Moi quan he giCfa quan ly
chat Itfgrng toan dien va hieu qua chat lu*tfng tai cac doanh nghiep khu vu'c phia Nam:
Vai tro trung gian
cua nang lu'c hap thu cong nghe
NGOYEN QGANG THU*
M G O Y I N TAN TRUNG"
Tom tat
Nghien cffu ndy kiem dinh md'i quan he giffa Qudn ly chdt lugng todn dien (Total Quality Management - TQM) vd Hieu qud chdt luong (Quality Performance - QP) tgi cdc doanh nghiep khu vUc phia Nam Viit Nam. Dong thdi, xem xet lieu Ndng luc hdp thu cong nghi co ldc dong trung gian hay khdng di'n QP. Ke't qud cho bie't, TQM tde dgng cdng chieu de'n QP;
Nang luc hdp thu cong nghe tde dgng cung chieu de'n QP vd tac ddng trung gian de'n moi quan hi giffa TQM vd QP. Qua do, nhom tde gid dUa ra cdc hdm y qudn tri nham ndng cao hiiu qud chdt lugng trong doanh nghiip.
TU khoa: qudn ly chdt lugng todn dien, hiiu qud chdt lUOng, ndng lUc hdp thu cong nghi Summary
This study evaluates the relationship between Total quality management (TQM) and Quality peiformance (QP) in enterprises in the South of Vietnam. At the same time, it examines whether Technology absorption capacity has an intermediate effect on Quality performance. The results show that TQM has a positive impact on QP; Technology absorption capacity creates a positive impact on QP and an intermediate impact on the relationship between TQM and QP. From the outcomes, management implications are provided to improve quality efficiency in the business.
Keywords: total quality management, quality performance, absorption capacity, technology absorption capacity
GIOI THIEU giup doanh nghiep cd each thtfc trien khai vd kiem sodt hieu qua viee dp dung TQM gdp phan gia tang QP.
TQM Id mdt phtfdng phap tid'p can
lien quan de'n loan bptd ehtfe, dffdc mieu CO^^SCf >Y THUYET VA PHLfONG PHAP la nhff mdt hdnh ddng chid'n Iffdc tap NGHIEN CCU
trung vao viec quan ly tdng thd td chtfc
nham cung ea'p cho khach hang nhffng Cdsdly thuyet san pham, dich vu ddp ffng nhu e^u eua Qudn ly chdt lugng todn diin
ho thong qua vide huy dpng cae cd nhan. Slack va cdng sff (2007) dinh nghia: "TQM la each lanh dao qudn ly vd sff gan kd't cua td't tid'p edn tong the hay todn didn de quan ly cha't Iffdng ca cac ngudn life cua doanh nghiep. Viee ma trong dd nha'n manh dd'n vai trd cua td't ca cac bd ap dung TQM se gdp phan ndng cao QP phdn va td't ca mpi ngtfdi ciia mpt to chffc cd anh hffdng trong doanh nghidp. Vi vdy, mue tidu vd cai thidn chd't Iffdng".
cua nghien ctfu nay nham kham pha md'i Ndng life hdp thu cong nghe
quan he giffa TQM va QP. Bdn canh dd, Nang Itfc hd'p thu cdng nghe dtfdc hieu nhff kha nghien ctfu cung xem xet yd'u tdnang lffc nang cua mdt doanh nghiep de nhan ra gid tri cua kien hd'p thu cdng nghd cd tde dpng trung gian thtfc cdng nghe mdi bdn ngoai, ddng hda nd vd dp nhifthe nao de'n md'i quan he nay? Tff dd, dung nd vao qud trinh kinh doanh eua doanh nghiep.
". ", Tmang Dai hpc Kinh te TP. Hd Chi Minh
f^S&y nhdn bdi: 27/02/2020; Ngdy phan bi^n: 06/04/2020; Ngdy duyet ddng: 07/04/2020
199
HIMH: M d HINH NGHIEN Ctfa
BANG 1: THANG DO CAC T H A N H PHAN TRONG MO HINH
Ki higu Ouan Iv chat 1 PM LEADERSHIP CF SP IA RM
Thang do ifrfna toan di6n (TOM Guan Iv Qua irinh Sir lanh dao Hifdng vao khach hang Hoach dinh chien lu'dc Thone tin va ohan lich Oiianlv nhan liTc Nang life hap thu cong ngh^ (HTCN)
Hi6u qua cha't Itftfng (QP)
So'bie'n 1 Ngu6nge'c quansat 1 thane do
6 4 T 5 5 4 4 6
Akgiin va cong sir (2014)
Nguyen Dinh Tho (2017) Arda 0 A, Bayrakiar E.
