Phong tuc CO truyen trong ngay Tet Mong Co

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Bui Thi Anh Van. Phong tuc cd truyin trong ngiry Tit Mdng Cd

Phong tuc CO truyen trong ngay Tet Mong Co

Bdi Thi Anh Van' Truong Dgi hgc Khoa hgcXa hoi vd Nhan van. Hd Noi

Ngdy nhgn bdi: 9/12/2019, ngdy gieiphdn bien- 10/12/2019. ngdy duyet dang. 10/01/2020

C

Ung gidng nhieu nu&c chdu A, Mdng Cd ddn Tit theo lich Am. Trong dip ddu nam m&i, ngudi dan bdn dia vdn diiy tri cdc phong tuc vd nhieu net vdn hoa truyin thdng. Bdi viit di cdp nhicng phong tuc ngdy tru&e Tet vd net van hoa trong ngdy Tet, nhu cdc phong tuc dem Giao thiea, udng trd siia, xudt hdnh ddu ndm, thdm nhd nhau chiic Tit vd nhung trang phuc truyin thdng cua nguai Mdng Co.

Tir khda: Mdng Cd, phong tyc, Tgt, van hda truyen thdng

Mff dau

Trgn thao nguygn bao la, ngudi dan Mdng Cd chao don nam mdi trong niem hy vpng. Cac nghi thiic cua ngay Tgt truyen thdng van tnrdng tdn ciing gid tuyet thao nguyen. Mdi boat ddng trong nhiing ngay dau nam dgu an chua nhiing gia trj van hda truygn thdng khac hpa dam da ban sac van hda cua cu dan du muc trdn thao nguygn Trung A.

Tsagaan Sar la Tet cd truyen ciia ngudi Mdng Cd. Day la mgt trong hai ngay tgt quan trgng nhat va dugc chd dgi nhat ciia ngudi dan thao nguygn^ "Tsagaan Sar" vigt theo tigng Mdng Cd la "L[araaH cap" - nghta den la "Trdng Trdng" (Bach Nguyet/White Moon). Cach dat ten nay mang nhigu y nghta. Nhieu ngudi cho rang, each dat tgn Tgt ciia ngudi dan ban dia chiu anh hudng bdi mdi trudng sdng toan tuyet trdng va thyc pham ciia hp - cac san pham noi tigng dgu lam tir siia. Ddng thdi, theo quan niem ciia ngudi dan du myc nai day, man trang ludn dem lai may mdn, sue khde va hanh phiic. Day la sdc mau chii dao trong trang phuc Tgt truygn thdng cita ngudi Mdng Cd. Ciing bdi le nay, ngay Tet - thdi diem khdi dau ciia mgt nam mdi, da dugc dat tgn la Trdng Trdng - mpt sy khdi dau tinh khiet va sach se.

Vdi lich sii hang nghin nam, Tsagaan Sar dugc xac djnh theo Am lich (ljch Mat trang). Ll ddn nam mdi dugc to chuc vao diing ngay trang non dau tign sau Ddng chi (thdi gian nay tuang ling cudi thang 1 hoac ddu thang 2 Duang ljch). Tsagaan Sar bao gom ba ngay ddu tign ciia thang Gieng - trimg vdi Tet Nguyen dan cua nhieu qu6e gia chau A (Trung Qu6c, Viet Nam va Trieu

' [email protected]

' Ng^y T6t con lai la Naadam, diln ra v^o thdng Bay - theo ljch Tay Tang.

Nghign Cliu An Dp v^ Chau A. S6 2 - 2020, tr.45-51

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Bill Thi Anli Van. Phong tijc cd truyin Irong ngdy Tet}^f}B^B- Tign). Cd sy triing hgp nay la vi ngudi Mdng Cd va Tay Tang tiep thu lieh cua ngudi Duy Ngd NhT, ma Duy Ngd NhT lai tilp thu ljch Trung Hoa (Ligeti Louis, 1984, p.344). Dii vay, ngudi dan Mdng Co ludn phii dinh ngay Tgt ciia hp dugc truygn ba tir Trung Quoc. Hg quan niem, vu tru dugc tao ra bdi sy Urcmg tac cua nam ylu td: sdt, ddt, lii'a, nudc va go vdi mau sdc tuang iing la trang, vang, dd, den va xanh. Nhiing quan niem trgn la co sd dl ngudi ban dia phat minh ra lich Tugsbuyant vao nam 1747. Day la mgt loai lich co sy ket hgp giua ly thuyit am duang va thuSt toan Am Ijch Hdi giao. Tir day, Tugsbuyant trd thanh ljch chfnh thirc cua ngudi dan xii sd thao nguygn. Mac dii cd tiep thu sang tao mgt sd ygu td van hda Trung Hoa, nhung ngay Tgt Tsagaan Sar van mang dam yeu td van hda tnjygn thdng ciia cu dan du myc.

