TAP CHi KHOA HOC, TRUdNG DAI UgC T R A VINH, Sd 25, T H A N G 3 NAM 2017
THANH PHAN LOAI VA SlT PHAN BO CUA Bir6M 6 TRUNG TAM NONG NGHIEP MUA XUAN, TINH HAU GIANG
SPECIES COMPOSITION AND HABITAT OF BUTTERFLY IN MUA XUAN AGRICULTURAL CENTER, HAU GIANG PROVINCE
Tnromg Hoang D a n \ Trin Thj Bich Lien^ Biii Tmcmg Tho^
Tom tat - Nghien cuu dugc thuc hien tai Trung tdm Ndng nghiep Miia Xudn, tinh Hau Giang tic thdng 9/2014 den 12/2014. Nghien cuu ghi nhan 41 lodi buam thuoc 32 gidng cua 5 ho.
Ho Nymphalidae chiem itu the tuyet doi, tiep theo Id ho Pieridae, Hesperiidae vd Lycaenidae trong khi ho Papilionidae ed tdn sudt xudt hien thdp nhdt. Ket qud eho thdy, sinh canh rieng tram vd sinh canh ven duang Id hai sinh cdnh da dang nhdt vai nhieu lodi buam dugc tim thdy
Tir khda: thdnh phan lodi, bu-dm, Trung tam Ndng nghiep Mua Xudn, habitat
Abstract - The survey was carried out in Mua Xuan agricultural center, Hau Giang province from 9/2014 to 12/2014 The study recorded 41 butterfly species, which belong to 32 genera of 05 families. Nymphalidae was the most dominant family, followed by Pieridae. Hesperiidae and Lycaenidae whereas Papilionidae had the lowest frequency of occurrence. The findings also indi- cated that Melaleuca forest and roadside sight were two diverse habitats where the butterfly species were found most.
K^words: species composition, butterfly, Mua Xuan agricultural center, habitat
I. GICII THIEU
Trung tam Nong nghiep Mua Xuan, tinh Hau Giang la mdt trong sd ft cac lam trudng tai Hau Giang vdi dien tich la 1.434,89 ha co miic do da dang sinh hgc cao. Vdi cac sinh canh co nhi6u
^•^KhoaMoi Trucmg & Tai Nguyen Thicn Nhicn, Truang Dai hgc Can Tho
^Khoa Ky thuat & Cong nghe, Tnrong Dai hoc Aarhus, Dan Mach
Ngay nhan bai: 21/9/lf, Ngay nhan ket qua binh duyct:
23/12/17, Xgay ch^p nhan dang: 22/02/17
loai thuc vat sinh sdng, ciing nhu it chiu tac ddng ciia yeu td con ngudi. Trung tam Ndng ngbicp Mua Xuan tao thanh noi du trii da dang sinb hgc thu hut cac loai chim sinh sdng cung nhu lam mdi trudng cac loai cdn trung thugc Bd Canh vay phat trien da dang.
Tai Ddng bang sdng Ciiu Long (DBSCL), cac nghien cuu ve nhdm cdn trung Bd Canh vay ndi chung va budm ndi rieng cdn nhd le, da phan chi tap trung nghien cuu vao mgt sd ddi tugng gay hai tren cay trong. Cdn cac nghien cuu khu he budm Nam Bd tap tnmg tu Binh Phudc ra Bdc, chi CO 4 nghien ciiu cdng bd tai DBSCL. Trong dd, cd 2 nghien ciiu thuc hien tai dao Phii Qudc ciia Biii Hihi Manh [1] va Huynh Diic [2]. Cd 2 nghien ciiu dugc thuc hien d ddt lien (Thanh phd Can Tha) la Pbam Thanh Bihn va Trdn Thi Anh Thu [3], Hd Hdng Hai [4].