Tatoi1uE.(2018) Niiuon Tong liop cua n l i o m tac gia
Cac tien de chinh cua nang lffc ha'p tbu cdng nghd bao gom: kie'n thffe Hen quan trtfde dd (thtfdng bao gdm cdc ky nang va kinh nghiem cd ban) va cdc yd'u to'to' chtfc nhtf ca'u true eua giao tie'p va phdn phdt kid'n thffc (Allen, 1977).
Hiiu qud chd't lugng
Neely va cpng sff (1995) cho rang, hieu qua td chffc la mdt bd tieu chi nham dinh itfdng nang sud't va hidu qua cdc mat hoat ddng trong doanh nghiep. Nd dtfdc kidm dinh bdi 03 cap dd: ed nhan, muc tidu cua doanh nghidp va md'i quan he gitfa cdc tidu chi ddnh gid do vdi mdi trffdng hoat ddng (van hda, thda mdn khach hang, ehie'n Iffdc phat trien ).
Gid thuyei vd md hinh nghien cffu Mdi quan he giffa cdc yi'u tdcua TQM vd QP Theo nghidn cihi cua Akgiin va cdng stf (2014), TQM gdm 6 thanh phan chinh sau stf lanh dao, hoach dinh chid'n Itfpc, htfdng vao khach hdng, quan ly qud trinh, quan ly nhdn Itfc, thdng tin va phan tieh. Ban lanh dao cd vai trd to ldn trong viee quyd't dinh stf thanh cdng cua TQM thong qua viec tao ra cdc muc tidu, xdy dtfng ke' hoach dat mue tieu, gid tri vd he thd'ng nham cai thidn hidu sua't cua to chffc. Sau khi thtfc hidn nghidn cffu dinh tinh, bdi vie't tid'p can TQM theo 6 ye'u td'nay. Gia thuye't Hla dtfdc de xua't nhtf sau:
Hla: Cdc ye'u td'cua TQM cd tde ddng dtfdng de'n QP Mdi quan hi giffa cdc yeu td'cua TQM vd Ndng luc hdp thu cdng nghe
Cdc nghidn ctfu trtfde day da chi ra vai trd cua TQM trong vide gdp phan nang cao ndng Itfc ha'p thu ndi chung vd ndng Itfc ha'p thu edng nghd ndi ridng. Trong do, lanh dao sdng tao (thanh phan quan trpng cua TQM) thuc day stf gan ke't chat che gitfa bd phan nghien ctfu va phdt tnd'n (R&D) vd cac bp phdn khde trong cdng ty thdng qua viec khuye'n khich, ddng vien vide trao doi
thdng tm qua lai gitfa cac bd phan. Gia thuye't Hlb dtfdc de xuat nhff sau:
Hlb: Cac ye'u td cua TQM tac ddng dtfdng dd'n Nang Itfc hd'p thu cdng nghe
Mdi quan he giua Ndng lUc hdp thu cdng nghe vd QP
Khi nang Itfc cdng nghd dtfdc phdt trien duy tri va tich liiy qua thdi gian, nd se trd ndn ed gid tri, khdng the' bat chtfdc, khdng thd' thay the' vd trd thdnh nguon Itfc ddc bidt ciia doanh nghiep.
Theo ly thuye't ve nguon lffc cua doanh nghidp, nguon lffc dac bidt giiip doanh nghidp san xud't hidu qua hdn va dap ffng nhu cau cua khdch hdng td't hdn, tff do ndng cao hieu qua cha't Iffdng, kd't qua boat dpng kinh doanh va dam bao sff thanh cdng cua doanh nghiep (Dakar va Ahmad, 2010). Ttf nhtfng phdn tich nay, gia thuye't H2 dtfdc phat bieu nhtf sau:
H2: Nang Itfc hd'p thu edng nghe cd tde ddng dtfdng dd'n QP
Tff cac gia thuye't ndu trdn, md hinh nghidn cffu dffde de xua't tai Hinh. Thang do cdc thanh phan trong md hinh trinh bay dBang 1.
Phffdng phdp nghiin cffu Nhdm ldc gia tie'n hanh khao sat cac doanh nghidp boat ddng tiong ca 3 linh vffc: san xua't. kinh doanh va dich vu d TP.
Ho Chl Minh, Bmh Dffdng, Dong Nai, Ba Ria - Vung Tdu, Long An, Tiin Giang va mdt sd' tinh khac trong nam 2019, vdi phtfdng phdp Id'y mdu thudn tien. NhiSig doanh nghidp nay da, dang va se ed dtf dinh trien khai dp dung ISO 9001 hoac TQM. Dff hdu dtfdc thu thdp thdng qua khao sat trtfc tie'p va qua email dd'i vdi 200 nha quan ly cd'p trung trd len. Sau khi thu ve vd lam sacb, cdn 190 phie'u hdp Id.
