Phan t i c h t y dong chuyen vj ngang tip s o lieu quan trac hien t r u ' d n g nham canh bao so'm hien tu'ang sat Id*
ven s o n g
Automatic analysis lateral displacement using field inclinometer data to alarm sliding along riverbank
Ngay nhan bai: 8/10/2014 Ngay sCra bai: 25/12/2014 Ngaycfiap nhan dang: 15/2/2015
T O M T A T :
Quan trac v i canh bao sat Id sdm khong nhiing han che ton that ve tai san ma cdn bao ve tinh mang cua nhan dan. Tuy nhien, cac cong cu nen tang phiic vu quan trac va canh bao s6m sat let v l n c6n han che cho thi trU6ng trong nUdc. Muc dich cua bid bao la x3y diing mgt phan mem phan tich tU dong chuyen vi ngang tii so lieu quan trac hien trU6ng nham canh bao sdm hien tUOng s^ Id ven s6ng. Nghien cdu dilUc thUc hien bang each thu thap cac sd li?u quan trac chuyen vi ngang tai hien trUdng va dila vao phan mim xH ly ttJ dpng. Phan mem AFID version 1.0 dUdc phat trien cho ph^p phan tich thanh cong sd lieu quan trac chuyen vi ngang tii thiet bi Geokon 6000-lM. Phan mem nay la ket q u i bildc dau cho viec thiet lip he thong tU dong canh bao sat Id sdm tif xa vatu dpng.
Ttt khoa: Sat Id, h? thong canh bao sdm, quan trac hien trUdng, chnyen vi ngang, thiet bi do chuyen vi ngang.
ABSTRACT
Field monitoring and early warning not only mitigate losses but save lives. However, instruments and softwares analyzing field monitoring data (AFID) are still Umit in Vietnam. This paper develops an automatic analysis for field inclinometer data to alarm shding of structres along riverbanks. The AFID software analyzes inclinometer data automatically The AFID version 1.0
Cda analyze successfiilly field monitoring data obtained by aGeokon 600IM inclinometer. The AFID software is a primary achievement to develop an automatic early warning system.
Ifcywords: SUding, early w a r n i i ^ system, monitoring, lateral displacement, inclinometer.
L:yTh} Minh Hien
HQC vien cao hpc, Khoa KTXD, TrUdng Dai Hoc Bach Khoa TP. HCM,
Email: [email protected] TS Tran NguySn Hoang Hiing
Giang vi^n, Khoa KTXD, TrUdng Dai Hoc Bach Khoa TP.
HCM,
Emaii: [email protected] (*)
LyThj Minh Hien, Tran Nguyen Hoang Hung
l.GlOlTHlEU
Sat Id la hlf n tuong mat on dinh va chuydn dich cua khoi 6it da tu nhien cOa b6 song hay bU bien do tac dong cua cac yeu to chan dong dia chat, mualcin, dong chciy, song, bien doi mUcnUdc, vacac tac ddng khac [1], Do nam trong khu vUc co nen dia chSt kha yeu chCi yeu la trSm tich phil sa boi lang ket hop vdi he thong kenh rach chang chit an sau vao dat li^n [2,3,4], thanh pho Ho Chi Minh (HCM) doi dien vdi hien tUong sat Id trong nhieu nam qua. Khdng chi gay thiet hai dang ke ve tai s^n, sat Id con de doa trUc tiep den tinh mang cUa nhan dan va gay tac dong tieu cUc vao tinh hinh kinh te - xa hoi cUa thanh phd. Tuy da c6 nhieu bien phap duoc thUc hi@n nhUng cac gi^i phip nay hoac mang tinh ddi phd khi sU cd da xiy ra hoac kinh phi d^u tu rit cao Do vay, cich giai quyet nay khdng the khSc phuc tnit 6i can nguyen ci!ia van 6i cung nhUchUa nSng cao muc dfch chO ddng phong trinh SEit Id Thay vi tip trung khSc phuc h|u qua sau sat Id, viec cinh bio sdm ve nguy coxiy ra sU cd nhim giup ngudi dan du thdi gian phdng trinh se mang lai hieu qui thiet thuc hem. Vdi muc dich tr^n, vifc xiy dung mdt h | thdng canh bio sdm la rat cin thiet. He thdng canh bio sctm nay cdn la cdng cu quan trong trong viec quan ly cac nguy CO xu^t hien su c6 bao gdm- xic dinh, dinh gia mile do nguy hiem, luu trU, cung cap cac thdng tin vh ca sd dit lieu lien quan den nhCng nguy cO sat id [5].
