Nghien culi nhan to
anh hifofng den su" phat trien doanh nghiep nho va vufa trong ITnh vi/c cong nghiep tai tmh Thai Nguyen
LE NGOC NCTdNG' v a THj QOYMH ANH"
T d m t i t
Bdi vii't nghiin cUu vd tim hieu nhihig nhdn tdthuc sudnh hudng din sUphdt triin ciia doanh nghiip nhd vd vUa hogt dgng trong Itnh vUc cdng nghiip (DNCNNW) eda tinh Thdi Nguyin thdng qua md hinh cdu triic tuyi'n tinh (SEM). Kit qud nghien etiu dd chUng minh cd 7 nhdn tddnh hudng din sUphdt triin cua DNCNNW ttnh Thdi Nguyen, dd Id: Chinh sdch hd trg lit Chinh phti; Chinh sdch hd trg ciia dia phUOng; Ndng luc quan ly ciia ehu doanh nghiip; Nguon nguyin liiu day du; Lao ddng cd trinh do eao; Tiip can da dgng nguon tdi chinh; vd Trinh do khoa hge, edng nghi hiin dgi.
TH khda: doanh nghiep nhd vd vUa, cdng nghiip, phdt trien, SEM. Thdi Nguyen Summary
This article clarifies factors influencing the development of Thai Nguyen province-based industrial SMEs through SEM model. The ouput reveals 7 factors, namely Government's support; Local support; Management capacity of business owners; Full source of material;
High quality workers; Financial access; and Modern technology.
Keywords: SMEs, industrial, development, SEM, Thai Nguyen M
CICfl THIEU
Thdi Nguyen Id tfnh nam irong vijng Trung du mien nui phia Bac, cd nhieu ldi the' so sdnh ve vi tri dia ly, khi hau thuan ldi, tai nguySn khodng san, tdi nguyen rCfng phong phu, ngudn nhan Iffc ddi dao, cha't Iffdng cao, ket cau ha tang dang dffdc chii trpng dau tff... dang Id nhffng dieu kien thuan Idi de thdc day phdt triS'n cdc ngdnh cdng nghiSp ndi chung, cdc doanh nghiep hoat dpng trong linh virc nay ndi rieng. Thd'ng ke cho tha'y, sd Iffdng DNCNNW chiS'm trSn 60% long sd Iffdng doanh nghiep cdng nghiep va ddng gdp Iffdng ldn lao ddng cd viec lam cho toan Tinh, vdi 15.294 lao ddng. Vi vay, bdi vie't se di sdu phan tich, lim hieu nhiing nhan id' anh hffdng den phat hien DNCNNVV tinh Thdi NguySn
Ihong qua md hinh cau true tuySn tinh (SEM). Tff dd, tdng ke't thdnh va'n de c6 tinh thffc tidn, dffa ra khuyS'n nghi mdl s^
giai phdp eho cdc nha quan ly trong viec hoach dinh chinh sdch, nham day manh hdn nffa DNCNNVV tai Thdi NguySn trong thdi gian tdi.
CG sd LY THUYET VA PHUUNC PHAP NGHIEN cOU
Casdly thuyet
TrSn the' gidi vd d Viet Nam da cd nhieu cdng trinh nghien cffff ve cac nhdn td anh hffdng tdi cdc doanh nghiSp 'ThS.. ",Tru'dng Dai hpc Kinh te va Quan tri Kinh doanh - Dai hpc Thai Mguyen
Email: [email protected]
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 29/10/2017: Ngdyplidn biin: 16/11/2017. Ngdy duyel ddng: 21/11/2017 6Q
nhd vd vffa, nhff: Ibrahim Umar (2008), Abrar M., Razani M. J., & Nurul M. G. I.