KET QUA NGHIEN CUU
Danh gia thang do
Ket qua ddnh gia thang do cho thay, he so tai cffa ta't ca cac bid'n quan sat giff lai deu ldn 0,5, nen cdc thang do sff dung trong md hinh nghidn cffu dat gid tri hoi tu. Ngoai ra,^ cdc thang do dat yeu cau ve dp tm cay td'ng hdp khi deu ldn hdn mtfc tidu chuan 0,7 (Bang 2). Hdn nffa, gia tri phtfdng sai trich cua cac thang do trong mo hinh deu > 0,5. Vi vay. cac thang do diu dam bao ndu chi ve dp tin cay vd gid tii hpi tu. Ngoai trtf ye'u td Hoach dinh chid'n Iffde ed gid tri AVE = 0,473 < 0,5, nhtfng gid tri chenh lech khdng ddng ke'. ndn nhdm tac gia van giff lai va dtfa vdo nghien ctfu.
200
De danh gid gid tti phdn biet cua cdc bien tiem an tiong md hinh, nghien ctfu sS dung tieu chua'n Fomell - Lacker theo Hair va cdng stf (2017). Kd't qua phdn tich dtfdc the hidn d Bang 3. Theo do, td't ca cdc gid tii can bde hai eua AVE eua moi bie'n nghien cffu deu ldn hdn he sd' Itfdng quan gitfa bie'n dd vdi eae bid'n edn lai trong md hinh. Vi vdy, cac thang do d^u dat gid tti phdn biet.
K^'t qud ffdc Iffgng
Ketquatfdc Itfdng mohinh bangphtfdng phap Consistent PLS Bootstrapping vdi cfl mdu la 5.000. Theo Bang 4, cdc md'i quan he deu cd y nghia thd'ng ke (p <
0,05), nen cdc gia thuye't ki vpng trong mo hinh nghidn cffu deu dffdc chd'p nhan.
Mu'c do giai thich dd'n hidu qua chd't Iffdng la 48,3% dffdc danh gid la vffa phai.
KET LUAN VA H A M Y QUAN TRj Qua nghien ctfu cua nhdm ldc gia, TQM cd tac ddng dtfdng dd'n QP cua doanh nghiep va tde ddng dtfdng de'n Ndng Itfc hap thu cdng nghd. Ben canh dd, Ndng Itfc hdp thu cong nghe cd tde ddng dffdng de'n QP cua doanh nghidp. Vdi ke't qua nay, nhom tac gia dtfa ra mdt vai ham y sau:
ThAnhdt, ndng cao hieu qud viic kiim sodt hogt dong trien khai thUc hien TQM Cac doanh nghidp khi tnen khai ap dung TQM can quan tam thtfe hidn td't
BANG 2: KET QQA DO TIN CAY v A GlA TR) HOI Tg CGA THANG DO
HTCN OP PM LEADERSHIP CF SP IA RM
Cronbach's Alpha
0.871 0.8S1
O.RRC)
0.869 0.S74 0.678 0.97T 0.846
rho_A
0.884
0.878 O.Rfi 0.9^6 0.847
DO tin cay tdng h(^p
0.914 0.907
Phu'dng sai trich trung binh (AVE)
0.7''7 0.473 0.764 0.765 BAMG 3: CHI SO FORNELL - LACKER
CF HTCN IA LEADERSHIP PM OP RM SP
CF 0.853 {)^f,(^
0.36 0.466 0.269 (1371 0.146 0.313
HTCN 0.85 0.^63 0.212 0.383 0.518 0.242 0.294
IA
0.874 0.28 0 995 0.429 0.172 0.319
LEADERSHIP
0.847
(\.n^
0.386 0.235 0,457
0 83-?
0.438 0.283 0.307
OP
0 8-^'i 0.533 0.369
RM
0 87^
0 189 SP
0.688 BANG 4i TRONG SO CTSC LCTdNG
TOM -> HTCN TQM -> OP
p 0.295
0.433 0^15 0.437
0116
0.0.53 O058 0.053
T 5.537 7.426 I.IM
0.000 P 0 000 0.000
cac ye'u to' thanh phin cua TQM thong qua chu tiinh quan ly cua DEMING - PDCA.
Thiihai, ndng cao nang luc hdp thu cong nghe trong doanh nghidp
Doanh nghiep nen chu dong tjm kie'm nhiJng thong tin, iiien thtTc cong nghe mdi, tim each hS'p thu v^ chuyen doi nhffng l^e'n tht?c cong nghe nay thanh nhffng san pham riSng cho minh.Q
TATTJF.II THAIVI KHAO
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4. Bakar, L. and Ahmad, H. (2010). Assessing the relationship between firm resources and product innovation performance: A resource based view, Business Process Management Journal, 16(3), 420-435
5. Hair, J. p., Hull, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedl, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), Thousand Oaks: Sage
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a literature review and research agenda. International journal of operations & production iimagement, 15(4), 80-116
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FT Prentice Hall
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