P H A N T I C H CONG VIEC VOl XAC DINH VI TRI VIEC EAM T R O N G C A C D O N VI SV NGHIEP
CONG EAP
TS. Bui Thi Phu'O'ng Thao Trucrng Dgi hoc Lao dong-Xa hoi
r '. \
Tom tat
Nghj djnh sd 41/2012/NO-CP ngay 08/5/2012 ciia Chinh phu la CO sd xac djnh vj tri viec lam trong cae don vj sd nghiep cdng lap, theo dd vi tri viee lam la "edng viec hoac nhiem vu gan vdi ehdc danh nghe nghiep hpac chde vu quan ly tUdng dng; la can cd xac djnh sd Idpng ngddi lam viec, cd eau vien chde de thye hien viec tuyen dung, sddung va quan ly vien chde trong don vj sunghiep cdng lap". Bai bao nham lam rd hon nda npi dung eua phan tieh cdng viec, la ca sd eho xac djnh vj tri viec lam cd can cd khoa hpc trong cac dan vi sy nghiep edng lap.
TCtkhoa: Phdn ti'ch cdng viee, vi tri viee idm, dan vi sunghiep cong lap.
Abstract
The Government's Decree No. 41/2012/ND-CP dated 08/5/2012 is the basis for determining working positions in public administrative units. Accordingly, working position is "duties or tasks in association with a professional title or management position is the basis to identify the number of working people, personnel structure to implement the recruitment, use, and management of employees in public administrative units".
This article is aimed to clarify further content of job analysis to determine working position based on scientific foundation in the public administrative units.
Keyworks: Job analysis, working position, public administrative units.
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1. Vai tro cua vj tri viec lam -i- Viec tuyen dung theo vj tri viec lam se la ddng - Odi vdi don vi su nghiep edng lap: ''^^ * ° "9'^''' '^° *^*"9 '^"^ ^'?^ *°t l^^"- ^^'u ban than nodcJi lao dpng khdng td trau ddi, hoan thien de -I- Sd dyng dddc het kha nang nguon lde sin cd dap dng yeu cau vj tri viec lam, nghia la td minh da eua ddn vj. Tren cd sd xac djnh vi tri viec lam ddn vj ra dao thai minh va vj tri viec lam nay se phai de tuyen soat, sap xep lai dpi ngu, bp tri dung ngddi dung viec dung ngydi khac lam viee tPt hdn vao thay the.
phu hop vdi chde nang nhiem vu cua ddn vj, sd dung
cdhieu qua dpi ngu. +''^gddi lao dong biet ro ddpc vj tri, trach nhiem, qi-iyen han, quyen lai cua minh ddi vdi cong viec; vl -^ Co ehe tuyen dyng theo vj tri viec lam ddi hoi vay, ho se td chu han trong cong viec, nang cao y don vi khong chi quan tam den nguon lyc ciia don thdc doi vdi cdng viec, khong the dun day, thoai thac vi ma phai quan tam den c3 nguon Idc cua xa hpi. nhiem vu.