(2015), Phan Thi Minh Ly (2011), Trinh Dffc Chilu (2010). Trong cdc nghiSn cffu nay, cd the k^ de'n ede nhdn td' sau:
Su hS trg tU phia ehinh phU Mdi trffdng kinh doanh dffdc nhin nhan nhff la nhan td' tdc ddng dS'n sff phat trien DNCNNVV, bao gom cac nhan td' ndm bSn ngodi doanh nghiSp, dinh hffdng va dnh hffdng trffc tie'p den cdc hoat ddng quan Iy trong doanh nghiSp (Umar Ibrahim, 2008). CJ day, chinh phii cd vai trd rd't quan trpng trong viSc tao ra moi trffdng chinh tri, mdi trffdng dau Iff hd'p dan khdng nhffng cho cac DNCNNVV, md cdn cho cd cOng ddng doanh nghiSp ndi chung.
Chinh sdch ho trg cda dia phuang Chinh sach hd trd cua dia phffdng dd'i vdi cac DNCNNVV chiu sff anh hffdng tff chinh sdch chung cua chinh phu.
Song trSn tbffc le' khi trien khai thi cdc chinh sach dd lai bi ldng ghdp vdi cdc chffdng trinh hdnh ddng khac. Dieu nay gdy khd khdn cho cac DNCNNVV trong viec tie'p can va hffdng ldi tff cac chinh sach eua chinh phii. Khdng chi vay, cdc chinh sdch ho trd ciia dia phffdng, bao gdm: mat bang san xua't, hoat ddng cua hdi DNNVV, ke't ca^u ha tang hay thii luc hanh chinh deu anh hffdng de'n sff phdt tri^n chung ciia cdc DNCNNVV (Phan Thi Minh Ly, 2011; Trinh Dffc Chieu, 2010).
Nguon nguyin lieu
Ngudn nguySn liSu dffdc sff dung vao hoat dpng san xua'l ciia DNCNNVV, bao gdm: nguyen lieu chinh, nguySn lieu phu... Theo NguySn Dinh Phan, Nguyin Ke' Tuan (2007), nguySn lieu la mdt trong nhffng yS'u Id' dau vao quan trpng va khdng the thieu dffdc ddi vdi cdc doanh nghiSp sdn xuat cdng nghiep, gdp phan tao nen sff phdt tri^n ciia hS ihd'ng DNCNNVV.
Trtnh do khoa hge, cdng nghe Cdng nghe dffdc hieu Id "tap hdp nhffng hieu bi^t de tao ra cac giai phap ky thudt dffdc dp dung vao sdn xual", bao gdm: trang thiS't bi, ky nang tay nghe, kinh nghiSm cua ngffdi lao dong, cdc thdng tin, dff lieu, bi quyet san xud't va cd ye'u td' ti chffc. Peter F, Drucker (1985) nhd'n manh rdng, cdng nghe mdi giiip cai Ihien hiSu qua sdn xud'l, tao ra khd'i lifdng san pham nhilu hdn va la nguySn nhdn tao ra ldi nhu$n cho cdc DNNVV.
Trinh do ngUdi lao ddng
Theo Trinh Dffc Chilu (2010), ngudn nhdn Iffc vdi ye'u id hang dau Id tri tue, chd't xdm cd ffu thS' ndi bdt d chd nd khdng bi can kiet nS'u biet bdi dffdng, khai thdc vd sff dung hdp ly. Ne'u mdt doanh nghiep cd life Iffdng lao ddng cd ky ndng vd dffdc dao tao td't cd the tao ra hieu qua san xud't, kinh doanh cao hdn.
Ndng lue qudn ly cda bd mdy qudn ly
Nang Iffc quan ly ciia chii doanh nghiep thffdng dffdc ddnh gid thdng qua trinh dd ciia chu DNCNNVV. Theo Olawale va Garwe (2010), nang Iffc quan ly chinh la kiSn thffc, ky nang vd nang Iffc cua chu doanh nghiep, cd the gitip DNNVV hoat ddng hieu qua hdn.
Khd ndng tiip can ldi chinh
Theo quan dis'm cua Berger vd Udell (1998), d cd cdc nffdc phdt trien va dang phdt ff-iS'n, cac DNNVV diu gap trd ngai trong viec tiep cdn tin dung Iff ben ngodi.
