SUY NGHI VE Vj THE CUA PHONG TRAO TAP THE HOA NONG NGHIEP MIEN BAG TRONG THOI KY CHONG MY, ClJfU NlTCTC (1954-1975) *>
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hong trfio tfip t h l hda san xufi't ndng nghiep d miln Bfic dflpc phat ddng tfl nfim 1958 vfi k i t thuc 3 nam cai tao xa hdi chu nghia (1958-1960), ve cd ban phong trao hpp tfic hda ndng nghidp da thfinh cdng vdi khoang 75% ndng dan vfio lam an tap thl.Tfl md'c khdi dilm nfim 1958 d i n nam 1988 - nfim thiic h i l n Khodn 10, phong trfio san xufi't tfip thd trong cac hdp tac xa trai qua nhflng giai doan thang t r i m khfie nhau nhau va md hinh hdp tac xa ndng nghidp hidn tai khac vdi md hinh trflde thdi ky Ddi mdi.
Tuy nhidn tfl nfim khdi d l u xfiy dUng den nfim 1975, phong trao hdp tac hda ndng nghilp ton tai 5 m i l n Bfic la giai doan cd nhflng dac diem khac thdi ky sau, trong dd cd t h l phfin chia t h a n h 2 thdi ky nhd lfi Xay dflng hdp tac hda ndng nghidp trong thdi binh (1954-1964) vfi 10 nfim sau trong thdi chie'n (1965-1975).
Du hai thdi gian trdn khac nhau, nhflng xdt v l npi dung cd ban cua lich sii xay dflng hpp tac xa ndng nghidp ndi rieng va cdng cupc xay dflng chu nghia xfi hdi d miln Bac ndi chung, ludn lfi bd phfin cdt ldi, xuyen suot chfing dfldng cho'ng My, cflu nfldc cua dfin tdc.
Du dudi finh sang ddi mdi da chi ra cac yd'u to" bfi't cfip trong xay dflng hdp tfic xfi nong nghidp ciia m i l n Bfic thdi dd - nhfi't lfi cd che' quan li san xufi't vfi md hinh cua nd, song khdng vi thd' ma phu nhan vai trd to ldn cua nd trong bdi canh lich sfl vfla xfiy dUng m i l n Bfic, vfla dfi'u tranh chd'ng dd' qud'c My va tay sai d miln Nam de di d i n thd'ng nha't nfldc nhfi.
Bfii vid't nfiy chi d l cfip mdt so'khia canh v l vai trd, vi tri cua phong trfio hdp tfic xa ndng nghidp dd'i vdi sfl nghidp khfing chiln chdng My, cflu nUdc vi dai ciia nhfin dfin Vidt Nam (1954-1975).
Trong quan nidm cua mpt so ngfldi khi danh gia v l phong trfio hdp tac xa ndng nghidp d miln Bfic thdi k^ nfiy, hp cho rfing n l u khdng cd phong trao dd, sfl nghidp giai phdng dan tdc vfin di tdi tofin thang. Cd the n l u nhflng y k i l n cua cac nhfin dinh nay thfinh 2 nhdm sau:
Nhom y kiin thii nhd't cho rang, trong lich s{( t r u y i n thd'ng hang ngan nfim dfi'u tranh bao vd To qudc, dan tdc Viet Nam ludn phai ddi phd vdi ke thu manh hdn nhilu lan, du d thdi ky dd, chfla cd hpp tfic xa ndng nghidp, nhflng nhfin dfin Vidt Nam
• PGS.TS. Khoa Lich sfl - Trudng DHKHXH&NV - DHQGHN
Rghien curu Lich s^. sg 5.2015 vfin bao ve dfldc dpc lap dan tpc. Vi du thdi
Tran, chd'ng d l qud'c Nguydn - Mdng, ke thu hung manh lfi vay, va gan nhfi't la thdi ky chong thflc dan Phap (1945-1954), luc fi'y lfim gi da cd lam dn tap the, song dan tdc Viet Nam vfin lfim trdn sfl menh bao ve ddc lfip qudc gia cua minh.
