H g j ^ j ^ j y ^ j / T a i nguyEn JMoi Irtrdng Thira Thicn H u i Hoi Dja ly Vi^l Nam
U'ng dung SEM xay dyng md hinh nhan thu-c moi tripang o* hoc sinh Trung hoc ph6 thong Tinh Quang Trj
Nguyin Minh Ky', L6 VSn ThSng^
Abstract
Applying SEM lo build environment awareness modeling at high schools in Quang Tri province This paper aimed lo present the results of environmenl awareness modeling in the relation between environment understanding and awareness at high schools in Quang Tri province By analyzing and vertjj'ing using EFA. CFA and SEM: Ihe study has showed that there exists the significant relation tn statistics with the reliability of 95% between environment understanding factors (BASE, CONS, VALUE. SOL, ACT) and latent variables of environment awareness factor (A WA) The contribution of factors is presented by quantify modeling equation: AWA =0.136*BASE+ 0.055*HSPOT + 0.382*CONS + 0,228*VALUE + 0,186*SOL -+0.409*ACT Where, the factor "ACT-The detail environmenlal actions" is the maximum standardized regression weight (fl) with the value of 0,409 in environmental awareness of ihe students
1. M d DAU
0 nudc ta, vi?c ddy manh va nang cao nhdn thuc mdi trudng cho hgc sinh ndi chung ta rit dugc quan tam. Day chinh ta uu dilm, ddng thdi cung la co sd nen tdng cho hgc sinh cd nhflng dilu kien thugn tien trong qud trinh ndng cao nhgn thurc mdi trudng. Cu ihl nhu Chi lhi so 36 -CT/TU' ciia Bd ehinh trj va Quylt djnh sd 1363/QD-TTg ciia Thii tudng Chinh phii ve de an "Dua eac ngi dung Bao ve mdi trudng vao he thdng gido due qudc dan"[l], [4j. Trong dd, ddi vdi giao due cho hgc sinh thi irang bj nhflng kien thirc ve sinh thai hgc, moi quan h? gifla con ngudi vdi thien nhien; irang hi vd phdt trien ky nang bao ve va gin gifl mdi trudng, biet ung xir tich cyc vdi mdi trudng sdng xung quanh [4], [3], Khdng
• nhflng vgy, Irong quan diem bdo ve mdi trudng theo nhu Nghj quyet sd 41-NQ/TU' ciia Bp chinh trj cd de cap nhdm gidi phdp: "Ddy manh cdng lac tuyen truyen, giao dye nang cao nhan thuc vd trach nhiem ', bao v^ mdi trudng" [2]. Dac biet, trong ngi dung ciia nhdm giai phap nay khang djnh sy chii trpng cdng lac phd bien din ddi tupiig Id thanh thilu nien, hgc sinh, nhung thi he tucmg lai cua dal nudc. Do do, cd the khang djnh rdng, vdn dl nhgn thirc mdi trudng d hgc sinh nudc ta la mgt trong nhOng chii dl tudn nhan dugc nhung sy quan tam uu ai dac biet. Mat khdc, cdc vdn dl mdi trudng phdi ddi mgt ddi hdi su hop tdc loan cau mdi cd the gidi quyet ihanh cdng. Yeu cau cao han la su ket ndi cae the he d nhflng van de cd tinh lich su, day thu thach vd cam go nhu bien ddi khi hdu, suy kiet tai nguyen mdi trudng. De giai quyet tdt bai loan bdo ve mdi trudng can thiet nghien cuu va trien khai ket hgp nhieu nhdm bien phdp khae nhau. Ddng thdi, cung cdn phai tien hdnh dp dung cac giai phdp uu lien. Trong sd dd, nhdm gidi phdp ndng cao nhgn thuc mdi trudng cho thi he tre (tdng ldp hpc sinh) la khdng Ihl bd qua bdi nd chilm mpl vai trd va vj tri ldi quan trgng. Nhun^ Irudc hel, nhat thilt phai xac djnh dugc cac nhdm nhdn td lac dpng, quyet djnh den nhan thuc mdi trudng nhdm md hinh hda mdi quan he dd lam ca sd de xuat cac giai phdp thiet thuc cho qud trinh nang cao nhdn thirc mdi trudng ddi vdi hgc sinh.
