TAP CHl PHATTRIEN N H A N lUC - S6 3 (68) 2020
NGHI QUYET CUA OANG VATHUC TIEN CU6C SONG
TIM HIEU VAN HOA CHINH TRI HO CHI MINH
T S . N G U Y E N T H I HUONG GIANG'*'
T6M TAT
Van hoa chinh tri, noi mgt cdch khdi qudt va ngdn gon la khoa HQC vd nghe thugt hoal dgng chinh trf. Suot cu$c ddi hoat ddng chinh tri. Ho Chi Minh phan ddu khong m^t mdi dexay dUtig Bdng Cgng sdn Viet Nam trong sach vifng mgnh, Nha nUdc phdp quyen ddn chu cua dan, do ddn, vt ddn vd xdy dung nen tdng tu ludng vdn hoa chinh trj hudng de'n ddp iing lgi ich ciia nhan ddn, thilc day xd hgi phdt trien. Bdi viet ndy gop phdn tim hieu ngi dung cot loi vdn hoa chinh tri cua Ho Chi Minh.
Tif khoa: vdn hoa chinh tri, vdn hoa chinh tri Ho Chi Minh, Bdng Cgng sdn trong sach vihig manh, Nha nudc phdp quyen ddn chu cua ddn, do ddn, vl ddn.
1. Oat van de
Ho Chl Minh - lanh tu vi dai cua each mang Viet Nam, Anh hiing giai phong dan tgc va danh nhan vSn hoa th^ gidi da de lai cho dan tpc ta va nhan loai tien bp di san tinb than vo gia; trong do c6 tif tUdng dac sSc ve van hoa chfnh tri. Suot cuoc dcJi hoat dpng each mang VI dan. VI nUdc, Ho Chf Minh da difa van hoa tham thau vao ehinh tri, nang hoat dong chfnh tri len lam khoa hpc va nghe thuat; dong th5i, dda chfnh tri dinh hUdng cho phat trien van hoa, nang hoat dpng van hoa len tam cao mdi:
"van hda soi dadng cho quoc dan di". Vi vay, ciJng vdi chu nghTa Mac - Lenin, ttf tifdng H 6 Chl Minh (nhat la ta tudng van hda chfnh tri) trd thanh nen tang iii tiidng va kim chi nam cho each mang Viet Nam hudng tdi muc tieu
"Dan giau, nifdc manh, dan chu, cong bing, van minh".
2. Noi dung
Khi ban ve van hoa va chinh tri phuc vu cho cong cupc "khang chien, kien quoc". Ho Chf Minh cho ring, van hda hieu theo nghia rpng cung la chi'nh tri, chi'nh tri hieu theo nghia sau ciing la van hda; vi vay, van hda khong the d ngoai, ma phai d trong kinh te
TS. NGUYEN TH! HUONG GIANG - TiM HI^U VAN HOA CHINH TRj HO CHJjvijjjn
va chfnh tri. Hdn the nila, v3n hda phai soi dudng cho quoc dan di. Cd the ndi, suot cupc ddi hoal dong chfnh tri. Ho Chf Minh da kel hdp dling din, sdng tao moi quan he giiia van hda va chfnh tri. NgUdi da dda van hda tham nhap v^o chfnh tri de nang chfnh tri len lam khoa hpc va nghe thuat; dong thdi, dita chfnh tri vao vin hda de lanh dao, thiic day v^ dinh hudng cho si; phat trien van hda. Do vay. Ho Chf Minh da sSng lao ra van hda chfnh tri dac sac phung sU To qudc vk phuc vu nhan dan.
van hda chfnh tri Ho Chf Minh la long hpp cac gia tri v^t chat va tinh than mang tfnh chan, thi?n, my mS NgUdi sing tao ra trong qua trinh dau tranh giai phdng dan tpc. giii phdng giai cSp, giiii phdng con ngUdi; cd gid tri v& y nghTa to Idn do'i vdi sU phal trien cua dan tpc Vi6t Nam va loai ngUdi lien bp.
Thd nhdt, vdn hda chinh tri Ho Chi Minh la vdn hda chfnh trj ddn chii va tien bg.
Ke thtta IU tUdng tien bp ve "dan" va phat trien sdng tao quan diem mdcxit ve vai trd cua quan chiing nhan dan trong Hch sOf, Ho Chf Minh cho r5ng: "Nudc lay dan lam goc"'".