Bd phu budm thudc bd canh vay (Lepi- doptera), lop cdn trung (Insecta), nganh chan khdp (Arthropoda) cd bien thai hoan toan, chu trinh sdng trai qua 4 giai doan la tning, sau, nhdng va thanh trung [5]. Ngay nay, nhan thiic cua con ngudi ve vai trd cua budm ngay cang tang. Budm la mgt trong nhung nhdm con tning tham gia thu phan cho cay trdng [6]; la mdt trong nhiing loai dgng vat dep, cd gia tri trong viec trang tri va sim tap, lam tang them ve dep ciia cac khu du lich [2] va chung cung la mdt trong nhiing mat xich quan trong trong chudi thiic an ciia gidi dgng vat, tao nen su can bdng sinh hgc cho Trai dat [5]. Vi vay, nhirng nghien ciiu ve thanh phan loai thudc bg canh vay noi chung va budm ndi rieng CO the phan anh dugc phdn nao tinh trang mdi trudng s6ng ciia sinh vat tai khu vuc nghien ciiu. Tir nhiing li do tren, nghien ciiu "Thanh phdn loai va su phan bo cua budm d Trung tam Ndng nghiep Mua Xuan, tinh Hau Giang" cdn
TAP CHi KHOA HOC, TRl/dNG DAI HQC T R A VINH, Sd 25, THANG 3 NAM 2C N 6 N G NGHIfiP - THdY S A N
thiet dugc thuc Men de cung cap thdng tin hiru ich ve hien trang da dang thanh phan va su phan bd cua budm, phuc vu cho cdng tac quan ly, quy hoach bao tdn da dang sinh hgc. Ngoai ra, ket qua ciia de tai se la ngudn tu lieu phuc vu cho vice giang day, hgc tap va cdng tac nghien ciiu khoa hoc cho tinh Hau Giang ndi rieng va DBSCL ndi chung.
n. PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUH A. Phuang phdp ke thica
Thu thap va ke thiia cac tai lieu cd lien quan den dia ban tinh Hau Giang va Trung tam Ndng nghi?p Miia Xuan bao gom; (i) ban dd hien trang, ban dd sii dung dat, ban do tiem nang da dang sinh hgc, (ii) cac tai lieu nghien cuu khoa hoc ve Trung tam Ndng nghiep Miia Xuan (da dang cdn triing, nhiing du an va de tai trude do cd lien quan den Trung tam Ndng nghiep Miia Xuan), (iii) cac tai lieu ve da dang budm d cac khu bao ton dat ngap nude ndi dia khac (Tram Chun, U Minh Ha, Tra Su,...). Cac tu Ueu san cd nay se dugc xem xet, chon loc de sir dung thich hgp cho tung ngi dung nghien ciiu-
B. Phuong phdp dieu tra theo tuyen Lira chgn tuyen dieu tra: dua tren ban dd da dang sinh hgc hem nang va ban do dia binh ciia khu vuc, 4 tuyen dieu tra va thu mau dugc lua chgn se qua cac sinh canh chinh can giam sat, danh gia la rimg tram, vudn nha, vudn mia, mgng Ilia. Cac tuyen thu mau se dugc luu lai nhd may dinh vi GPS.
Cu li cac tuyen: khoang each gan xa cua cac tuyen phu thugc vao miic do chi tiet khu vuc khao sat. Khoang each giiia cac tuyen dao ddng tir 50 - 100 - 1000m.
Hudng di cua tuyen: hudng tuyen vudng goc vdi dudng ddng muc chinh va dugc danh dau tren ban do (Hinh 1).
C. Phuang phdp thu mdu
Phuang pbap thu mau bang vgt dugc ap dung cho nghien ciiu nay. Thu mau d mgi diem bSt ky tren tuycn thu mau, gap con nao thu con dd.
