DiymHfCi
••'ei 3 33
KT nang day hpc theo hifofng tfch hgfp trong giao due moi trirofng an toan - phong tranh tai nan thiTofng tich b THCS
TS. TAO TH! HONG VAN V l i n NghiSn CQu Su Phgm - Dgi hpe sU phgm H i Npi
d$ khic nhau, nhung dQ d mQc dp nao cung can dam b i o c i c nguySn t i c sau:
• Dim bio tlnh mgc tiiu: Vigc s i p x i p , lya chpn va liSn k i t c i c k i l n thQc v i kT n i n g p h i i n h i m dgt tdi myc t i i u GD cua c i p hpc. t r i n h i t dd l i tgo n i n con ngudi cd k h i nang h i n h ddng t r i n n i n t i n g mdt k i l n thQc, kT nang vQng chic.
- Dim bio tfnh khoa hgc. C i c k i l n thQc dapc tlch hpp p h i i la khieh quan p h i n i n h dung ban chat sy v i t , h i i n tupng.
- Cd nht^ nit tuang dSngtrong ndi dung v i phUdng phap;
Tlch hyp kiln thQc cua hai hay nhieu mdn hpc khic nhau thinh m|t mdn hpc vdi dilu kiSn cic mdn hpe dd phai gin nhau v l b i n chit hay mye tiSu, hoic chQng 1^1 sung eho nhau, tranh tfch hpp, Ilng ghip m|t each tuy ttin hay gupng i p . VIdg dc ki^ thtfc cua giio dgc mdi trudng an tdn-PTTNTT d trung hgc cdsdd thitfeh hpp vio m^tsimin tfu din sau:giio dgcdng dn, ($a il^, hda, vdn-
• £)im bio thh khi ffw. Ngudi hpc c6 t h l nhan thQc va v i n dyng dQpe kiln thQc, kT nang tich hpp d e mdn hpc. Ngudi dgy d du dilu ki|n d l t l chQc, hudng d i n viSe hpe tap,
o l lya chpn v i khai thie hiSu q u i nhQng ndi dung tfch hpp, GV d n thyc h i i n theo c i e bade sau:
* Budc 1: NghiSn cQu kTSGK v i phin lopicic b i i cd ldi dung ho$c cd k h i n i n g tieh hpp:
(1) Lopt thtf nhit Tich hpp t o i n p h i n : Khi myc t i i u v i ldi dung b i i hpc h o i n t o i n phQ hpp vdi myc tiSu g i i o dye ndi trudng an toin-PTTNTT
(2) Lopi thtf hai. Tfch hpp m|t p h i n : Khi chi cd mdt bd j h i n b i i hpc cd npi dung g i i o dye phu hpp va cd t h l Ilng ] h i p g i i o dye mdi trudng an toin-PTTNTT
(3; Lopi thtf ba: Tlch hpp liSn hS : Khi ndi dung v i b i i lpc cd d i l u k i i n lien h$ mot c i c h logic vdi ndi dung giio Iyc mdi trydng an toin-PTTNTT
V( dy: " Bii 14- Trit ttf an tdn giao thdng" (giio due :dng dan Idp 6} d t h l tlch hpp toan p h i n v l g i i o dye mdi rUdng an toan-PTTNTT
" Bii 1: Ttf chim sdc vi rin luyin thin thi (giio dgc
cdng din Idp 6) cd the tich hpp mdt p h i n giio dye mdi trudng an toin-PTTNTT
" Bit 14: Bao vi mdi trUdng vi tai nguyin thiin nhiin"
(giio dgc cing din Idp 7) cd t h l liSn hS giio dye mdi trudng an toan-PTTNTT
+ Budc 2: Xie dinh cic kiin thtfrc dupc tlch hpp. Budc nay r i t quan trpng de x i e dmh eac phuong phap v i htnh thQc t l ChQc DH c i c n^l dung tfch hpp.
Vidy " B i i 7 Y i u thien nhiSn, sdng hda hpp vdi thten nhiin" (giio dye cdng d i n tdp 6) cd t h l tlch hpp nhilu ndi dung v l giao dye mSi trudng an toin-PTTNTT nhU tai ngn thUdng tich do n g i , ngd dde, ddng v i t c i n . .