Trong khi dd, nhan thuc mdi irudng cd the xem nhu Id su ldng ghep gifla hai vdn de nhdn thirc vdi mdi trudng ma dugc hinh thdnh tu gido dye, lay giao due ldm can ban. Nhan thuc mdi trudng lire
* Tnrdng D^i hpc Khoa hgc - Djii hpc Hu6
' Vif n TSi nguyen, Moi tnrcmg vk Cong nghe Sinh hpc - Dai hpc Hue DAO TAO DIA LY; PHU'ONG PHAP VA CONG NGHg NGHIEN CLTU DIA LY
Hgi Oja ly va Tai nguyen Moi Iruong Thiia Thien Hue Hoi Dja ly ViCtN,^
la mdt qud trinh nhan thirc ve nhflng su hieu biet cdc kien thirc thugc vl ITnh vyc mdi trucrng. NghTa la dl cap den su nhin nhan, muc do hiiu bill ve mdi trudng md cy the la cdc van de chinh nhu nhirng khia cgnh chinh ciia cdc vdn dl thudc phgm trii mdi trudng. Nhan thuc mdi trudng cd sii menh nang cao nhdn thuc va hiiu bill vl mdi trudng de thong qua do cd Ihl thyc hicn chirc ndng gido due moi uudng. Bdi le, xudt phat tu nhdn thirc se tdc ddng Idm xudt hign cac lien tudng, roi tu dd dua dln nhflng quyll dinh vdhdnh dpng diing dan. Trudc nhung yeu cdu buc thill dd, cdn thiet han bao giir het Id phai nghien ciru xay dirng md hinh nhdn Ihirc moi trudng d thi he hgc sinh, nhung chii nhan thirc s^
ciia luang lai. Xem xel dudi gdc do d do ludi hgc sinh Irung hgc phd thdng (THPT) ndi chung ,a 6 hpc sinh THPT tinh Quang Trj ndi rieng, nhdm tac gid nhgn thay do Id mdt viec lam rat thict thirc va CO nhieu y nghTa
2. DOI TU'ONG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU 2.1. Doi tugng nghicn ciiu
- Ddi lugng: Hgc sinh THPT tinh Quang Tri
- Pham vi: Cac viing mien Ihanh lhi va ndng thdn d tinh Qudng Trj
QUANG TRI MAP
Hinh I Sa do khu vu-c khdo sdi. Idy mdu nghien cihi
Hdi nghi Khoa hoc Dia ly Todn qudc ldn thit 6; Thdnh phd Hue, 9/2012
H6i Pj^ 'y ^d Tai nguygn M6i Irirong ThiJa Thicn Hue HQi Dia ly Vict Nam IJ,. Md hinh nghicn ciru
NHAN THlTC MOI TRU'OfNG
AWA
Nhdng vdn de ca bdn ve moi irudng (BASE)
Cdc lieu diem mdi tnrdng todn cdu (HSPOT)
Hdu qud ciia d nhiem, suy thodi moi irudng (CONS)
Lai ich ndng cao nhdn thux: mdi irudng (VALUE)
Gidl phdp ndng cao nhdn lhuc moi Irudng (SOL)
Cdc hdnh ddng mdi trudng cy the (ACT)
Hinh 2. Sa do md hinh nhdn thuc moi Inrang Md hinh hda dinh tinh:
AWA = f(BAS£, HSPOT, CONS, VALUE, SOL, ACT) Md hinh hda dinh luong:
AWA = p,*BASE + P2*HSP0T + p3*C0NS + p4*VALUE + ps*SOL + p6*ACT 2.3. Quy trinh nghien cuii
Nghien cuu ndy su dung bdng hdi cho nhflng lya chgn theo thang Likert 5 diem: (1) Hodn todn khong ddng y -^ (5) Hoan todn dong y nh?m xdy dung md hinh nhdn thuc mdi trudng d hgc sinh THPT tinh QuangTrj. Cu the dugc lien hdnh theo hai budc nhu sau:
Nghien cuu so bg (djnh tinh); (i) Xdc djnh khung va ca mau; (ii) Thiet ke thang do sa bg; (iii) Trao ddi, lay y kiln, khao sal lhi diem va tham vdn chuyen gia dl hoan thien bd cau hdi cho nghien cim; (iv) Hodn thi?n thang do chinh thirc.
