PHOI HOP THIEN-HAM LO CONG TAC NO MIN TREN MO LO THIEN DE DAM BAO AN TOAN TRONG KHAI

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CNM

HOINGHIKHOAHOCKV THUAT MO T O A N O U O C LAN THlif XX

CONG TAC NO MIN TREN MO LO THIEN DE DAM BAO AN TOAN TRONG KHAI T H A C PHOI HOP LD THIEN-HAM LO

KS. NGUYEN THANH BINH, ThS. o 6 NGQC TU6C KS. TA MINH DLTC - Vien Khoa hgc Cong nghe Md-TKV 1. Cac phUdng an va dang khai thac phoi

hdp giiira lo thien va ham 16

Trong ITnh vyc khai thae mo tren t h i gidi viee tiin hanh tren eung mdt khoang sang ea hai phOdng phap Id thien va ham Id nham nang cao hieu qua va cudng dp khai thae eung nhu tan thu toi da tai nguyen ngay cang dope ap dung rdng rai.

Hien nay, tren mpt sd md khai thac than thude TKV, do yeu cau v i san lupng cung nhu dac diem phan bo eua eae via than, dang dupe nghien cOu de chuan bj tiin hanh chuyen ty khai thac Id thien sang khai thac ham Id hoac khai thae dong thdi ea hai phUdng phap theo dp sau khac nhau. Oien hinh la cac dy an dau tu khai thae eae via V11, V10, V9, V7 cua md than Nui Beo va cac via than V.14-4;

V.14-3 md Cao Sdn-Khe Cham ll-IV.

NhOmg anh hodng qua lai xay ra khi tien hanh khai thac phd'i hdp giUa hai phUdng phap him Id va Id thien trong eung thdi diem va khdng gian khai thac la diiu khdng tranh khdi. Do vay, ngay tO bay gid viec nghien cyu sCf dung cac bien phap edng nghe, trinh ty khai thae eho md him Id va md Id thien trong sud't qua trinh ton tai la van d i can dupe nghien eCfu mdt each h i t syc ky ludng, khoa hpe va ddi hdi tfnh chi'nh xae eao nham dam bao an toan tuyet dd'i cho qua trinh hoat dpng khai thae.

Tren t h i gidi, viee khai thae phd'i hpp trong eung mdt khoang sang bang hai phUdng phap ed the xay ra theo eae trudng hpp sau:

•:• PhUdng an 1: Chuyen ty khai thac Id thien sang khai thae him Id

•:• PhOdng an 2: Chuyen tO khai thae ham Id sang khai thac Id thien

•> PhUdng an 3: Khai thae deng thdi lp thien- ham Id

PhUdng phap khai thae dong thdi Id thien-ham Id dupc tiin hanh theo mpt so ly do sau:

• Do nhu c l u rut ngan thdi gian dat san lupng theo cdng suit thiit ke khai thac cua md.

• Do nhu eau trung hoa giua quang ngheo va quang giau trong cung mdt khu vyc md.

• Do chieu sau khai thac de tan thu toi da tai nguyen bang phOdng phap id thien qua ldn nen khdng thuan Ipi, hieu qua khai thae thap he sd bdc gidi han Kg^ > k^,.

Day la phUdng phap khai thae gay ra sy anh hudng tUdng tae Iln nhau eac nhit. Tuy nhien, sy anh hodng nay toy thupc vao tOng diiu kien cu the va thdi gian trung khdp ma ed nhOng mye dp khac nhau. Trong thye te thi khdng gian phd'i hpp cCia hai phUdng phap ed the diin ra theo hai dang: Dang theo true thing dyng va dang theo true nam ngang hoac eung lue tren ea hai true. Trong eac dang nay thi anh hodng khai thae theo true thing dOng la trudng hpp xay ra nhiiu nha't, ed myc dp anh hudng Idn va viec giai quyit cung khd khan hdn.