Thu mlu khi budm dau tren nen hoac but thip:
dimg vgt chup tu tren xudng, sau do keo day vgt len cho mau budm bay len, tidp theo turn mieng
vgt lai, nhe nhang dung tay bat mau. Neu mau dau len cao tiii vgt tii dudi len, khi mau rai vao vgt thi ngay lap tuc xoay can vgt cho ludi gap lai, ke den tien hanh lay mau ra. Thu mau khi budm dang bay: phai ddn trude dudng bay cila budm, khi mau bay den vgt that nhanh, chinh xac rdi tien hanh lay mau ra.
D. Phucmg phdp phdn tich mdu trong phdng thi nghiem
Phuang phap xii ly mau budm theo phucmg phap cua Millar [7]. Cac mlu sau khi dugc thu thap ngoai hien trudng se dugc phan tich theo cac budc: (i) giet mau bang each tiem ethyl acetate, (ii) bao quan tam thdi mau trong tiii budm, (iii) cam ghim va chinh dang mau, (iv) say mau 18 - 24 gig d 70oC hoac phai nSng 2 - 3 ngay (sang va chieu).
E. Phuang phdp nhan dgng vd dinh loai mdu Cac mau budm thu d Trung tam Nong nghiep Miia Xuan dugc phan loai dua tren nhieu dan Heu khac nhau, tir khoa dinh loai den cac md ta, hinh anh nhan dien cua cac tac gia: Biii Hihi Manh ( [8], [9], [1]), Millar [7], Borror and Delong [5]
and Godrey [10].
Cac dac diem chinh dugc dung trong dinh loai budm nhu dang rau, chan, kich thudc, mau sac CO the, hinh dang va be gan canh, ca quan sinh due due.
Rau va chan: hai dac diem nay chi cd gia tri phan loai den hg, eac loai hg Nymphalidae cd 2 chan trude tiSu giam, khdng dam nhiem vai trd di chuyen. O hg Hesperiidae rau cd dang mdc cau, trong kbi cac hg cdn lai cd dang rau diii trdng.
Mau sac eg the: mau nen, cac ddm, vet mau tren canh dugc sir dung de dinh loai budm. Tuy nhien, dac diem nay cbi mang lai hieu qua vdi cac loai budm Idn hoac cd khac biet Idn, ddi vdi cac nhdm budm nhd, dac diem ben ngoai gan nhu gidng nhau, hoac mat di vay man tbi dac diem nay khdng the ap dung khi phan loai.
Hinh dang va he gan canh: tiiy theo hg va giSng khac nhau ma hinh dang canh, su ket ndi canh trude vdi canh sau va he gan canh khac nhau. Hg Hesperiidae cd 5 mach R ciia canh trude xuat phat chung tii budng giiia cua canh.
0 canh trude cua hg Papilionidae co 5 nhanh
• u cm :<^iOA HOC TSL'OXG DM :-ioc'niA VINH.sd 2S.THA.\-G 3 NAM2017 NdNGNGHIgP-'rHdYSAN
Hinh 1: B a n dd cac tuyen tbu m a u b u d m d T n m g t a m N d n g n g h i e p Miia X u a n
va canh sau cd ria dorsum Idni, cd l o n g n h d v a t h u d n g cd 1 dudi dai. Trong khi bg N y m p h a l i d a e cd gdc ciia gan canh t r u d e p h u to. M a c h R p h a n thanh 3 h o a c 4 nhanh, g a n M l (canh t r u d e ) xuat phat tir gdc dinh h o a c g a n g d c dinh ciia b u d n g giiia canh, canh sau k h d n g cd gan H g a p d h g Lycaenidae [6].
Ngoai ra, c a quan sinb d u e d u e d u g c sir dung d e phan loai cac loai cd hg h a n g gan, hau n h u kh6'."ig the phan biel b a n g cac dac diem binh thai b e n ngoai [8].
T r o n g dd: C la tAn sd xuat hien c u a loai, p la sd l u g n g cac t u y e n t b u m a u cd loai x u a t bien, P la t d n g sd c a c t u y e n t h u m a u n g h i e n ciiu. T h e o gia tri cua C , chiing ta cd c a c t r u d n g h g p sau: loai t h u d n g g a p C > 5 0 % , loai it g a p 2 5 % < C <
5 0 % , loai n g a u n h i e n C < 2 5 % .