Nhom y kie'n thit 2, it gay gfit hdn, khdng phu nhfin trflc tid'p ve vai trd cua hdp tfic xa ndng nghidp trong tie'n trinh chdng My, cflu nfldc, song cho rang, vi mien Bac trflc tilp khfing chidn chdng My, cflu nudc tfl nam 1964 trd di, nghia la khi phong trao hpp tfic xa ndng nghidp da xay dung dfldc 8 nfim rdi; va chfing hpp tfic xa ndng nghiep lfi vfi'n d l kinh te' nfim trong pham vi xay di^ng chii nghia xfi hdi cua mien Bfic vfi tid'n trinh tfip the hda fi'y "tinh cd" bi cudc khfing chie'n chdng My, cflu nUdc chi phd'i trong thdi ky Hoa Ki dfla quan vidn chinh vfio miln Nam vfi dfinh pha mien Bfic quye't het (1965-1975). Do dd, nhflng ddng gdp nfio dd cua hpp tac xa vdi sfl nghidp cfich mging bao vd vfi giai phdng dan tdc chi phan finh tinh tich cflc trong thd' bi ddng mfi thdi!
Can khang dinh rang, nhdm y kiln thfl nhfi't dung gia thuyet (nd'u khdng cd san xufi't tfip the...) de phii nhfin thuc te'lich sii dfi xay ra, la cflc ky phi ly, phi Hch sii.
Nghidm tuc ma ndi, dd lfi y kid'n it tdn trpng sfl thfit lich sii. Va lai, khdng ai cho rfing hdp tac xa san xufi't ndng nghiep cd vai trd duy nhfi't quye't dinh thfing ldi cua cudc khfing chie'n. Vdi nhdm y kie'n thfl hai, chung ta c^n luu y rfing ngay trong nhflng van ban d i u tidn cua Dang v l chu trfldng, muc tidu xay dflng hpp tac xa, da neu ro xay dung hdp tfic xa san xufi't ndng nghilp la gdp phfin dfi'u tranh thdng nhfi't nfldc nhfi (1). Cdn ndng dan miln Bfic - xa vidn hdp tac xa trflc tid'p chdng My, cflu nfldc d thdi diem nfio lai lfi vfi'n de khac.
Quay lai vfi'n de vi tri, vai trd cua phong trao hdp tac hda ndng nghilp trong su nghiep chdng My, eflu nfldc, cd mfi'y noi dung sau:
1. Hpfp tac xa nong nghidp tao dilu kien on dinh chinh tri - xa hoi mien Bac
Sau thang 7-1954, cdng tac on dinh chinh tri, gifl vflng an ninh xa hdi d miln Bfic cd y nghia sd'ng cdn ddi vdi cdng cuoc cfich mang ciia ca nfldc. O vung thfinh thi ddng due dfin cfl cung nhfl d vung ndng thdn rdng ldn, nhflng thd' lfle cho'ng ddi cfich mang vfin hoat ddng liic cdng khai, liic ngfi'm ngam. Trong hfing v^n tan binh vfi cac the Iflc phan ddng khfie khdng it ke chfla tinh ngd, sfin sang tid'p tay cho thlli^c bdn ngofii phfi hoai m i l n Bac. Vdi phfldng tidn boat ddng tdi tfin cua Iflc Ifldng gifin diep, biet kich do Hoa Ki dfio t^o, ludn nham vfio chd'ng phfi nfldc Vidt Nam Dan chu Cdng hda, thi chfic ch^n nd'u miln Bfic khdng on dinh, vflng manh thi boat dpng cua cfic Iflc Ifldng tren d dd thi vfi vung ddng bang vfio nam 1956, vung rflng niii phia Bfic sud't tfl nam 1959 dd'n t^n nfim 1961... da thanh nhflng biln co lich sii...
Dac bilt tfl dau thap ki 1960, nd'u qufin dan m i l n Bfic khdng canh gific, chinh tri xfi hoi khdng d'n dinh, thi cudc chie'n tranh pha hoai nhieu mfit ciia ke thfl, d^c bilt cua li^c Iflpng bidt kich, gian diep se gay nhflng h^u qua khdn ludng tai hfiu phfldng ciia cufic khang chid'n chong My, cflu nfldc.
Nhan thflc sdm y nghia dd, sau nfim 1954, cdng tfie xfiy dflng an ninh trfit tfl o mien Bfic ludn dfldc cung co. Trdn pham vi m i l n Bac, viec cung co an ninh chinh tri vfi trat tu xa hdi d vung ndng thdn cd vi tri chid'n Ifldc vd ciing quan trpng. Bdi vi trflde hd't, dan so ndng thdn vfio thdi gian nay chie'm trdn 90% td'ng dan so miln Bfic (2).