Viec nghien cUu chdng sat Id d hien trUdng can lap dat cic thiet b] quan trac nhim thu thap cac dU lieu thUc te nhu thiet bi quan trac chuyen vi ngang (inclinometer), he thdng gieng quan uSc mUc nUdc nglm, thiet bj do ip lUc nUdc Id rdng, do do am, ham lUong mua, chuyen VI be mat, v.v. Trong dd, inclinometer l i thiet bi chuyen dung de quan trSc chuyen vi ngang cCia ca khdi dat theo chieu sau.Thdng thudng. cic phan mem phan tich sd lifu se duoc bin kem theo thiet bi. Tuy nhi^n, phan mem phan tich sd lieu chuyen vi ngang iai 6uac ban tich n^ng va cd gii khoing 2.500 USD. Vi vay, viec thiet ke phan mem nay se giup tU chu v^ mat cdng nghe vi tiet kiem chi phf. Ngoai ra, phan mem giup chu ddng phat trien phu hop vdi thuc te tai HCM ndi neng va Viet Nam ndi chung, dac biet la khi ket hop Ung dung trong he thdng cinh bao sat 16 tUxatUddng.
2. Hg TH6NG QUAN TRAC CHUYDN V! NGANG 2.1. Thiet bi inclinometer
inclinometer l i thiet bj chuyen dung de quan trac cic thdng sd chuyen vi ngang, do nghieng, va bien dang cua khdi dat theo chieu sau [6,7,8]. Thiet bi do dac chuyen vi theo hai mat phang vudng gdc nhau cho phep xac ^nh dd ldn va hudng chuyen vi cua khdi dat.Thong thudng, thi^t bl duqc lip dat theo chieu sau de do chuyen vi ngang, nhung trong mdt sd trudng hop cung cd the lap theo chieu ngang de do 6p lOn cOa nin. Mdt sd linh vUc Ung dyng thiet bi inclinometer nhU: quan tr3c sat Id, hd dao, on djnh mil dfic, bien dang cau true nen dat on dinh nen dip, v.v.
Hien nay, co hai Ioal thiet bi inclinometer dUoc diing pho biln: loai
thu thap sd lieu thO cdng va loai tudong (H'inh 1). Loai thu cdng la loai cd
ITinh I.Thiet bi indiiiDmeter (Geokon). (a) Loai do thu cong; (b) loai do tu dong b d p h i n cam bl^n dUdc ngUc^ dung di chuyen
doc theo dng vach do chuyen vi ngang b i n g vat lieu nhUa tdng hop d i e biet ABS (ABS casing).
Sd lieu se duoc ghi n h i n t h u cdng theo tUng vj tri tai t h ^ di^m do. Loai tU ddng thi cd nhieu c i m bien dUOc ndi lien tiep c i c h deu nhau va l i p dated ^ n h trong ABS casing de ghi nhan dCr Ii6u mdt each lien tuc tai hien trudng.
Thiet bl do chuyen vj ngang inclinometer gdm c i c bd p h i n chinh nhU: dau d d cam bien MEMS (inclinometer probe), ong v i c h ABS (casing), c i p kit ndi va thiet bi doc dU lieu (reaout device). Hien nay, tren thi trudng cd nhieu n h i san xuat cung nhU nhieu loai thiet bj inclinometer nhU Slope indicator, Geokon, RST instruments, v.v. Hinh 2 gidi thi&u bo thiet bj inclinometer model 6000-1M v^ thiet bi doc model GK-604 cua nha s i n xuat Geokon [9,101.
^ • * ~ C^banh
A — Clftbanh
A
Hinh 3. Minh hoa may Hinli4.Cu6ncapketn<
tham db dm bien (Slope
Hinh2.ThietbtmclinometerciJa nha san xuat Geoiton (USA) Cau tao dau d d c i m bien MEMS g o m hai ciim bien trong luong dUdc lap ben trong ong th^p khdng gl. Bd phan tham do ciing dUOC gan hai c i p banh xe de dinh hUdng chinh xac tai bat ky do s i u nao ben trong dng casing. K h o i n g c i c h glifa hai c i p b i n h xe la 0,5 m, day cung la khoang each cda hai c i m bien ben trong may (Hlnh 3). Cap kit ndi lien ket giUa bo phan tham dd v i thiet bl doc d i i lieu, duqc thiet ke d i e biet de dam bao d d dn d m h trong qua trinh quan trSe vdi vat lieu bin chac, chdng t h i m nudc, khdng bi co gian, va chju dUoc moment xoan ldn (Hinh 4).
