NGHIGN CGU - TRno BOI
CONG NGHE MOI DANH GIARUIROTRUOT DAT
GOP PHAN GIAM THIEO THIET HAI CHO CONG TRINH GIAO THONG
DINH VAN T I I N , N G U Y I N XUAN KHANG Vi^n Khoa hpc v^ Cdn^ nghS Giao thSng V | f i tk\
KYOJI SASSA t>^i hQC K y o t o TOYOHIKO MIYAGI
HlSn tifffng trifgl Id da't da la mat trong nhSng tai bli'n thiin nhlSn inh hirdng trirc tii'p t6l sir phat trii^n cua cac khu vifc mien nui ndi chung, dS'i v6i cong trinh giao thong noi rieng. Viec dam bao an toan cho cac tuyi'n dirdng giao thong va dtti song nhan dan khu viTc m\in nui la mSt trong nhu'ng vin di' quan trong trong chii'n lu'oc phat trii^n qufi'c gia. Bai bao trinh bay cac cong nghe m6\ de danh gia rui ro trifot da't gay ra d Viet Nam, nhif lap ban do trU'crt da't vdi cac muc tliu cu the ap dung cho viec quan ly rui ro thien tai tai cac vung, cac dia phiroing tren mpt pham vi rOng; nghiin ci}u trong phong thf nghlim, mo hinh boa, quan trie va canh bao sdm trirdt da't ap dung cho cac v| trf, khu vi/c cu thS^ (dac biet la do'l vdi cac khu vUc trUtft da't quy mS Idn, mtfc do riJi ro cao...), tir dd de xua't cac giii phap cu the gdp phS'n giim thii'u thiit hai do trudt da't gSy ra.
re khoa: triltit da't, danh gia rui ro, lap ban So, nhan dang, mOc do nhay cam, khong anh, giao thong, Viet Nam.
Dat van da
Viet Nam va m6t s6 nUflc thuoc tieu vung song Mekong nhu Lao va Myanma ia cac quo'c gia co dia hlnh mien nui chiem tdi 3/4 dien tich ianh tho. Trong l(hi do, Thai Lan va Campuchia iai la cac vung lanh thd CO dia hlnh dong bang la chu y§'u, khong co hien tuong trudt Ici dat xSy ra. Trong so cac nudc trSn, Viet Nam la qudc gia cd dja hinh bi phan cSt manh, tiiem trd do cac hoat dong kien tao manh gay ra, ddng thdi cung ia mpt trong nhOn^g vung lanh thd cd c4u true dia chat phCtc tap, dat da bi phong hda manh. Ngoai ra, do vj tri cua Viet Nam nam giap Thai Binh DUdng, chiu Jnh hudng cua khf hau gid miia, mUa nhieu, vdi luong mua trung binh cao nhSt tit 3.000-4.500 mm/nam, thuOc khu vUc cd
IUdng mua cao tren the gidi. Do dd, hien tUOng truot Id dat hang nam d Viet Nam thuoc loai tram trpng nhat trong cac nUdc d khu vuc ASEAN cung nhu tidu vung Mekong.
Theo thdng ke, khoi lupng trupt Id da't da hang nam tren cac tuydn dudng trong miia mua d Viet Nam len tdi hang tram nghin met khdi. Thien tai nay khong chi gay tSc nghen giao thdng tai cac tuyen dudng chfnh, gay thiSt hai nghiem trpng cho nen kinh te, ma cdn gay tai hpa cho khoang 3.000 ngudi mdi nam, anh hudng den cudc sdng cija ngudi dan tai cac khu VLTC mien nui.
Ddi vdi cac tuyen dudng mien nui dang khai thac, trUdt Id dat da trong mua mua bao ia hien tupng thudng xuyan xay ra va bj dpng ddi vdi don vi quan
So 22 nam 2014 „A».#iM#«.i..«i.™«rf»J' CONG NGHE VIET NXAt
NGHIGN CLIU - TRflO DOI
NEW LANDSLIDE DISK ASSESSMENT TECHNOLOGIES TOD LOSS MITIGATION Or
TDArriC WORKS
Surmary
Landslide phenomenon is considered a natural disaster directly affecting tlie development of mountainous areas in general, tfie traffic and transportation works in particular. Securing arterial roads connecting tlie North and South of Vietnam and people's lives in mountainous areas from this natural disaster is one of the most important issues for national development.