D o p h o n g phii d u g c tinh theo c d n g thiic S i m p - son [12];
F. Phuang phdp xu ly sd lieu vd phdn tich cdc chi sd da dgng
Tan sd xuat hien d u g c tinh theo cdng ihiic cua Sharma [11]:
C = - r l O O
Trong d o ; D la d o p h o n g phii cua loai t r o n g q u a n xa sinh vat, ni la sd l u g n g ca the loai thii 1. N la tdng so ca the c u a cac loai t r o n g h i c n t r u d n g .
TAP CHi KHOA HQC, TRUdNG DAI HOC TRA VINH, S6 25, THANG 3 N A M 2017 NONG NGHIlP - THtJY S A N
in. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN A. Dank luc vd tdn sd xudt hien budm a cdc sinh cdnh ciia Trung tdm Nong nghiep Miia Xudn
Ket qua nghien ciiu ghi nhan 41 loai budm tai Trung tam Ndng nghiep Miia XuSn (Bang 1).
Loai Leptosia nina cd sd lugng nhi£u nhat vdi 61 ca the (chiem 14,7%), k6t qua nay phii hgp vdi dac tbii rieng cua khu vuc Trung tam Ndng nghiep Miia Xuan, vdi su phan bd rgng rSi cua cac loai cay thuSc gidng Cap (Capparis) va cay biin (Crateva religlosa) [9].
Xet ve tan sd xuat hien, cac loai budm d Tmng iSm Ndng nghiep Mua Xuan chia thanh 3 nhom khac nhau, nhdm thudng gap cd 19 loai chiem 46,34% (Danaus genutia, Cethosia cyane.
Elymnias hyparete, Euploea core, Hypolym- nas polina, Ideopsis similis, Junonia atlites, Junonia almana, Moduza procris, Neptis hy- las, Graphium agamemnon, Papilio demuleus, Appias lybithea, Eurema hecabe, Eurema sp.l, Leptosia nina,...). Nhom it ggp cd 11 lodi chiem 26,83% (Ancistroides nigrita, Junonia al- mana, Melanitis leda, Mycalesis mineus, Paran- tica agleoides, Ypthima baldu. Papilio polytes.
Catopsilia pomona, Eurema sp. 2,...) va 11 loai con lai, chiem 26,83% dugc xep vao nhdm ngau nhien (Bang 1).
So sanh danh sach cac loai budm tir nghien ciiu nay vdi danh sach budm d Viet Nam, cac loai budm ghi nhan dugc deu Ihude nhdm pbo bien va phan b6 rgng. Trong dd, cd 8/41 loai (19,51%) chi tbu dugc 1 ca the. Trong nhung nam qua, Tmng tam Ndng nghiep Miia Xuan dugc dau tu phat trien de trd thanh khu du lich sinh thai nen budc dau nhSn dinh, day la nguyen nhan chinh dan den danh sach loai budm chi gom cac loai pho bien. Dieu nay tuang tu nhan dinh cua Bui Hiiu Manh [1], Huynh Diic [2], su phat trien du lich cd the la nguyen nhan anh hudng de sir phan bo cua cac loai it gap hoac loai hiem.
