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^{ghiin aiu - Trao doi 61 - Khoa hoc Chfnh trj
• f - ^ n - - . f i
NGUYEN NHAN PHAT TRIEN DAO TIN LANH TRONG DONG BAG DAN TOC HMONG 5 MIEN NUI
PHIA BAG NllCiC TA Til NAM 1986 DEN NAY
N quy I N KhAC Dire**'
• ^ C c i c t i n h mien ndi phia Tay Bac I I nude ta, td nhflng n a m 1986-1987
^ ^ ^ dao Tin l a n h da b i t dau p h a t trien. Td ehd chi cd vai hg ngUdi Hmdng theo dao, den n d m 2005 d khu vUc nay da cd 101.889 ngUdi theo dao Tin lanh'".
Ldc d i u tdn giao nay p h i t t r i e n chu yeu trong dan tgc Hmdng, nhUng den nay da phat trien vao mot sd d a n tgc k h a e nhU Dao, T h i i , Mudng, P i Then, Ha Nhi, La Hu. Tuy n h i e n sd lugng ngUdi theo dao chu yeu l i d a n tgc Hmdng, Dao.
Su p h i t t r i e n cda dao Tin l a n h da phan nao d i p dng dugc nhu cau t a m linh cua ngUdi d a n d khu vUc mien ndi phia B i c , song cdng gay n e n k h d n g it
'•'ThS. KHXH&NV Vien Nghien cijTu Ton giao va Tin ngU5ng - Hoc vien CT-HCQG Ho Chi Minh
'" Ban Ton giao Chinh phu, Dgo Tin lanh d Viet Nam (Luu hanh noi bo), Nxb. Ton giao, H^ Noi, 2006, tr.144-146 u-i-
bien ddi, a n h hUdng den mgi m a t cua ddi sdng xa hgi vdng ddng bao dan tgc Hmdng. De b a n che bdt nhflng i n h hudng khdng cd lgi td tdn giao nay, c i n tim hieu rd nhflng nguyen n h a n d i n den sU p h a t t r i e n cda nd. Theo chdng tdi, cd the xuat p h a t td mgt sd nguyen nhdn cat bdn sau:
1. Tvf h o a t d g n g t r u y e n d a o Day chinh la nguyen n h a n ca b i n d i n den sU p h i t trien n h a n h chdng dao tin l a n h d vdng ddng bao dan tgc d nUdc ta. Hoat ddng truyen giio p h a t t r i e n tin dd la viec l i m binh thudng cua mgi tdn giio. NhUng boat dgng truyen dao Tin l a n h vao dan tgc Hmdng d c i c t i n h mien ndi phia B i c nUdc ta thdi gian qua cd nhflng dac diem r a t d i n g lUu y. Hoat dgng dd dugc tien h a n h dUdi nhieu h i n h thde, td hinh thde dan gian den nhUng hinh thUc tinh vi n h a t , t h a m chi la cd lap, o ep theo dao. Phuang cham truyen dao la mUa d i m t h a m lau (ra rich tuyen
62 - Khoa hoc Chfnh trj 9\(ghien aiu - Trao doi
truyen dai dang), vet ddu loang (td mdt ngUdi, mot hg, mot ban... n h i n ra nhieu ngUdi, nhieu hd, nhieu ban). ThUe te cho thay nd da dUge thUe hien ri't "quyet liet", "khdn kheo", lam cho dao Tin lanh p h i t trien nhanh chdng d khu vUc nay.
Su p h i t trien cua dao tin lanh d vdng d i n tdc bat dau td nhflng nhflng hoat dgng truyen giio gian tiep td ben ngoii (Philippines, Hdng Kong, Thailand, Lao, Trung Qude) qua cic phuang tien nhu d i i p h i t thanh, bdng cassette, kinh thanh. Sau dd mdi duge hd trg tfl cic td chdc tdn giao trong nUdc.
Truyen dao qua d i i p h i t thanh:
Dai FEBC (Far East Broadcasting Company) phat td Manila (Philippines), phat thanh bang tieng Hmdng v i nhieu ngdn ngd k h i c de truyen giang dao Tin lanh. Dai nay phat chuong trinh tieng Hmdng, tieng Dao hang ngay vao cac budi 6 gid 30 phut va 18 gid 30 phut.
