lUAT
PHAN TO, KIEN LAI
CUA BI DOfN TRONG TRANH CHAP KINH DOANH, T H U O N G MAI - BAT CAP VA HlJCfNG HOAN THIEN
• CAO NHAT LINN - PHAM VIET TRUNG
TOM TAT:
Yeu c^u phan to', kien lai trong tranh cha'p kinh doanh, thtrdng mai du'cfc quy dinh trong Bp luat To tung dan sif nam 2015, LuSt Trpng tai thiTdng mai nam 2010 va cac vSn bdn hifdng dan thi hanh cua hai dao luat nay. Day la quyen dac thd cua hi dOn trong tranh chap. The nhtfng, nhffng quy dmh trong hai dao lu|t noi tren vin con nhieu bat clip dn hokn thidn. BSi viet nay neu rd nhiJng bat cap va hifdng hoan thien trong phan to', kien lai trong tranh chap kinh doanh, thu'dng mai,
Tiif khoa: Phan to', kien lai, tranh cha^p, kinh doanh, thiTdng mai.
1. Khai nidm ve yeu cau phan to, kien iai Dd'i vdi tranh cha'p kinh doanh, thifdng mai dtfdc giai quyet tai toa an thi quyen yeu cau phan td'cuabiddn difdc quy dinh trong Bo luat To'tung dan su- nam 2015 (BLTTDS 2015). Tai Khoan 4 Dieu 72 BLTTDS 2015 quy dinh "Bi ddn cd quyen dda ra y^u cau phan to'do'i vdi nguyen ddn, ne'u cd lien quan de'n yeu cau cua nguyen ddn hoac de nghi dd'i trCf vdi nghTa vu cua nguyen ddn". Tuy nhien, can cu" vao Dieu 200 cua BLTTDS nam 2015 thi pham vi yeu c^u phan to' cua bi ddn khong chi duTng lai do'i vdi nguygn ddn, ma con cd the yeu cau phan to do'i vdi ngifdi cd quyen Idi, nghia via lien quan. Do dd, chiing ta cd the dmh nghia yeu cau phan to'trong to'tung dan su" nhu" sau: Yeu cau phan to' la yeu cau cua bi
ddn lien quan den yeu cau khdi kien cua nguyen ddn, yeu cau cua ngu'di cd quyen idi, nghTa vu lien quan hoac yeu cau de nghi do'i trCf vdi nghia vu ciia nguyen dcfn, ngtfdi cd quyen Idi, nghTa vu lien quan trong vu an".
Khac vdi quyen y§u cau phan td' cua bj ddn trong phap luSt To' tung dan sir, Lua:t Trong tai thtfdng mai nam 2010 (Luat TTTM nam 2010) quy dinh quyen kien lai ciia bi ddn do'i vdi nguyen ddn. Khoan 1 Dieu 36 cua Luat Trong tai thu'dng mai nam 2010 quy dinh: "Bi ddn cd quyen kien lai nguyen ddn ve nhiJng van de cd lien quan de'n vu tranh chap". Quyen kien lai cua bi ddn trong to' tung trpng tai cd pham vi thifc hien quyen hep hdn dd'i vdi quyen phan to'trong to' tung Ida an. Bdi vi, viec kien lai cua hi ddn
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trong Luat TTTM nam 2010 khong bao gom yeu cau de nghi do'i trijf vdi nghia vu cua nguyen ddn trong vu tranh chS'p. Ve dinh nghia thi Luat TTTM nam 2010 cijng khdng cd dinh nghTa the nao la kien lai. Do do, Luat TTTM nam 2010 nen difdc bo sung dinh nghla kien lai nhif sau:
"Kien lai la yeu cau ciia bi ddn khdi kien ngu'dc trd lai nguyen ddn v^ nhffng vi'n de cd lien quan de'n tranh chap"
2. Ban ch§'t va pham vi y€u cau phan td', kien lai