2.1.2. Bii dudng ki ning ttiiit kikihopch dpy hpc theo hudng tlch hpp
a. "Y" nghTa cua viSc thilt k l k l hoach dgy hpc.
M u l n cho q u i trinh DH dat k i t q u i , ngUdi GV trung hpc CO sd d n danh thdi gian thich dang cho viec thilt k l ke hpach bai hpc, d i e biSt l i b i i hpe tlch hpp.
Thilt k l hogt ddng dgy v i hoat ddng hpc l i x i y dyng mdt c i c h chi t i l t k l hogeh DH nhim dgt dupc myc tiSu DH v i phQ hpp vdi nhQng quy luit cua hoat ddng n h i n thQc Tuy nhlin viSc thilt ke dQ h o i n h i o d i n dau cung c h i l i dy k i l n t i l n trinh DH, khdng n i n quan niem ring do l i diSu kien nhit thie't p h i i theo mpt c i c h cQng dd khi DH.
Thie't k l i i mpt vigc l i m can thilt ddi vdi vdi ngudi GV trung hpc co sd vi nd dam bao d l ngudi G V l i m viee cd k l hoach, hilu rd ring rang ngudi HS can hpc c i i gl, IQc nao.
nha t h l n i o va vl sao. Vigc thilt k l b i i hpe thQc d i y ngudi GV suy nghTvl HS, v l myc tiSu dgy hpc, c i c h DH; d i n g thdi cdn cho p h i p GV suy nghT ve nhQng tinh hudng su phgm cd the x i y ra, do dd chu ddng trUde nhQng "dien bien b i t thUdng' trong Idp. Thilt k l k l hogeh b i i hpe cy t h l , ehi tiet cdn l i m cho viSe dgy ciJa GV v i viSc hpc ciJa HS cd djnh hadng, tap trung v i o nhQng d i l m mau chdt, c i n thilt d l dat dapc muc tiSu dgy hpc hay GD.
Khi tiln hinh lap ke hogeh dgy hpc, G V d n suy nghT ve- + NhQng myc tieu HS can dgt tdi. (HS hpc dupc c i i gi, lam duyc gl sau khi hpc hay hogt ddng)
34 I L
+ Ndi dung tn thQc; cich thQc hogt ddng d n dUpc dua ra trong hogt ddng DH hay GD.
+ D i l u HS d i biet v l chij d l cQa bai hpc hay cQa hogt dpng GD niy.
+ Cich d i n h gia k i t q u i .
b. Mdt sd md hinh k l hoaeh dgy hpc theo hUdng tlch cyc v i tich hpp giio dye mdi tradng an toan- phdng trinh tai ngn thUdng tlch
* MO HlNH BAt HQC TICH HOP
/ Mpc tliu: chl rd mue tiSu d n dgt v l c i c phUdng tiSn:
1. K i l n thQc.
2. KT ning.
3. Thai dd
Vi dy Bai "Ty c h i m sdc v i ren luygn t h i n the"
( g i i o dye cdng d i n ldp 6) Myc t i i u c l n dgt: HS dgt dupe:
l./Kiln thQc:
- Hpc sinh h i l u bilt nhQng b i l u hiSn cua v i i c ty chim sdc sQc khoe, rSn IuySn t h i n t h l .
- V nghTa eua viSc ty c h i m sdc sQc khoS, rSn IuySn t h i n the, phdng tranh tai ngn thuong tich
2/ Ky nang:
- Hpc sinh bilt ty d l ra k l hogeh luyin tap the dye t h l thao, cd y thQc thudng x u y i n ty r i n luyin t h i n t h l .
- Slit quy trpng sQc khoe cua b i n t h i n va cila ngUdi khic.
- Bii't v i n d^ng mpi ngudi eung tham gia v i hadng Qng phong t r i o the dye, t h l thao
- Biet c i c h phdng trinh m|t sd tai ngn thQdng tich i n h hudng d i n sQc khde
3/ Tt)ii dg: Hpc sinh cd y thQc thudng xuyin r i n luyin t h i n t h l . giQ gin v i c h i m sdc sQc khoe, cd y thQc b i o vg phdng trinh tai ngn cho b i n t h i n .