Nghien curu chinh thirc (dinh lugng): (i) Lay mdu; (ii) Bien tap, xu ly du lieu; (iii) Kiem dinh, danh gia ket qiia.
BAO TAO DIA LY. PHLTONG PHAP VA CONG NGHf NGHIKN CUU DiA LY
Hyi Pja ly va Tdi nguyen Mfii truong Thtia Thien Hue HQi Dja ly Vi^l Nam Nghien ciru tiln hanh khdo sat va lay mau theo phuang chgn mdu ngdu nhien cd phdn ldp Dfl lieu thu thap dugc xu ly bdng phdn mim SPSS 13.0 va AMOS 16.0 for Windows.
3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1. Thdng ke mo ta ve mau
Trong nghien cii-u nay, chimg ldi tiln hdnh khdo sat nghien cuu vdi ldng sd phieu cho nghicn ciru djnh lugng la 750 theo co cau 150 cho mdi irudng va theo ty le trong loan khdi THPT Id 50:50:50.
Sau kill licn hanh lam sach, kilm tra va xir lysa bg cd kit qua thu dugc 617 philu dat yeu cdu (tuang ung 82%). Ngodi phan nho du tieu trdng, mau nghien ciiu cd ty Ie % gidi tinh nam/nfl Id 57,5: 36,!
(6,4% dir lieu trdng); so hgc sinh cdc Idp 10 din 12 tuang urng % nhu sau: 25,3/37,3/28,0 (9,4% Jit lieu trdng). Vl dia phuang cu trii va hgc lap tuong flng ty I? 26,7% d Trudng THPT Le Lgi (TP. Dong Ha); 25,3% Ihugc Trudng THPT Thi xa Qudng Trj; 12,8% thupc trudng THPT Trieu Phong; 15,6% 6 Irudng THPT Hai Lang; va 13,8% d Trudng THPT VTnh Linh.
Ben canh dd, gid trj trung binh ciia cdc bien quan sat dao dgng thap nhat la bien "^HSP0T2_ '••'iiy thodi tdng Ozone " vdi Mean = 3,8006; SD = 0,83577 va cao nhat la bien "AWA4_Con ngudi cdn irdi ddt han Id Trdi dal cdn con ngudi" (Mean = 4,4506; SD = 0,78205).
3.2. Kct qua danh gia thang do so bg
Nghien cuu ddnh gid thang do sa bg dua vao he sd Cronbach's Alpha va he sd tuong quan bien tdng. Nhung biln quan sdt nao khdng dam bdo lieu chi cd he so tuang quan biln tdng ldn hon b;iiig 0,3 (Nunnally & Burnstein, 1994) va Ihang do khdng ddm bao Cronbach's Alpha Idn hcni 0,6 (Peterson, 1994) se bj gat bd trudc khi tiln hdnh cdc thu tuc phan tich lilp Iheo. Kit qua kiem djnii cac thang do dlu thda man Cronbach's Alpha > 0,6. Rieng he s6 tuang quan biln tdng ciia 16 hicn BASEl, BASE6, BASE7, C0NS8, C0NS9, CONS 10, CONSll, S0L5, ACTI, ACT2, ACT3, ACr4, ACT5, ACT14, AWA7 va AWA8 khdng thda man (<0,3) nen bj gat bd.