Dfic bidt vung riing mii phia Bfic cd dfin cfl thfla thdt (cd ndi 13 ngfldi/km^, ddi sdng
Buy nghi vi vj thg ciin phong trao tap the hda..
cua cfl dan d day cdn lac hfiu (mdt K do de cac thd' lfle p h a n ddng gay phi trong nhflng nam niia sau thap ki 1950). Hdn nfla, dfldng bidn gidi trdn b i l n vfi dfi't lien cua miln Bfic rfi't dfii, nd'u chi rieng Iflc lUdng Vli trang mien Bac se khdng t h l kilm soat chat che dupc tuye'n dfldng bidn dai hfing ngfin cay so', do dd sfl tham nhfip cua Iflc Ifldng bidt kich, gifin diep vao dfi't liln khdng phai qufi khd khfin.
Nhin lai qua trinh chi dao cdng tac xay dflng hdp tac xa san xufi't ndng nghiep ndi ridng va cdng tfic xay dflng miln Bfic ndi chung, tfl nfim 1958 trd di, cdng tfic cung co hpp tfic xa ludn lfi vfi'n d l trpng tam hfing d i u trong nhiem vu xay dflng ndng thdn mdi cua Dang vfi Nha nUdc. Thflc chfi't cdng tac quan II hdp tfic xa lfi quan li ndng thdn. Chi tinh trong thdi ky d i u xay dflng hdp tfic xa san xufi't ndng nghidp (1958-1964) da cd hfing trfim chi thi, thdng tfl, cdng vfin ciia Dang, chinh quyln cfic cfi'p vfi cfic cfi'p bd, ngfinh lidn quan v l ndi dung tfing cudng quan h' hdp tac xa san xufi't ndng nghidp (3).
Do dieu kien chu quan vfi khfich quan ndn hdp tac xfi ndng nghidp tfl mdt ddn vi san xufi't kinh td' trd thanh mdt khu vflc cd vi thd' nhfl d|a ban hfinh chinh. Mpi cdng vide lidn quan dd'n xay dflng, bao vd dia phfldng, san xua't hay qud'c phdng... nhfl thanh nien tdng quan, dilu ddng dan qufin hda tuyen, chinh sach hfiu phfldng quan dpi, xfiy dung Iflc Ifldng dan quan, xfiy dflng trfldng ldp, benh xfi, dfldng sa giao thdng...
dlu cd si^ t h a m gia chi dao, dilu hfinh vdi tfl cfich nhfl la nhan td' quyd't dinh ciia Ban quan tri hpp tfic xa san xufi't ndng nghidp.
Bdi vi lfi ddn vi nam cd sd vfit chfi't trong tay, ndn cac boat ddng tren d l u Ifi'y nhan luc vfi vd'n tfl hpp tac xa san xufi't ndng nghilp. Vi le dd, cd t h l ndi d thdi ky fi'y, vi tri ciia Chii nhidm hdp tac xa khdng kem vi
tri Chu tich Uy ban Nhfin dan, nd'u khdng ndi cd p h i n nang can hdn.
Vide quan ly lao dpng trong cfic hpp tac xa rfi't chat che vfi ciing vdi chinh sach bao cfi'p, phan phd'i Ifldng thflc trong thdi chiln da cd tfic dung dinh hudng hda tfl tfldng moi nhfi, loai trfl dupc tinh vu ldi cua ndng dan cfi thd - cai mfi the' Iflc chd'ng ddi cd t h l ldi dung. Lao ddng tfip the theo td' dpi vfi thfldng xuyen hpi hpp ciing cdng tfic quan li hd khfiu - lao ddng chat che trong cac hdp tac xfi da gdp phan triet tieu mdi trfldng boat dpng cua luc lupng gian di$p bidt kich cua Hoa Ki vfi chinh quyln Sfii Gdn tung ra miln Bfic. Sinh boat, san xufi't (vfi nhilu hdp tac xfi fin trfla tap thd) chung - dilu chfla bao gid cd trong lich sfl Viet Nam, lai thfi'm nhuan tfl tfldng "3 khdng", ndn mpi thdng tin dd'n, qua dfl lufin dfim dao, de trflde khi cd t h l lot ra ngofii, la ddn tuye'n, mdt chilu ndn bao dam an tofin, bi mfit tdi da cho dia phUdng va qud'c gia, Nd'u khac di, fit phai tra gia. Bdi trong nhflng nam 1960, 1970, cd hfing ngfin cd quan, xi nghidp, trfldng hpc, kho tfing, cd quan qud'c phdng cCia cac cfi'p sd tfin ve cfic vung qud vfi hfing chuc van can bd, cdng nhfin vidn chflc, hpc sinh, Iflc Ifldng vu trang v l ddng tru d dia bfin ndng thdn. Dd lfi nhflng dd'i tflpng chu yd'u danh phfi trong chie'n tranh pha hoai cua dich. Vdi phfldng tien thdng tin, do tham hien dai, vdi cac toan bidt kich, ngfldi nhai, gian diep cd trinh dd nghiep vu cao cua ddi phfldng, neu cac thdng tin trdn Ipt thfi'u ra ngofii, thi khd Ifldng hd't ton thfi't cho Iflc Ifldng cfich mang.