Quan diem "Dan la goc" dUdc NgUdi xem xet tren ba phUdng dien cbu yeu: Nhan dan la von quy nhat; Nhan dan la coi nguon sdc manh vo dich; Nhan dan la doi tUdng phuc vu cua mpi cupc each mang chan chinh.
Lich sif phat trien ciia loai ngUdi tCf khi cd giai cap va nha nUdc ciang nhU lich sif dUng nUdc \'h gii3 nUdc ciia dan toe Viet Nam deu cho thay: Khi nao chfnh quyen trong dan, vi dan. an dan thi nUdc thinh; khi nao chfnh quyen coi thudng dan, xa dan, khdng vi dan
Ihl nudc suy vong. Vi v a>. 'NUdc lay dfin I^ni goc" khdng chi \k dao ly. ma cdn trd thanh met !y chfnh tri mang tfnh quy luat dinh hudng cho sU phal uie'n cUdng thinh cua dat nudc. Ho Chf Minb chi rd rang. "Trong bau trdi khdng gi quy b ^ g nhin dOn. Trong the gidi khdng gi manh bang lUc lUdng doan ket cua nhan dan... Trong xa hpi khdng cd gi idi dep v^ vang bang phuc vu cho ldi fch ciia nhan dan"'^'; ring nhan dan la cdi nguon cOa sdc manh, "DUa v^o nhan dan thi viec gi, dH khd khan d£n dau cung cd die lam dUdc"'^'. Vi
\ay. "Nudc lay dan lam gdc", "Dan 1^chii" va
"Dan iam chii" la nen tang ciia qu^c gia, vda la muc tieu vifa la ddng lUc phdt trien xa hdi, dong thdi \h dieu kien tien quyet b&o dim cho thing ldi cua sif nghiep each mang.
Thd hai, vdn hda chinh tri Ho Chi Minh la vdn hoa xdy dung Ddng trong sgch vSng mgnh, tieu bieu cho dgo diic, van minh.
Sudt cupc ddi hoat dpng cdch mang vi dan, vi nUdc, Ho Chi Minh tin rang, hoan toan cd the xay dUng dUdc mpt Dang each mang chan chfnh, trong sach vdng manh, tieu bieu cho dao ddc, van minh. Mudn vay, can phai cd mpt hpc thuyet khoa hpc, each mang va nhan van; bdi le, "Dang mudn viing vang thi phii cd chu nghTa lam cdt, trong Dang ai cung phai hieu, ai cung phai tbeo chii nghia ay. Dang ma khdng cd chii nghTa cung nhU ngddi khdng cd tri khdn, tau khdng cd ban chi nam"""'. Dong thdi, NgUdi khang dinh: "Bay gid hpc thuyet
"' Hd Chi Mmh: Toon nip, Nxb. Chinh tn quoc gia. Ha Npi 2011.t4p5,[rang 501
'-' Ho Chi Minh- Toan tgp. Nxb. Chinh trj quoc gia. Ha Ngi 2 0 1 1 , % 10,lrang453.
'" Ho Chi Minh: Toan lgp. Nxb. Chinh tri quoc gia. Ha No]
20!l,t|p5,lrang47.
'" Ho Chl Minh Toan lgp, Nxb. Chinh U\ quoc f;ia. Ha NA, 20ll.l9p2,irang289.
TS. NGUYEN THI HlJONG GIANG -TlM HIEU VAN HOA CHINH TRj HO CHf MINH
nhieu. chii nghia nhieu, nhUng chu nghia chan chfnh nhat, chic chin nhat, each menh nhat la chii nghia Lenin"'^'.
Rd rang, til rat sdm Ho CM Minh da vUdt qua he tU tUdng phong ki^h va he tU tUdng IU sin de di tdi chu nghia Mic - Lenin va sif dung gii tri eich mang, khoa hpc, van hda cao nhat cua thdi dai de xay ddng Dang (ci ve tu tudng, chfnh tri, to chdc va ci ve dao ddc, vSn hda), lim cho Ding trd thinh bieu tUdng cua dao ddc, vin minh. Trong khi truyen ba chii nghia Mic - L6nin va giio due, ren luyen Ding ta. Ho Chf Minh ludn can dan the he tre ring, hoc chu nghia Mic - Lenin la phii nim lay "cii cdt", "linh hon sdng" ciia nd de van dung sing tao vao thdc lien each mang nUdc ta, li phii thUc hinh dao ddc each mang "can kiem liem chfnh, chf cdng vd td", li ndi phai di ddi vdi lim; ring, phii lim eho nhiing gia tri cua chu nghia Mac - Lenin trd thanh tinh hoa vin hda chfnh tri cda Ding ta, hda quyen vdi gii tri td't dep ciia dan tpc Viet Nam. Bdi vi,
"Hieu ehu nghTa Mic - Lenin li phii sdng vdi nhau cd tinh cd nghia. Neu thupc bao nhieu sich mi sdng khdng cd tinh cd nghia thi sao gpi la hieu chii nghia Mac - Lenin dddc"'^'.