Ve hinh thde, dai nay dugc phat vdi tan sd, cUdng do cao, am thanh chuan, phu sdng rgng nen de bat, de nghe. Ngi dung, chuang trinh cua dai bao quat nhieu linh vUc ve ddi sdng thudng nhat cua ngudi Hmong, trong dd dac biet chu y den chuong trinh truyen dao. Luc dau chUcfng trinh cua dai chi phat nhiing bai h a t tieng Hmong, dan dan hUdng dan va giang giai mot so nghi le, giao ly, day thanh ca da dugc dan ca hoa lam cho ngudi nghe de hieu, de nhd va trd nen quen nghe dai. Dai FEBC noi ve qua khuT, ve lich suf bi trang cua dan tgc, noi khd hien tai cua ngifdi Hmong, ve Vang Trur va chua Giesu, tCf do lam cho ngUdi Hmong hi vong Vang Tni, Giesu la dang
"•^ O cac tinh Tay Bac, co nhuDng tru£mg hgp ngu&i theo dao Tin lanh da ttog la can bo dang vien, trUiSng, pho ban. ,, „...
cdu the cd the gidp hg thoat khdi khd dau... Dieu dd da "dinh trung" vao tam ly cua dan tgc Hmdng nen dugc ngUdi d i n yeu thich. Ket qui l i cd mot phan Idn ngUdi Hmdng da biet den dao Ving Trd, Tin lanh qua nghe d i i phat thanh.
Phat trien dao vao chu n h i , trUdng b i n , nhflng ngUdi cd uy tin, tham chi vio ca mot sd c i n bg d ca sd, c i n bd da nghi huu gap khd khan ve kinh te hoac dang cd nhflng bieu hien tieu cUc bat man'". Day la phuang thde truyen dao k h i khdn kheo va da dugc nghien cdu ky ludng, ty mi. Bdi vi, neu van dgng duge gia ling, trUdng ddng hg theo dao thi se dd dang l i m cho nhflng t h i n h vien khae cua ddng hg hoac ban lang i'y theo dao.
Hgi thanh Tin lanh Viet Nam (mien Bac) la mot dau md'i quan trgng hd trg truyen dao Tin lanh d cac tinh mien nui phia Bac, the hien trong viec ddn tiep, bdi dudng giao ly, hd trg tien di lai, cung cd niem tin cho nhflng ngUdi truyen dao Hmdng, hUdng dan viet dan xin theo dao, cung cap tai lieu truyen dao va gan day la cong n h a n cac chi hgi Tin lanh.
Tfl nam 1993 trd lai day, nhflng ngUdi ddng dau truyen dao Tin lanh d cac ban da h e n he chat che vdi Hgi thanh Tin lanh Viet Nam (mien Bac) de nhan stf ho trg.
Hien nay, cd mot so he phai Tin lanh khae cung tham gia truyen giao d khu vUc nay, nhu Hgi t h a n h Lien hflU Ca doc. Lien doan Truyen giao Phue am... Tiif do lam cho tinh hinh dao Tin lanh d cac tinh co nhuTng d i i n bien phdc t a p mdi.
Dao Tin lanh da biet khai thae I d the cua mot ton giao cai each vdi nhiing tin dieu, luat le, l i nghi dcfn gian, de cao til tudng ta do dan chu, phutfng thde truyen giao nang dgng, uyen chuyen.
'}(ghien aiu - Trao ddi 63 - Khoa hoc Chfnh tri
quan t a m den ddi sdng thudng n h a t cua ngUdi dan de thu h d t hg vao dao. Dieu do ly giai tai sao da ed mot thdi gian ( d i u nhdng n a m 1990), nhieu ngUdi H m d n g theo Vang T r d da chuyen sang theo Cong giio. NhUng sau dd hg lai chuyen sang theo dao Tin l a n h eho den nay.
Nhdng dieu r a n day cua dao Tin l a n h kha phd hgp vdi t a m ly va nhu e i u cua ddng bao Hmdng, nhU h d n n h a n mot vg mot chdng, td chdc d a m tang, cUdi ddn gian khdng tdn k e m , k h d n g udng rUgu, khdng hdt thude, k h d n g ed bae...