The establishment of an effective landslide risk assessment technology suitable for Vietnam is the key issue for disaster reduction. This article presents a number of new technologies for risk assessment as well as solutions to minimize the loss of phenomena.
The technologies for establishing landslide maps with different functions are applied for disaster risk management of regions on a large scale. The in-room technology researches as soil testing and computer simulation, landslide monitoring and early warning of landslides are applied for the concrete positions and areas, especially for large-scale and high risk landslide cases.
Keywords: landslide, risk assessment, mapping, inventory, susceptibility, air photo, traflic, Viet Nam.
ly. Mpt so giiii phap phong chong va gi^m thieu tac d6ng cua hi§n tUdng sut trUdt dat da dpc theo cac tuyen dUdng da dLTpc ap dung, tuy nhi§n doi vdi m§i gi^i phap, viec ap dyng vkn diia vao kinh nghiem ma chaa co cac hudng d i n cu the cho viec ap dung nay. Bong thdi tai mpt so vi trf trifpt dat co quy mo Idn, ban kinh cung trUdt sau, cac cdng cu khao sat nghien cifu con the so va lac h$u, dSn den sir thieu chfnh xac cho viec de xuat cac phUdng an doi pho.
Doi vdi cong tac quan ly vT mo, quan ly vung, tren the gidi viec xiy dung he thong ban do ve danh gia nguy cO dat sut da difdc tien hanh va ap dung rpng rai, gdp phan hOu fch cho viec phong chong thien tai. O Viet Nam, y tadng xay dang ban do phan vung tradt dat da dadc de cap ta hon 20 nam trade - phan vung cac vung dat sut nguy hiem diia tren cd sd khao sat, thj sat thac te cac vung dia chat. Vi§c Lfng dung GIS va cac iing dung cDa cdng nghe vi^n
tham cung da dado de cap nhang mdi diing 6 miic do quy mo nhd, hoac mdi chi tap trung vao mpt so loai hinh dac biet nha lu quet, lu ong...
Noi dung nghien cufu
Xay di/ng ban do nh$n dang trugt dat bkng phUdng phip phan tich khong anh
Ban do nhan dang hien tadng tradt dat dadc eoi nhu CO sd dOf lieu cd ban dUdc xay dung tr§n cd sd b^n do phan bd' va phan loai hien tUdng trUdt Id.
Muc tieu cua ban do nh§n dgng nham cung cap cac thdng tin nha loai hinh, vi trf, hinh dang va kich thudc bao gom chieu rpng, chi^u cao va chieu sau cung nha trang thai hoat dpng cua vj tri djch chuyen.
3 phUdng phap cd b^n thudng dUdc sii dung d l xiy dUng b^n dd nhan dgnq la thu thap tU cac tai lieu nghien cUu trUdc d§y, kiem tra thuc dja va phan tfch khong cinh. Vdi su phat trien cua dja mao hpc va cdng ngh§ phan tich knh hang khong, hSu het cac hien tUdng bien dpng cua be mat dat cd the dUdc nhan dang, trong do cd hien tUdng trUdt dat.
Carte for field investig Hinhl: minh hoa phSn tfch diem trUdt sd 18 tren dtfdng Hd Chi Mmh bang phUdng phdp phdn tich khdng dnh
Viec phan tfch khong ^nh qua nhieu thdi ky ket hpp vdi ban do dia hinh cd the: 1) dua ra cai nhin tdng quat cho vj tri djch chuyen bao g6m viec sii dyng dat; 2) phan loai dja hinh, tang phu va thSm thuc vat tren do; 3) su tjien dang cua dja hinh do trUdt dat gay ra; 4) phian tich va xay di^ng bkn d6 dja hinh; 5) dac diem djch chuyen cija khd'i trUdt cd the dUdc g\k\ thich, tU dd cd the dUa ra phUdng phap hpp ly cho viec kh^o sat va thiet ke giai phap
42 . TgpdvKHOflHM S522nam2014 CONG NGHE VIET N M
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ddi phd (Toyohiko Mlagi). Ben canh viec nhan dang dupe cac vi tri da tilng xay ra hien tupng trudt da't, sU ket hpp vdi cac phUdng phap phan tich va danh gia bang mo hlnh trong sd (AHP) hay Fuzzy cd the dua ra mi3c dp nhay cam ddi vdi su dich chuyen ciia cac vi tri dupe nhan dang.