Tren cd sd cac cdng trinh nghiSn cifu 6 tren, tdc gid dl xud't md hinh nghien cffu. gdm 7 nhdn td'anh hffdng tdi dS'n stf phai trien ciia cdc DNCNNVV tai tinh Thdi Nguyen, dd la: Hd trd Iff Chinh phu (GO); Chinh sdch hd Ird cua dia phffdng (LO); Lao ddng cd trinh dp cao (LA); Ngudn nguyen lieu ddy du (TN); Trinh dd khoa hpc cdng nghe hiSn dai (TE); Nang Iffc quan IJ (QL);
vd TiS'p cdn da dang ngudn tdi chinh (FI).
Theo do, cac gia thuylt nghiSn cffu se Id:
HI: Trinh dd khoa hoc, cdng nghS hiSn dai cd dnh hffdng thudn chilu dS'n phdt trien cac DNCNNVV tinh Thdi NguySn.
H2: Chinh sach hd trd tff Chinh phu cd anh hffdng ihuan chieu dS'n phdt triSn cac DNCNNVV tinh Thai Nguyen.
H3: Ngudn nguySn heu day du cd anb hffdng thuan chieu de^n phdt tnen cac DNCNNVV linh Thai Nguyen.
H4: Lao dpng cd irinh dd cao anh hu'dng thuan chilu dS'n phdt tnen cac DNCNNVV linh Thai Nguyen.
H5: Nang Iffc qudn ly ciia chu doanh nghiSp dnh hffdng thudn chilu dS'n phdt triln cdc DNCNNVV tinh Thai NguySn.
H6: Chinh sdch hd trd ciia dia phffdng cd dnh hffdng thuan chieu den phat irien cac DNCNNVV tinh Thdi Nguyen.
H7: Doanh nghiep cd thi tiS'p cdn da dang ngudn lai chinh anh hffdng thudn chilu den phdt trien cdc DNCNNVV tinh Thdi Nguyen.
Phuangphdp nghien cdu
Bai viet tiS'n hdnh khdo sdt 286 DNCNNVV trSn dia bdn tinh Thai NguySn. DS tranh irung lap trong cdch tra ldi, moi doanh nghiep se dffdc phdt I phiS'u cho dd'i Iffdng dilu tra la cdc cdn bd quan ly DNCNNVV tinh Thai NguySn tff cd'^p trffdng phong trd len. Ke'l qua thu ve dat 27? phie'u. trong do cd 271 phiS'u cd day du thdng tin de dffdc dem vdo phdn tich vdi 28 biS'n quan sdt. Thdi gian nghien cffu trong thdng 08/2016. NghiSn cffu sff dung Ihang do Likert 5 diem, vdi 1- Hoan loan khdng ddng y.., 5- Hoan loan dong y. Nghien cffu nay di theo bd'n bffdc, gdm: Kiem dinh dp bdi tu ciia Ihang do, Kiem dinh dd phdn biel, Phan lich nhdn td'khang dinh (CFA); Kiem dinh cdc gid thuyet nghien cffu bdng
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HiNH: KET QUA CFA MO HIMH CAC N H A N T 6 AMH Htf^MG DEM PHAT TRIEN CAC DNCNNVV TINH THAI NaOYEN
md hinh SEM (Bdi vie't sUdung cdch viit sdthdp phdn theo chudn quo'c te').
KET QUA NGHIEN CUXJ Kiem dfnh ve dg hgi tg cua thang do
Ke't qua kiem dinh ve do hpi tu cua cac thang do cho tha'y, gia tri l-value cua ta't ca gia tri truyen tai tieu chud'n ffdc Iffdng deu cd y nghia d mffc p < 0.01. He so dn cdy ciia cdc biS'n cao, dat tieu chua'n.
Kiim dinh dgphdn biit
Gia trj phdn biet giffa cac khdi niSmnghien cffu se dai dffdc neu he so' tffdng quan cua cdc khdi niem nhd hdn 1 vdi dieu kien md hinh phu hdp tdt vdi dff lieu.