Nhflng ngUdi truyen dao cd vai trd rat quan trgng ddi vdi sU p h a t t r i e n cda dao Tin l i n h . Vdi k i n h n g h i e m thuc te cua tdn giao nay, lUe lugng truyen dao (gdm ca mue sU, truyen dao va so ngUdi truyen dao tU nguyen) dugc sU hd trg td ben ngoii da b i m dan, gidp dan, ddng tieng dan toe de truyen dao ed hieu q u i . Cac nha truyen g i i o da c h i p n h a n gian khd hiem nguy, chu ddng tim den d a n toe Hmdng, vugt qua mgi rao can ve phong tuc t a p quan, sdng cdng vdi ngUdi Hmdng, ndi t i e n g Hmdng, quan t a m den ngUdi Hmdng b i n g nhflng h a n h ddng vi lgi ich thiet thue cho hg n h u chda benh, ho trg luang thUc, bao ve va b e n h vUc quyen lgi cua ngUdi Hmdng... Hg biet each "Hmdng hda" de d i n h ddng va g i n ket giao ly cua dao Kitd vdi v a n hda Hmdng, biet t a n dung c i c mdi quan he xa hgi truyen t h d n g nhU vai trd cua gia dinh, ddng hg, cda nhflng ngUdi cd uy tin nhu c i c thu linh vdng, ngUdi ddng dau ddng hg, l i n g b a n va c i t h a y p h i p Saman de p h i t t r i e n dao'".
'" Vuong Buy Quang, Su edi dgo theo Kitd gido cua mot bg phdn ngudi Hmong d Viet Nam vd khu vUc Dong Nam A td cuoi the ky XIX den nay, Tap chi Dan toe hoc, so 4, 2007, tr.U .: , .: .,,, .„_:.., ^ . J ,. . ,
Nhflng phuang thUc truyen dao linh boat, uyen chuyen va khdn kheo da lam eho nhieu ngUdi Hmdng theo dao Tin l a n h . H o a t dgng truyen dao l i nguyen n h a n ca b i n true tiep lam cho tdn giao n a y p h a t t r i e n d cac dia phUdng.
2. E^nh t e , v a n h o a - x a h p i - Do ddi sdng cda dong bdo qud kho khdn
Nghien cUu ve ddi sdng cua ddng b i o d khu vUc nay cho tha'y ngUdi dan ludn trong t i n h t r a n g ddi kem trien mien, thieu mac, thieu nUdc sinh boat, thieu n h d n g nhu e i u thiet yeu n h u mudi, d i u , ndng eu, n h a d r a t t a m bg, t h a m chi nhieu nai k h a n hiem c i cdi dun. C i c t i n h Tay B i c van la khu vUc ngheo n h a t trong c i nUdc. Bao cio cua c i c t i n h cho biet: d tinh Lai Chau, den n a m 2007, toan tinh cd 64/90 xa dac biet khd k h a n , mdt sd xa cd tdi 90%
so' hg thuge dien ddi ngheo. N a m 2007, tai Lao Cai, ty le ddi ngheo trong dan tdc Hmdng la 62,1%; tinh Dien Bien cd 11.980 hg ngudi Hmdng thudc dien ddi ngheo, chiem 34,99% sd hg ngheo la ngudi dan tgc thieu sd. Tinh Ha Giang, ty le ddi ngheo ban 40% (theo tieu chi cd). Han nfla, t i n h t r a n g chenh lech mdc sdng gifla d a n tdc Hmdng vdi cae dan tgc k h i c , vdng mien khae k h i Idn.
Ddi sdng van hda, tinh t h i n cda ddng b i o Hmdng cdng bet sdc ngheo nan; cic sinh boat van hda, nghe t h u a t b i u nhU khdng ed; c i c chuong t r i n h p h a t t h a n h , truyen h i n h trung UOng va dia phuang den vdi vdng cao cdn b a n che. Ddi sdng van h o i , t i n h t h i n cda ddng b i o b i u n h u khdng cd gi ngoai c i c cudc tang le, cUdi xin, cdng te vdi nhflng hd tuc n a n g ne, tdn kem. Nhieu sinh boat vdn boa truyen t h d n g tdt dep hi mai mot. Nhu eiu tin ngUdng cd truyen cda quan chdng khdng dugc ehd y mdt each ddng mdc.
64 - Khoa hoc Chfnh trj • 9{£hien aiu - Trao ddi
Do ddi sdng khd khdn keo dii, s i n xui't kem p h i t trien, thien tai x i y ra nhieu da l i m cho mot bg p h i n d i n toe Hmdng cim tha'y be t i c trUdc cuge sdng thuc tai. TrUde tinh hinh dd, nhflng ngUdi truyen dao da den truyen dao Ving Trd, Tin lanh. Hg tuyen truyen: "neu theo dao khdng l i m cdng cd dn", "tren trdi Ida chin day ddng khdng ngUdi gat hii"...