B. Cdu tnic thdnh phdn lodi budm a Trung tdm Ndng nghiep Miia Xudn
Ket qua nghien ciiu ghi nhan co 416 ca the budm tai Trung tam Nong nghiep Miia Xuan theo cac sinh canh khac nhau. Trong dd, dinh danh dugc 415 ca the xep vao 41 loai, 32 giSng cua 5 hg. Cau tnic tbanh phan loai budm tai Tmng
tam Ndng nghiep Mua Xuan: hg Nymphalidae chiem im the tuyet ddi ve sd lugng gidng, loai va sd lugng ca the, vdi 267 ca the thu dirge tir qua trinh nghien ciiu thugc.23 loai (56,10%), xep vao 17 giong (53,12%). Ke d6n, hg Pieridae, hg Hesperiidae va bg Lycaenidae tuang duong nhau ve sd lugng gi6ng va loai. Trong do, hg Pieridae tiiu dugc 101 ca th6 thugc 7 loai (17,07%), cua 5 gidng (15,63%); Hg Hesperiidae cd 4 loai (9,76%) dugc xep vao 4 gidng (12,50%) va Hg Lycaenidae cd 4 loai (9,76%) dugc x&p vao 4 gidng (12,50%). Vdi sd lugng 19 ca the, dugc xep vao 2 gidng (6,25%) gdm 3 loai, chiem 7,31% tdng sd loai tai hicn trudng thu mau thi hg Papilionidae kem da dang nhat ve sd lugng loai (Hinh 2). Cau tnic loai nhu tren phu hgp vdi dac diem chimg ciia khu he budm Viet Nam.
Vi tbeo he thdng phan loai nay hg Nymphalidae cd 5 phu hg (Nymphalinae, Danainae, Satyrinae, Amathusiinae, Libytheinae), vdi sd lugng loai ddng nhat trong cac bg budm (ban 300 loai), da dang cay ki chii (dira, cac loai cd, nhan long...) va cac yeu td mdi trudng ciing thich hgp cho su sinh trudng va phat trien cua hg nay. Theo Bui Hiru Manh [9], cac loai budm bg Nymphalidae cd m|t d hau het cac sinh canh khao sat. Theo [6] cac loai thudc phu hg Danainae ghi nhan d day thudng thu phan hoa tram, cac gidng Moduza, Parthenos thudng thu phin cac loai cay mang lai gia tri kinh te cao nhu; nhan, chdm cbdm, man, xoai... Nhu vay, cac loai budm d Trung tam Ndng nghiep Miia Xuan cd gia tri sinh thai cao.
Hg Papilionidae cd thanh phan va sd lugng thap nhat do yeu t6 mdi trudng va dieu kien ngoai canh khdng pbii hgp eho su sinh trudng va phat trien cua chiing. Theo Biii Hiiu Manh [8], bg Papilionidae la loai chu yeu thich sdng d ven sudi va ngi cd do cao dia hinb nhu cac day niii d mien BSc va mien Trung. Tuy nhien, do Trung tam Ndng nghiep Miia Xuan co dia hinh thip va trung nen no khdng thich hgp cho hg Papilionidae phat trien.
So vdi ket qua dieu tra nghien cuu cua tinh lan can nhu Thanh phd Can Tha: H6 Hdng Kai [4]
thu dugc 65 loai, 49 giong cua 5 bp, con ket qua nghien ciru cita de tai nay thu dugc la 41 loai, 32 giong thugc 5 hg. Do nghien ciiu cua Ho Hong Hai [4] dugc thuc hicn tren dien rgng la ca tinh
TAP CHt KHOA HOC TR.U6NG DAl HOC T R A VINH, S6 25, T H A N G 3 N A M 2017 NONG NGHlSP - THUY SAN
B ^ g 1. Danh luc va tin sd xuat hien budm d cac sinh canh eiia Trung tam Ndng nghiep Mua Xuan
TT T . « »
HESPERIIDAE LATREILLE, 1809
Ten (hirimg B i r O M NHAY