Oieu nay tao rasy eanh tranh lanh manh, tao ra ddoc ' ^
nguon Idc tot cho don vj do khong con co che tuyin ^ ' ' - ^ ' " ''° "^9* ^° " 9 ' dung cua phan tich dung sudt ddi. cong viec
-I-Xac dinh vj tri viec lam cd can cd khoa hpe se •^•'' ' " ' ' " ^^9P thong tin trong phan tich khdng xay ra tinh trang tuyen dung qua nhieu ngddi '^°"9 viec
vao mpt vj tri dan den tinh trang viec it nhdng lai Theo Nghi didh so 41/2012/NB-CP ngay nhieu ngudl lam hoae ngdpc lai. 08/5/2012 cua Chinh phu, cung vdi phan tich to chde,
+ La CO sd de don vj danh gia ket qua lam viec '^^"'^ ^'^ *'^'^ "'^"9 '^^' " 9 " ^'^" '^^'^'^ '^'^^ ^'^" ^i ^^
cua ngddi lao dpng mot each ehinh xac nha't tren "9hiep cong lap, phan tich cong viee dddc sd dung eo sd ban md ta cong viec, ban tieu chuan thdc hien ^^ '^^'' ^'•'^^ ^'- ^" ^'^'- '^"^^ '^"'- ^'"-^ "-"^ P*^^" ^"-^
cdng viec. ' cong viec la nham xac djnh ro npi dung eong viec, cac
„ , . . . , , , <3ieu kien de thdc hien cdng viec, trach nhiem, quyen - OOI vai ban than ngydi lao dpng: han khi thdc hien cong viec va cac yeu cau cu the dpi
[26] K H O A H O C D A Y N G H E So 36 thang 9/2016
vdi ngddi thdc hien cong viee do. Phan tich eong viec se la eo sd giup cho ddn vj xay ddng ke hoach nguon nhan lyc, tuyen dung, sddung, dao tao, boi dddng, de bat nhan sy...
Tren ca sd chde nang, nhiem vy, quyen han va cdng viec thuc te cda don vj de tien hanh phan tieh cdng viec. Ve nguyen tae doi vdi nhung eong viec da dddc chuan hoa thi khong phan tich. Do do, nen Ida chpn loai cong viec de phan tieh va phai dypc tien hanh dpng bp trong toan bp to chde.
De phan tich cong viee ehinh xac can thu thap dyoc eac loai thong tin sau day trong phan tich cong viec:
Thdng tin eo sSn td eae van ban hien hanh cd the tham khao: Van ban quy dinh ehdc nang, nhiem vu eua don vj va cac bo phan trde thupe; ban phan cdng nhiem vu cua cac phdng, ban; cac van ban quy djnh tieu chuan ehdc danh vien ehdc; cac van ban lien quan den danh gia thdc hien cdng viec cua cac phdng, ban; cac ban md ta cdng viec da cd hoac van ban tuong ty d don vj...
Thdng tin lien quan den edng viee: Ndi dung cong viec; nhiem vu cu the; mdc dp phdc tap; quy mp cong viec...
Thdng tin can thiet lien quan den dieu kien lam viee: Dieu kien hoat dpng eua td chde; dieu kien ve sinh, an toan lao dpng; mdc dp hien dai hoa cong sd, trang thiet bj, phddng tien lam viee va dng dung cdng nghe thdng tin phue vu cho cong viee; van hoa cong sd; che dp iddng, phuc loi, khen thudng, ky luat, thdi gid lam viec, nghi ngoi; su tieu hao nang Idpng trong qua trinh lam viee...
Thdng tin ve cac hoat dpng thyc te tai npi lam viec: Cae moi quan he trong thde hien edng viec; che do bao cao; each thdc thu thap, xd ly so lieu...
Thdng tin ve yeu cau doi vdi ngddi thdc hien cdng viec: Trinh dp hpc van; trinh dp chuyen mdn; kinh nghiem cdng tac; ky nang lam viee; tudi ddi...
Thdng tin ve tieu ehuan danh gia ke't qua thye hien cong viec: Thdi gian hoan thanh; ket qua dat dypc...
Cd nhieu phuang phap de thu thap ddae thdng tin de phan tich edng viee. Tuy tdng dieu kien eu the de lya ehpn phdong phap hap ly. Theo Ivancevieh (2010) cd4 phddng phap CO ban cd the ddpc sddung rieng le hoae ki;t hop de thu thap thdng tin trong phan tich eong viec do la quan sat; phong van; bang cau hoi dieu tra, nhat ky cong viec. PhUdng phap quan sat true tiep doi vdi nhdng cdng viee lao dpng chan tay, nhflng cong viec da ddae chuan hoa va nhflng
hoat dpng co chu trinh cong viec ngan han; phddng phap quan sat khong phu hpp khi ap dung doi vdi nhflng cong viec lien quan den cac hoat dpng tri 6c.