Trong h o i n cinh ddi sdng khd khan, dieu n i y da trd nen hap dan ngUdi d i n . Ddng bio da theo dao vdi hy vgng se l i m eho cuge sdng thay ddi.
- Con ton tai nhieu phong tuc tap qudn lg,c hdu, trinh do ddn tri thdp
Dan tgc Hmdng vdn cd nen van hda truyen thdng lau ddi, dae sic. Cic sinh boat van hda nhu le hgi Giu tao, N i o xdng, am nhac (khen, sio), truyen ed dan gian, tranh c i t giay... da tdng l i niem tU hao eua dan toe n i y . Tuy nhien, cdng vdi thdi gian, ngiy nay, cd nhieu phong tuc tap quan da trd nen lac hau, khdng edn phd hgp v i n tdn tai trong ddi sdng ddng bio, nhU trong viee td ehUc d i m eUdi, d i m tang, cdng ma, nhflng sinh boat n i y thudng rUdm r i , giy tdn kem. Dat trong dieu kien ngUdi Hmdng cdn ri't ngheo thi nhflng phong tue lac hau dd thUe sU trd t h i n h g i n h nang ddi vdi hg. Vi vay, ri't nhieu ngUdi Hmdng da td bo nhflng tin ngudng cd truyen de di theo dao Tin lanh. Theo hg, ding n i o cung thd ma, nhUng thd eon ma Giesu dd tdn kem ban. NgUdi Hmdng da ly giai nhu vay.
Ben eanh nhdng t i p tuc lac hau, trinh do d i n tri eua ddng bao Hmdng hien nay qui tha'p. Ty le ngUdi mu ehfl cao, trong dd cd c i cin bg, d i n g vien.
Ket qui khio s i t d mot sd dia phuang trong khu vUc cho tha'y phan Idn phu nd Hmdng d cic b i n vung sau, vung xa
deu khdng biet tieng phd thdng. Tai Ha Giang, den t h i n g 5/2008 edn tren 30% sd ngudi td 15 den 25 tudi ehUa biet ehfl.
Do trinh do dan tri eua dai bg phin quin chdng cdn thi'p, d i n den ngUdi dan d i tin, d i nghe theo sU tuyen truyen (dao Tin linh), them vao dd l i sU hoang mang, lo sg trUdc nhflng hien tugng bat thudng eua tU nhien (nhU Id lut. Id dat) nen da tin v i theo dao Vang Trd, Tin l i n h .
- Sii yeu kem cua he thdng chinh tri ccf sd
Mac du trong nhflng nam qua. Ding va N h i nUdc ta da cd nhieu chu trUang, bien phap de tdng eUdng, cung cd, kien t o i n he thdng ehinh tri d cic ca sd mien ndi phia Bac, trong dd cd vdng ddng bio Hmdng. Tuy nhien, he thdng ehinh tri d nhflng vdng n i y v i n trong tinh trang yeu kem, chfla d i p dng dugc yeu eiu cua tinh hinh hien nay. Cic td chdc doin the boat dgng khd khan, trong nhieu trUdng hgp sU tdn tai chi cd tinh hinh thde.
Nhieu nai, ehinh quyen ea sd yeu, khdng quan ly duge dia b i n , bi lUc lUgng truyen dao lan at, cd nai hi vd hieu hda, hien tugng "bd trdng" dia b i n v i n diin ra..
Dgi ngd e i n bg ehu chdt trong vdng d i n tdc Hmdng v i n trong tinh trang bat cap, vda thieu, vda yeu, trinh do hge van ra't thap, pho bien d trinh do cip 1 v i c i p 2. Van edn c i n bg xa mu ehfl. H i u het dgi ngu can bg ea sd deu thieu sU hieu biet ve tdn giao hoac neu cd, cdng rat yeu, khdng phan biet dugc gifla nhu eau tin nguflng, tdn giio cua ngudi d i n v i boat dgng lgi dung tdn giio cua eac p h i n td xau; sdng xa dan, it xudng ca sd, khdng nam dugc t i m tu nguyen vgng cua ddng b i o . Trong khi dd nhflng ngUdi truyen dao thUdng xuyen g i n gdi ngUdi dan, ndi tieng d i n tdc, g i n bd v i gidp dd hg khi e i n thiet.
11^hien aiu - Trao doi 65 - Khoa hoc Chfnh tri
Td dd d i n d e n t i n h t r a n g " D i n g xa, Cha g i n " .