Chinh hpp tac xa ndng nghiep cd tfic dung nhfl mdt tfi'm Ifldi an toan, ddng vai trd nhfl hiep hdi quan chung, lai cd chflc nang nhfl mdt to chflc hfinh chinb cd hieu qua, gdp p h i n quyd't dinh dam bao an ninh chinh tri vfi trfit tfl xa hdi cho sfl nghiep
Rghien cihi L i ^ sfl-. stf 5.20^
cfich mang trong thdi ky chong My, cflu nfldc khd khfin, quye't lidt.
Tfl thflc trang cudc sdng xa hdi ndng thdn hdm nay, nhin lai thdi ky fi'y, du luc dd hfin cdn n h i l u khiem khuyet, nhflng phai ndi rang thdn xdm thdi dd binh yen, trfit tfl xa hdi tdt vfi trong thdi ky khd khfin nhfi't lai cd phan tdt hdn hien tai. Ddi sdng vfit chfi't cua ndng dfin hdm nay khfi hdn trflde bpi phin, nhflng te nan xfi hdi tang gfi'p bdi va nhieu nep sd'ng tdt dep cd phan dang mai mdt.
2. Hdp t a c xa s a n xua't n o n g n g h i e p - tnot y e u t o q u y e t d i n h x a y diing t h a n h cong h a u phi<<fng ldn m i e n B a c
Nhfl chung ta da biet, miln Bfic cd vai trd quye't dinh d^i vdi cfich mang ca nUdc.
Trong 21 nfim chdng My, cflu nfldc, cfl m5i l i n gap t h i thfich gay go, miln Bac cfing the hien vai trd hfiu phUdng bfi't kha xfim pham cua minh.
Sflc manh chi vipn cho tid'n tuyen bao gdm ddng gdp cua tfi't ca cfic dia phUdng, khu vUc. Nhflng Iflc Ifldng ddng dao nhfi't, de'n hang trieu ngfldi, lfi xfi vien hpp tfic xa san xufi't ndng nghidp thoat ly san xufi't ldn dudng chid'n dfi'u. Trong khi dd d lai hau phfldng cd hang tridu ngfldi tham gia chid'n dfi'u hoac phuc vu chid'n dfi'u d ban, thdn.
Chinh phong trfio san xufi't tfip the' cho phdp huy dpng nhfin Iflc nhanh nhfi't. Hpp tfic xa la nhfin td' thflc hien nhanh nhfi't khau hidu 'Thdc khdng thid'u 1 can, qufin khdng thieu 1 ngfldi" theo yeu ciu khan trfldng ciia mat trfin. Khdng ai nghi ngd gi ve tinh t h i n yeu nudc cua ndng dan Viet Nam mfi cudc khfing chid'n than thanh chd'ng thflc dan Phfip (1945-1954) da chflng minh dieu dd. Song, trong khfing chie'n chdng My, thfit khd hinh dung cfic ndng hp ridng lam fin rieng le se giai quyet nhfl t h l nfio nd'u tfi't ca luc Ifldng lao dpng tre, khde-
nhflng ngfldi chuyen lam khau nfing n l nhfi't ciia n g h i ndng nhfl cfiy, bfla, thu hoach... dot xufi't vfing mfit trong san xufi't vi len dfldng nhfip ngu. That khd hinh dung dflpc "hu gao nudi quan" cua cac gia tfinh trong khfing chie'n choiig Phap, nay cin vdi nhu c i u ldn gfi'p bdi, phai huy ddng hfing ngan, van tfi'n trong thdi gian ci^c ngfin de dfip flng ydu c i u dot xufi't cua chid'n trfldng.
