lifu truyln thdng (sach) sang tai lifu difn tir; c/ Thieu cac bdi tap tinh hudng va kho bdi tap timg chuang, ngan hang cdu hdi; d/ Gidng vien khdng dupe trang bi kl ndng, kien thue, cdng nghf dl xay dung tai lifu cho OER; e/Trudng chua cd phin mim dl quan li dl cucmg chi tilt tdt cd cdc mdn hpc ttong chuang trinh ddo tao cac nganh; f7 Da sd smh vien chua chu ddng ttong vifc tiep nhan phuong thiic giao tilp tim kilm kho dii lifu md; g/ Vifc chia se OER giua cdc ttudng DH Vift Nam cdn khd h£in che do vudng yiu td cdng nghe, chi phi vdn hdnh va yiu td ban quyin [7].
Ngdy 20 thdng 9 ndm 2019, Bp GD&DT da ra cdng vdn sd 4301/BGDDT-GDTX vl viec xdy dyng va phat ttiln OER ttong cac trudng DH, hpc vifn, trudng DH, tnrdng cao ding su pham. Theo cdng van, vifc nang cao nh§n thiic, xay dyng, td chiic triin khai ke hoach phdt trien, khai thdc sii dyng OER, ket ndi, chia se OER vdi cdc co sd GD, cdc td chiic, ca nhdn trong vd ngoai nudc; Bien s o ^ tdi lieu, chucmg trinh, khoa hpc md, tr\rc tuyen cdn tiep tyc dupe ddy manh tai cdc ca sd GD DH nhdm ndng cao chit lupng ngudn nhdn luc tai chd cho cdc dja phuang, gdp phdn tang ti If dan sd dupe tiep c^n vdi GD DH thdng qua hinh thiic GD thudng xuyen. Trudng DH Md Hd N^i vd Tnrdng DH Md Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh du^c giao nhiem vy xay dyng bp tieu chudn ddnh gid cdc OER ciia Vift Nam; Trudng DH Tdn Diic Thing thi dilm xdy dyng va trien khai md hinh hpp tac chuyen giao cdng nghf khai thac su dyng OER cho cdc trung tam GD thudng xuyen phyc vu hpc tap cdng ddng.
2.3. M6 hinh xay difng vi phat trien OER trong thif vt$n cic trudng dai hoc
2.3.1. M6 hinh xuat ban tai lieu md
Ddi vdi vifc xuit ban OER, thu vifn la diu moi lien kit cdc ddi tuong/nhdm ddi tugng tham gia thyc hifn cac budc ttong quy trinh. Md hinh sau day trinh bdy quy trinh xuat ban tai lifu md ciia FETP OCW, Chuang trinh Gidng d^y Kinh tl FuUbright [8] thupc Trudng Fullbright, duac thanh lap ndm 1994 vdi sy hpp tac giiia Trudng DH Kinh tl thanh pho Hd Chi Minh vd Tnrdng DH Harvard Ketmedy (xem Hinh 1).
Hinh 1 cho thiy, thu vifn d vi tii ttung tam ciia md hinh, cd sy ket ndi tnfc tiep vdi dpi ngu gidng vien bp mdn (lya chpn tai lifu mdi), dpi ngu dich thudt, bp phan gido vy va bp ph$n xuat bdn tai lifu \ a cd kit ndi gidn tilp vdi dpi ngii giang vien (hifu dinh tai lifu). Quy ninh xudt bdn tdi Iifu md gdm cd 6 budc, cy the nhu sau:
Bu&e I: Giang vien bp mdn lya chpn tdi tifu mdi phyc TAP CHi KHOA HQC GlAO DIJC VlfT NAM
FETP OCW (Xudt bdn t ^ li«u)
GlANGWeN (Lva chon tdi ti^umdiX
T H l / V i e N (Xin bdn quydn dich tft
DfCH T>WAT (Oicli tdi lieu)
GlAOVV (Sao, in vA pMt tA liOu
ct)o hq)c vi4n)
Hinh 1: Quy trinh xudt bdn tdi lieu ma cua Chucmg trinh Gidng day Kinh te Fullbright. Nguon: Trucmg Minh Hda (2007) vy Dpi dung gidng day. Thu vifn tiep nhan thong tin tai
lifu de lien hf tde gid xin ban quyen dich tdi lifu.