II. Chuin bl bii hpc
O i y p h i l l i sy ehuin b| cd tfnh toan eCia GV d l thye hiSn mye tiSu b i i hpc theo hudng ttch hpp. O i y l i b i i hpc tfch hpp mdt p h i n phdng trinh tai ngn thUdng tieh v d i " ty c h i m sdc v i r i n IuySn b i n t h i n ' n i n g i i o v i i n p h i i dinh hudng dgy hpe tlch hpp nhU t h l nao, dmh hudng dgy hpe tlch eye n h u t h i nao d l chuyin t i l ndi dung" Ty c h i m sdc va rSn IuySn b i n thSn' tieh hpp vdi ndi dung phdng trinh tai ngn thUdng tich
III. Hoptdpng dpy hpc
1. Khdng p h i i la sogn s§n c i c ldi giang, m i tgo l i p c i c hogt ddng dgy, hpc (ehu y i u l i t l chQc v i i c hpc).
2. Vigc t l ChQc c i c hogt ddng hpc can dgt c i c myc t i i u cQa b i i v l c i c mat tlch hpp, tlch eye v i tQOng tic.
3. Hinh thQc trinh b i y : Phan i n h hogt d^ng tuong t i c cua hai chu t h l dgy v i hpc dapc t h l hign trong thilt k l sau Vdl vi dy neu trSn thi hogt ddng dgy hpc phai tien h i n h c i c hogt ddng sau:
Hogt ddng 1. Hudng dSn hpc smh tim hieu truySn dpc:
" Miia h i kl diSu"
Hogt dpng 2. Thao lugn v l nhQng b i l u hign ty c h i m sdc rSn IuySn t h i n t h l va nhQng hanh vi t r i i vdi viSc c h i m sdc r i n IuySn t h i n t h l
Hogt dpng 3. Hudng d i n hpc smh tim h i l u ndi dung b i i hpc
Hogt d$ng 4. Luy$n t i p
c. Mdt sd luu y khi thilt k l k l hogeh dgy hpc theo hudng tich hpp
- Khi thilt k l k l hogeh DH theo hUdng tich hpp. GV can coi trpng v i biet x i e dinh mye tiSu. Myc tieu dUpc xie dmh c i n : Chl ra nhQng dieu HS c i n h i l u , b i l t hoac lim dapc sau khi hpc bai. vl dy nhu sau khi hpe xong bai hpe vi
"Thye hiSn t r i t ty an t o i n giao thdng" d g i i o dyc cdng din Idp 6 hpc smh p h i i h i l u tinh chit nguy h i l m v i nguySn n h i n p h i b i l n cua c i e vy tai ngn giao thdng; t i m quan trpng cua t r i t tu an t o i n giao thdng; h i l u nhQng qui d|nti d n thilt v l t r i t ty an t o i n giao thdng , h i l u y- nghTa eua viSe c h i p hinh t r i t ty an t o i n g i i o thdng v i c i c bi$n phip bao d i m an toan khi di dudng.
- Khi lya chpn ndi dung d n tlch hpp, G V lUu y viic s&p x i p npi dung. NSn b i t d i u b i n g nhQng fri thQc HS da bilt hoac vQa hpc trong b i i trudc; di k i l n thQc tQ cy t h l din trQu tupng; p h i n chia ndi dung thinh nhieu p h i n nhd d l HS h i l u dupe p h i n trade r l i mdi l i l p tyc p h i n sau.
- C l n iya chpn hinh thQc tich hpp cho phu hpp, trinh gd i p thinh c i c n|i dung tich hpp, l i m nhu v i y hiiu qui cua b i i hpc se hgn c h l .