B6 Ding trd thanh dpi quan tien phong cua giai cap cong nhan, nhan dan lao dpng vi dan tpc Viet Nam, trUdc het Dang vi mpi can bp, dang vien phai dat ldi fch cua giai cap, cdng nhan, nhan dan lao ddng len tren het va trUdc het; "\'iec gi cd ldi cho dan ta phii het sdc lam, viec gi cd hai cho dan ta phai het sdc trinh"'''.
'*' Ho Clii Mmh Toan lgp. Nxb. Chinh Irj qu6c gia. Ha Noi 2011. nip 2. trang :sy,
"" H6 Chi Mmh: Tnwi lgp. Nxb. Chinh tr| qufic gia. Ha Npi.
2 0 1 1 , % ! . irang 29.
-. 5^^ c"-- ^''.''h Toiin "ip !^^b Chinb fj^ ou6c gia. Ha N6i
Dong thdi, phai thudng xuyen xay dUng, chinh ddn Ding dieo nguyen tic "tap trung dan chii"
va "tu phe binh va phe binh". "Trong Ding thUc hanh dan chii rdng rai, thudng xuyen va nghiem chinh tu phe binh vd phi binh la cich tdt nhat de cung cd va phit trien sU doan ket thdng nhal cua Ding, phii cd dnh ddng chf thUdng yeu lan nhau"*^'. Ho Chf Minh yeu cau lit ci cac to chdc Dang va Dang vien phii nghiem tuc tU phe binh vi phe binh, tim ra vi cdng khai thiia nhan khuyet diem; dong thdi, kien quyet sda chfla khuyet diem. Bdi vi, "mpt Ding mi giau giem khuyet diem cua minh la mpt Dang hdng. Mpt Ding cd gan thda nhan khuyet diem cua minh, vach rd nhdng cii dd, vi dau ma cd khuyet diem dd, xet ro hoin cinh sinh ra khuyet diem dd. NhU the la mpl Ding tien bp, manh dan, chic chan, chan chfnh"*"'.
Quan diem "Ddng ta la dgo ddc, Id vdn minh"^^°\ "la ngUdi lanh dgo, la ngudi day tdthgt trung thanh cua nhdn dan""" li quan diem van hda chfnh tri het sdc sing tao va mdi me, the hien gii tri chan, thien, my cao ci vi sau sac cua NgUdi. 0 vi tri lanh dao, Ding phai tien phong ve trf tue, W tddng, ly luan, vach dudng chi ldi, dan dit va to chdc quan chung "dem tai dan, sdc dan, cua dan de lam ldi cho dan". 6 vai ngUdi day td. Dang phii het long het sdc phuc vu dan va "tan hieu vdi dan".
2011.lap4,trang65.
'" Ho Chi Minh: Toan lap. Nxb. Chinh trj quoc gia, H^ Npi.
2011, tap 15,trang611.
*" H6 Chi Minh: Toan lap, Nxb. Chinh tq qu6c gia, Ha Npi.
20U, tap 5. trang 301.
•'"• H6 Chi Mmh: Toan lap. Nxb. Chinh trj qu6c gia. Ha Npi.
2011.lap 15.trang403.612.
"" H6 Chi Mmh. Toan lap. Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia. Ha Npi 2011. tgp 15, [rang 403. 612
TS. NGUYEN THI HUONG GIANG - TIM HI^U V A N H O A C H ( N ' H T R ! HOCHwvff
Thd ba, vdn hda chinh tn Ho Chi .Minli Id vdn hda xdy dung Nhd nudc phdp quyen ciia ddn. do ddn, vi ddn.
Sudl ching dudng hoal dpng cich mang.
Ho Chf Minh ludn trin trd. su\ nghi \e van de nhi nUdc \ h thuc hien qu> en lUc nha nUdc.