Bu&c 2: Sau khi dupe sy chap thuan ciia tac gid, thu vien chuyen tdi lifu den dpi ngii dich thuat. Dpi ngii dich thu^t tilp nh§n tdi lifu vd td chiic trien khai.
Buae 3: Dfi ngu dich thu?t chuyen tai Ueu dich den dpi ngu giang vifn dl hifu dinh vl chuyen mdn.
Bu&e 4: Tdi lifu djch da hifu dinh gui dfn bp phan giao vy dl sao, in vd phdn phdt cho gidng vifn vd hpc vien.
Bu&c 5: Thu vifn tilp nhan tdi lifu dich (bao gdm cd tai lifu ttuyin thdng vd tai lifu dien tii) de trien khai cdc dich vy thu vifn.
Bu&c 6: Thu vifn xuat ban tai lieu difn hi tten hf thdng OER FETP OCW.
Tuy nhifn, quy trinh 6 budc nay dupe md td dua tten yfu cau ddc thii ciia Trudng Fullbright nen day khdng phdi Id mo hinh co bdn de xuat ban tdi lifu md. Cac yeu td ddc thii can xem xft d day la:
Danh sdch tdi lipu m&i: Danh sdch khdng chi dupe xdy dyng bdi giao vifn bp mdn md cdn cd s\r trao ddi va thdng nhat vdi thu vifn nhdm dam bdo tinh kha thi ciia tai lifu nhir Id kinh phi bdn quyen (neu cd), tdi Ufu thay the ttong tmdng hpp khdng xin dupe ban quyen, df xuat dpi ngii dich thu^t phii hgp vdi npi dung, kilm tta tinh trimg lap tai lifu, cdc tdi lifu difn tu n^i dung tuang tu hifn cd sin...
Hi^u dinh tdi lipu: Dpi ngii giang vien bd mdn va dpi ngii gidng vifn hifu dinh cd the Id mdt nhdm. Gido vien bp mon tim kilm, lya chpn tdi lieu mdi, ddng thdi la ngudi cd chuyen mdn sau vl npi dung tdi lieu nen cd the ddm bao thyc hifn hifu dinh tdi lifu.
Dgng tai lipu: Df xay d\mg OER nen tai lifu nen xay dyng d^ng difn tii, tdi lifu ttuyen thdng in vdi sd lupng it dl phyc vy cdc ho^t dpng thu vifn.
Td ehiie khai thdc OER: Thu vifn la ttimg tam hpc lifu, bao g6m ca OER, do dd vifc xuat bdn tdi lifu md ciing nhu vifc td chirc, khai thdc nen do thu vifn thyc hif n nhim dam bto tinh cau tnic ciia hf thdng OER, tinh kit ndi vdi ngudn
hpc lieu truyen thdng. Sau khi luge bd mpt sd van de lien quan din cdc yiu td dac thii tten, md hinh xuat ban tdi lifu md CO bdn 4 budc dugc de xudt nhu sau (xem Hinh 2):
PH: puQ
Hinh 2: Md hinh xudt bdn tdi Ueu ma de xuat Quy trinh cua md hmh dl xuit vdi 3 nhdm: dpi ngu gidng vien, thu vifn, dpi ngii dich thuat dugc thyc hifn nhu sau:
Bu&e I: Gidng vien bg mdn vd thu vifn thdng nhat danh sach tai lieu mdi dua tten yeu ciu mdn hpc, yeu cdu dich thudt, dilu kien kinh phi, tai lieu dien tii ngi dung tucmg t\r hifn cd... ddng thdi ddi ngu dich thuat cung dupe thao luan.
Bu&c 2: Danh sach tai lieu mdi sau khi thdng nhat dupe thu vifn lien hf vdi tde gia quyin dich thuat vd xuat ban tai lifu dien tir va chuyin tai lifu din dpi ngu dich thuat dugc de xudt d budc 1.
Bu&c 3: Dpi ngii dich thudt td chiic dich tai lifu, ttong qud trinh nay hp cd thi phdi hop vdi gidng vien bp mdn dich ndi dung chuyen mdn sau.
Bu&c 4. Tdi lieu sau chuyin ngir vdi sy nhit tti ciia gido vien bp mdn dupe chuyin din thu vifn. Thu vifn td chirc luTJ ttij tdi lifu, xuit bdn tdi lieu difn tii va thyc hifn khai thac tai lifu.