Xiy di/ng ban do danh gia si/ nhay cam trupt dat SLtdtjng GIS va phtfang phAp phin tich, d^nh gi6 biing mo Itinh trgng so (AHP) hay thu$t toin md (Fuzzy)
Nhin chung qua trinh phan vung nguy cd sut trupt thudng bao gom 3 qua trinh chinh: 1) phan tich hi$n trang trupt Id dat va yeu td iinh hudng gan iien nguyen nh§n djch chuydn; 2) xay dung cd sd dQ iieu ma kdt quIi cudi cung ia lap dupe b i n dd nhan dang trupt Id va 3) lua chpn mo hlnh, phiidng phap tinh tocin va phan vung tai bien trUPt Id da't.
Npi dung cP bSn cua phan tich hi§n trang trUpt Id dat chinh la viec xay dQng b4n dd nhan dang.
Cac thong sd cd bSn nhu loai hinh, vi tri, hinh dang va kich thudc cung nhu trang thai hoat dong cOa vj tri dich chuyen la co sd cho viec phSn tich mdi iiSn quan giOa cd che djch chuydn va cac yeu td cd kh4 nang Snh hudng tdi qua trinh gay ra trupt id trong khu viJc nghien ciiu. Viec danh gia so bp miic dd lien quan giOa hien trang phan bd cija cac dilm trupt Id ddt vdi cac yeu td li§n quan khac nhu dd dd'c dia hlnh, lupng mua, thJm phu, dja chat, dia mao, vd phong hda, mat do lineament hay diit gay..^
cd thd diia tren cP sd phan tich, chdng chap b i n do trong he thdng GIS va khao sat thuc dja.
Hinh 2: tfin do dint) gia sij ntiay ckm Irual dat sCt dijng GIS vk phUdng phip phin lich, dinh gii
bMng md hlnh trpng sd (AHP) cho h^nh lang dudng Hd Chi Mmh (doan Quing Tn - Hut - Quing Nam)
Viec thidt ke cd sd dO lieu dua trSn cd sd xac dinh chinh xac cac ydu td Jnh hudng tdi qua trinh gay ra trupt Id da't trong khu vUc nghiSn culu, the hien qua viec xay dung cac ban do yeu td anh hudng thanh ptian. Ve mat ly thuyet, co nhieu ydu td anh hudng tdi hien tupng dich chuyen cija khdi trupt, trong dd CO cac yeu td true tiep va cac yeu td gian tidp. Thong thudng, cac ngtiien ciJu chi ra cac nhdm yeu td Snh hudng tdi dich ehuyen la dja hinh, dja mao, dia chat, khi hau va tac ddng eiJa con ngudi. Thong thudng, cac yeu td gay anh hudng tdi qua trinh tai bien la do ddc dia hinh, dja chdt, dia mao, vd phong hda, tham phu, iupng mua, cac ddi dap vd cua dat da, mat dp ddng chay mat, cae yeu td dpng dat hay yeu td nhan sinh... Tuy niiien, tuy theo dieu kien cu the, tren cP sd th&o luan va danh gia cua cae chuyen gia vd miic do quan trong cija tdng yeu td cOng nhu kha nang s i n eo eija ngudn dO iieu ma viec xay dung cac ban dd nay ia khac nhau.
Hai phUdng phap danh gia va phan vung thudng diidc de cap eho viec Ilia chpn md hinh, phiiPng phap tinh tpan va phan vung tai bidn trupt id ddt ia phUdng phap phan tich he thdng (AHP) tren ed sd danh gia trong sd cae yeu td anh hudng theo phUPng phap etiuydn gia va phuong phap thuat toan md (fuzzy) tren cd cd sd so sanh thong sd anh hudng vdi dO lieu hien tai va qua khii gay ra sii dich chuyen.