Mac dCi khoan 4 Dieu 72 BLTTDS nam 2015 quy dinh: "Bi ddn cd quyen dffa ra yeu cau phan to'do'i vdi nguyen ddn, ne'u co lien quan de'n yeu cau cua nguyen ddn hoac de nghi do'i trff vdi nghia vu cua nguyen ddn". Tuy nhien, Khoan 2 Dieu 200 cua BLTTDS nam 2015 chi quy dinh 03 trffdng hdp de toa an cha'p nhan yeu cau phan to' cua hi ddn. Ndi each khac, pham vi yeu cau phan to'cua bi ddnbi gidi han trong 03 trffdng hdp. Cu the: a) Yeu cau phan to' de bu trff nghia vu vdi yeu cau ciia nguyen ddn, ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghia vu lien quan cd yeu cau doc lip; b) Yeu clu phan to' dffdc chap nhan dan den loai trff viec cha'p nhan mSt phan hoac toan bp yeu cau ciia nguyen ddn, ngffdi cd quyen idi, nghia vu lien quan cd yeu cau doc lap; c) Giffa yeu cau phan to' va yeu cau ciia nguyen ddn, ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghia vu lien quan cd yeu cau doc lap cd sff lien quan vdi nhau va neu dffdc giai quyet trong cdng mot vu an thi lam cho viec giai quyet vu an dffdc chinh xac va nhanh hdn.
Quy dinh nay chffa ro, nen da dan de'n nhffng each hieu khac nhau ve yeu cau phan to' cua bi ddn dd'i vdi ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghia vu hen quan.
Thd nhat, can cff vao quy dinh chung ve quyen, nghla vu ciia bi ddn tai Dieu 72 BLTTDS nam 2015 thi bi ddn chi cd quyen yeu cau phan to' do'i vdi nguyen ddn, ma khong cd quyen dffa ra yeu cau phan to' do'i vdi ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghla vu lien quan cd yeu cau doc lap. Do do, ne'u can cff vao Dieu 72 neu tren thi bi ddn hoan toan khdng cd quyen dffa ra yeu cau phan to dd'i vdi ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghia vu lien quan cd yeu cau doc lap. Tuy nhien, theo Dieu 200 ciia Bo
luat nay, quy dmh trffc tiep ve quyen yeu cau phan to ciia bi ddn thi ".. bi ddn c6 quyen yeu cau phan to' dd'i vdi nguyen ddn, ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghTa vu lien quan cd yeu cau doc lap".
Viec khong tho'ng nha't ve pham vi ap dung quyen phan to' ciia bi ddn trong hai dieu lu|t neu tren khong the ndi la sff bat cap Idn. Bdi vi tai cdc quyen va nghia vu chung cua dffdng sff dffdc quy dinh tai Dieu 70 ciia BLTTDS nam 2015 thi ngoai cac quyen va nghia vu dffdc Het ke thi tai khoan 26 ciia dieu luat nay cd them quy dinh"Quyen, nghla vu khac ma phap luat cd quy dinh". Nhff vay, can cff vao quyen, nghTa vu chung cua dffdng sff tai Dieu 70 (trong dd cd bi ddn) thi viec bi ddn thffc hien quyen phan to' tai Dieu 200, bao gom phan to' dd'i vdi ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghTa vu lien quan la khong mau thuan vdi Di6u 70. Song, ne'u can cff vao quyen, nghTa vu dac thii ciia bi ddn tai Dieu 72 thi viec vi ddn thffc hien quyen phan to' tai Dieu 200, bao gom phan td'ddi vdi ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghTa vu Ii6n quan la mau thuan vdi Dilu 72.
Tff sff khdng thd'ng nhat neu tren va phan to' la quyen dac thu cua bi ddn, nen Dieu 72 ciia BLTTDS nam 2015 nen dffdc bo sung them quyen phan to'ciia bi ddn ddi vdi ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghia vu lien quan. Cu the, bd sung khoan 4 Di^u 72 nhff sau: "4, Dffa ra yeu cau phan to'ddi vdi nguyen ddn, ne'u cd lien quan de'n yeu cau ciia nguyen ddn hoac de nghi ddi trff vdi nghla vu ciia nguyen ddn. Dffa ra yeu cau phan to' do'i vdi ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghia vu lien quan, neu CO hen quan den yeu can ciia ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghia vu lien quan hoac de nghi do'i trff vdi nghTa vu ciia ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghia vu lien quan".