2.1.3. Boi dudng dc kining tiin hinh vl^c dpy hpc trin idp
H i thdng nhQng kT n i n g t i i n h i n h viSc DH trSn Idp rit da dgng. Trong p h i n n i y chf gidt hgn d viSc trinh bay mot s l kt nang d n thilt.
a.. IG ning bit diu bii hpc
- "Vgn khdi sy dau nan". Tuy nhiSn khdng ft GV khdng thay dupc tam quan trpng cua vigc b i t dau bai hpc. Bat d i u bai hpc mpt c i c h k h i o l i o v i hpp li cd t i c dyng khSu gpi d§ng iyc bSn trong eCia HS. O l cd nguin dpng iyc bin trong ed the t i l n h i n h nhU:
+ G i y cho HS Idng mong m u l n t h i n h cdng bSng each dn Igi bai cu. l i m s i n g td mdi quan h | giQa dilu da hpc v i d i l u sS hpc, tgo d i l u k i i n eho HS tham gia cd kit q u i v i o mdt hogt ddng ddi hdi cd cd g l n g .
- T i l n h i n h hogt ddng md d i u b i i hpc. Hogt d|ng md dau ma ngudi GV sQ dyng k h i da dgng, cd t h l tiln h i n h mpt sd dgng nhu sau:
+ YSu d u HS quan s i t mdt bQc tranh hay mpt hinh ve, mpt b i n d l h o i c md hinh, v i t t h i t . , vl dy quan sat bQc tranh v l gia dinh hay bQc tranh v l hogt d|ng trong n h i trQOng..
+ Quan s i t htnh qua m i y chilu hay m i y Projecter.
+ T h i o l u i n v l mdt v i n d l . + Ke mdt e i u chuygn
(ChQ y r i n g n$i dung cua hogt ddng md d i u d n lien quan dS'n ndi dung b i i hoc mdt c i c h trye t i l p hay giin tilp.)
- De dam bao k i t qua hogt dpng bat d i u b i i hpc, GV chuin bj kTludng. Muon v i y c i n d i t ra nhQng c i u hdi sau:
+ C i n t l ChQc Idp nhu t h l nao d l dgt hiSu q u i ? + L i m t h l n i o d l HS chQ y ?
+ Cd c i n t h i l t dn lgi k i l n thQc cu khdng ? + Cd d n nSu mye dich b i i hpe khdng ? + Cd can hogt ddng md dau khdng 7
+ LiSn k i t hogt ddng md d i u vdi p h i n ndi dung cQa bai hpc v i c i e n^i dung tk:h hpp nha t h l n i o d l dgt hiiu q u i ?
DtllfvaHXi
+ TQOng quan cho hogt ddng md d i u v i thdi gian cua e i b i i hpc nhu t h i n i o cho hpp ly ?
b. KTnang hdi vi dpt du hdi
Trong q u i trinh DH, nhit l i DH theo hudng phit huy tfnh tfch cyc, ChQ dpng cQa HS, GV thQdng d i t r i t nhieu c i u hdi eho HS. C i u hdi m i GV dat ra cho HS khi dgy hpc theo hadng tlch hpp k h i c vdi cSu hdi dgy mdt mdn hpc ddn l i . Cau hdi khi dgy mdt mdn hpc thudng dupc d i t ra d l ngudi hdi bilt hoac biet thSm v l mdt v i n d l n i o do, edn c i u hdi GV d i t ra khi dgy b i i hpc (hay n|i dung) tlch hpp khdng p h i i vi khdng biet ma nhim myc dich thyc hiin viSc DH. Mgc dhh da vi$c dpt du hdi li di Idi cuin stf ehCi y, giy htfng thtf, tdm tit nhtfng diim chinh, long ghip, tich hpp Min thtfc cua nhiiu min hpc, khiu gpi stf tham gia, tim tdi da HS. dinh gii kit qui da HS...
Oe vl$c d i t c i u hdi chit lupng v i h i i u q u i , GV d n : - Biit sopn du hdi. Sogn c i u hdi dupe t i l n h i n h khi thilt k l b i i hpe. TQy
Theo ndi dung b i i hpe, d n sogn bdn hay n i m e i u hdi chlnh (tQ c i e c i u hdi chfnh, khi ISn ldp G V phit triln thinh h | thing c i e e i u txii phy). Sogn nhQng c i u hdi chinh cd tac dyng iam cho GV dgy hpc d l d i n g , d i t i p trung v i o nl>i dung v i hUdng v l myc t i i u khi ISn Idp. Khi sogn c i u hdi, GV c i n IUu 9 nhQng d i l m sau:
+ C i u hdi d n phu hpp vdi mye friu b i i hpc, liSn quan d i n t i i n trinh b i i hpc.