Nghien ciiu ca chgdich chuyin cua diem trU0t dat cd bin Itinh cung trugt Idn
Thidt bi cat vdng khong thoat nudc d ap iuc cao ICL-2 da dupe phat trien d Dai hpc Kyoto (Nhat Ban) va se dupe ehuyen giao cho Viat Nam trong thdi gian tdi. Bang each md phdng hien tudng trUpt dat theo phUdng thang diing thanh ehuyen dpng xoay theo phUPng nam ngang diipe mo ta bang sU djch ehuyen cua 2 dia cat (b§n tren va ben dudi).
Thidt bi dupe SLf dung de md phdng ling xi!f chiu cat khong thoat nude cOa dat dudi tac dung ciJa cac loai tai trpng nhu ap lUc thing ddng 3 MPa (ilng vdi chieu sau mat truot tQ 100-200 m), tdc dp elt trUdt idn nhat la 50 m/s va khdng gidi han chieu dai djch chuyen cat trupt.
Cd che cua sQ djch chuyen se dupe nghien ciiu thdng qua cac ket qua thi nghiem thuc hien tren iCL-2 nhu thi nghiem cat thoat nudc theo tdc dp cat khdng ddi, thi nghiem cat khdng thoat nudc theo ling suat c i t khdng ddi, thi nghiemthay ddi ap luc nudc id rdng, thi nghiem eat thay ddi dng sua't theo ehu ky, thi nghiem thay ddi ap luc nude Id rdng kdt hdp tai trong ddng da't.
S6 22 nam 2014 TcipchKHOAHi CONG NGHE VIET Nf
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NGHIGNCLIU-TRHOBOI
Hinh 3- thiet bi cat vong khdng thoat nuac o ap luc cao (!CL-2j Cac vi trf trUdt dat Idn, cy the tren dadng Ho Chf Minh, khu vuc Thgch My, diem trUdt 16 tren Quo'c Id 6, diem trupt Id tr§n tuyen dUdng sat B§c - Nam da dUdc lay miu va tien hanh thf nghiem nghien cUu.
Cac sd' lieu thf nghiem nay se tiep tuc dUdc nghien cUu nhu la dau vao cCia ph^n mem mo phong hien tupng trupt nhanh (LS-Rapid). Su ket hdp cua thiet bj cat vdng cung phan mem md phdng LS-Rapid la mpt cdng cu hieu quS de danh gia tham hpa trUdt dat nhanh 6 Vi§t Nam va cac nudc tren the gidi.
Md hinh mo phong tru</t dat tich hpp nhieu bien so (LS-Rapid2)
TrUdt dat la mot trong nhQng tham hpa nguy hiem tren dien rpng, gSy ra nhQng thiet hai Idn ve kinh te cung nhu knh hudng tdi cudc song cua con ngudi.
Chij dpng Ung pho vdi nguy cd sat Id dat la bien phap hieu quit va kinh te nhat de giam nhe thiet hai.
Hieu dUdc cd che s^t Id da't la cd sd de chuan bi cho cac giai phap dd'i phd. Ld d§'t dUdc eoi la tong hdp cOa tat c^ cac dang di chuyen tii vi tri cao xudng vi tri thap dudi tac ddng cua trong lyc cd nguyen nhan tii nhi^u yeu to rieng \k hay tfch hdp.
Md hinh md phdng trUdt Id tich hdp LS-Rapid2 dUdc xay dUng cd kh^ nang mo phdng qua trinh khdi dau va v§n ddng cCia trupt Id gay bdi ddng dat va mUa theo khdnp gian va thdi gian. Viec md phong cd ch§' djch chuyen cd the dUdc tinh toan bang each sir dung sQc khang c^t d trang thai 6n dinh do dadc trong thiet bi cat vdng khdng thoat nudc.
K§'t quci cCia mo hinh dU bao cd t h i dUa ra mot each djnh IUdng cd che cua sU djch chuyen cung vdi sa bien d6i ci!ia cac thdng s6 knh hudng nhu ap lyc nudc lo rdng...; dong thdi, du bao dUdc mpt each kha chfnh xac ve pham vl syt 16 tren mat cat dpc cung nha pham vi anh hudng cua lUdi trUdt tren mat bang.
Tren cd sd cac dy bao nay, ban do du bao phgm vi anh hudng cua hien tUdng se dUdc dUa ra, gop ph^n phdng tranh va gilim thieu thiet hai do trUdt dat, d5c biet la cac vj tri trUdt dat cd quy mo Idn.