a. Khai thae phdi hgp theo true thing diing Mue dfch ehi'nh eua phOdng phap phd'i hdp nay la ke't hpp khai thac khoang sang trong eung khdng gian va thdi gian nham nang td'i da san lupng khai thac. Nhong mo tren the gidi ap dung each khai thac phd'i hpp nay la mo khai thac da kim Antuntopcan, md sat Sgock, mo khai thac thuy ngan Nhikitovka (Lien Xd eO) hoac md da kim Kamoro (Zair) mo volfram Mittren (My), md dong Tulkoyv (Canada)...

b. Khai thac phdi hgp theo true ngang

oac diem cCia phUdng phap nay la md khai thac dupc chia theo nhdm hoac phan nhdm khai thac theo mOc dp phd'i hpp trong tyng giai doan. SCr dung dang true ngang cho nhung mo trong sudt qua trinh ton tai ehia theo giai doan ty dang dong thdi chuyen sang khai thac nd'i tiep. Dien hinh cCia each khai thac nay la mo dong Blivianckoe, md vang Baleiekoe, md Nikel Seleickoe (Lien Xd eu).

Mo ddng Rei, md vang Maymoran va md dong Insmaitin (My).

2. Cac phudng phap xac djnh khoang each an toan cho cac dudng 16 khai thac dudi cong trudng khai thac lo thien theo quy mo vu no'

Mdt trong nhang ye'u td anh hudng thadng xuyen va trye tiep diin ra trong sud't qua trinh

CONG NGHIEP MO SO 5 - 2009

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HOI NGHI KHOA HOC KY THUAT MO TOAN QUOC LAN THUf XX

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CNM

khai thae phd'i hpp giua Id thien va ham Id la anh hodng chan dpng do cac vu no min lam tPi dat da tren cac tang mo gay ra. Tuy thupc vao quy md, phUdng phap nd ma mOc dp anh hodng nay cung khac nhau.

Tren the gidi ngudi ta sCf dung mdt trong hai chi tieu chCi y i u de lam ed sd ehe viec tfnh toan gidi han quy md cac vu no cho phep dam bao an toan cho cac edng trinh khai thae n g l m dudi md khai thac Id thien.

a. Xac dinh tdc do dich chuyen nen mong cho phep dam bao an toan cho cdng trinh

Ban chat eCia phUdng phap nay la xae djnh kha nang chju lyc cCia edng trinh ngam dc tac dpng dja chin no min gay ra ty cdng trudng khai thae Id thien thdng qua td'c dp djch chuyen v^c eho phep.

da va cdng nghe nd' min; n=1,5^3 - Chi sd phu thude vao khoang each ty edng trinh bao ve den diem no.

Kinh nghiem no' min tren eac mo Id thien eua nudc ngoai cho tha'y khi sCf dung phUdng phap no min vi sai thi he sd K cd gia trj nhd hdn rat nhiiu so vdi no' min tyc thdi, nhd do ma anh hudng chin ddng do no min giam dang ke.

Cac gia trj t i e dp c h i n ddng cho phep dd'i vdi cac dd'i tupng dat da khac nhau va cae edng trinh can bao ve trong dd the hien trong Bang 1.

Td gia trj td'c dp djch ehuyin eho phep xae dinh quy md vu no' dam bao an toan cho edng trinh ham Id:

'[i+(i-2.p).£or-ir

LL V H ; OJ j _ ^ ^^ ^ 2 )

0 = R^c^

10-"

V = K

R cm/s (1)

Trong dd: Q - Khd'i lopng thud'c nd min Id thien, kg/vu;

R - Khoang each do thye t i ty tam vu no din dudng Id khai thae, m; K - He sd phu thudc vao dac diim d i t

Oe giup cho viec xac djnh nhanh quy md vu no theo tieu chuan an toan do anh hudng cCia chan dpng ed the sCf dung bieu do xae djnh cac thdng so v i chan ddng dam bao an toan cho cac cdng trinh bd trf trong da't da mo the hien trong h i n h H L

Bang 1. Td'c do chan ddng cho phep dd'i-vdi cac nhdm da't da khac nhau.