3.3. Phan tich nhan to kham pha EFA
Sau khi loai bd cac bicn khdng thda dieu kien, nghien cuu tiln hdnh EFA cho nhung bien con lgi va liei tuc loai bd them cac bicn cd he sd tai nhd han 0,5 (Hair, 1998). Kit qua trich xoay nhan lo dgt dugc chi so KMO bdng 0,683 (>0,5) cho thdy qua trinh phan tich nhdn td EFA la thich hgp Sau khi tien hanh In'ch xoay nhdn td vdi 6 nhdm thdnh phdn cau true dugc tao thanh dap irng thoa man vcri chi s6 Eigenvalues = 1,603 (>1,0) va phuang sai trich dugc la 51,347% (>50%.). Dilu nay ddng nghTa vdi viec qua trinh EFA vdi 38 bicn quan sal dau vdo cua he thdng thang do muc dg hieu bicl moi Irudng ba dau da loai bd them 6 bien cd he sd tdi nhd hon 0,5; cu the la cac biln HSPOTl, HSP0'I2, HSP0T7, HSP0T8, HSP0T9 va C0NS7 dl cdn lai 32 bien ung vdi 6 thanh phdn cau true.
Nhu vay, vdi 6 nhom cdu true sau khi In'ch xoay ciia md hinh ldn lugt cd he so Cronbach's Alpha dlu ldn han gid trj yeu cdu 0,6 nhu sau BASE: 0,654; HSPOT: 0,698; CONS: 0,741; VALUE:
0,674; SOL: 0,684, va ACT: 0,736. Dieu ndy khdng djnh 6 thang do ludng hay thanh phan cau Iriic ciia mo hinh nghien cuu la dam bao cho viec thict lap xay dung md hinh trong cdc budc hay thii luc phdn tich tiep theo.
Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dta ly Todn qudc ldn thii 6; Thdnh phd Hui. 9/2012
Pja ly vd Tdi nguyen Moi iruong i nu^
Bang 3.1. Kd
Biin BASE3 BASE2 BASE4 BASES HSP0T4 HSP0T5 HSP0T6 HSP0T3 C0NS2 CONSl C0NS3 C0NS5 C0NS4 C0NS6 VALUE3 VALUE1 VALUE2 VALUE6 VALUES VALUE4 SOLI S0L2 S0L3 S0L4 ACTS ACTll ACT12 ACTIO ACTI 3 ACT9 ACT6 ACT7
qua ma trgn nhdn td sau khi xoay (Varimax with Kaiser Normalization) Nhan to
1 0,695 0,650 0,643 0,589
2
0,836 0,773 0,573 0,543
3
0,686 0,6S4 0,6S3 0,642 0,S92 0,511
4
0,845 0,640 0,875 0,810 0,6S6 0,584
5
0,867 0,8 IS 0,830 0,770
6
0,852 0,814 0,710 0,652 0,585 0,584 0,875 0,642
Eigenvalues
5,59S
4,815
2,464
2,170
1,838
1,603 Phucmg sai trich,
%
15,543
28,917
35,761
41,788
46,893
51,347
Cronbach's Alpha
0,654
0,698
0,741
0,674
0,684
0,736
3.4. Phan ti'ch nh3n to khang dinh CFA
Tfl kit qua eiia qud trinh EFA, nghien ciru tilp lye tiln hdnh thii tuc CFA cho timg thanh phdn clu true cung nhu md hinh tdng quat vdi cdng cu phdn mem AMOS 16.0 for Windows. Trong budc lay, nghien cuu tiln hdnh logi bd nhflng biln cd trgng sd kem (<0,5) cung nhu nhflng thang do khdng :6 sy dam bao cac chi sd vl mdc do phu hgp chung vd linh thyc lien. Qua trinh phan tich nhdn Id Uidng dinh cho md hinh tdng quat ve nhan thirc mdi trudng cd ket qua nhu sau: Chi-square = 689,618;
lf= 449; p = 0,000; Chi-square/df = 1,536; GFl = 0,933; TL! = 0,824; CFI = 0,841 va RMSEA = ),029 (dgt yeu cdu).