2.3.2. Mo hinh phai trien lai lieu md
a. Md hinh phdt triin OER trong phgm vi truang DH Vifc phat triin OER ttong pham vi trudng DH phy thugc nhilu nhit vao tim nhin vd quan diem cua cac cdp qudn li nhd ttudng [5]. Su img hg phdt triin OER ciia Idnh dao giiip nha tnidng cd nhieu dieu kien thudn Ipi ve kmh phi.
sa 32 thang 8/2020 9
NGHIEN COTULfLUAN
ca che phat trien tai lieu md, vl chinh sdch khuyin khich tat ca cdc thanh phan tham gia ttong do cd ca hpc vien la cpng dong Idn nhat ttong trudng DH. Ngugc lai, thilu su iing hd cua lanh dao thi nha tnrdng gap khd khan ttong vifc md rdng ngudn tai lifu md, lam han chi kha ndng tilp can tri thiic cua dpi ngii giang vien vd hpc vien.
Dil cd dugc su hd ttp cua lanh dao tnidng DH hay khdng thi qua trinh phdt trien OER van can su tham gia ciia tdt ca cdc thanh phan ttong nha trudng. Hg la nhiing ngudi true tiep hoac gidn tiep su dyng OER, bao gom dpi ngii cdn bd quan li cdc cdp, dpi ngii gidng vien, hpc vien, thu vien vd cac bp phan chiic ndng. Tdt ca cac thanh phdn ndy tham gia vao md hinh phat trien tdi lieu vdi quy trinh 3 budc nhu sau:
Buae 1: Tat ca thdnh phan tham gia gidi thieu, bd sung cho kho OER. Mdi thanh phan cd the thue hifn d cdc mirc dp khdc nhau. Giang vien bd mdn ngodi viec len danh sach tdi lieu mdi de chuyen ngu cdn cd the suu tap cac tai Ueu dien tir theo chuyen nganh, tdi lieu giang day, bdi trinh chieu. Lanh dao nha trudng td chirc mua tdi lifu difn tii/co sd du: lieu true tuyen yeu cau dao tao. Thu vifn bd sung tai lifu sd hda, tdi lifu npi sinh dang sd nhu do dn tdt nghiep, de tai, ludn v&n, ludn dn, giao trinh, tai Ufu tham khao npi b9...Hpc vien cd the hd trg thu vien sd hoa tai lifu cung nhu gidi thifu cdc tai lieu/ngudn tai lifu hd ttg hpc tap theo nhu cau cua ban than. Cac thdng tin nay dugc giri den thu vifn phdn loai xir li.
Bu&c 2: Thu vifn tien hanh ddnh gid va bo sung tdi lieu theo thdng tin dugc cung cdp. Thdng tin cd hai dang ca ban la danh sdch tai lifu/ngudn tai lifu de nghi bd sung va tai lieu difn tii. Danh sach tai lifu mdi can dich dupe thyc hien theo md hinh de xuat d muc 6 d tten. Tai lieu de nghi bd sung cdn dupe xem xet tinh hifu qua ve miic do ddp ling mdn hpc, van de ban quyen, van de kinh phi, cdc tai lifu thay the hien cd vdi npi dung tuong iing. Tai lifu dupe bd sung theo danh sdch de nghi cimg vdi tai Ufu difn tir ndi sinh dugc thu vien td chirc luu ttir, khai thac va gidi thifu rdng rai trong trudng DH.
Bu&e 3: Cac tai lieu dugc xuat ban dya tten OER ciia trudng DH tifp tuc dugc cap nhdt vao thu vifn. Tai Ufu ndy cd tinh ke thua tri thue tir kho OER, cd the la gido trinh dupe cap nhat, tai lieu tham khao chuyen nganh, cac san pham dao tao, cdc san pham thdng tin...
Md hinh 3 budc nay cho thdy viec phdt trien OER phu thudc nhieu vdo quy md dao tao, ndng tyc dao tao vd ndng lyc nghien cim ciia nhd trudng. Cac yeu td nay ve co ban cd mdi tucmg quan vdi sd lugng vd chat lugng ciia ngudn tdi lifu npi sinh. Quy md dao tao Idn thi sd lugng san pham ddo tao nhieu, ndng lyc ddo tao vd nghien cim cao thi chdt lugng tai Ufu npi sinh cao, va ngupc lai. Dieu nay phdc hpa Igi the ciia cac trudng DH cd quy md dao tao Idn va CO uy tin. Tuy nhien, cac trudng DH cd quy md dao tao nhd hon cd the tham khao phuang thirc phdt trien OER d npi dung tiep theo.
b. Md hinh phdt trien OER thdng qua lien kit Giai phdp cdng nghf la yeu td quan ttpng cdn dupe xem xet khi ldp phucmg an ket ndi OER giiia cdc trudng DH.