Phit trien cong nghi thiet bj do dan dai khdng day da chieu sau cho vi$c quan trie djch chuyen be m0t cua sudn doc
Quan trie djch chuyen be mat cua sudn dd'c la mdt phan rat quan trpng trong viec theo doi cac vj tri trUdt dat dang hoat dpng. Dich chuyen be m§t thdng thudng dUpc quan trac bang cac thiet bj toan dac dien tCr GPS hay cac thiet bj do dan dai (Tensiometer) thdng thudng.
Hinh 4: nguydn tdc tinh toan md hinh md phong truat Id tich hdp LS-Rapid2
Hinh 5. minh hoa cdng nghi thiet bi do dan dai (Tensiometer) khdng day da chieu sSu
DUa vao thid't bj do dan dai hien cd (dang s^u, cd^day), Tensiometer khong day dUde cai tie'n di cd the do dupe 6 nhieu dp sSu va tren khu vyc rdng.
Thf nghiem dUdc thUe hidn bang each sCf dung mo hinh trUdt mang vdi mUa nhan tao, phat trien lan dSu tai Vien Nghien cUu lam nghiep va lam skn FFPRI va Vien Nghien eUu phong chong tham hoa DPRI 6 Tsukuba (Nhat Bkn) tii nam 2014.
Cdng nghe nay hien dang dUdc nghidn cQu cho mai doc sii dung dat tai hien trudng nghien eUu va he thd'ng phun mua nhan tao dupe xay dUng va phat trien tai Vien Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe Giao thdng Van tai tren cd s6 ap dung cho mai dd'c thi/c t^ d Viet Nam de quan trac cd che djch chuyen ciia
4 4 T g p c H KHOAHM c.- .o nSm 9 n i ^
CONGNCHEVIETNlQf "'"^'^^^
NGHIGN CL/U-TRnoDOI
siidn doc vdi do bao hda do nudc ngam, ap lyc nadc 16 rong... dieuj<ien true ti^p dan den trUdt l6 khi mUa Idn do bien ddi khi hau gay ra.
Hinh 6: md hlnh thiet ke he thd'ng mang trupt di/a tren tinh chat miu dat d khu vi/c HSi VSn vA he thd'ng phun mUa nhSn t§o
Quan trac va canh bio sdm hi$n tupng trupt dat
TrSn cd s6 nghien cUu cd che cua hidn tUdng djch chuyen bang thiet bi thi nghiem trong phdng, xay dyng cd sd ly thuyet md'i quan he ve djnh IUdng cua cac yeu to' nh^iy ckm nhu lupng mUa, ap lUc nude lo rong, Ung sua't phap, Qng suat cat... thdi diem trUdc khi qua trinh chuyen dpng nhanh cua khdi trUdt dUdc da bao.
Hidn trudng thCf nghiem cho edng nghe quan trac va canh bao sdm dUdc li/a chpn la dilm trUdt Id dat Idn trdn tuy^n dudng sat Bac - Nam, tai ga dinh deo H^i van. Sd do nguyen ly lam vide cua he thd'ng c&nh bao sdm dUdc trinh bay d hinh 7. Cac cau phan chfnh
Hlnh 7. nguyen ly l^m vide cua h$ thdng cinh bio sdm dUdc xay di/r^g cho khu viJc trU0t dat t?i ga dinh d^o Hai Vin
cua he thdng bao gom: 1) quan trSc tong the dich chuyen be mat cua sudn dd'c bang he thd'ng toan dac didn tii chfnh xac tren ep sd thie't lap he thdng gUdng (diem kiem soat djnh sSn) tren sudn dd'c va he thd'ng GPS; 2) quan trac IUdng mua dai han va lien tue tai VI tri quan trac bang thiet bj do mua de xay dUng md'i quan he cOa su djch chuyen be mat vdi IUdng mUa phyc vu viec dU bao; 3) lap dat he thd'ng do dan dai theo phUdng dich ehuyen chi'nh cua sUdn dd'c dUdc phan tfch va du bao bang phan tfch dia mao va sii dung khdng anh; 4) khoan cac vi tri tren sudn dd'cde xac djnh mat trupt, dong thdi \kp dat cae thiet bi do dan dai theo phuong dQng, ap lUc nudc lo rong cung nhu chieu sau muc nudc ngam; 5) xay dUng he thdng canh bao tu ddng dUatren ke't qua phan tfch ly thuyd't bang thf nghiem trong phdng va ke't qua quan trac lien tyc tgi hien trUdng.