)A0 TAG DIA LY; PHUONG PHAP VA CONG NGHI- NGHIEN CLTU DJA LY
Hgi Dja ly va Tai nguy£n Moi tru-ong Thua Thien Hue Hoi Pialy VietNam Ngodi ra, dl dam bao hon lhi trong nghien cuu nay cdn lien hdnh tinh loan dg tin cgy tdng hup, tflng phuang sai trich cung nhu he sd tin cay Cronbach's Alpha cho cac thang do. Cac kit qua tinh loan dugc cho thdy he thdng thang do cd dg tin cay nhdt dinh vd thda m?n cac khuyen nghi lien qu;in can thiet. Cac biln quan sat cdn Igi trong qua trinh lien hdnh phan tich nhdn td kham pha va phdn lich nhan td khdng dinh la hoan loan thda man de khang tinh tinh vflng ehac cung nhu Id viec cung cap c<ic CO sd khoa hgc cd dg tin cay cho viec tien hanh phan lich, ddnh gia tiep theo (dam bao rdng h? thong thang do la phii hgp).
Bdng 3.2- Kit qud kiem dinh do tin cdy ciia thang do
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6
Thanh phin ciu tnic
BASE HSPOT
CONS VALUE SOL ACT
So bien quan sdt 4 4 6 6 4 8
DO tin cay tong hop, % 83,53 81,12 81,59 86,68 74,56 87,26
TSng phuong sal
trich, % 57,04 51,87 42,64 52,75 42,59 46,47
He so tin cay Cronbach's
Alpha 0,654 0,698 0,741 0,674 0,684 0,736
Nh^n xet chung
Dat yeu cau 1
Nhir vay, thong qua cac bu-ac tien hanh \m lugt tir CFA cho tirng cau true thanh phSn ciing nhu cho ca mo hinh tong quat cac thang do ve muc do nhan thiJc moi truang thi muc dp phii hgp mo hinh nhu Chi-square/df; GFl; TLI; CFI va RMSEA la thoa man va dat cac yeu cSu ca ban cSn thifit ve tinh gia tri th\rc tien,
3.5. Kiem djnh mo hinh thong qua SEM
Ung dung mo hinh ciu true SEIVI nhim kiem djnh tinh th^rc tiin cung nhu mijc do phii hgp cliung sau cijng ctia mo hinh da dugc tign hanh bang phin mgm AMOS 16.0 for Windows. Cac chi so vj mirc do phu hgp chung ciia mo hinh nghien ciru nhu Chi-square=2263,296; df^768; P< 0,001 la hoan toan dam bao (Barrett, 2007). Ben canh do, cac chi tieu khac cho thay mo hinh nay dat gia trj thuc tiln voi Chi-square/df=2,947 <3 (Carmines & Mclver, 1981); GFI=D,957; TLI=0,98S> 0,9 (Benller& Bonett, 1980); CFI=0,854; RMSEA=0,025< 0,08 (Steiger, 1990; MacCalium et al, 1996).
Dong nghTa vtji dieu nay la mo hinh nghien ciru thilt lap, xay dung dugc dat dugc mirc dp phii hgp thuc tiln va co gia tri ve mirc dp giai thich ctia mo hinh tuong irng R^ = 22%. Tire la vai 6 nhom nhSn 16 ve mijrc dp hiiu biet moi truong dl cap a tren (BASE, HSPOT, CONS, VALUE, SOL, ACT) dai dien, dong gop tugng tac va giai thich dugc co khoang 22% su nh?n thirc moi truong a hpc sinh THPT tinh Quang Trj.