Chinh hdp tac xa vdi tfl cfich lfi ddn vi san xufi't (khdng phai hp gia dinh) vfi chinh kho thdc chung cua nd da nhan tinh t h i n yeu nfldc cua cac hd ndng dan ridng le thanh mdt khdi ldn, d t u the thfldng trflc, dfing dap flng vd tfl, nhanh nhfi't, phuc vu chien dfi'u.
Tinh Uu viet ciia hpp tac xa san xufi't ndng nghiep trong thdi ky chd'ng My, cflu nfldc cdn the hidn qua ddng gdp trong cdng tac hfiu phfldng tai chd. Che dp xa hdi miln Bac, nhu c l Thu tfldng Pham Vfin Ddng tflng nhfin xdt "vflng nhfl bfin thach". Sfl vflng chac fi'y chfic chfin cd cd sd to ldn tfl mfit bang chinh tri - xa hdi d'n dinh cua miln Bfic nhfl dfi neu d p h i n trflde.
Trong nhflng n a m sa l i y d miln Nam, cd thdi gian dfii, toan bd qufin dpi vidn chinh ciia Hoa Ki vfi quan Sfii Gdn tfip trung giai quylt nhiem vu sd'ng cdn lfi binh dinh ndng thdn miln Nam. Trong khi dd, vfio luc cin thilt, miln Bfic cd t h l huy ddng gin nhfl tofin bd binh Iflc cua minh cho tiln tuyln.
Chinh phong trao hpp tfic xa san xufi't ndng nghidp da dat nen mdng vflng chfic cho cudc chid'n tranh nhan dan, t h i n thanh, lau dai vfi bao dam an tofin hfiu phfldng.
Ciing c i n ndi them rang, trdn 90% can bp, chiln sy trong lfle Ifldng vu trang cfich mang Viet Nam, chien dfi'u d miln Nam hay mien Bfic, deu xufi't phfit tfl dia bfin ndng thdn. NhQng ngUdi ndng dfin mfic fio linh nfiy cd tinh t h i n chid'n dfi'u ngoan
Suy nghT ve vi the <^a phong h-ao tflplh^ hda..
cfldng bdi hp cd hfiu phfldng diim hoc. Hdp tac xa san xufi't ndng nghidp thdi dd chinh la dia chi v l n i l m tin cua cac quan nhan ke trdn.
Hdp tfic xa ndng nghidp cdn t h l hidn vai trd nhfl mdt td' cflc cflu td' xfi hdi va dam bam td't dfldng ldi, chfnh sfich hfiu phUdng quan dpi. Da cd hang chuc van chid'n sy hy sinh, bi thfldng trong ching My, cflu nfldc vfi cd hang chuc van tre em, cu gia, ngfldi tan tfit khdng ndi nfldng tfla. Trfich nhidm cham lo cho doi tfldng tren lfi cua tofin Dang, tofin dan. Ve p h i n minh hdp tac xfi da ddng gdp to ldn ve tinh cam vfi vfit chfi't, cung cfi'p Ifldng thflc bao dam ddi sd'ng cho hfing chuc van gia dlnh. thudc didn chinh sach. Theo chinh sach thdi do, mdi chid'n sy di B dfldc nhfi nfldc trd cfi'p cho gia (finh 12 dong vfi gia dinh lidt sy dfldc chu cfi'p hfing thang. Song trong p h i n Ifldng thuc lai dflpc cung cfi'p tfl hdp tac xa san xua't ndng nghiep. Trong qua trinh chdrig chie'n tranh pha hoai m i l n Bac cua Hoa Ki, khi cac gia dinh bi td'n thfi't d l u dfldc hpp tac xa cflu trp kip thdi. Cd thd ndi, cdng tac hfiu phfldng qufin dpi d thdi kj^ dd lfim chu dfio, td't hdn thdi binh sau nay... Sau dd, trong mdt thdi gian dfii, dfldng nhfl ciing vdi khung hoang cua phong trfio san xufi't tap t h l , vfi'n d l tren cd p h i n bi lu md...