Tan sa l u a t U e n So ca Ihc
1. Udaspes Moorc, 1881
i Udaspes fotus {Cramer, 1775) Budm ma c6 0.5 2
2. Suastus Moore, <1881)
2 Suflj/HT gremim (Fabricius, 1798) Buom nhay xam trang 0,25 1 3. Telicota Moore, (I88I)
3 Telicota besta Evans, 1949 0,25 I
4. Pelopidas Walker, 1870 4 Pelopidas matbias (Fabricius, 1798)
L Y C A E N m A E LEACH, 1815
Buom nhay nho 4 chIm BL'6M XANH
0.5 5
5. Castalius Htibner, (1819)
5 Castalius rosimon Fabncius, 1775 Buom he thudng 0,25 1
6. Euchrysops Butler, 1900
6 Euchrysops cnejus (Fabricius, 1798) Budm xanh 2 vong cam 1 11
7. Zizina C h a p m a n , 1910
7 Zizina otu (Fabncius, 1787) Budm xanh chSm ihudng - 0,25 1
8. MUetus Hubner, (1819)
g Miletus sp Budm nhay xam tring 0,25 6
N Y M P H A L r o A E RAFINESQUE. 181S 9. Amaihusia Fabricius, 1807
9 Amaihusia phidippus (Linnaeus, 1763) Buom chiia spc nau h ^ diia 0,25 1 10. Acraea Fabricius, 1807
Acraea vlolae (Fabricius, 1793) Budm hung nhan long 1. Anadne Horsficld, 1829
11 Ariadne anadne (Lira 12. Athyma Westwood, 1850
12 ^Iftvmaperiuj {Linnaeus, 1758) Budm bang trang 4 ddm 13. Cethosia Fabricius, 1807
13 Cethosia cyane (Drury, 1773) Budm canh ven vach tring 14. Danaus Kluk, 1780
Danaus genulia (Cramer. 1779) 15. Elymnias Hubnt
15 Elymmas hypermne.^lra (Linnaeus, 1763) Budm cau thuirag Budm cau xanh den
17 Hypolimnas botina (Linnaeus, '.
17. Ideopsis Horsneld, 1857 18 Ideopsis similis (Lira
Budm ojap den thudng 4 dom
Budm dom xanh bau
TAP CHi KHOA HOC, TSirdNG DAl HOC n t A VINH, s d 25. THANG 3 NAM 2017 NdNG Nran£P - THUY S A N
b Bang I. Danh luc va t5n sd xu5t hien budm d cac smh canh ciia Trung tam Nong nghiep Miia Xuan
T T T a i o n Ten tbuoBg T l a s f i x n i l h i ^ :a So c i the
18. Junania HD&ner, 1819 19
20 21 22
Junonia almana (linnaens, 1758) Junonia atlites (Linitaeus, 1763) Junonia iphila (Cramer, 1779) Junonia lenoidas (Linnaeus, I75S)
Budm hoa duoi cong Budm boa xam o i n g Budm giap nau socdia Budm hoa nau
0,75 I 0,25
1 14 21 1 14 19. Moduza Moore, 1881
23 Moduza procris (Cramer, 1777) Budm T^u dd ddm trang 0,5 4
2D. Moduza Moore, 1881
24 Moduza papilio (Cramer, 1777) Budm nau dom trang 0.5 2
21. Mycalesis Hnbner, 1818 25
26 27
Mycalesis mineus (Linnaeus, 1758) Mycalesis perseoides (Moore, 1892) Mycalesis sp
Budm CO thudng Budm cd dom nang
0,25 0.5
2 2
22. Neptis Fabricias, 1807
28 Neptis hylas (Linnaeus, 1758) Budm luon bang tiang 1 44
23. Orsotriaena Wallengren, 1858
29 Orsolnaena medus (Fabncius, 1775) Budm mat ran xam 0.5 !3
24. Parantiea Moorc, 1880
30 Paranlica agleoides (C & R. Felder, 1860) Budm dom xam 0.75 19 25. Ypthima Hnbner, 1818
31 ipthima baldus (Fabricius, 1775) PAPILIONIDAE L A T R E I L L E , 1802
Budm mil: ran nhd 6 ddm BL'OM PHlTcyNG
OS 22
26, Graphium Sciqioli, 1777