Thvthai, Dieu 200 cua BLTTDS nam 2015 chi cho phep toa an chS'p nhan y6u cau phan td ciia bi ddn do'i vdi ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghla vu lien quan cd ygu cau doc lap. Quy dinh nay chffa hdp ly. Bdi vi theo Dieu 73 ciia BLTTDS nam 2015 thi "Ngifdi cd quyen Idi, nghla vu lien quan neu tham gia td tung vdi ben nguyen ddn hoac chi cd quyen Idi thi cd quyen, nghla vu ciia nguyen ddn quy dinh tai Dieu 71 ciia Bp luat nay". NhffvSy, khi ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghTa vu lien quan khdng cd yeu clu doc lap, nhffng tham gia to' tung vdi
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LUAT
ben nguySn ddn thi bi ddn khong cd quyIn phan td ddi vdi ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghla vu liSn quan di bu trff nghla vu vdi ngffdi nay. Thd nhffng, trong vu an, neu cd ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghia vu lien quan thi cd the phat sinh nghla vu ciia bi ddn ddi vdi ngffdi n^y, du ngffdi nay khdng cd ySu cau doc ISp. Do do, neu xet v^ b^n chS't phan to' thi bi ddn vSn cd quyen yeu cau bil trff nghla vu do'i vdi ngffdi cd quyIn Idi, nghTa vu lien quan.
Do dd, Dilu 200 cua Bd luSt TTDS cin dffdc sffa ddi theo hffdng thay the cum tff "ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghla vu lien quan cd yeu cau ddc lap" bang cum tff "ngffdi cd quy^n Idi, nghTa vu li6n quan". Nhff vay, khi bi ddn cd y6u ctu bu trff nghia vu ddi vdi ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghla vu hen quan thi cung dffdc coi la phan to', vi ne'u ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghla vu lien quan tham gia to' tung vdi nguy§n ddn thi quyen Idi ciia ho dd'i vdi bi ddn ciing gidng nhff quyen Idi ciia nguyen ddn dd'i vdi bj ddn. Do do, bi ddn hoan toan c6 quyIn phdn td' dd'i vdi nguyen ddn, ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghla vu lien quan mi^n sao vi6c phan to' do nham muc dich bu trff nghla vu hoac loai trff yeu cau ciia dd'i phffdng hoac lien quan den ygu clu cua dd'i phffdng
Dd'i vdi tranh chap kinh doanh, thffdng mai dffdc giai quydt bang trpng tai, thi pham vi kiSn lai dffdc quy dinh tai khoan 1 Dieu 36 cua Luat TTTM nam 2010. Cu the: "Bi ddn cd quyen kien lai nguydn ddn ve nhffng vSn dd c6 li^n quan dS'n vu tranh chS'p". Nhff vay, theo quy dmh neu tren thi bi ddn cd quyen kien lai nguyen ddn trong vu tranh cha^p do ma khdng can phai cd yeu to' bu trff nghla vu hay loai bo mdt phin hay toan bd yeu cau. Trffdng hdp nay chi cd mdt dieu ki6n duy nhS't la phai cd lien quan den vu tranh chS'p. Nhff vSy, so vdi to' tung toa an thi viec ki^n lai trong to' tung trpng tai chi cd the tffdng ddng trong trffdng hdp thff 03 cua cac trffdng hdp cha'p nhan yeu cau phan td theo quy dinh ciia BLTTDS nam 2015.