Ket qua tinh toan bang mo hinh toan SEM vgi ugc lupng bing phugng phap ML (Maximum Likelihood) trong cr mo hinh cau true tuyen tinh cho thiy dugc mfii quan he tuang tac giira cac nhiin to dpc lap vol phu thupc co y nghTa ve mat thong ke tai miirc y nghTa 5%.
Khong nhihig vay, gia trj lieii he ly thuylt cung dupe kiem djnh danh gia thong qua mo hinh toi han hay con gpi la mo hinh ly thuylt (Gerbring & Anderson, 1988). Can cir vao cac kit qua udc lircmg (chuan hoa) vl itioi ()uan he nhan qua giira biln tilm in voi biln quan sat trong mo hinh nghien ciru c6 5 trong 6 bien ticm in co y nghTa thong ke. Kit qua nay cho chung ta kit luan he thing thang do luimg (ngoai trit bicn tiem an HSPOT) trong mo hinh dat gia trj lien he ly thuyet (tin tai moi quan he nhan qua giiia cac nhan to dpc lap vai nhan to phu thugc co y nghTa vl mat thing ke). Vi theo nhu Churchill
Hot nghi Khoa hoc Dia ly Toan qudc ldn thii 6; Thdnh phd Hue. ^t2012
lgi Bja ly vd Tdi nguygn MSi trudng Thira Thi£n Hue Hgi Bja 1^ Vift Nam (1995) thi dieu nay khdng djnh mdi do ludng cd mdt lien he vdi do ludng khdc nhu ky vgng vl mat ly thuyli.
Bdng 3.3. Kit qud kiem dinh cdc gid thuyet nghiin ciru M6i quan he
AWA AWA AWA AWA AWA AWA
<—
<—
<—
<—
<—
<—
BASE HSPOT CONS VALUE SOL ACT
Estimate 0,113 0,032 0,173 0,160 0,139 0,286
S.E.
0,055 0,034 0,066 0,049 0,045 0,054
C R . 2,046 0,939 2,638 3,305 3,094 5,331
P 0,041 0,348 0,008
....
0,002
....
Chap nhan Hi Ho2
H, H, H, Hi
Nhu vdy, vdi 06 gia thuyet chinh dugc dgt ra ban dau thi qua trinh kiem djnh dua den viec chap nhan 05 gid thuyet Hj, H3, H4, H5 va H^ vol muc y nghTa Sig. = 5%. Dieu ndy ddng nghTa vdi viec cd moi lien he hay tuong tdc thudn chieu (vdi do tin cay 95%) gifla su hieu biet ve: "BASE_Nhirng vdn di ca bdn ve mdi trudng; CONSHdu qud cua 0 nhiim, suy thodi mdi tnrdng; VALUE_Lpi ich ndng cao nhdn thirc mdi tnrdng; SOLjJidi phdp ndng cao nhgn thuc moi trudng; vd ACTCdc hdnh ddng moi trudng cy the" vdi sir "AWA_Nhdn lhuc chung vi mdi irudng". Rieng gia ihuyel H2 ve moi tuong tdc gifla muc dg hiiu bill cac lieu diem mdi Irudng todn cau vdi su nhan thuc mdi trudng (AWA <—
HSPOT; 0,032) cung la quan he Ihuan chieu nhung kit qua nay khong cd y nghTa vl mat thdng ke vdi do tin cdy 95%.