Bang viec quan trac thudng xuyen cae vj trf nhgy cam, mUc dp canh bao se dUdc cung cap cho nha quan ly khai thac dS cd eac hinh thUe giam thieu can thiet se dUdc ap dung. Trudc khi hien tudng djch chuyen nhanh cua sudn dd'c x^y ra, tfn hieu canh bao dudi dang den bao hay cdi hu se dUde kich boat de giup ddn vj qu^n ly dUng doan tau nham tranh tai nan.
Tinh toan on djnh sudn dd'c bing phan mSm md phong ADCALC3D
On djnh sUdn dd'c la mpt trong nhQng van de cd ban va quan trpng trong danh gia rui ro trupt dat. Ben canh nhQng phan men truyen thd'ng nhu Geoslope..., ADCALC3D la mdt phan mim 3D ho trd dac lUc cae nha nghien cUu, thiet ke eung nhU quan ly on djnh cac sUdn ddc tu nhien va nhSn tao. Tren cd sd sd lieu md phong sudn dd'c tu nhien nhU yeu td dja hinh, thdng sd cd ly cua vat lieu, tinh trang thuy van... md hinh cd the du bao dUpc mUc dp an toan cua cac sUdn dd'c doi vdi mdi cung trUdt du kien theo 3 phUdng phap cd b^n la Hovland, Janbu3D va RBSM3D.
Vdi cac sUdn ddc nhan tao, cac giai phap cdng trinh dUdc sii dyng nhu neo, gieng va ham ha mUc nude ngam, cpc gia cd, ke chd'ng dd, ADCALC3D cd the hd trd tinh toan, phan tfch hieu quk ky thuat cCia giai phap nhu dUa ra he sd on dinh, hudng chuyen vj, phd Ung suat... hQu dyng cho viec can nhac va lua chpn giai phap. Ngoai ra, vdi thiet ke than thien, giao dien dep, ADCALC3D cdn cd the dUa ra eac mat cat e^n thiet, eac gdc nhin yeu cau, phu hdp vdi nhu cau eua ngUdi sQdyng.
C!ft OO nSrr, OHI^ ToR cK KHOAHQC 45
^"''"^""""cONGNGHEVlETNfir
NGHIGNCLiU-TRRO DOI
Ket qua
Cae cdng nghe mdi dUde de cap d tren deu nam trong khudn kho Du an hdp tac ky thuat giQa Viet Nam va Nhat Ban "Phat trien cdng nghe danh gia riii TO trUdt da't dpc theo cac tuyen giao thdng chinh tgi Vidt Nam". Mac du mdi d thdi diem giQa ky eua DU an nhung vdi su no lyc khdng ngUng eua cac nha nghien cUu Nhat BSn va Viet Nam, DU an da dat dUde cac ket qua bUdc dau dang khich le.
Viec xay dung ban do nhan dgng trUdt dat bang phUdng phap phan tfch khdng knh, ban do danh gia sy nhay cam da hoan t^t giai doan nghien eUu ly thuyet va dang tien hanh xay dang ban do nhan dgng cho mdt sd khu vyc dien hinh nhU deo Hai van, dudng Ho Chi Minh (khu vUc Prao - Thgch My - Kham OUe). Xay dyng ban do danh gia sU nhay cam trupt dat t^ Id 1:500.000 dpc theo hanh lang tuyen dadng dudng Ho Chf Minh tii Qu^ng trj den Kon Tum SLf dung phUdng phap trpng so' da hoan ta't.