Su yeu k e m eua dgi ngd c i n bg e i n bg dia phuang chinh la mot t r o n g n h d n g nguyen n h a n ca b i n l a m cho dao Tin lanh p h i t t r i e n d khu vUc nay.
4. N h i f n g v a n d e d a t r a h i e n nay
Den nay, sau ba n a m thUc hien Chi thi 01 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu ve mot sd cdng t i c ddi vdi dao Tin lanh, vdi viec cho phep eac diem, n h d m Tin l i n h dang ky sinh boat da l a m cho q u i n chdng theo dao thUc sU p h i n khdi, tin tUdng vao chu trUang ehinh s i c h tdn giao cda Dang va Nha nUdc, b a n che d i n nhflng phdc t a p nay sinh trong ddi sdng cgng ddng, gdp phan dn dinh va p h a t t r i e n vdng ddng bao Hmdng. Tuy nhien, t i n h h i n h p h a t trien dao Tin Idnb d khu vUc nay hien dang dat ra m g t s o v a n d e sau:
- Tiep tuc qudn tri^t, phd bien chinh sdch ddi mdi ve ton gido, chinh s i c h ddi vdi dao Tin l a n h theo tinh t h i n Chi thi 01 trong c i c cap uy Dang, chinh quyen, doan the va n h a n dan de tao sU t h d n g n h a t trong n h a n thde va ddng t h u a n xa hdi. ThUc te cho thay trong mot thdi gian k h a dai, viec nhan thde ve v a n de dao Tin l a n h d khu vUc nay ehUa ed sU t h d n g n h a t va chUa dugc q u i n t r i e t d i y du, do dd l i m cho cdng tac tdn giao d day hi b a n che.
Viec trien khai va thUc b i e n Chi t h i 01 trong thdi gian qua da d a t dugc nhflng ket qua n h a t dinh. Tuy n h i e n , viec q u i n triet va thUc h i e n Chi thi n a y d c i c t i n h mien ndi phia B i c k h d n g phai k h d n g gap nhflng khd k h a n , dac biet la ve m a t
*" Thanh Cao, Ba ndm thiic hien Chi thi 01 cda Thu tudng Chinh phu ve mot sd cong tdc doi vdi dgo Tin Idnh, Tap chi Cong tac Ton giao so 5/2008, tr.29
n h a n thde. Vi vay, viec tiep tuc quan t r i e t t i n h t h i n eua Chi thi den toan the c i n bg va n h a n d a n trong vdng ban bao gid h e t v i n r a t c i n thiet.
- Thiic hien tdt cdc mat cong tdc ddi vdi cdc td chUc Tin Idnh, dac biet la cdng t i c hudng d i n boat dgng cda cic diem, n h d m sau khi dang ky, nhu ve sinh b o a t t d n giao eua tin dd, boat dgng cda chdc s i c va cua td chdc giao hgi (viec bdi linh, dai hgi ddng, phong chdc, bdi dudng, d i o tao ehUc s i c , sda chfla, xay dung nai thd tU, xuat b i n kinh sich, quan he qud'c te...). Day la nhiem vu khd k h a n dat r a ddi vdi cic dia phuang vi p h i i g i i i quyet mot khdi lUgng Idn cdng viec lien quan den tdn giio, den dao Tin lanh, vdn la nhflng van de phdc t a p .
- Tiep tuc cho ddng ky cdc diem, nhom Tin Idnh ddi vdi nhflng nai cd thdi gian theo dao lau va sinh boat tdn g i i o dn dinh. Den t h a n g 3/2008, cac t i n h mien ndi phia B i c da hUdng dan 84 diem, n h d m Tin lanh vdi 12.255 ngUdi d a n g ky sinh boat tdn giao dn dinh. NhU vay, se cdn mot sd lugng Idn cac diem, n h d m chUa dugc dang ky sinh boat.
Viec tdng bUdc xem xet de cho phep cac diem, n h d m n i y ddng ky boat dgng tdn g i i o v i n la n h i e m vu d a t ra ddi vdi cic dia phuang hien nay va s i p tdi.'"