Cdc gid thuyet dugc ung hd vdi thu tuc kiem djnh d muc y nghTa a = 5%:
* Gid thuyet HI+: Su hieu biet nhung van de co ban ve mdi trudng dugc ky vgng s6 tdc dgng duong din nhgn thuc mdi trudng d hgc sinh
* Gid thuyet H3+: S\f hieu biet hau qua cua d nhiem, suy thoai mdi trudng dugc ky vgng se lhuc ddy den nhdn thue mdi trudng d hgc sinh
* Gid thuyet H4+: S\i hieu biet lgi ich ndng cao nhan thuc mdi trudng dugc ky vgng se tac ddng tot den nhan thuc moi trudng d hgc sinh
* Gia thuyet H5+: Su hieu biet giai phdp nang cao nhdn thflc mdi trudng dugc ky vgng ly Ie thuan vdi nhdn thdc mdi trudng d hgc sinh
* Gid thuyet H6+: Sir hieu biet cac hdnh dgng mdi trudng cu thi dugc ky vgng cd quan he cung chieu vdi nhdn thuc mdi trudng d hgc sinh
Kit qud md hinh hda hay phuang trinh lien h? trong md hinh nhgn thuc mdi trudng ciia hgc sinh THPT tinh Qudng Tri:
AWA = 0.136*BASE + 0,055*HSPOT + 0.382*CONS + 0,228*VALUE + 0,I86*SOL + 0,'f09*ACT
Trong dd, nhdn to hanh ddng mdi trudng cu the (ACT) cd su ddng gdp ro rang va lon nhdt vdi trgng sd chudn hda la p= 0,409. Tiep den la cdc nhdn td hau qua d nhiem, suy thoai mdi trudng (CONS); lgi ich nang cao nhgn thiic mdi trudng (VALUE); giai phap nang cao nhgn lhuc mdi trudng (SOL); nhung vdn de co ban ve moi trudng (BASE) va cac lieu dilm mdi trudng todn cdu (HSPOT) cd mflc dnh hudng nhd nhdt (AWA <— HSPOT: 0,055).
DAO TAO DIA LY; PHUONG PHAP VA CONG NGH$ NGHIEN ClJtJ DIA LY
Hoi Pia ly vd Tdi nguyen Moi truong Thiia Thien Hui Hoi Dja 1^ Viyl Nain
Thdng qua nghien cuu vl mo hinh nhdn thuc mdi trudng d hgc sinh THPT tinh Quang Tri, nhdm lac gia cd mgt sd ket ludn:
+ Da xay dung va thill lap dugc md hinh nhan thuc mdi trudng d hgc sinh THPT tinh Quang Tri bao gdm tdt ca 32 biln quan sal cho 6 thanh phan cdu true dugc riit trich (logi bd cac biln lac, khong thich hgp) vd 6 biln quan sdt doi vdi nhdn td phu thugc AWA.
+ Nghien cuu da chi ra rdng cd moi lien he cd y nghTa thdng ke vdi dg tin cgy 95% gifla cac nhom nhdn Id hieu bill mdi trudng (BASE, CONS, VALUE, SOL, ACT) vdi biln tilm In phu lliuoc nhdn thirc chung vl mdi trudng (AWA).
+ Nhom nhan td "ACTHdnh ddng mdi Irudng cu ihe" cd trgng sd ddng gdp vao muc do nhan thuc d hgc sinh Id cao nhdt, vdi gid Ui trgng so chuan hda B = 0,409.
TAI LIEU THAM KIIAO
1. BO Chinh tri (1998), Chi thi sd 36-CT/TU'ngdy 25/6/1998 cua Bo Chinh Iri vi Idng cudng cong ldc BVMT Irong thdi ky cong nghiep hda. hien dai hda dal nudc. Ha Npi.
2. Bg Chinh trj (2004), Nghi quyet 41-NQ/TW ciia Bo chinh In ve vdn de BVMT trong thdi ky ddy mgnh CNH, HDH ddt nudc, Ham\.
3. Bg Giao due v^ Dao tao (2001), "Dua cdc not dung BVMT vdo he thdng GD quoc ddn", HaN6i
4. Chinh phu (2001), Quyet dmh so 1363/QD-TTg ngdy 17/10/2001 ve viec phe duyet de dn Dua cdc ngi dung BVMT vdo he ihong GD quoc ddn, HaNgi.
5 James L. Arbuckle (2007), Amos™ 16 0 User's Guide, Prenlical-Hall International, Inc.
6 Hair, Anderson, Tatham, Black (1998), Multivariate Data Analysis, Prentical-Hall International, Inc.
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