Do dd, ban chat va pham vi kiSn lai trong to' tung trpng tai khac vdi ban cha't v^ pham vi phan to'trong td'tung Ida an. Viec kifin lai trong to'tung trong tai khdng nham bu trff nghla vu dd'i vdi ben yeu cau hay loai bd mot phIn, toan bd yeu cau
ciia ben ySu cau, ma nham muc dich khdi kien ngffdc lai nguyen ddn trong vu tranh chap do. Quy dinh nay khdng hdp ly, bdi vi neu nham muc dich khdi kien lai nguyen ddn trong vu tranh chap do thi cd nghia la trong cung mot vu tranh cha'p, Hdi ddng trpng tai phai giai quydt 2 y6u c&u khdi ki§n ddc ISp dd'i khang ISn nhau Cu the, Khoan 4 Dieu 36 ciia LuSt TTTM nam 2010 quy dinh:
"Viec giai quyet ddn kien lai do Hoi dong trpng tai giai quyet ddn khdi kien ciia nguyen ddn thffc hien theo quy dinh ciia Luat nay v^ trinh tff, thu tuc giai quydt ddn khdi kiSn cua nguyen ddn".
Ngoai ra, Luat TTTM nam 2010 khdng cd quy dinh ve ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghTa vu lien quan trong vu tranh chS'p. Ndi c^ch kh^c, LuSt TTTM nam 2010 quy dinh trong vu tranh cha^p chi cd nguyen ddn, bi ddn ma khdng cd ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghla vu lidn quan Do do, pham vi kiSn lai ciia bi ddn trong to tung trong tai khdng ap dung dd'i vdi ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghla vu lien quan.
De khac phuc bat cap n^u tr6n, LuSt TTTM nam 2010 nen cd van ban hffdng dan ve pham vi khdi ki^n lai ciia bi ddn theo hffdng tffdng ddng vdi pham vi phan to' ciia bi ddn trdng td' tung tda an. Ngoiira, Luat TTTM nam 2010 nen bd sung them chii the tham gia td' tung thff ba, do la ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghla vu lien quan trong vu tranh cha'p va md rdng pham vi kien lai ciia bi ddn dd'i vdi ngffdi cd quyIn Idi, nghla vu lien quan ne'u ngffdi nay cd quyen Idi lien quan dS'n bi ddn trong vu tranh chS'p.
3. Thcfi Aiim y6u c^u phan to', kien lai Dd'i vdi tranh cha'p kinh doanh, thffdng mai dffdc giai quye't tai tda an, khoan I Dieu 200 ciia BLTTDS quy dinh: "Ciing vdi vi6c phai nop cho T5a an van ban ghi y kien cua minh dd'i vdi yeu cau ciia nguyen ddn, bi ddn cd quyen yeu clu phan to' ddi vdi nguyen ddn, ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghla vu lien quan cd y6u cau doc lap". NhffvSy, thdi diem hi ddn cd quyen thffc hi6n yeu cau phan to' la Cling liic vdi thdi diem ndp van ban ghi y kien ciia minh dd'i vdi yeu cau ciia nguyen ddn.