Tren t h i n d i y c6 eac nut d i n h dau t i i n g do^n 0,5 m v i dUoe g i n vao bd p h i n cd ^ n h c i p phfa tren dng casing. C i p ket noi ed 2 ehUc n i n g : truyen tin hieu d i f n tCr t h u dUoe tU q u i trinh quan t r i e v i x i c dinh ehlnh x i c do s i u ma bo phan cam b i l n c i n lay d i i lieu.Be hd t r o viec neo giU cap tai t i m g d d s i u , co thiet bi ed ^ n h c i p se duqc gSn d dau dng casing, v i ho t r a khi c i n k f e hoac ha m i y tham dd, tranh trUdng
hqp may t h i m dd bj roi tU do ben trong dng h o i c e i p bl udn cong, xoan, va gay sai sd luc do dae (Hinh S). Bo phan doe d i i lieu khdng day:
ghi lai nhiing dU lieu do dac duoc tai tifng d d s i u djnh trude. Thdng tin truyen tif may t h i m d d v l thiet bl thdng qua sdng bluetooth tren cuon cap. DU lieu se dUOc lUu lal trong bd n h d eua thiet bi va duoc chuyen ve m i y t i n h bang bluetooth hoac cap USB (Hinh 6).
6 n g casing ABS cd nhieu loai dUdng kinh v i khdp ndi khac nhau, tuy vao loai dja c h i t 66 s i u can quan trac va do chuyen vi dU kien ma ta lua chon loai dng thfch hqp. Nhiing kfch cd d u d n g kinh dng t h u d n g d u n g ph6 bl^n hien nay l i . 48 m m , 70 m m . 85 m m . d n g casing c6 hai kieu khdp ndi: t h d n g thudng va ldng v i o nhau (Hinh 7).
Hinh 6.Thletbi doc dfl iSu
(b) loai long vao nhau
Kinh 7. Cac hieu khdp noi ciia ong asing (Slope Indicator) Ben trong d n g casing cd bdn ranh chay doc dng each deu 90°, d u n g de djnh hUdng cho thiet bj tham d d di chuyen ben trong. 6ng casing dUOc lap dat trong nen d a t thudng la trong lo khoan, sau d d t r i m 16 khoan lai b i n g dat eat, hon hop xi mang hoae bentonite.
2.2. Cdch thdc hogt dpng cda tbi& bj Klin nay, doi vdi t h i l t bj inclinometer, cd 2 Ioal c i m bien duqc sCf dung pho bien: loai t u ddng va loai d i i n g edng nghe Micro-Electro- Mechanical-Sensors (MEMS). C i m bien t u d d n g la loai thiet bi t h i m do ed d p ehinh xae eao nhat hien nay Nhiing p h i n tU c i m bien c i n b i n g lUc se d d t i m sU thay doi do nghieng cua may d d (so vol p h u o n g dOtig tuyet ddi) v i tnjyen tin hieu den thiet bj xuat. Mdi thiet bj tham dd cd 2 c i m bien t u ddng theo 2 Iruc va khdp vdl vj t r i ciia 2 cap banh xe dinh hUdng. C i m bien d i i n g cdng nghe MEMS c6 Uu diem l i mUc ti^u hao n i n g lUpng thap, ben, cd the truyen dCrlieu qua cdng n g h f khdng day va chi phi thSp. Tuy nhien, cdng n g h f n i y cung cd nhCfng nhuqc diem nhU: nhay c i m vdi su thay d d i n h l l t dd, d d chfnh x i c khi quan t r i e g i ^ m . Viec quan trie se duoc thuc hien theo h u d n g AO cda tnjc A tnidc tien (Hinh 7). Hudng AO ia h u d n g cd banh xe ben tren quay ve phfa d u k . e n sat Id. True B vudng gdc vdi true A
23. N g u y i n ly xiif l y so l i e i - „ j ^ ^ j S6 lieu hien thj tr^n thiet oi rong liic
122™™1^VB11 4.2015
Thdng t h u d n g , chuyen vi cOa khoi dat duoc d u kien ed hUdng vudng gde vdi b d va t r i i n g vdi true A cda casing.Tuy nhien, t r i n thUe t l , ehuyen vi cd the x i y ra theo hudng b i t ky chU khdng c h i c ehan se chinh x i c t h e o hudng d u kien ban dau. Khi dd, hudng va gia tri ehuyen vi thife sU ciia khdi dat se duoe t i n h toan lal bang c i c h i p d u n g quy t i e cdng vector glUa truc A vi truc B [6,7].