32 Gri^haan agamenaiOH (Ltimaeus, 1758) Budm dudi cut ddm xanh 0 ^ 5 5 27. Pi^So Linnsciu, 1758
33 34
Papilio polytes T irmariii 1758 Papilio demaleus Lmnaeus, I75S
Budm pfaugng chanb Budm phuong ddm vang
0.75 0.5
to 4 PIERTOAE DUPONCHEL, 1835
28. Appias Hnbner, 1819
35 Appias libylliea (Fabricius, 1775) Budm bai au s?c 0-75 14
29. Catopsilia Hnbner, 1819
36 Oi/o/iii7ia ;)>TaniSe (Linnaeus, 1758) Budm phan di cu cham den 0.25 1 30. Delias Hubner, 1819
37 Delias hyparete (Linnaeus, 1758) Budm lam s i i thudng 0.5 2 31- Eurema Hubner, 1819
38 Eurema hecabe (Linnaeus, 1758) 39 Eun:ma sp. 1
40 Eurema sp. 2
Budm phan vang 2 cham Budm phin vang 2 cham Budm phan vang 2 cham
0.75 0.75 32. LeptBiia Hubnc . IS18
TAP CHf KHOA HOC. TRUdNG BAI HOC T R A VINH, Sd 25, T H A N G 3 NAM 2017 NONG NGHIEP-THUY SAN
Hinh 2: Ty le pbSn tram sd luong gidng (a) va loai (b) cac ho budm tai Trung tSm Ndng nghiep Mua Xuan
Can Tha, cdn de tai nay chi thuc hien d mdt dia diem la Trung tam Ndng nghiep Miia Xuan. Su khac biet nay do bd tri dia diem thu mau va thdi gian thu mau khac nhau.
Do thdi gian khao sat chi cd 3 thang (mua mua) nen so loai budm thu duoc it hem so vdi cac nghien ciiu khac. Sd lucmg loai budm cd the nhieu hon neu ducrc khao sat vao hai mua.
C. Bac diem phdn bo theo sinh cdnh cua budm d Trung tdm Nong nghiep Miia Xudn
Sinh canh ven dudng da dang cao nhat vg thanh phan loai va sd luong ca the vdi 35 loai va 168 ca the thu duoc chilm 85,37% sd lucmg loai va 40,48% sd lugng ca tbg (Bang 2). 6 smh canh nay cd 5 ho budm, bg Nymphalidae cd sd lugng ca the cao nhit (54,76%), hg Hesperiidae cd sd lugng ca the thap nhit chigm 1,79%. Loai Leptosia nina la loai uu the vdi 36 ca the thu dugc, chiem 21,4% hen t6ng ca the thu duoc.
Sinh canh ven dudng da dang nhSt ve s6 lugng budm do sinh canh nay mac dii la noi co sir luu thdng ciia phuong tien giao thdng nhung mat do khong cao vi it ngudi dan sinh song nen tac ddng den budm khong Idn. Chii ygu van la su da dang nhat cua tham thuc vat ciing nhu cay ky chu la nguon thiic an va noi cu trii cua budm, su da dang vc thuc vat ncri day da kco theo su da dang ve sd lugng budm.
Sinh canh rimg tram dung thii hai vc s6 lugng loai va sd lucmg ca the thu dugc vdi 32 loai (78,05%) va 137 ca the (33,01%) (Bang 2). 6 sinh canh nay, hg Nymphailidac co s6 lugng ca the cao nhit (75,91%), hp Hesperiidae co s6 lugng loai thap nhat vdi 1 ca the (0,73%). Loai
Danaus genutia dugc ghi nhan la loai uu the vdi 17 ca the (12,41%i). Sinh canh rimg tram dung - tbii 2 ve sd lugng budm vi sinh canh nay chii yeu la tram. Ben canh dd, vSn cd sir cd mat ciia cac loai cd, tham cay bui nhung su da dang khdng bang sinh canh ven dudng, do cd nhieu vimg ngap nude va ncri day chii yeu la noi sinh sdng cua chim, chinh hoat ddng ciia chiing da lam chet nhieu loai cay.