Loai dat da

Oat nCrt ne manh, set chya khdi rong Oa curng nCrt ne manh

Oat da tOdng dd'i dong nhat nhieu khe .nCrt va khd'i rdng

Da dong nhat ft nOt ne Oa rat ran ft khe ndt

Op kien cd f

U 3 3^5 5-^9 9^14 14-^20

Td'c dp lan truyen sdng dpc, 10^ m/s

2^3 3^4 4^5 5^6 6-^7

Td'c dp chan ddng eho phep theo nhdm da't da, em/s 1

6,8 9,5 12,2 14,9 _ 17,8__

II 13,6 19,0 24,4 29,8 _ _35,6

III 20,3 28,4 36,7 44,6 53,3 _

IV 34,0 47,5 60,0 74,5 _8_9,0 .

inh)

- 0.0002 0.0005

cone oa g cho phep cua dat da 0.0001

o\6n dan

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y

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i

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DO 150 100 Khoang each tCr tam nd

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50 C m

2000

^

r

X

^ i I

• '-

2000 6000 80 3000

oc dp song truyen am doc, m/s

00 ^ Khoi luong vu no, Kg

b. Xac dinh chieu day ngan each an toan glUa day md Id thien den him Id

Mue dfch eua phOdng phap nay la xac djnh ehiiu day bao ve giua day md Id thien d i n cdng trinh khai thac him Id dya tren ed sd cac thdng so v i diiu kien ty nhien cua da't da nhu: Td'c dp sdng dpc; he sd bie'n dang; he so Poatsong; thdi gian ton tai eua edng trinh... Ban chat cCia phUdng phap nay la trong khoang each ed djnh tiin hanh diiu chinii quy md vu no tren md Id thien phu hpp vdi diiu kien ty nhien cua dat da phan bo giua bien gidi lp thien va him Id.

Chiiu day tru bao ve giua day md Id thien de'n him Id xae djnh theo bit ding thye cua Giao Su Mocinhes [2]:

H. 1. Bleu do xac dinh cac thdng s6 vechan ddng dam bao an toan cho cac cdng tnnh both trong dit da md.

H>- 145.CP' ²²⁵

^0,85

(l + (l-2.p).ep-lf

⁵⁷ ^{i + |j}

0,57

,m.(3)

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CNM

Hpl NGH! KHOA HOC KY THUAT MO TOAN QUOC LAN TUtf XX Trong dd: Cp - Td'c dp cCia sdng dpc, m/s; [i - He sd

Poatsong; e - He sd bien dang dan hoi cho phep phu thupc vao chCirc nSng sCf dung va thdi gian ton tai cCia cdng trinh ngam.

Oe giup cho viec xac djnh nhanh khoang each an toan can thiet giOra day mo Id thien den dudng Id dya tren eac thdng so' ve dieu kien ty nhien dupe xac dinh nhd vao k i t qua khao sat va thiet bj ho trp cd the sCf dung bieu do H.2.

0.30 0.35 0.40

1

V) I

s ^

s ^ V

^ V

Chi4u c S ^

s N . V

iylnib )vddi aasyr o ra ihn 100.0 87.5 75.0 62.5 50.0 37.5 Tranq In/dnq 1 (V6i 7 < 0.0001)

>7.5 60.5 51.5 42.0 34.0 25.0 rronq tnfdnq II (Vdi ? < 0.0002)

>4.5 47.5 40.0 33.5 27.5 20.0 rronq liudnq III {Vffi ? < 0.0003)

25.0 17.0 13.5

12.5 8.5 6.5

,

2000 4O0O 6000 80[

J2 500 -S' 600 •« E

0 Khtfi luang thutfc n6. Kg

H.2. Bleu dd xac djnh khoang each an toan tu day md Id thien de'n dudng Id

c. Xae djnh quy md vu no va cac bien phap an toan khi khai thac phoi hgp Id thien - him Id cho khu vuc Cao San - Khe Cham ll-IV

Theo dy an: "Nghien cau dau to xay dyng khai thac ham Id md than Cao Sdn-Khe Cham ll-IV" do Vien KHCN Mo lap thi sau khi xay dyng cd ban se bat dau khai thac ham Id cae via 14-4; 14-3 tO nhung nam 2013-2014 va day la thdi diem khai thac dong thdi cung vdi khai thac md Id thien.