Always start surveys with upper wheel in AO gro fiinh 7. Huflng quan trac cua Ihiel bi mdmomeler {Slope Indicator)
Lx
AngteDlw
inet)/
7 / / / " " • '
=- ///
J
-^J^l // 1
Hinh 8 Tien hanh quan trac chuyen v\ ngang bang thiet bi ndinometer
quan trie hoac trong file di! lieu xuat ra sau 3o chi l i sd doc dien tCl khong phai la do nghieng hay chuyen vi cua nen dat, Gia tri do lech dUoc xic dinh bang each lay gia t n trung binh ciia sfi floe theo 2 hudng AO va A180 rdi nhan vdi khoang do va chia cho hang so thiet bi n h u 8ieu thilc d i v a Hinh 9,
_, , R ^ - R ™ ,
t J n - l - x ; - = L > s i n O (1) 2xK
Trong do. L ia khoang do giUa 2 cam bien, KIS hing sd eua thiet bi (do nha san xuat cung c3p), va R la so doc theo 2 huong ciJa thiet bi tai ciing VI tri dd sau quan trac n, 0 la gdc nghieng cua thiet bi ngay tai dd sau quan trac tUong Ung M i v d i thiet bMnclinometerGK-604DsUdung he dcm V| Si (diJng don vi met), gia tri L = 0,5 m va K
= 20.000.
TLfbieuthUc(21 cdthe tinh duoc gdc nghieng 9taitUng do sau tuong Ung.
Chuyen vi tai tUng dd sau duoc xac dmh bing c i c h lay gia i n trung binh eiia lan do hien tai trU cho gia t n ttung binh ciia lan do dau tien, foi nhan vdi khoang do va ehia eho hang sd thiet binhuBieuthUc(3)
Hinh 9 Mmh hoa each ghi nhan so tfoc ciia thiet bi inclinometer (Slope Indicator)
3. PHAN TICH CHUYDN VI NGANG TU O O N G 3.1. Gidi thudt xu* / / dO lieu quan trdc td dpng
Viec p h i n tich tU ddng hoa se dUoe thUe hi&n t h d n g qua p h i n mem AFID version 1.0 (Automatic Analysis of Field Inclinometer Data).
G l i l thuat b i t dau hoat d o n g bang viec n h i p c i c t h d n g tin cO s6 ve vl tri quan t r i e va c i c tham so dau vao. Q u i trinh phan hch se t i e p n h i n sd lieu quan t r i e tU thiet bj d o chuyen vi ngang thdng qua cae t i p t i n cd dinh dang ' . g k n . Sau dd, phan mem t u dgng tinh t o i n c i c gia Ui Tdng, Trung binh, Chuyen vj, D d nghieng t r i n tifng k h o i n g d o h o i c tich luy v i ve bleu d o dUa tren c i c ket q u i tinh duqc. Theo hinh anh m d phdng d d nghieng va chuyen vi. ngUdI d i m g se kiem tra lai dU lieu d i u vao cd t o n tai sai sd hay khdng, n l u cd thi xae djnh sai sd thude loai neio v i hieu ehfnh. Bude cuoi eiing eua phan mem l i xuat bao eao ket qua quan trac chuyen vi ngang t h i n h tap tin dudi djnh d^ng *.doc h o | c * pdf. P h i n mem duqc x i y dung vdi quy trinh x i l ly dU l i f u n h u Hinh 10.
3.2, Cdc thdng so cua phan mem 3.2.1 Thong so ddu vdo
Thdng s6 dau vao cua phan mem bao g o m cac thdng tin ca sd ve dU an, vi trf quan t r i e va thiet bl v.v. (Hinh 11). Sau do, c i c so lieu t h d se duoc dua vao co sd dU lieu ciia phan mem thdng qua c i c t i p tin " g k n lay t u t h i l t bl dqc {Hinh 12).
Mdi bd s6 l i f u t u o n g Ung vdi m d t n g i y quan t r i e Trong do, bo sd li^u dau tien dua v i o duoc mac djnh xem la cO s6 de tham c h i l u .