3. H d p t a c xa s a n xufi't n o n g n g h i e p - Mat trfin t a p t h l v a bd d d c h o c h i e n t r a n h n h a n d a n c h o n g c h i e n t r a n h p h a h o a i
Nhan dfin trong cfic Ifing ban, thdn xdm Viet Nam ndi chung vfi miln Bfic ndi ridng cd truyen thd'ng dofin ket, thUdng yeu dflm bpc Ifin nhau vfi mdi khi vfin nfldc lfim nguy, thi t r u y i n thd'ng fi'y, nhfl Chu tich Hd Chi Minh tflng ndi, da k i t thfinh Ifin sdng manh me. Cdng cudc khfing chie'n chd'ng My, cflu nfldc cua nhan dfin Viet Nam da
kiem chflng sau sac nh^n x i t fi'y cua Ngfldi.
Trong thdi ky giac My danh pha miln Bfic va dfla hang chuc van quan vao miln Nam, truyen thd'ng dfi'u tranh cua nhan dan Viet Nam cfing thd hidn sau sfic. Sflc manh ciia cpng ddng cd' k i t d vung ndng thdn dflpc khdi day, phfit huy ldn dinh cao trong md hinh cdng ddng tfip the mdi lfi hdp tfic xa san xufi't ndng nghidp. Hdp tac xa cd vfit cha't (nhfin luc, thdc gao...) cho cac nhan td' trdn phfit huy trdn sflc manh ciia cpng ddng cfl dan xdm Ifing. Tai cfic thdn, ban, cfic trung dpi dfin quan true chidn (A vfi B) d l u dfldc hpp tac xa ghi cdng, tinh diem, tra thdc. Khi dieu ddng nhfin luc di s i a chfla dfldng sfi, cdng su, cflu thfldng, tie'p te, khac phuc hfiu qua do dich bfin phfi, mpi ngfldi dfldc hfldng che' dp nhu di san xufi't.
Lfle Iflpng phdng khdng bao vd cfic dia phUdng khdng chi cd dfin quan - tflc lfi cfic xa vien cua hpp tac xa san xufi't ndng nghiep, mfi cdn cd Iflc Ifldng bp ddi, tfl vd.
Cfic Iflc Ifldng nfiy phd'i hdp chid'n dfi'u tgo nen he thd'ng phdng khdng nhfin dfin dfiy dfic, dfinh dich d mpi tflng cao vfi chien dfi'u khfip mpi vung. Trong t h l trfin fi'y, hdp tac xfi vfla ddng vai trd hfiu phfldng chu yd'u cho Iflc Ifldng dan quan dia phfldng, vfla chi viln nhfin luc, vfit chfi't cho Ifldi liia phong khdng trdn dia ban ndng thdn. Trong cudc chid'n dfi'u cam go, ac lilt, cdng vide dilu hfinh nhfin sU phai k h i n trfldng, du vfi kip thdi va nd se vd cung khd khfin nd'u huy ddng nhfin tfii vfit Iflc mfi khdng dua vfio san xufi't tfip the. Rfi't cd thd nd'u tinh hud'ng tren xay ra, trong dilu kidn lfim fin ridng le, cac hd sd cd p h i n ly tfim hay sao nhang nghia vu, trach nhidm cua minh trflde bom dan cua ke thu. Chinh cd che tfip trung ciia hdp tac xa dfi cho phep huy ddng nhanh Iflc Ifldng, tfip trung nhan Iflc xii ly nhflng tinh hud'ng dot xufi't ludn xay ra ma khdng ai Ifldng hd't trong thdi chie'n
50 Rghien cmi Lich SIS'. s6 5.2015 Hdp tfic xa san xua't ndng nghidp da gdp
p h i n hd't sflc quan trgng vfio thfing ldi cua cudc chien dfi'u, vfla chia I i a vdi miln Nam vfla bao vd m i l n Bfic. Chinh phong trfio tfip the da nudi dfldng vfi phfit huy truyin thdng dfinh giac, gifl Ifing cua cha dng trUdc kia, va true tie'p ma ndi, dfi nang cao truyin thd'ng cfich mang "mdi Ifing qud lfi mdt phao dfii", "nha ndng la chien sy" tflng tdn tai trong cudc khfing chid'n chdng thflc dfin Phfip.