Bang 2. Sd lugng ca the, loai ciia budm theo sinh canh d Trung tSm Ndng nghiep Mua Xuan
Stt
I 2 3 4
z
Rimg t r i m Ven dudng Vudn mia Rugng Ilia
So l u ^ g loai So
32 35 20 9
%
78,05 85.37 48,78 21,95
So luvng c i t h i So lugng
lo^i 137 168 84 26
%
33,01 40,48 20,24 6,27
Sinh canh vudn mia vdi 20 loai (48,78 %) va 84 ca the (20,24%) tren tdng sd ca the thu dugc (Bang 2), diing tbii 3 vk phong phu loai trong 4 sinh canh khao sat. Hg Nymphailidac cd s6 luong loai cao nhat d sinh canh nay chifim 71 43% jgai Leptosia nina chiem uu the vdi sd lugng ca the thu dugc chiem 13,1%. Do sinh canh nay chii yen !a mia dugc trdng sat nhau nen ram rap, la cua mia day, ciing cap co rang cua nen d6 k c ben cao vi vay da sd budm khong th6 bay vao dugc chi cd the boat ddng d khu vuc ngoai bd mia. Ben canh dd, ngudi dan cdng su dung thudc Irir s&u de ticu diet cd va sau benh nen sd lugng
TAP CHi KHOA HOC TRUdNG DAI HOC TRA VINH, s d 25. T H A N G 3 NAM 2017 NdNG NGHIEP - T H O Y S A N
budm khdng cao.
Sinh canh rugng Itia cd'sd lugng loai va sd lugng ca the thu dugc thip nhat trong tat ca 4 sinh canh khao sat, vdi 26 ca the (6,27%) thugc 9 loai, chidm 21,95% tong sd loai ghi nhan dugc tai khu vuc nghien ciiu (Bang 2). O sinh canh nay khdng cd sir hien dien cua hg Papilionidae, loai uu the la Neptis hylas vdi 4 ca the (15,38%) va Leptosia nina vdi 7 ca the thu dugc (26,92%).
So lugng budm d sinh canh nay it la do sinh canh nay bi tac ddng manh me cua con ngudi ve ySu to CO hgc nhu phat hoang cay cdi quanh bd rugng lam mat tinh da dang cua be thuc vat. Ngoai ra, do su dung phan bdn, thudc tru sau da lam chit cac au trung ciia budm nen sinh canh nay it da dang ve tbanh pban loai.
IV. KET LUAN
ve thanh phan loai nghien ciiu ghi nhan dugc 41 loai budm, thudc 32 giong ciia 5 hg. Trong do, hp Nymphalidae cd sd lugng gidng va loai cung nhu so lugng ca the cao nhat vdi 267 ca the thugc 23 loai cua 17 giong. Hg Papilionidae cd so lugng gidng va loai thSp nhat (2 gidng, 3 loai) trong eac hg budm ghi nhan dugc. Loai Leptosia nina cd do phong phii cao nhat trong 41 loai thu dugc tai hien trudng, vdi lugng ca the thu dugc la 61 ca the.
Ve pban bd: sinh canh ven dudng cd tbanh phan loai cao nhat, ke din la sinh canh rung tram, sinh canh vudn mia, sinh canh rugng liia cd sd lugng loai va sd lugng ca the thap nh2t trong cae sinh canh khao sat Tat ca cac loai thu dugc deu thudc nhdm budm phd bien va phan bo rgng, khong cd loai nao thudc nhdm pban bd hep va quy hiem. Tuy nhien, cd 8 loai chi thu dugc 1 ca t b i
Budm cd vai tro dac biet quan trgng ddi vdi the gidi tu nhien va ddi sdng con ngudi nhu:
thy phan, tac nhan dieu khien suih hgc, la mdt mat xich trong chu6i thuc an cua gidi dgng vat;
mang lai gia tri du Hch sinh thai va lam dep canh quan. Vi vay, cac loai budm cSn dugc quan tam
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