4.2 2 Kit qud phan tich
Sau khi cae thdng so can thiet d i u duoc nhap day du, phan mem se tU dong thuc thi cac budc tinh toan de xac djnh duqc gia tri can thiet va ve bieu do tUong Ung (Hinh 13).
3.3. Phdt trien phdn mem AFID 3.3.1. Gidl thieu phan mem
Phan mem phan tieh tU d o n g hda so lieu
( S
^
L U U D O X O ' L Y D O ' U I U
Hinh 10. Giji thuat phan tich tudong so lieu quan trie chuyen vi ngang hien trucmg
4.2015 BSWEnOl i 2 3
Hmh 13. Kel qua tmh loan ve bieu io cua AFID ver 1.0
ehuyen v[ ngang diing thiet bj do chuyen vj ngang trong quan trSc chdng sat Id duqc p h i t trien bSng Visual Studio cua Microsoft. D i y la phan mem ehuyen dung de soan t h i o m i , chinh sira loi, va thiet k l Ung dung nham phat t r i l n chuong trinh m i y tfnh [11]. Visual Studio khong ehf giiip giam thieu thcii gian khae phuc Idl ma edn hd t r o nang cao ehat luqng ehUcmg trinh va eung cap dO lieu c i i tien phan m e m cho eac nha phat trien. Visual Studio sU dung nhieu ngdn ngU l i p trinh k h i c nhau: C, C-M-, C # , F8, v.v. Giao dien eua phan mem Microsoft Visual Studio k h i t h i n thi^n v i de thao t i c
3.3 J. AFID version 1.0
Bd cue ma nguon (code) la mot t i p h q p gdm cac chucmg trinh con (cic procedures) t h u e t h i eae ma lenh. Ngoai ra, p h i n m i m Visual Studio ed thU vien m i ngudn md, gidp ho t r q ngUcri lap trinh khi can t i m ccxle cda c i c lenh lien quan. Phan mem Visual Studio ho t r q ngucri l i p trinh x i y dtmg va ehinh sUa giao di^n do hoa cho AFID thdng qua t i n h nang keo tha an ddl tucmg (drag). Moi ddl t u q n g tren giao dien se duoc g i n c i c m i lenh truy van phii hcrp vdi tinh n i n g eiia ddi tUqng d d
Giao dien tuong t i c cua AFID bao g d m
(b)l@9iitheoExEel
Hinh M. So sinh ket (|ui giOa AFID ver 1.0 ri ted c i c nut 6i n h | p s6 l i f u quan tt^c (Data Input, Add) va cac fi t r d n g de diin t h o n g t i n lien c|uan (SITE Indrnometer, Borehole). Chon Process di tinh toan sau khi h o i n tit viec nhiip d i i lieu, vi chgn Draw Oi tiin h i n h ve bie\j afi ( n i n h 13).
Mfii tabpage cUa niJta giao c -gn t i d i tUong ting v a v i f c nhap b 6 dCi ^a m o t n g i y q u a n t r & i R i f t n g mfii tabpage . . g j a o d i f n bdn p h i l Iai cd t i f n g tfnh n i n e hdng tin
1241
chung, bieu 66, hiiu chinh sal sd, v.v 3.3.3. Odnh gid do ehlnh xdc cua AFID version 10
Kit qua cudi eung ciia phan mem AFID ver 1.0 h o i n t o i n khdp vdi ket q u i tinh toan t h u cdng b i n g phan mem Microsoft Excel. Do dd, phan m i m d i m b i o dUOc tfnh d i i n g d i n va chinh x i c v l t h u i t toan {Hinh 14). So vdi phan mem thdng dung t h u d n g d i m g de t i n h t o i n la Excel, AFID cd nhieu Uu diem vUcrt trdi ve t i n h nang t u d o n g hda cung n h u k h i nang p h i t t n ^ n md rdng trong tUdng lai.
4. Kti LUAN VA H U ( 3 N G P H A T T R I ^ N Nghidn cOU n i y d i thiet k l v i x i y d u n g th^nh edng phan mem t u d o n g hda phan tfch iP lieu chuyen vj ngang d dang t h d duoe thu th^p bSng t h i l t bj inclinometer do true tiep tai hien trUdng. P h i n mem tuan t h u d u n g g i i i thu|t xis ly da de xuat v i duoc d i m b i o ve d o chfnh xic cda ket qua p h i n tfch.Tuy nhien, han ehecija p h i n m i m l i chua t h e tfch hop dUdc sd lifu tif thiet bl inclinometer cua nhieu n h i san xult khic nhau ma chf mdl n h i n duqc dU lieu tip tin tU t h i l t b{ cda h i n g Geokon.