+ C i u hdi p h i i d l h i l u , phQ hyp vdi trinh dp HS.
+ C i n s i p x i p c i u hdi tQ d l d i n khd, tQ nhQng cau hdi ddi hdi mQc dp nhgn thQc t h i p d i n mQc dp cao.
• Biit dd dit du hdi.
Khi d i t c i u hdi, GV d n luu y:
-^ oat c i u hdi vdi mdt t h i i dd khuyin khich t r i ldi.
+ Oua ra nhQng d u hdi trQc t i l p vdi t i t d HS v i c i u hdi eho mdt HS.
+ P h i n p h l l d i u cau hdi trong Idp, trinh t i p trung v i o mdt s l HS k h i . gidi v i khdng hdi HS y i u .
+ DQng Igi sau khi d i t c i u hdi d l HS cd thdi gian suy nghT v i kiSn nhSn ehd dpi c i u t r i ldi cua HS vdi t h i i dp khuyin khich.. ("Em n i o ed y kien, h i y mgnh dgn t r i Idi nio?)
+ M i l l i n chl d i t ra m^t c i u hdi.
Z1.4.B&du8ngldninglVBdpnvisCrdtfngcicphutaig lOiip DH theo hudng tich hpp
Khdng ed phUdng p h i p riing n i o d i n h eho v i i c thye hi^n DH c i c n i l dung hay b i i hpc tlch hpp, m i nd dupe tlch hpp v i o c i c PPDH b$ mdn. Tuy nhlin, tuy vSo npi dung tlch hpp ey t h l , d t h l n h i n mgnh tdi mSt sd phUdng phap cd nhilu uu t h l khi DH theo hUdng nay.
' Phuang phip hdi- dip
D i y l i phUdng p h i p d i i thogi giQa GV va HS dya trSn mdt h§ thing e i u hdi. SQ dyng phUdng p h i p nay n h i m l i m cho HS h i l u v l mpt v l n d l n i o dd d n cd sy tu duy mdt c i c h s i u s i c , ho$c tim ra m i t lien h i giQa nhQng k i l n thQc cua nhilu mdn hpc m i HS d i dUpc trang bj.
Khi DH nhQng npi dung tlch hpp, GV cd t h l dua ra c i c c i u hdi-
- S i ra sao n i u nha mpi ngudi trong cdng ddng cua ChQng ta mpi ngudi khdng thUdng ySu nhau? ( D l t r i ldi sau hdi n i y , HS p h i i tlch hpp k i l n thQc eua c i c mdn g i i o
dyc cdng d i n , mdn dia ly, mdn vin...)
- O l giQ gin v i sinh mdi trudng phdng trinh tai ngn thuong tieh, mdi HS phai l i m g i ' (HS tich hpp k i l n thQc cQacae mdn giao dyc cdng dan, mdn d|a ly, ...dl tra ldi cau hdi nay.)
TrSn cd sd nhQng e i u hdi dd, kich thfeh sy suy nghT cua HS, sy quan t i m cua e i e em v l c i c ndi dung tich hpp, d i n g thdi l i cd hdi d l GV khie s i u nhQng k i l n thQc d n thiet eua b i i hpc.
* Phadng phap t h i o l u i n
- SQ dyng phUdng phap n i y h i thing c i u hdi p h i i khd, ddi hdi cd tinh tgp t h l . O l g i i i quylt c i c v i n d l cd liSn quan d i n not dung bao vS mdi trudng.
Glio viSn: cd t h l tien hanh theo c i e bade sau;
- Budc 1: Giio v i i n ra hgn thdi gian.