Khi khao sit cic md hinh nhi nUdc. NgUdi cd nhan xdt ring, "Xha nUdc phong kien la cdng cu cua dia chu de ihdng tri ndng dan.
Nhi nUdc tu ban la cdng cu ciia giai cap tU sin de thdng tri giai cap cdng nhan. Song id khi cd Cdch mang Nga lhinh cdng, mpt .\a hdi mdi ra ddi. nhi nUdc da trd dianh cdng cv thdng irj cua nhan dan lao ddng"''^'. Td nghien cdu khoa hpc phip ly \ a trii nghiem thdc tien chfnh tri. kel hdp vdi tham khio nhi nudc Xd - Vici. Ho Chf Minh da di de'n md hinh nhi nUdc kieu mdi d nUdc la - Nhi nUdc phip quyen dan chii ciia dan, do dan, vi dSn. Trong dd, "bao nhieu ldi fch deu vi dan, bao nhieu quyen ban deu cua dan, cdng cudc doi mdi xay dung li trich nhiem ciia dan...
Ndi tdm lai, quyen hinh lUc lUdng deu d ndi dan""". Cdn "cic cd quan chfnh phu td loan qudc cho de'n cic ling deu la cdng bpc ciia diin, nghia li ginh vac viec chung cho dan.
chd khdng phii de de dau cU6i cd dan nhu trong thdi ky dUdi quyen thong tri ciia Phip Nhat""-".
Nga> sau Cich mang Thing Tim. Hd Chf Minh bit tay \ao viec \ay ddng Nha nudc
\'iei Nam dan chu cdng hda theo tinh than:
'" H6 Chl Mmh Toan uip. \\b Chmh tri quoc gia. Ha Ntn :oil.tap 8. irang-1(13,201
" Ho Chi Mmh Toan tap. N\b Chinh tri qu6c gia. Ha Ngi 2011. Ijp 6, trang 232,
'"' Ho Chi Mmh- Toan uip Nxb Chinh trj quoc gia. Ha Npi 2011 u r J trang 64-65.
-Che dp ta Ii che dp din chu. tdc la nhan dan li ngudi chu. mi Chfnh phu ii ngddi day td trung thinh ciia nhan dan...""". Ro ^^^^^ ^;
trong da't nUdc mpi qu\en ldc deu thupc se din. "dan li chu" \a "dan lim chii". dii md^
quan he gida chfnh quyen vdi nhan dan da dia.v ddi tan gdc re. Neu trUdc kia trong nhi nudc phong kien, vua la thien td "die diien hinh dao", quan lai li cha me dan diUc hien
"dan chi phu miu"; thi gid day trong nhi nUdc ta, chfnh quyen do dan lap ra. dUdc dan trao quyen va iy quyen de ginh vie cdng viec chung. 6 day, dan lam chu nen dan cd quyen kiem tra, giim sal boat ddng cua chfnh quyen, nhi nddc. Sd danh gii ciia nhan dan chfnh li thddc do khich quan nhiing du vi khuyet diem ciia chfnh quyen ciing nhd cua can bd, cdng chdc nhi nUdc. Theo Ho Chf Minh, mpt nhi nUdc vi dan la nhi nddc phii cd trich nhiem vi chiu trich nhiem tnidc dan: "Neu din ddi, Ding va Chfnh phu cd ldi, neu dan ret li Ding vi Chfnh phu cd ldi, neu dan dot li Ding va Chfnh phu cd loi... Vi vay, cin bp Dang va chfnh quyen td tren xudng dudi, diu phdi het siic quan tdm de'n ddi sdng cua nhdn ddn"'^^K
Nhin rd gia tri va y nghia to ldn cua van bda chfnh tri Ho Chf Minh, trong thdi ky ddi mdi, mac du gap rat nhieu khd khan, nguy cp va thich thdc, song Dang ta van trung thanh vdi chii nghTa Mic - Lenin vi tu tudng Ho Chf Minh, kien dinh dddng ldi "Dpc lap dan tdc gin lien vdi chu nghia xa hpi" vi muc tieu ddi mdi vi "dan giiu, nddc manh, din chCi
"'• Ho Chi Minh Toan lap, Nxb. Chinh trj quoc gia, l!a Nc'n 2011. tgp 9, trang 90.
'"" Ho Chi Minh' Toan tap. Nvb Chinh tri qu6c gia. Ha Nfii 2011,t|p9,irang518.