Cu the, theo Khoan 1 Dieu 199 BLTTDS nam 2015 thi trong thdi han 15 ngay, k6^ tff ngay nhan dffdc thong bao ve viec thu ly vu an, bi ddn phai nop van ban ghi y kie'n ciia minh dd'i vdi yeu cau
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ciia nguyen ddn, kem theo yeu ciu phan td (neu cd). Nhff vay, can cff vao quy dinh neu tren thi thdi di6m bat dau thffc hien quyen phan to'ciia bi ddn la ngay khi nhan dffdc thong bao ciia toa an ve viec thu ly vu an. Tuy nhien, vao thdi diem nay, bi ddn chi cd the thffc hien dffdc quyen phan to' do'i vdi nguyen ddn. Bdi vi trong ndi dung ciia thong bao thu ly theo Dieu 196 BLTTDS, khdng cd thong tin ve ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghla vu lien quan. Do do, vao thdi diem nay, bi ddn hoan toan khdng the yeu cau bii trff nghla vu hay loai trff yeu cau ciia ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghla vu hen quan, trff khi bi ddn bidt dffdc trong vu an dd cd dffdng sff !a ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghTa vu Hen quan tham gia. Nhff vay, tinh hud'ng nay chi cd thd xay ra khi ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghla vu hen quan cd yeu cau doc lap va thii tuc to' tung quay lai tff dau, Cd nghla la toa an phai thffc hien thii tuc to' tung nhff thii tuc nhan khdi kien va thu ly ddn khdi kien ciia nguyen ddn. Liic do, bi ddn mdi cd cd hoi thffc hien quyen phan to' dd'i vdi ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghTa vu hen quan cd yeu cau doc lap. Trong trffdng hdp ddn khdi kien ciia nguyen ddn khdng cd ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghla vu lien quan thi hi ddn chi cd the bidt dffdc ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghla vu lien quan vao thdi diem didn ra phien hop kiem tra viec giao nop, tiep can, cdng khai chffng cff va hda giai. Thd nhffng, khoan 3 Dieu 200 ciia BLTTDS nam 2015 lai quy dinh: "Bi ddn cd quyen dffa ra yeu cau phan to' trffdc thdi diem md phi^n hpp kiem tra viec giao nop, tiep can, cong khai chffng cff va hda giai". Day dffdc xem la thdi gian ket thiic vigc thffc hien quyen phan td cua bi ddn. Ndi each khac, sau phien hpp kiem tra viec giao nop, tiep cSn, cong khai chffng cff va hda giai thi khdng cd quy dinh nao cho phep bi ddn thffc hien quyen phan td. Quy dmh nay kha bat cap. Cu the, theo Giai dap mot so' va'n de ve nghiep vu sd 01/2017/GD- TANDTC ciia TANDTC thi "Trffdng hdp Tda an tie'n hanh hda giai nhieu Ian thi Ian hda giai dau ti6n Tda an phai tien hanh theo dung trinh tff phien hop kiem tra viec giao nop, tiep can, cdng khai chffng cff va hda giai quy dinh tai Dieu 210 Bo luat Td tung dan sff nam 2015. Ddi vdi Ian
hda giai tiep theo, Toa an chi tie'n hanh kiem tra viec giao nop, tiep can, cdng khai chffng cff khi cd tai lieu, chffng cff mdi va ghi vao bien ban hda giai".
Nhff vay, BLTTDS quy dinh gidi han "Bi ddn cd quyen dffara yeu c^u phan to'trffdc thdi diem md phien hpp kiem tra viec giao nop, tie'p can, cong khai chffng cff va boa giai" la ap dung cho trffdc thdi diem md phien hop dau tien hay cac phidn hpp tidp theo? Can cff vao quy trinh td tung, thi cac phien hpp tidp theo khong the dffdc gpi la phien hpp kiem tra viec giao nop, tiSp cSn, cdng khai chffng cff va hda giai. Do dd, cd the ket luan rang, thdi diem bi ddn phan to'phai dffdc thffc hien trffdc khi md phien hpp dau tien theo thii tuc quy dinh tai Dieu 120 ciia BLTTDS nam 2015. Dieu nay la qua ba't hdp ly. Do dd, tren thffc te, cac tda an cd the cha'p nhan yeu cau phan td trong qua trinh dien ra phien hop dau tien hoac sau khi dien ra phien hpp dau tien. Tuy nhien, de cha'p nhan quyen phan to' nay d cdc giai doan sau khi md phien hpp dau tien ve kid'm tra viec giao nop, tie'p cSn, cdng khai chffng cff va hda giai thi khoan 3 Dieu 200 ciia BLTTDS nen dffdc sffa ddi nhff sau: "Bi ddn cd quyen dffa ra yeu cau phan td trffdc thdi didm cd quyet dinh dffa vu an ra xet xff sd tham" Viec md rgng pham VI thdi gian thffc hien quydn phan to' nay vffa nham tao dieu kien cho bi ddn cd dii thdi gian phan td ddi vdi nguyen ddn, ngffdi cd quyIn Idi, nghla vu lien quan sau khi bi ddn nam chinh xac dffdc toan bo thong tin vu an, vffa tao di^u kien cho viec giai quye't, chap nhan phan td dffdc chinh xac.