Phdong phap phdng van dddc tien hanh song song vdi phddng phap quan sat, nhan vien phan tich cong viec noi chuyen trde tiep vdi ngddi lao dpng, nhdm ca nhan hoac ngfldi co hieu biet rd ve edng viee. Phdong phap sfl dung bang cau hoi dieu tra la phfldng phap hieu qua de thu thap dflpc mot Iflpng thong tin Idn trong mot thdi gian ngan; bang cau hdi bao gom nhdng cau hdi cy the ve eong viec, cae yeu cau cong viec, dieu kien lam viec va trang thie't bi; bang cau hoi dang md cho phep ngfldi tra Idi cau hoi cd the md ta cong viee bang tfl ngfl cua hp. PhflOng phap sfl dung nhat ky cong viec doi hoi ngfldi lao dpng phai co sd nhat ky ben minh, neu so nhat ky dddc cap nhat se cung cap nhieu thong tin hflu ich ve cong viec; so nhat ky se hieu qua khi phan tieh nhflng cong viee kho quan sat, chang han cong viec cua cac nha ky sfl, nha quan ly cap cao.
2.2. Ban mo ta cong viec cua tCtng vi tri viec Idm, khung nang lUc va ban tieu chudn thi/chien cong viec
Tren cP sd phan tieh eong viec, don vj xac djnh vj triviee lam va tong hpp thanh danh muc vjtri viec lam eua dpn vj sfl nghiep. Theo Thong tfl so 14/2012/TT- BNVngay 18/12/2012 cua Bp Npi vu hfldng dan thfle hien Nghj djnh so 41/2012/ND-CP ngay 08/5/2012 eua Chinh phu quy dinh ve vj triviee lam trong don vi sfl nghiep cdng lap, danh myc vj tri viec lam cua ddn vj sd nghiep cpng lap bao gom 3 loai: Cac vj tri viec lam gan vdi cong viec lanh dao, quan ly, dieu hanh;
cac vi tri viec lam gSn vdi cdng viec hoat dpng nghe nghiep; cac vj tri viec lam gan vdi cong viec ho tro, phue vu.
Vj tri viee lam 6ugc chia thanh 3 loai: vj tri viec lam do mpt ngfldi dam nhan; vj tri viee lam do nhieu ngfldi dam nhan; vj tri viec lam kiem nhiem.
Tdong flng vdi moi vj tri viee lam can xay dflng ban mo ta cdng viec, khung nang Iflc va ban tieu chua'n thyc hien eong viee cua tdng vj tri viee lam.
Ban mo ta cong viec la mpt tai lieu liet ke nhflng thong tin ve nhiem vu, trach nhiem va dieu kien lam viee va cac van de lien quan den mot cong viec cu the trong don vj. Ban mo ta cong viec phai chfla ddng nhflng npi dung caban nhd:Ten cdng viec; Npi dung cpng viee; nhiem vu eu the; quyen han cua ngfldi thfle hien cong viec; dieu kien lam viec; moi quan he trong cdng viee, thdi gian can thiet de hoan thanh cong viec, ket qua can dat duoc ... Ban mo ta eong viec phai dam bao sap xep cac nhiem vu va trach nhiem thep dung trinh ty thfle hien trong thfle te, liet ke day du cac nhiem vu ehinh, the hien rd rang.