Thdi gian tdn tai cCia mo Id thien den 2048 va dope chia lam hai giai doan; day md k i t thuc b miic - 350m. Trong thdi gian nay khi khai thac Id thien het via 13-1 khoang each ty day k i t thuc khai thac Id thien de'n via 11 ed khoang each trung binh H=150-H160 m.

Dat da vach md Khe Cham II gom cac loai nham thach: Cat, san, cudi k i t cd dp kien cd trung binh f=8^10. Mye dp nOt ne loai I k l l l . Td'c dp sdng truyen am dpc Vs=3200-^4obo m/s. Oat da cd mOc dp khd nd cap I k l l l ( d i nd d i n trung binh khd nd).

Thdng sd he thdng khai thac: Chieu eao t i n g H=15 m; Chieu rdng mat tang cdng tac:

B = 3 5 + 4 5 m; Gdc nghieng soon tang: a-65+70°.

Khd'i lopng thud'c nd sCf dung trung binh 35000 kg/vu (dam bao san lopng bdc dat da khai thac id thien). Tdc dp djch chuyen cho

phep ddi vdi cac dudng Id md than Khe Cham V(.p=20 cm/s.

• Xac dmh tdc dich chuyen khi thay ddi khdi lopng thudc nd theo [1] khi cac gia trj k=200 va n=1,6 cho dieu kien md Khe Cham II va IV dupc the hien trong Bang 2.

Bang 2. Xae dinh td'c do djch chuyen da't da phu thudc vao qui md vu no.

KL thudc

no Q.kg 10000 20000 30000 40000

Tdc dp djch chuyen dat da phu thudc vao khoang each R, cm/s

125 m 12,9 17,3 21,5

140 m 10,0 14,1 17,9 20,9

155 m 8,5 12,3 15,2 17,8

170 m 7,3 10,6 13,1 15,3

185 m 5,4 9,27 11,5 13,4

• Quy md vu nd xac djnh theo khoang each ty bien gidi Id thien den cdng trinh Id cho md than Khe Cham ll-IV the hien trong Bang 3.

Bang 3. Khoang each cho phep gida day mo lg thien va cac dudng Id khai thac.

TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Q(kg) 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 45000

H(m) 95 104 111 117 122 141 170

Nha vay, qua k i t qua tfnh toan quy md vu nd theo dieu kien khai thae thye te cua md Khe Cham ll-IV theo hai tieu chuan cd sd la tdc dp chan ddng cho phep va quy md vu nd theo khoang each tii bien gidi Id thien den dodng Id cho phep daa ra k i t luan la: vdi khdi IOdng thud'c nd 35000 kg/vu thi anh hudng chan ddng khdng dCi gay ra nhung tdn hai den cac dodng Id khai thac va lam gian doan hay ngang san xuat cCia md Khe Cham ll-IV.

Tuy nhien, de chuan xac trong viee xac djnh khoang each an toan giua khai thae Id thien va ham Id cung nha an toan khai thac trong dieu kien mo Khe Cham can:

• Phai dope khao sat, nghien cau cac dieu kien ty nhien v i nham thach, ca'u tao dja chat khdi dat da, d i i u kien dja chat thuy van trong pham vi ranh gidi giOra Id thien va ham Id.

(Xem tie'p trang 33)

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HOI NGHI KHOA HOC KY THUAT MO TOAN QUOC LAN THUf XX phUdng, phat trien dope trong mdi trOdng ty nhien

tai vung md, nen khdng the ap dung bien phap "di tat ddn dau" ap dung theo dung cac kit qua da dat dupc tai cac nudc khac eho quang cCia Viet Nam.