Tdm lai, phong trfio hdp tac xa ndng nghidp, phong trfio san xufi't tfip the cua mien Bfic lfi mdt nhfin to cd ban gdp phan dfinh thang giac My xfim Ifldc, giai phdng miln Nam, du ban thfin phong trfio nfiy cd nhiSng ban c h l thid'u sdt, nhfi't lfi md hinh tfip t h l . Song nhflng han c h l fi'y chfla bdc Id hd't khilm khuylt ciia nd trong thdi ky chd'ng My, cflu nfldc. Bdi trong nfim thfing hfio hung dd, qui lufit ciia cupc chien tranh fii qud'c Vl dai dfi tao dilu kidn khfich quan CHU THICH
(*). Nghien ciiu dupc tfii trp b5i Quy Nafosted trong d^ tai Biln ehuyln xa hpi mien Nam, ma sS':
IVl.1-22012.11. Xin t r a n trong cam dn.
(1). Nghi quyfe't eua Hoi nghi Trung UOng Mn thii 16 (thang 4-1959) neu ro mot li do vi sao phai xfiy dung h ^ tfic xfi san xufi't nong nghiep: hdp tac xfi ndng nghidp thfing lpi se d i y manh sU nghiep thfl'ng nhfi't nU6c nhfi. Dang Cdng s i n Vi^t Nam:
Vdn kien Ddng, todn tap, tdp 20 (1959). Nxb.
Chinh tri Quoc gia. Hfi Noi, 2002, tr. 367.
(2). Tinh den ngfiy 1-3-1960, tofin mien Bfic co 19.900.000 ngudi, trong d6 nong dan ehilm 90,4%
dfin so. Theo Tong eye Thong kd. Sd'lieu thong ki (3 ndm cdi tgo kinh te, phdt triin vdn hoa cUa nUdc VNDCCH). Nxb. Su thfit, Hfi Ndi, 1970, tr. 70.
(3). Chi tinh trong nfim 1959-1960, ridng Ban Bi thu Trung Udng Dang da ed cac chi thi sau v l
thufin ldi phat huy tinh flu viet, mat manh cua phong trfio tfip the, ddng thdi chi phdi, kilm che khuyet t a t cua nd.
Dfit phong trfio san xufit tfip the trong khi the hfio hung cua cudc khfing chid'n ai qud'c vi dai Iuc dd, ngfldi xa vien san xufi't ndng nghidp tuy khdng cd ddng lfle kinh t l manh, nhflng cd ddng Iflc chinh tri sau sfic:
Mdi ngfldi lfim vide bang hai" vi miln Nam rudt thit. Hdp tfic xa san xufi't ndng nghidp da hun due, nfing cao tinh t h i n ydu nfldc qufit cfldng cua bfi con ndng dfin.
Ngfiy nay, md hinh hdp tac xfi nong nghidp da khfie thdi ky chdng My, cflu nfldc.
Mat khac boi canh qudc te, khu vflc ciing dang d^t ra nhieu va'n de trong cdng cupc xay dflng va bao ve Td qud'c. Chfic hfin nhieu bfii hpc trong viec xfiy dflng chd' dp mdi, con ngudi mdi ciia thdi ky ca dfin tpc cung dflng len chd'ng My, cflu nUdc vfin cdn nguydn gia tri cho sfl nghiep dd'i mdi, bao ve dpc l^p, chu quyln cua qudc gia dan tdc hien nay.
tfing cudng eung co, q u a n li hpp tac xa nong nghifp: Thang 8-1959, Chi thi 134TW ciing co cfic mfit yeu kdm cua hdp tae xa; Thang 9 nfim 1959, Hoi nghj Trung Udng b a n bidn phap cung co phong trfio san xufi't t a p t h l ; Thang 3-1960, Ban Bi thu ndu phiidng cham q u a n li h^p tac xa san xufi't ndng nghiep; T h a n g 4-1960, Ban Bi thil ra chi thj chi dao cfic dia phUdng gfin cung c6 h^p tac xfi vdi cai tien ki thufit, d^y m^nh san xufi't;
Thfing 6-1960, Ban bi thU neu phUdng chfim cho phong trfio san x u ^ t tfip the lfi ciing co h(;p tfic xfi san xufi't ndng nghidp la ctiinh; Thang 8-1960, Ban Bi thU n e u phUdng cham eung co h^p tfic xa san xufi't nong nghiep la "Ifiiy phfit trien lfi ehinh, k i t h^p ciing c6"; CuSi nfim 1960 Ban Bi thU ndu Ifi'y ciing c^ hdp tfic xa san xufi't ndng nghifp lfi chinh..,