- Ngdn chan hoat dgng lgi dung ton gido phd hoai xd hgi cua cdc phdn tdi tieu cUc, gid vflng dn dinh khu
vUc ddng b i o dan tdc Hmdng. TrUdc day, khi chua cd Chi thi 01, c i c boat dgng Igi dung t d n giao d khu vUc n i y da d i i n ra phUc t a p . Chinh quyen c i c dia phuang da r a t khd k h a n trong viec ngan chan n h d n g b o a t dgng dd. Den nay, lgi dung dudng ldi ddi mdi cdi md ddi vdi tdn g i i o , vdi dao Tin l a n h cda Dang va Nha nude, nhflng boat dgng dd c i n g dien ra m a n h me v i cdng khai ban. Tai cic tinh
66 - Khoa hoc Chfnh trj 9{ghien aiu - Trao doi
khu vUc nay, da p h i t hien nhflng trUdng hgp l i cic td chdc, c i nhan trong v i nude ngoii lgi dung cic boat ddng n h i n dao td thien, dU i n diu tU, du lich... de t h i m nhap vio vung dan tdc Hmdng, Dao tuyen truyen dao Tin lanh. TU dd, lam cho tinh hinh an ninh va t r a t tU an toan xa hgi d cic dia phuang them phdc
tap, dac biet d nhflng dia ban xa xdi heo lanh, vdng bien gidi. Do dd, van de dat ra la p h i i tdn trgng v i dam bao quyen tu do tdn giio cua ngUdi dan, ddng thdi ngan chan nhflng am mUu, hoat dgng lgi dung tdn giio cua cac phan td tieu cUc de gifl vflng an ninh chinh tri va trat tU an toan xa hdi d khu vUc nay. •
VAK M K C Ttf TlTiSC Hii CHI MIKH...
(tiep trang 24)
triet de ve vdn, mat b i n g s i n xuat, dio tao ein bg. Mat khae, edng phai thi'y, vdi quy md kinh te hg, tinh c h i t eua nen s i n xui't hang hda nhd be, lae hau dang l i lue c i n eho viee p h i t trien HTX.
* Gidi phdp phdt trien HTX Td ea sd ly luan ve HTX trong tu tudng Hd Chi Minh v i td thuc t i i n phat trien HTX d nUde ta nhflng ndm qua, de HTX p h i t trien c i n thfle hien nhflng giii phap sau:
- Cdn to chiic, tuyen truyen, gido due, tgo ra sU nhdn thiic diing ve tinh chdt cua HTX
L i mot td chdc kinh te - xa hgi, HTX p h i i the hien diy du tinh chat dd.
La td chdc kinh te, HTX lam an phai cd hieu qua. V i vdi tfl cich l i mot td chdc xa hdi, mgi edng dan tham gia HTX, ngoii lgi tdc, edn duge hudng nhflng dich vu ma HTX mang lai. Vi vay, ve mat kinh te, cic cap, cic nganh can nhan thUe HTX la td chdc hgp vdn, hgp sdc, hgp tri tue de s i n xuat kinh doanh dd vat v i , tdn kem nhUng mang lai hieu qui kinh te cao. Ve mat xa hgi, ein tiep tuc day manh tuyen truyen de cho mgi ngUdi hieu ddng b i n chat, cic nguyen t i e , gia tri eua HTX, phan biet su khae nhau gida HTX kieu cd v i mdi.
t h i y dugc nhu cau p h i t trien t i t yeu k h i c h quan cua HTX, de khdng cdn ban khoan, nghi ngai bdi nhflng dinh kien eu ve HTX.
- To chdc trien khai thiic hien tdt cdc chinh sdch khuyen khich hd trg cda Nhd nUdc ddi vdi HTX
Cic cip uy, chinh quyen dia phuang, coi chi dao phat trien HTX la mot nhiem vu trgng tam va thUdng xuyen.
Ddng thdi, h o i n thien nhflng md hinh td chdc, quan ly HTX, nhan rgng cic md hinh p h i t trien mdi. Tang cUdng hd trg cic HTX trong viec dio tao bdi dUdng can bg, tU van, cung cap thdng tin thi trudng, tieu thu s i n pham,..
- Doi mdi ndng cao hieu qud hogt dgng cda HTX
P h i t huy vai trd cua HTX trong viec eung cap san pham, dich vu cho xa vien; i p dung cdng nghe tien tien, nang cao hieu qua hoat dgng va sdc canh tranh cua HTX. Khuyen khich huy dgng cd phan v i ngudn vdn cua xa vien dd khdng ngdng tang them vdn dau tU phit trien HTX. HTX phai van hanh theo cd che thi trudng, that sU la chu the kinh te tu chu vfla hgp t i c , vda canh tranh trong nen kinh te thi trudng dinh hUdng XHCN."