Trong td'tung trpng tai, khoan 2 Dieu 36 ciia LuSt Trpng tai thffdng mai nam 2010 quy dinh:
"Ddn kien lai phai dffdc nop ciing thdi diem ndp ban tff bao ve". Nhff vay, khoan 2 va khoan 3 cua Dieu 35 xac dinh thdi diem bat dau, ket thiic vide thffc hien quyen gffi ban tff bao ve (ddng nghTa vdi viec xac dinh thdi diem bat dau, ket thuc viec thffc hien quyen kien lai) ciia hi ddn. Cu the:
"Ndu cac ben khdng cd thda thuan khac hoac quy tac td tung ciia Trung tam trpng tai khong cd quy dmh khac, thi trong thdi han 30 ngay, ke tff ngay nhan dffdc ddn khdi kien va cac tai Ii€u kem
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LUAT
theo, bi ddn phai gffi cho Trung tam trpng tai ban tff bao ve. Theo yeu cau ciia mdt ben hoac cac ben, thdi han nay cd the dffdc Trung tam trpng tai gia han can cff vao tinh tiet cu the cua vu viec". Tffdng tff, "Do'i vdi vu tranh chap dffdc giai quyet bang Trpng tai vu vific, ne'u cac ben khdng cd thda thuan khac, thi trong thdi ban 30 ngay, ke tff ngay nhan dffdc ddn khdi kien cua nguyen ddn va cac tai lieu kem theo, bi ddn phai gffi cho nguyen ddn va Trpng tai viSnban tff bao ve...".
Nhff vay, thdi diem kien lai cua bi ddn trong to' tung trpng tai dffdc xac dinh bat dau tff khi hi ddn nhan dffdc ddn khdi kien cua nguyen ddn va ket thuc trong vdng 30 ngay sau do, ndu cac ben khong cd thda thuan khac hoac ndu quy ta'c to' tung ciia trung tam trpng tai khong cd quy dinh khac hoac khong dffdc trung tam trpng tai cho gia ban (ne'u giai quyet tranh cha'p bang hinh thffc trpng tai quy chd). Ndi each khac, cd 04 thdi diem kdt thuc quyen kifin lai ciia bi ddn: Theo thda thuan; Theo quy tac ciia Trung tam trpng tai ne'u giai quyet bang trpng tai quy che; Dffdc trung tam trpng tai cho gia han; 30 ngay sau khi bi ddn nhan dffdc ddn khdi kien ciia nguyen ddn neu khdng cd cac trffdng hdp neu tren.
So vdi quyen phan to'ciia bi ddn trong td tung toa an thi quyen kien lai cua bi ddn trong td'tung trpng tai cd thdi diem ke't thuc rdng hdn. Tuy nhien, quy dinh nay vSnkha bat cap ve dieu kien nop ddn kien lai. Cu the, vi6c quy dinh ddn kien lai phai nop cung liic vdi ban tff bao v6 la ba't hdp ly. Bdi vi, ne'u bi ddn khdng gffi ban tff bao ve thi cd quyen nop ddn kien lai nguyen ddn hay khdng? Trong khi, theo quy dinh tai khoan 5 Dieu 35 cua Luat TTTM nam 2010 thi trffdng hdp bi ddn khdng nop ban tff bao ve nay, qua trinh giai quydt tranh cha'p van dffdc tie'n hanh. The nhffng, can cff vao quy dinh hien hanh, bi ddn khong gffi
ban tff bao ve thi qua trinh giai quye't van dffdc tien hanh nhuTig bi ddn khong c6 quyen kien lai, vi khong cd ban tff bao ve de gffi ddn kien lai cung liic vdi ban tff bao ve. Ngoai ra, theo each hieu neu tren thi trong trffdng hdp hi ddn nop ban tff bao ve ma khong nop ddn kien lai, nhffng sau dd bi ddn muo'n kien lai nguyen ddn thi bi ddn cung se khdng dffdc nop ddn kien lai, cho dii thdi han gffi ban tff bao ve vSn con.