TS. NGUYEN THI HUONG GIANG -TlM HIEU VAN H O A CHINH TR| HO CHf MINH
cdng bing, vin minh"; "Bii hpc ldn rut ra ttf nhiJng nim qua li trong dieu kien Ding cam quyen. phii die biet chim lo ciing cd sd lien he gida Ding vi nhan dan... Moi dang vien cpng sin phii thifc sU vda li ngudi lanh dao, vda li ngddi day td that trung thinh cua nhan dan""'\
3. Ket luan
Vin hda chfnh tri Hd Chf Minh la cd sd xay ddng nen van hda chfnh tri va trd thinh dpng ldc ciia cich mang Viet Nam, cd y nghia quan trpng ddi vdi sU nghiep xay ddng Ding Cpng sin Viet Nam trong sach viing manh va Nha nUdc phip quyen xa hpi chu nghia d nudc ta hidn nay.
Cd the ndi, tU tUdng Hd Chf Minh, nha't la Id tudng vin hda chinh tri ciia Ngddi da, dang va se tiep tuc dan dit chung ta viing bude tren con dudng doi mdi, xay ddng mpt nddc Viet Nam hda binh, thdng nha't, ddc lap, dan chii, giiu manh, tU do va hanh phiic. Vi vay, viec hpc tap, nghien cdu va van dung van hda chfnh tri Hd Chf Minh de gdp phan nang cao
^ thdc chinh tri cua nhan dan va xay ddng he thdng chfnh tri trong sach, viSng manh cd y nghia to ldn. Dac biet trong bdi cinh hien nay, khi "linh trang tham nhiing, ling phf van cdn nghiem trpng vdi bieu hien ngay cing tinh vi. phdc tap, gay bdc xuc trong dd luin, inh hudng de'n niem tin ciia nhan dan vdi Ding vi Nha nUdc. Tinh trang suy thoii ve tu tudng chfnh tri, dao ddc, ldi sdng cua mdt bd phan khdng nhd cin bp, ding vien
chUa bi day lui; cd mat, cd bp phan cdn dien bien phdc tap hdn...""^\ thi viec nghien cdu.
van dung sing tao vin hda chinh tri Hd Chf Minh vio thUc tien xay dung van hda chfnh tri d nUdc la gdp phan quan trpng vi quyet dinh vio sU thanh cdng cua cdng cupc doi mdi va hdi nhap qudc te.
TAI LIEU THAM K H A O
1. Ding Cdng sin Viet Nam: Vin kien Dang toin tap. Nxb. Chfnh tri qudc gia. Hi Npi. 2006, tap 47.
2. Dang Cdng sin Viet Nam: Vin kien Dai hdi Dai bieu toan qudc lan thd XII. Nxb.
Chinh tri qudc gia. Ha Npi. 2016.
3. Ho Chf Minh: Toin tip, Nxb. Chfnh tri qudc gia, Ha Npi. 2011, tap 1.
4. Ho Chf Minh: Toin tap, Nxb. Chfnh tri qudc gia. Hi Npi. 2011, tap 2.
5. Ho Chf Minh: Toin tip, Nxb. Chfnh tri qudc gia. Hi Npi. 2011, tap 4.
6. Hd Chf Minh: Toin tap, Nxb. Chfnh tri qudc gia. Hi Npi. 2011, tap 5.
7. Hd Chf Minh: Toin tap, Nxb. Chfnh tri qudc gia. Hi Npi. 2011, tap 6.
8. Hd Chf Minh: Toan tip, Nxb. Chi'nh tri qudc gia, HaNoi. 2011, tap 8.
9. Hd Chf Minh: Toan tap, Nxb. Chfnh tri qudc gia. Ha Ndi. 2011, tap 9.
10. Hd Chf Minh: Toin tap, Nxb. Chfnh tri qudc gia. Hi Npi. 2011, tap 10.
11. Hd Chl Minh: Toan tap, Nxb. Chinh tri qudc gia, HaNoi. 2011, tap 15.
''"' Dang COng san Vipl Nam' Van ki^n Dang loan lgp. Nxb, Chinh tii luoc gia. Ha Npi. 2006, lap 47. trang 363
"^' Dang Cpng san Viei Nam Van kien Dgi hoi Dgi hien loan quoc /dn//iif;OT. Nxb. Chinh tri qu6c gia. Ha Npi 2016, trang 185.