Tiai vien cac ttudng DH ddm bdo sir dyng chung mpt nen tang cdng nghf hodc cdc nIn tdng cdrig nghf cd tinh tuong thich cao. Mpt giai phap cd tinh xu thi hifn nay la mo hinh thu vien difn todn ddm mdy \di 4 nguyen tde ttong van hdnh hf thdng la tinh md vdi img dyng ben thir ba. kha ndng md rdng. tinh da dang da lifu, tinh hgp tde [9]. Hmh 3 dum day ttinh bay cac thdnh phdn co bdn cua giai phap. Cd die thay, thu vien DH lien kit dugc coi la mdt thdnh phan ciia trung tdm dir heu vd ndi dung chia se dl ddng thay ddi phii hpp vdi chinh sdch timg thdi dilm cua ttudng.
2 . 4 . Mot SO khuyen nghi
Thu vien cdc ttudng DH khdng thi dp dung xay dung va phat ttiln ngudn OER md khdng cd su hgp tac cua cdc ben hen quan khac. Chinh phii va cac ttudng DH cdn phat triin cac chinh sach qudc gia dl thiic diy phdt ttien OER ttong bdi cdnh nln GD md hien nay. Bd GD&DT cdn uu tien danh ngudn lire dl ddu hi xdy dyng, phdt ttien tdi nguyfn hpc lieu, tdi nguyen sd tai hf thdng cac thu vifn, ttung tam thdng tin - hpc lieu cua cac trudng DH. Ddng thdi, Bp GD&DT cdn xdy dung chinh sach khuyen khich, hd ttg, thue day cdc trudng tim kiem ddi tac, phat trien cdc dy an hpp tde qudc tl, huy dpng ngudn lyc xd hgi hda dudi nhieu hmh thirc dl bd sung, cap nh$t va phdt trien cdc ngudn tdi nguyen hpc Ufu.
Mdt he sinh thai OER cho cac DH Vift Nam can dupe tao lap, hao gdm: cdng ddng phdt triin va sii dyng, ngudn hpc lifu/npi dung md, cdc djch vy va sdn phdm, va cac nha/kenh phan phdi thdng tin. Hf smh thdi nay Id sy hpp
Hinh 3: Md hinh thu vipn ddm mdy a tru&ng DH
10 TAP CHI KHOA HOC GIAO DOC VIET NAM
tac cimg ed Igi giiia cdc ben trudng DH, gidng vien cd vai ttd eung cdp ngi dung, cac cdng ty cdng nghf kinh doanh cdng nghf md - cung cip gidi phap cong nghf va ngudi sii dyng Id sinh vien ndi rieng vd tdt cd ngudi hpc ndi chung.
Rieng ddi vdi cdc trudng DH, dk dap iing vdi sy ddi thay nhanh chdng cua bdi cdnh thi gidi, cac trudng cin thay ddi nhanh, thich iing hon vdi phuang phap dao tao tien tien theo hudng md, tang cudng iing dung cdng nghe thdng tin va truyen thdng dk gdn ket ddo tao vdi thue tiln, dap ling yeu cau ve chdt lugng ngudn nhan luc. Ben canh do, cac trudng cin da dang hda cac phuong thiic hpc tap tryc tuyen, xay dyng tai nguyen ca sd dii lieu ndi sinh, ca sd dii lifu chung kit ndi trudc hit giiia cdc trudng DH cd ciing ITnh vuc, chuyen nganh ddo tao. Dac biet, cac trudng DH sS ddng vai tt6 ndng cdt ttong vifc xdy dyng, qudn li, phat ttien, chia se cdc OER cho cdng ddng. Vifc phat trifn OER gdn vdi qud trinh dao tao tai co sd GD DH, md rdng kho hpc lieu phyc vy hoat ddng dao tao va san phdm cua ho^t dpng dao tao bd sung ngudn luc kho hpc lieu. Vifc phat trifn OER cdn gan vdi myc tieu ciia OER, do Id "md"
ve phuong thiic tiep can GD cho mpi ngudi.