- Budc 2: Hpe smh thio l u i n (theo nhdm hoac b i n ) - BUde 3. Glio viSn sQ dyng philu hpc t i p . - BUde 4: Phin cdng nhdm trudng.
- Budc 5: Cho dgi d i i n c i e nhdm b i o cao k i t q u i v i cho c i c nhdm nhan x i t cho nhau.
- BUde 6: Giao vien tong hpp eae y kien va chuan k i l n thQc, khen thudng c i e nhdm l i m t i t .
Vf dy b i i 14 giio dyc cdng d i n Idp 7, sau khi t h i o l u i n nhdm hpc sinh p h i i n i m b i t dupc eie b i i n p h i p b i o vS mdi trUdng
- Khdng x i cac chit dde hgi v i o nguon nudc d l b i o vS ngudn nude phdng tranh b| ngd ddc do nadc b; d nhiem
- Khdng sQ dyng qua mQc c i c chit b i o q u i n thyc v i t d l phdng trinh ngp dpc cho ngudi, gia sue
- SQ dyng c i c nguyin liSu sgch d l b i o vS an t o i n cho mdi frudng v i b i n t h i n
* Phuang phdp thtfc hanh
Thyc h i n h l i phudng phip v i n dyng nhQng k i l n thQc, kT n i n g m i HS da dapc trang bj nhim giai quylt mdt van d l hoac mpt cdng viSc nao dd do mon hpc dat ra.
PhUOng phip thyc hanh t h l hiSn rd nang luc s i n g tgo v i sy t i n g hpp. k i t hpp k i l n thQc eua nhilu mdn hpe. VI t h l eae ySu d u eua bai tgp thyc hinh khdng chl bd hgp sy h i l u bilt eua mdt s l mdn hpc nhit dmh ma d n cd sy p h l i hpp, t i n g hpp kiln thQc. kTning cCia nhilu mdn hpc khic nhau.
Vi dy: B i i 14: Thyc hiSn trgt ty an t o i n giao thdng (giio dyc cdng d i n ldp 6)
- Giio viSn sQ dyng c i c hinh i n h ve c i c b i l n b i o theo quy djnh luit an t o i n giao thdng, vi^c sil dyng tranh anh ed npi dung v l an t o i n giao thdng thdng qua dd giup hpc sinh ed the d i d i n g n h i n b i l t dUpe c i c logi b i l n b i o giao thdng CO b i n , khi tham gia giao thdng phai t u i n thQ theo tfn h i i u cQa d i n , b i l n b i o va h i i u tinh eua ngadi d i l u khiln giao thdng
- CQng vdl nhQng bQc tranh s i c h giio khoa, trong khi dgy tlch hpp n$i dung giio dye mdi trudng an t o i n vdi c i c mdn hpc, giao vien n i n sQ dyng nhQng anh minh hog cd ndi dung phu hpp va sap x i p theo tQng chCi d l . D i e biet sQ dyng may chilu dUa nhQng hinh i n h sdi ddng h o i c nhQng dogn phim ndi v l d c chu d l an t o i n giao thdng hign nay.
- Khi hudng dan hpe sinh quan s i t , trade h i t g i i o viSn can x i e dmh mye dich, yeu d u cilia viSc quan s i t tranh.
Sau dd, ySu c i u hpc sinh nSu tSn cua bQc tranh h o i c dogn
36 Bb i a l i f e i :
-i> ',v ;:>••":5as*' --^r-'; ,^^.i^^^*^^ so 11-2014 DffHlvf^.
phim de x i e dinh xem bQc tranh dd t h l hiSn h i i n tupng gl, v i n de gl, d d i u va md t i h i i n tupng. C u l i cQng giao viSn gpi y- hpc smh nSu nguySn n h i n v i h i u qua cua hiin tUpng.
- Hpe sinh t h i o Iuln va dua ra k i t qua, giao vien nhgn xet bd sung.
- Nhu vSy, khi sQ dyng tranh anh, giao viSn d n ehuin bi nhQng cau hdi hudng d i n hpc smh khai thac ndi dung d n dupe t h l h i i n trSn bQc tranh, anh v i nhQng c i u hdi ySu d u hpc smh v i n dyng nhQng kiln thQc d i hpe d l g i i i thfeh c i c h i i n tupng dupc t h l hiSn t r i n bQc tranh, i n h .