Phan m i m p h i n tich t u d ^ n g hda sd l i f u chuyen vi ngang dUdc xay dUng phii hqp vdi nhu eiu n g h i i n cdu va Ung d u n g tai Viet Nam.
Ngoai ra, phan m e m cdn mang lai hieu q u i kinh tf khdng nhd cho x i hdi, vUa l i edng cu phue vv cdng t i c g i i n g day, vifa tao ra co hoi chuyen giao cdng nghe eho cae dOn vi cd nhu c^u vdi g i i ^ n h p h u h q p .
Phin m i m tU ddng hda n i y van cdn k h i ning c i i t i l n v l n h i l u phuong dien, dac biet la khi k i t hop Ung dung trong h f t h d n g canh bao i?t IfttU ddng t u xa. Vdi h f t h d n g n i y , neu ket qui p h i n tfeh cudi ci!ing vUOt q u i gidi han an toin theo quy dinh, h f t h d n g se tU ddng dua ra tin hlf u c i n h bao ve nguy co xuat hien sat Id ttrtrung t i m xU ly den thSng h i f n trUdng eiing nhif cic dOn vi lien quan. N h d dd, chfnh quyen va ngudi d i n tai n h i i n g khu vUC nguy h i i m se nSm duqc thfing tin mot c i c h nhanh nhat v i ed DO thdi gian Ung phd, han che d i n mUe t o i t h i l u dc ton th^t c d t h e x i y ra.
LOl C A M O N
D l tai n g h i i n cUu n i y dUOc thUc h i l n tU ngudn kinh phf nghien eUu eUa de tai cap tn/dng do trUdng Oal hqc Bich Khoa - DHQG TRHCM (DHBK), m i sd T-KTXD-2014-57. Cac tic g i i xin e h i n t h i n h c i m on trUdng DHBK va nhdm n g h i i n cdu HCMUT CRI 1301-1401 d i Ring c l p c i c sd l l f u quan t r i e chuyen vi ngang hl$n trUOng d d n g t h d i l i to chUe d i u tien Ung
«Krr»g t h i n h q u i nghifen eUu ciia de t i i n i y .
an To chiic nghien ciiu tim giai phap khac phuc sat Id bd song ti#n dia ban huyen Hba Be' Bo Kong nghiep va Phat tnen nong thon, 2005,146 trang
[31 Nguyen Van Thanh, Huynh Hgoc Sanq, va Thiem Qu5c Tuan, "Dac diem cd ket ciia set Holocene va Pleistocene ci khu vuc thanh pho Ho Chi Minh sti dung lam nen tho cac cdng trinh xay difng, lam moi t m f m g xay duiig". Tap chi PHAT T R I ^ N KH&CN, l a p 8 , n a m 2 0 0 5 , 8 t i a n g .
[4] Thiem Quoc Tuan, Huynh Ngoc Sang, va flau Van Ngo, 'Hien Irang t n i o t Id bd sdng Sal Gdn - Phuong huong ngan ngifa khac phuc". Tap chf P H A T T R I ^ N KH&CN.Tap 1 1 , pp. 23-32, nam 2008
[5] Nguyen Ngoc Du va Iran Nguyen Hoang Hi^ng, 'Nghien Cliu chdng sat I d cdng trinh ven song d A n Giang bSng quan trac hiSn tiudng", Tap chi cau dUimg. so thang 7/2013, treng 86-89, 201J
[6] Slope Indicator Company, "Guide to Geotechnical Instnimentation' USA, 2004,52 pp.
[7] RST Instruments Ltd., "RST MEMS Digital Inclinometer System Instruction Manual', Canada, 2010,54 pp.
[8] Geokon Incoiporeted, 'Geoledinical Instmmentation' USA, 2013,28 pp.
[9] Geokon Incorporated. "Instruction Manual - Model 6000 I n d i n o m e t n Probe' USA, 2014,16 pp.
n O ] Geokon incorporated,"GK-604 Inclinometer R e a d o u t - User's Manual', USA, 2012,13 pp.
n i 1 T r a n g t ) i d n g h * n h 6 t r o c d a M i c r o s o f t Intemet h t t p : / / 5upport.miCTOSoft.com/, n g i y 10/12/2014.
T i b U t U T H A M K H A O
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