So 36 thang 9/2016 K H O A HOC D A Y N G H E [27]
Khung nang Iflc (hay con gpi la ban tieu chuan doi 3. Ke't luan
vdi ngfldi thfle hien eong viec) la ban trinh bay cac y . ^^^ ,^^33 f,o^_ phjn tich cdng viec phai ddpc dieu kien, tieu chuan toi thieu cd the chap nhan ddpc ^^-^ | j ^ g j ^Q^g ^ j ^ ^ 35^ |ap_ (-hj g j n vdi cong viec va ma mpt ngfldi can phai cd de dam nhiem va hoan g^ quy ajnh tieu chua'n cu the doi vdi ngddi thfle hien thanh mpt cdng viec nhat djnh nao dd (Le Thanh Ha, cdng viec dd. Sau khi phan tich cdng viec, mdi tien 2009). Khung nang lyc la nham cu the hoa cac tieu hanh danh gia thfle trang doi ngu de tim ra nhflng ehuan doi vdi ngfldi dfloe giao thyc hien edng viec, ngfldi cd du tieu chuan dap flng dflpc yeu cau cua vj gom nhflng npi dung nhd: Trinh dp hoc van, trinh dp tri viec lam de bd tri vao lam viec.
chuyen mon, hieu biet, kinh nghiem cdng tae, eac ky xac dinh vi tri viec lam tren ca sd phan tich cdng nang lam viec, cac td chat, the chat... Khung nang viec ed cSn cfl khoa hoc neu tren la CO sdquan trpng lyc chi nen bao gdm cac yeu cau ve ehuyen mon ed de dan vj tuyen dung, sfl dung vien ehflc, tim ra lien quan rd rang tdi viec thde hien edng viec d mde nhflng con ngfldi phu hop vdi cae vi tri viee lam cua cd the chap nhan dfloe, khong nen cd nhflng yeu cau dan vj, nham muc tieu ddn vj hoat ddng theo ehflc qua cao ma khdng can thiet, phu hap vdi cae quy nang.nhiemvu da dfldc giao vdi hieu qua cao nhat • djnh cua phap luat va eae cdng fldc, dieu fldc qude
te cd lien quan.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Chinh phu nfldc Cpng hda xa hoi chu nghia Ban tieu chuan thfle hien edng viec la mpt van ban
quy dinh cac ehi tieu hay tieu ehi ve SP lflong va chat ,,.. ,, „ „ „ . , , . < . , - , , „ , , . , „ , „ , , ' • . ,-v • ,u , L- - •- .»-•• A- -* • Viet Nam, 2012, Nghi dmh so 41/2012/NO-CP ngay Idpng cua ket qua thyc hien congviec doi vdi mptv, gg^^^^Ol 2 eua Chinh "phu quy dinh vi tri viec lam tn nhat dmh trong to chde. Cac tieu chuan thdc hien trong don vi sunghiep cdng lap. ' ' cdng viee la mflc dp thfle hien eong viec ma ngfldi lao
ddng ed kha nang va dfloe dao tao day du cd the dat 2. Bp Npi vy, (2012), Thdng tfl sd 14/2012/TT-BNV dfldc khi thfle hien vi tri cdng viec do (Le Thanh Ha, ^isay 18/12/2012 cua Bd Ndi vu hfldng dan thdc hien 2009). Ndi dung eua ban tieu ehuan thfle hien cdng '^^E^^^"?^ '° 41/2012/NB-CP_ ngay 08/5/2012 cua ,,iA,k,„ - „ • »•- u-»,„ V .!.• • I,- Chinh phu quy dmh ve VI tn Viec am tronq dan vi Sd viecbaogomcac tieu chl tflpng flng VOI cac nhiem vu ... '^ . ^ ,'. • • =
, , , „ . . . , , , .. . . . , • nghiep eong lap.
chmh. Yeu cau eua ban tieu chuan thfle hien eong viec
can eu the, ngan gpn, don gian, de hieu, CP gang djnh 3. Le Thanh Ha, (2009), Giao trinh Quan trj ngudn Iflpng d mde toi da cd the, ed phflong phap cu the de nhan lyc tap I, Nha xuat ban Lao ddng - Xa hpi. Ha Ndi.
lupng hoa eac chi deu, tieu chi danh gia, dam bao tinh 4. ivancevieh J. M., (2010), Human resource do Iddng dflpc eua mdi ehi tieu, tieu chi. management McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, London.
Ngaynhanbai: 17/6/2016 Ngay phan bien: 20/9/2016 Ngay dang: Thang 9/2016