KS't qud kiem dinh gid tri phdn biel giffa cac khdi niem trong md hinh tdi han cho thd'y, ta't ca cdc hS so Iffdng quan kem vdi sai lech chuan deu < 1 vd cd mffc y nghia P = 0.000. Do vdy, cdc khdi niem trong md hinh nghien cffu deu dat gia tri phdn biSt.
Phdn Hch CFA
Thang do cac nhdn to anh hffdng de'n sff phat trien eae DNCNNVV linh Thdi NguySn gdm 7 nhdn td'. vdi 28 biS'n quan sdl dffdc dffa vao phan tich CFA. KS'l qua phan tich cho tha^y, md hinh cd dp phii hdp vdi dff lieu vdi Chi - binh phffdng = 668.865, bac iff do = 436, CMIN/df =1.534 < 2, gid tri P = 0.000. Cdc chi tieu do Iffdng khdc cung dat gia tri yeu can: TLI = 0.950, CFI
=0.956 > 0.9. RMSEA = 0.044 < 0.05. Td't cd cdc trpng sd'ciia cdc bie'n deu dat > 0.5, cac gia tri P = 0.000, nen cd y nghia Iho'ng ke (Hinb).
KS't qua CFA cung khang dinh, mo hinh tdi han ciia thang do cac nhan id dnh hffdng de'n phat trie'n cdc DNCNNVV cd tinh ddn htfdng, gid tri hdi tu, gid trj phan biet, cung nhff dp lin cdy vd phil hdp vdi dff lieu dilu tra nghiSn cffff.
Kiem dinh cdc gid thuyet nghiin cUu bang SEM
Ke't qud hdi quy bang md hinh SEM tai Bang cho thay, 7 nhan id dem vdo phdn tich deu CO anh htfdng thudn ehilu de'n stf phai trien cua DNCNNVV tinh Thai NguySn.
Trong dd, nhdn id Trinh dp khoa hoc, cdng nghS hien dai cd anh hffcing manh nhd't (P
= 0.356), thff hai la nhan td TiS'p can da dang ngudn lai chinh (P = 0.266), thff ba Id nhdn td' Nang Iffc qudn 1^ ciia chu doanh nghiep (P = 0.172), Chinh sdch ho trd ciia dia phtfdng vdi P = 0.140 la nhan td thtf ttf, thff nam Id nhan id'Ngudn nguyen lieu dSy du (p = 0.133), thff sau la Lao dpng cd trinh dd cao {p = 0.13 l)vacuo'i cting Id nhan t5 Chinh sdch hd trd tff Chinh phu (p = 0.117) d mffc p< 0.
KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHj Ke't qua nghien cffu chi ra cd 7 nhan Id' dnh hffdng den sff phat trien ciia DNCNNVV tinh Thdi Nguyen, bao gom:
Chinh sdch h6 trd iff Chinh phu; Chinh sdch hd trd cua dia phffdng; NguIn nguySn lieu ddy du; Lao ddng cd trinh do cao; Trinh dd khoa hoc cdng nghe hien dai; TiS'p can da dang ngudn tdi chinh;
vd Nang Iffc quan ly cua chii doanh nghiep. Tren cd sd ke't qua nghien ctfu 6 tren, ldc gid dffa ra mdt sd' ham y chinh sdch nham phdt triln DNCNNVV tinh Thdi Nguyen, dd Id:
Dd'i vdi Chinh phu vd ehinh quyin dia phuang tinh Thdi Nguyen
TliU nhdt, can thffc hiSn cdng khai, minh bach cdc quy hoach, ke' hoach, cd chS', chinh sdch tren tffng nganh, linh vffc cu the, nha't la trong nhffng ngdnh, linh vtfc Tinh khuyS'n khich phdt trien va xud't khd'u dS' tao ra thi chii ddng va tff chiu trdch nhiem cua cdc doanh nghiSp vji nhd dau tff.
ThU hai, thffdng xuySn ra sodt, diSu cbinh, xay dffng mdi cac chinh sdch ffu ddi dau tff cho phu hdp vdi tffng thdi Ky.
dieu kien cu the vd cd sffc ha'p ddn cao, bam sdl. giai quyet kip thdi cdc vtfdng mac phat sinh, dam bdo lie'n do thtfc hi?n cdc dff dn, cdng trinh trpng diem, thiic day giai ngan cdc dff an dau ttf.