* Phtfdng phip ddng vai
Ddng vai l i phUdng phip DH trong dd HS tham gia d i l n xuit bpt phit mdt v i n d l hay mdt tinh hulng cCia ndi dung hpc t i p m i khdng d n cd t i p luyin trudc. Qua trinh d i l n b i l n l i k i t q u i ciJa vigc t h l h i i n s i n g tgo nhQng c i m XUC d i l n xuat, d i n g thdi l i cd h^i d l HS t h l hiin tQc thdi nhQng tinh hudng thyc t l trong cude sing.
Ddng vai l i d i l u kiin d l tfch hpp ndi dung cua c i c mdn hpe khie nhau trong tlnh hulng ey t h l , Vi v i y tlnh hdng dua ra d l thye hien phuong phip n i y phai l i tlnh hudng s i u sac ve mdt v i n d l m i cac em quan s i t dapc, t i l p thu dapc thdng qua ndi dung cac mdn hpc hoic thdng qua c i c h Qng xQ cua chfnh c i c bgn cung Idp trade mdt tinh hulng dupe d i t ra.
Vf dy: Bai tdn trpng kl luit ( giao dyc cdng d i n Idp 6) Giio vien ed t h l dua ra kich b i n cho 2 em dien - 1 em ddng vai fri cd hanh vi m i t t r i t ty ndi cdng edng, em n i y nghTvl mdt tlnh hulng nao dd vl dy em ngit hoa va b l canh d cdng vien va cd hanh vi hon l i o vdl n h i n VlSn b i o v S
- 1 em ddng vai ngudi tu v l n , em n i y nghTvl c i c each giii quylt khi bgn cd hinh vi tren
Thdng qua c i c vai ddng, HS Ilng ghip kiln thQc cCia nhilu mdn hpc (Giio dyc d n g d i n , Dia II,..} trong viSe giai quylt cic tinh hudng cy t h l .
2.1.5. Boi dudng kining dinh gii du tri Idl cda HS vi hUHaig din HS dinh gii
Dinh g i i k i t q u i hpc t i p ta qua frinh thu thip v i sQ ly thdng tin v l trinh dd v i k h i n i n g thyc hiSn cae myc tiSu hpc t i p cua HS, ve t i e ddng va nguyen nhan ciHa tinh hinh dd nhim tgo ra cd sd cho nhQng quylt djnh sU phgm ctJa GV v i n h i trudng, cho ban thin HS d l q u i trinh hpe tap ngiy c i n g t i l n bd hdn.
Dinh gia cd nhilu d p dp khac nhau. B.S.Btoom va c i e d n g sy cua dng d i x i y dyng tQng d p dd cua cic mye tiSu GD, thadng dapc gpi la deh phin loai Bloom, trong dd ITnh vyc nhSn thQc dupc chia thinh cic mQc dd hinh vi tQ ddn g i i n d i n phQc tgp nhu sau: Biet, h i l u , i p dyng, phan tfch, tdng hpp, d i n h g i i .
Cac cdng cy d i n h gia d i u phii giup x i e dinh dupc k i t q u i hpc tap d nhQng d p dd nSu trSn de d t h l dUa ra m^t nhSn dinh chlnh x i e v l ning Iyc cQa ngudi dupe d i n h g i i . Dd'i vdi HS trung hpc cd sd d nhilu hinh thQc d i n h g i i , nhung trong phgm vi dS t i i , chung tdi chl nghiSng ve vigc dinh gii dc du tti Idl cua HS vi kining hudng din HS ttf dinh gii.
Oinh g i i eic c i u t r i Idi cua HS d t i c dyng quan trpng d l i vdi v i i c ning cao hiiu q u i ciia b i i hpc. Khi n h i n xit, d i n h g i i GV cd t h l b l sung, cy t h l hda. l i m chfnh xac
nhQng hilu biit cQa HS.