Ddi vdi can bd thu vifn ttong trudng DH cin dugc dao tao dl cd dii kiln thue va nang luc, dap ung yeu cdu mdi cua vifc phat trilii OER. Cac vin dl lien quan din chinh sach phdp li, quyin tac gia, cac loai gidy phep sir dyng ttong OER, dieu kien hen quan din viec sir dung va chia se hpc lifu, cdng nghe qudn li thu vien difn tii...Can bd thu vifn cimg vdi cdc trudng DH nang cao nhan thiic cho giang vien va sinh vien ve nhiing vin dl, thu tuc dl giup viec luu trii vd khai thac OER mpt each bin viing, lien tuc vd hieu qua.
3. Ket luan
OER dang tao ra co hdi Idn cho GD DH d Viet Nam ttong vifc tiep can den ngudn hpc lifu cd chat lupng vdi chi phi thap nhat de nang cao chat lugng dao tao vd nghien cim. Ddy la qua trinh lau ddi, kho khan, can cd sy tham gia cua nhieu ben, tu van de phap !i, chinh sach, cdng nghf, su hpp tde giira cac ben, ttong do lya chpn va dp dung md hinh xay dung va phat trien OER cho thu vifn la mpt tron^
nhiing gidi phdp cdn ban de gdp phan thiic day OER tai Vift Nam, trudc het Id trong mdi trudng DH.
T^i lifu tham khdo
[1] G. Vojtech and J. Grissett, (2017), Student perceptions of college faculty who use OER, hit. Rev. Res. Open Distance Leam, vol. 18, no. 4.
UNESCO, (20l5),Howhas UNESCO supported OERs?.
S Abramovich and M. McBride, (2018), Open education resources and perceptions of financial value, hitemet High. Educ, vol. 39, no. June, pp. 33-38.
H. Crozier, (2018), Promoting open access and open educational resources to faculty, Ser. Libr., vol. 74, no 1-4,pp. 145-150.
Do Van Himg, (2015), Tong quan ve hoc liiu ma vd nhgn dgng cdc yeu to tde dpng den vipe xdy dgng vd chia se hpc Hiu md trong cdc truang dgi hgc Vipt Nam, Ki yiu Hpi thao Xay dimg nln tdng hpc lifu md cho giao due d^i hpc Vift Nam: De xuat chinh sach, tao l|p cpng dong va phdt trien gidi phap c6ng nghf, pp. 80-106.
[6] Bili Thj Anh Tuyet, (2015), Nhu cdu tin vd khd ndng ddp ung nhu cdu tin ciia cdc thir vien cac tru&ng dgi hpc Hd Npi, Luan van nganh Thong tin Thu vifn. Trucmg D^ii hgc Khoa hpc Xa hf i va Nhan van.
[7] Nguyin Minh Tri - Trdn Tan Anh Phirong, (2019), Xdy dung nguon hgc liiu ma - thue trang vd gidi phdp doi v&i tru&ng dgi hoc Viet Nam.
[8] Truong Minh Hoa, (2007), Bdn vi hpe lifu ma vd vai Iro cita hpc lieu md trong ddo tgo ngdnh khoa hgc thong tin - thu viin, pp. lA^llTi.
[9] L . D . H a i - T . H Yln-N.T.N.Thuy,(2020),Mo/iinArAu- vien tmcmg dgi hpc dua tren cong nghi diin todn dam mdy: Gidi phap ndng cao chdt lucmg dao tgo, Ki yeu Hpi thao Phat triin nguIn nhan luc nganh C6ng nghf thong tin - Thyc trang va xu the.
BUILDING AND DEVELOPING OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Luong Dinh HaP, Vu Thi Phuong Thao^
Nguyen Hoai Thu^
' Emait, luong{[email protected] 'Email' [email protected] ' Email. hoalthul(cq@gmail com
r^e Vietnam National Institute ot Educational Sciences 101 Tran Hung Dao, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi. Vietnam
ABSTRACT: Open educational resource (OER) is a global trend of education and training because of its characteristics of open license that permits no- cost access. As the learning resource center of higher education institutions, libraries play an important role in building and developing OER. From the current situation of building and developing OER in recent years, the paper proposes models for building and developing OER in the university libraries.
The recommendations are also proposed to address difficulties and to improve the efficiency of the implementation of OER in Vietnam.
KEYWORDS: OER; Open educational resource; library, higher education institutions;
model.
Sfi 32 tJiang 5^2020 n