Sau hdn 2 nam nghidn cUu cd che' dich chuyen cua diem trUdt dat ed ban kinh eung trupt Idn, thiet bj eat vdng khdng thoat nUdc d ap lyc cao ICL-2 da hoan thien phan nghien cUu che tao va true tiep chay thQ bdi eac nghien cQu vien cDa Vidt Nam tai Nhat Ban cho phien ban thCf nghiem. Thiet bj mdi da dUgic dat hang ehe tgo va se dUpc chuyen ve Viet Nam vao nam 2015. Cae ket qua thi nghidm cua thiet bj ddi vdi miu da't tai Hai Van da hoan thanh va dang dadc phan tfch cho dau vao cua mo hinh trupt Id Idn tgi Hai Van, sQ dyng LS-Rapid2. Cac md hinh du bao tUdng ty cho thay, kha nang tao sdng quy md Idn, tac dpng vao thanh phd Da Ning trong trudng hpp cd trUdt dat Idn tgi Hai Van xay ra.
Viec phattrien cdng nghe thie't b| do dan dai khdng day da chieu sau cho viec quan trac djch chuyen be mat cDa sudn doe da hoan thanh va thdng nhat ve ly thuyet cd che dich chuyen. Md hinh nghien cQu quy md Idn da dapc thie't ke. Khu nha thQ nghidm da dupe xay dUng tai Vien Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe Giao thong Van t i i . Sau khi hoan tat viec lap dat thiet bj, du kien cac ket quk ban dau cua md hinh se cd dupe vao giOa nam 2015. Viec quan trac va canh bao sdm hien tUdng trUdt da't tgi Hai Van da dUdc cac nha nghien cQu 2 phia Viet Nam va Nhat Ban thao luan nhieu lan tren cd sd phan tieh dia mao, dia hinh... ket hdp vdi sCr dung ADCALC3D. Cac thdng sd quan trac, thie't bj quan trie, cd che hogt dpng da
dupe thdng nhat laa chpn cho viec thii nghiem quan trac va canh bao.
Ket luan
Do nhOng didu kien ta nhien dac trUng cua Viet Nam, sut trUdt da't da la mdt trong nhQng hien tUdng tu nhien thudng xay ra, gay hau quk nghidm trpng trdn cac tuyd'n giao thdng huyet mach di qua cac vung nui, nha't la vao mua mUa. Thiet lap mdt cdng nghe hQu hieu d l danh gia rCii ro do trUpt dat gay ra 6 Viet Nam la va'n de quan trpng de giam thieu thien tai.
Thdng qua DU an hdp tac ky thuat giQa Viet Nam va Nhat Bin, mdt sd cdng nghd mdi d l danh gia rui ro dang dupe nghien cUu tai Vien Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe Giao thdng Van tai nham Ung dung trong vide quan ly vT md cung nha vi md, gdp phin giam thieu thiet hai do hien tUdng trUdt Id dat da gay ra. Vdi vide thuc hien thanh cdng DU an se giup cac nha khoa hpc trong nudc tiep can va lam chCi dapc cae cdng nghe mdi, qua dd de xua't vdi cac cd quan quin ly cd nhQng quydt djnh phu hdp, gdp phan giam thieu thiet hai do hien tUdng syt trapt dat da gay ra doi vdi he thdng giao thdng ndi rieng va viec xay dung ha tang ndi chung gi
Tai lieu tham khan
1. Dinh VanTIS'n (2011), Nghi§n cCiu ap dyng phifdng phSp phan tfch AHP lap hkn 66 rui ro trUdt d^t quy md idn dpc theo difdng Ho Ch( Minh, doan tif Thach My dfin Kham Bile, tinh Quing Nam.
2. Dmh Van Tien, Doan Mmh Tam {2010), Phifdng phap ISp bkn a6 vCing rui ro trUot dat doc dUdng Ho Chi Mmh, Tgp chi Cau di/dngs6 1+2.2012.
3. Kyoji Sassa {2011), Phat trien cong ngh§ dinh gia rii ro tri/dt dat dpc theo cac tuyen giao thong chinh tgi Vi^t Nam.
4. Tran T i n Van va tap the tac g i i (2006), Bio cio Itet qua De an khic sat danh gia hien trang, nguy CO trifdt Id d^t mdt so doan tren tuyen dadng Ho Chi Minh, Qu6c!6 IA v i d i xuatbiSn phap xCl ly dim bio an toan giao thOng, s i n xuit, sinh hoatcCia cac vCing dan cif.
5. Kyoji Sassa, Bm He, Mauri McSaveney, Osamu-ICL Landslide teaching tools.
46 I TapcW KHOAHQS go' 22 nam ? n i i
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