Khi d i n h gia, GV d n xac n h i n mdt eich rd ring nhOng d u t r i Idi dQng, cd t h l x i e nhin, khdng dung ngdn ngQ mi thqng qua digu b|,cQ chf (git dau, mim cadi..); nhan x i t va u l n nkn mdt c i c h c i n ke nhQng d u t r i ldi thilu hoac sai, d i n g thdi hudng d i n HS ty tim ra nhQng c h l sai hoic thilu, Khie vdl c i c h DH truyin thing, chf cd GV mdi l i ngudi d i t c i u hdi. DH theo tinh t h i n d l i mdi, GV d i t c i u hii nhung d i n g thdi eung khuyin khich HS d i t c i u hdi. D l thyc
hiSn t i t ySu d u niy, d n : i -f Sau mpt ndi dung hay mdt p h i n b i i hpe, hoac sau eiu
t r i Idi ciia mdt HS, GV dQng Igi v i khuyin khich bing cic d u hdi: "Em n i o ed y k i l n v l v i n d& n i y nOa khdng ?•
"Bgn n i o cd c i u hdi v l p h i n n i y khdng n i o ?".
+ Khuyen khfch HS hdi l l n nhau. "Hpc thiy khdng tiy hpe bgn", vdl d c h n i y HS t i l p n h i n dydc nhilu nguin thdng tin tQ bgn b i chQ khdng phai chl l i nguin thdng tin duy nhit ta GV.
+ T i i p nhin v i giii d i p c i c c i u hdi cua HS ngoii gid ISn Idp vdl thai dd vui vS, khuyin khich.
+ Tra ldi c i c cau hdi cua HS mpt c i c h nhigt tinh, c i n kS.
III. U\ lu^n
Ket q u i d i l u tra v l nhu d u b l i dudng cQa giio viSn trung hpc pho thdng hiSn nay d c i c trudng l i r i t Idn v l dgy hpc tich hpp ndi chung v i giio dye mSi trudng an toin- phdng trinh tai ngn ndi riSng. Trong khi dd sd giio viSn dupc b l i dadng thudng xuySn r i t It. Chlnh vl v i y d n c6 nhQng chUdng trInh bdi dadng v l kien thQc cd b i n v l dgy tlch hpp v i c i c chO d l di s i u v i o phUdng p h i p tlch hpp cic n|i dung giio dyc nhU mdi tnidng an t o i n - phdng trinh tai ngn thUdng tfch vd cung quan trpng ddi vdi giio viSn trung hpc cd sd nhim ning cao n i n g lye n g h i cho giio viSn cQng nhu nang iyc dgy hpc tich hpp d l d i p Qng vdi sy d l i mdi d n b i n v i toin diin cua nginh giio dyc nUde n h i .
Tdi ll$u tham khdo
1. Dio Thj Hing (2M5). Phit Iriin kining dpy hgc theo huOng lieh htfp d tn/dng tiiu hgc, dip tfng yiu du dii mdi glio dgc Bio cio ting kit d l til elp bp. Ma s l B2005-75-130.
2.TI&nBaHohn\^{^993). Xiy dtfng cht/anglrlnhgiiodgceho mgi ngudi trong dng ddng vi viSe dii mdi dio Ipo glio viin khoe hgc. Thdng tin Khoa hpc giio dye s l 36 (1993).
3. CaoJh\J\\&ng {2009). Xiy dtfng ChO di thh hpp iiin min vk thtf nghiim theo phUang phip dpy hgc dtf ind IrUdng THCS Ihtfc nghiem Vi'in KHGD Vipl Nam. Bko cio ting kit d l tii V2009-11
4. NguySn Minh PhUdng, Cao Thj Thgng (2001). Thtf nghiim biin soan tii liiu Ihh hpp mdn Khoa hgc itf nhiin vi khoa hgc xi hdi d/nASngi THCS. BaociofiSng k i t d i a l d p Bd, H i n d i 2001.
5. CaoTh\Jh^n9(20U). Vin dgng quan diim tid h<^ ttong viic phit tnin dUdng ttid Giio dgc phi thdng- Bao cao ting kit d l t i i cip Bd - ViSn KHGDVN. 2011.