Do vay, de ed the ap dung cdng nghe vi sinh vao viec xCf ly bun dd ty khai thae quang bauxite b Viet Nam nhat thiet phai bat dau ty viee xay dyng cd sd nghien cyu thf nghiem, sau dd nang cap len tyng bode, b quy md ban cdng nghiep va cdng nghiep. Do vay, viec xay dyng nganh khai thac-tuyen-luyen vi sinh la mpt viec lam mang tfnh chiin lupc, ma nhiiu qud'c gia da va dang hudng tdi, dac biet la trong d i i u kien tai nguyen thien nhien d i n can kiet.

De ed the xay dyng mpt nganh edng nghiep bauxit-alumin-nhdm Viet Nam hien dai, kinh t i va than thien vdi mdi trudng, d i nghj Chfnh phu, cae nha khoa hpe nganh md Viet Nam sdm quan tam, xay dyng dpi ngu nghien cyu, cd sd nghien cyu thf nghiem khai thae- tuyen luyen-vi sinh b Viet Nam, lam tien de che viec nang cao yng dung cdng nghe nay vao thye tiin nganh md cCia nude ta.O

TAi LIEU THAM KHAO 1 de'n 34 - Xem Bang 1.

35. "Tuyen khoang xanh" NhOng thanh tOu nd'i bat nam 2002, Nguyen Ooan Hanh. Tap ehf'cdng nghiep Mo. So I. 2003.

Ngudi bien tap: Nghiem Gia

SUMMARY

j ij

During 30 recent years, study and

\ application of microbiology leach and separation technologies for processing red } mud and bauxite ore have been carried o u t ; by many countries on different scales. The ' I paper represents some main obtained ;

jachievements in this field, the capability

^ and necessary demands for its application '

\ in Vietnam.

CONG TAC NO MJN TREN...

(Tie'p theo trang 41)

••• Xae djnh bang thiit bj chuyen dung eae y i u td v i dja chat cCia khd'i da; eac tiidng sd phue vu tfnh toan nhu s, y, n, eae gia trj v i sdng truyin am trong da't da nhu Cp, Cs...

• Trong qua trinh khai thae e l n phd'i hpp chat che va lap trinh ty khai thae hpp ly ve khdng gian cung nho thdi gian cua hai phUdng phap.

• Phai tie'n hanh eac bien phap quan trie phat hien kjp thdi cac hien tupng bie'n dci ve dja chat, diin biin ve dja chat thu^ van de kjp thdi diiu chinh mpt each hpp ly quy md vu nd min tranh anh hudng td'i da v i dja chan.

• Phai nghien cyu eac edng nghe khoan, no hpp ly khi pha da tren md Id thien de giam thieu td'i da chin dpng do no' min de'n cac dudng Id khai thac. Khi t i i n hanh no' mm tren mo Id thien phai ngyng cdng tae khai thae va sd tan toan bp cdng nhan ham Id den vj trf an toan.D

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

1. PhOdng an xud'ng sau cae md Id thien vung Cam Pha. Cdng ty CP TU van Oau to Md va Cdng nghiep-TKV. 2003.

2. Mosinhes V. N. Tac dung pha hu^ va chan ddng do no min trong da md. NXB "Nhedra"

Mabccdva 1976.

3. Kutuzov B. N. Cdng tac pha vd dat da bang nd' min trong phdng thf nghiem va ngoai thue t i . NXB "Nhedra" Mabccdva 198l'.

4. Drucovanui. M. P. PhOdng phap dieu khien no' tren md Id thien. NXB "Nhedra" Matxcdva 1973.

5 Rjevski. Cac qui trinh khai thae md Id thien.

NXB "Nhedra" Mabccdva 1983.

6. Repin N. A. Cdng tac no' min va xuc bdc tren eac md than Id thien. NXB "Nhedra" Mabccdva 1978.

Ngu&i bien tap: Trin Manh Xuan

SUMMARY

In the coming time, some of open pit coal mines at Quang Ninh area have to be applied with the underground mining method. The p a p e r introduces a method for determining the thickness of the safety pillars from the open pit bottom to the highest drifts and the trial calculation for II and IV Khe Cham coal mines.