De khac phuc quy dinh chffa rd rang nay, khoan 2 Dieu 36 ciia Luat TTTM nam 2010 nen sffa ddi thanh: "Thdi ban nop ddn kien lai dffdc tinh cijng-vdi thdi ban nop ban tff bao v6". Ne'u sffa ddi nhff tren thi dam bao dffdc viec bi ddn khdng nop ban tff bao ve nhffng van cd quyen nop ddn kien lai nguyen ddn. Ben canh do, Luat Trong tai thffdng mai cung nen md rong thdi gian gffi ban tff bao ve (ddng nghla vdi viec md rdng thdi gian kien lai cua bi ddn) theo hffdng dffdc quyen gffi ban tff bao ve trffdc Itic dien ra phien hpp giai quyet tranh chap ciia Hoi ddng trpng tai
Tom lai, de bao ve quyen Idi ciia minh trong tranh cha'p kinh doanh, thffdng mai, bi ddn cd the thffc hien quyen yeu cau phan to'dd'i vdi nguyen ddn, ngffdi cd quyen Idi, nghla vu lien quan (n6'u tranh cha'p dffdc giai quye't bang hinh thffc tda an) hoac kien lai nguyen ddn (ne'u tranh cha'p dffdc giai quye't bang trpng tai). Tuy nhien, cac quy dinh ve pham vi, thdi diem bat dau, ket thuc hoac thu tuc phan td, kien lai trong BLTTDS nam 2015 va Luat Trpng tai thffdng mai nam 2010 con kha nhieu ba't cap, chffa thffc sff dam bao va tao didu kien cho bj ddn thffc hien quyen nay mot each thuSn Idi. Do dd, mot sd'kidn nghi hoan thien phap luat neu tren nhSm gdp phan vao viec dam bao quyen Idi cho hi ddn khi tham gia td'tung theo quy dinh cua BLTTDS nam 2015 vaLTTTM2010B
TAX LIEU THAM KHAO:
1. Bo ludt Tdlung ddn sU nam 2015 2. Ludt Trong tdi thuang mai nam 2010.
So 8-Thang 5/2019 19
3. Nghi quyet so 01/2017/NQ-HDTP ngiiy 13/01/2017 cua Hoi dong Tham phan Toa an nhan ddn toi cao ban hanh mot so hieu mau trong totting dan.
4 Giai dap so: 01/2017/GD-TANDTC, ngay 07/04/2017 ve Giai dap mot sSvd'n de nghiep vu.
Ngay nhan bai: 1/4/2019
Ngay phan bien danh gia va siJa chffa: 11/4/2019 Ngay chap nhan dang bai; 21/4/2019
Thong tin tac gia:
1. TS. CAO NHAT LINK Khoa LuSt - Dai hoc Can Thtf 2. PHAM VIET TRUNG Toa an Nhan dSn tinh Ca Mau
SHORTCOMINGS OF PROVISIONS RELATED TO COUNTERCLAIMS AND SUES OF DEFENDANT IN BUSINESS AND COMMERCE ACTIVITIES AND SOLUTIONS
• PhD CAO NHAT LINH Faculty of Law, Can Tho University
• PHAM VIET TRUNG People's Court ot Co Mau Province
ABSTRACT:
Requests about counterclamis and sues in business and commerce activities are stipulated in the 2015 Civil Procedure Code, the Law on Commercial Arbiu-ation 2010 and guiding documents of these two laws. Counterclaims and sues are the specific right of the defendant. However, the provisions of these two laws still have many shortcomings which need to be solved.
Keywords: Counterclaim, sue, dispute, business, trade.
20 So 8^ Thang 5/2019