ThU ba, xdy dutig chinh sdch va chffdng tnnh ddu ttf phdt triln vung nguySn liSu ddi han, trong do, tap tmng tham canh cao de tang nang sua't chai Iffdng nguyen lieu dau vdo va hiSu qua dau tff cho ngffdi ndng dan.
A 9
ThU tu, ddo tao phdt trien ngudn nhan Iffc dia phffdng, nhd'l Id ngudn nhan Itfc chd't Itfdng cao de ddp ffng nhu cau ve lao ddng cho cdc doanh nghiep ndi chung, DNCNNVV ndi riSng.
_ ThU ndm, xay dffng cd che, chinh sdch hd trd cde DNCNNVV ddi mdi cdng nghe, dac biet ia nganh cdng nghiSp trpng dilm. Thong qua sff hd trd vd'n ban dau cua Nha nffdc, thdnh lap quy phat triln khoa hoc, cdng nghe de cd nguon kinh phi ddu tff cho boat ddng nghiSn cliff, cai tie'n ddi mdi cong nghe trong mdi doanh nghiSp, tff dd giup doanh nghiSp san sdng hdn trong viSc ddu tff, phat triln, ffng dung cong nghe mdi cho hoat ddng san xua'l, kinh doanh.
ThU sdu, ndng cao kha ndng liS'p can tdi chinh cho doanh nghiep bang cdch khuyS'n khich cac ngan hdng thffdng mai cho DNNVV vay vd'n bang tin cha'p, thay vi tai san thS' chdp nhff hien nay.
Ddi vdi DNCNNW dnh Thdi Nguyen Mot la, nang cao ndng Iffc trong qudn iri lai chinh, xdc dinh rd cd cd'u vd'n phu hdp phuc vu nhu cdu ddt ra, nam bdt dac thu cua cdc phffdng phdp huy ddng vdn, hieu rd tinh chat cua cac khoan vay. Ben
B A N G : HE sd HOI QOY CHQAN HOA CGA MO HINH LV THUYET
@1a ikaji^
HI H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7
" ' ' ' Ttfthig quan Sir phdi Irien DNCNNVV Sir phat trien DNCNNVV Sif phdt tnen DNCNNVV Sif phai irien DNCNNVV Sir phdi tnen DNCNNVV Sir phai tnen DNCNNVV Sir phdi trien DNCNNVV
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Tnnh do KHCN hien dai Chlnh sach hS trtf
t&CP Nguon nguyen
lieu day du Lao dong CO trinh do cao Nang life qudn 1^
ciia chu DN Chinh sach ho trd
cua DP Tiep can da dsing
nguon tai chinh Estimate
0.356 0 117 0 133 0-131 0.172 0.140 0.266
S.F..
0.049 0.057 0.054 0.062 0.07 0 066 0.12
C R . 7.343 2.063 2.441 2,118 2.472 2.133 2.22
P
***
0.039 0.015 0 034 0.013 0.033 0.026 Mgu<
canh dd, tang cffdng tham gia cdc hiep hdi, lien ke't vdi cac DNCNNVV hoac cac loai hinh doanh nghiep khac Ihdng qua cdc hdi chd, chffdng irinh khuye'n cong ma Trung tam KhuyS'n cong vd Tff va'n Phat trien Cdng nghiSp, Trung lam Xuc liS'n Thffdng mai - Sd Cdng Thtfdng td chffc hoac Hdi DNNVV, Hdi Doanh nghiep tre Tinh td chffc,
Hai Id, can xay dffng chien Iffdc kinh doanh, trong do can quan lam dac biet ldi viec xdy dffng chien Iffdc phai men ngudn nhan Iffc bang cac hinh thffc dao lao da dang, phu hdp vdi flnh hinh lai chinh cua doanh nghiSp.Q
I A I m : U THAM KHAD
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University of Gloucestershire
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