Trudc each mang Dan chii (nam 1990), Chinh phii Mdng Cd dua ra nhigu bien phap ngan cam va cd gang thay the Tsagaan Sar bang mdt ngay le khae gpi la "Ngciy Muc ddn Tap the"

(Collective Herder's Day) (Marsh Peter, 2009, p.136). Sd dT cd boat ddng nay la do Nha nudc mudn ban che cai tdi va tfnh v | ky gia dinh ciia ngudi dan, nham hudng hp sdng vi cdng ddng hem. Ngoai ra, Chinh phii duang thdi cdn han che tuyen truygn hinh anh vg Thanh Cat Tu Han va khdng truygn ba chij vilt co, chi dimg ky tu Cyrillic ciia Nga. Tuy nhign, sau nam 1990, Tgt Tsagaan Sar va cac gia tri truygn thdng khac da dugc phuc hdi. Cd thg ndi, nhung phong tuc truygn thdng van ven nguygn trong tam thii'c ngudi dan thao nguygn. Ngay dau nam mdi hgi tu hdn thigng sdng niil cua dan tdc Mdng Cd. Bat chap mpi bign cd ljch sii, Tsagaan Sar van ludn chigm vj tri thieng lieng trong tam tbii'c mdi ngudi dan thao nguygn Trung A.

1. Phong tuc ngay triroc Tet l.L Hogt dgng chudn bi ddn Tet

Tuy td chiic theo ljch Am nhu nhieu nudc chau A, nhung dieu khien Tet cd truygn Mdng Cd c6 net dac sdc rigng la nhung phong tyc, tap quan deu mang dam mau sac van hda ban dja. Tir ngay 23 thang Chap, nhu'ng nghi thii'c ddn nam mdi da dugc thuc hien. Ngudi dan dpn dep nha cita, sau do thyc hien cac nghi thiic ciing te than lii'a. Theo quan niem ciia hg, day la vj than cd quygn luc tdi cao ngn nghi thii'c cung tg rat cau ky va long trgng. Trong mam ciing tg luon cd thjt de, khan ha-da mau trang, mo bd va rugu. VI la mam ciing than lii'a nen te pham cd thgm chfn ngpn den nhd vdi mong muon vi than nay se ban phiic cho mgi thanh vien trong gia dinh.

Trudc Tet mdt thang, cac gia dinh bat dau sii'a soan. Ngya va quan ao mdi la thir khdng thg thigu. Tgt cua ngudi Mdng Co thudng cd nbiing mam cd rat thjnh soan, ngn lugng do an truyen thong tru lanh rat Idn. Loai banh buuz truyen th6ng dugc tigu thu khdng khac gi banh chung cua ngudi Viet va dugc cac gia dinh chuan bj tdi hang nghin cai.

De ddn mdt nam mdi binh an, may man vdi nhii'ng khdi dau mdi tdt dep, ngudi Mdng C6 thudng thyc hien cac nghi Ihiic rica sgch ca thg xac idn tam hdn. Hg tam rii'a. Nha cira va chuong trai dugc dpn dep sach se. Ngudi dan diing siia ngya dg lam sach chen bat. NhiJng digu khdng may mdn, mpi mdi quan he bat hda dgu dugc hoa giai va quen di. Mgi khoan ng trong nam cu deu dugc thanh toan de ddn mdt nam mdi vdi nhieu dieu tdt dep ban.

Nghign Cliu An Dp va Chau A. S6 2 - 2020, tr.45-51 46

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Bill Thi Anh Van. Phong tuc cd truyin trong ngdy Tit Mdng Co 1.2. Bituun - thdi khdc chuyen giao thieng lieng cda dit trdi

Cung gidng Viet Nam, Tet truyen tbdng ciia Mong Cd thyc su bdt ddu tir dgm Giao thii'a.

Day la thdi digm chuygn giao giii'a nam cu va nam mdi nen ddi vdi hg, Giao thiia ia thdi khdc thieng ligng nhdt. Ngay cudi ciing ciia nam cu dugc gpi la Bituun (mongoIia-trips.com) - tieng Mong Cd nghia la "Hoi" (M)- Cac pha trang Am ljch ciia ngudi dan ban dja gom: Sdc (sfifl, ngay miing I), Huyen (ngay miing 8 va 23), Vpng ( H , ngay 15) va H6i (0§, ngay 30). Bituun cd nghta la "tdi thui" vl bau trdi trong dem nay rat tdi, khong cd anh sang ciia trang va sao. Ngoai ra, Bituun con cd nghta la "dong lai", vdi y nghta la thdi khdc dong lai mdt nam cii.

Nhung ngay cudi nam, cac ngdi nha deu phu tuyll trdng xda vdi cdt khdi tda ra nghi ngut day am ap. Tir xa xua, ngudi ban dia da lam leu mau trang de lan vao tuylt, tranh sy chii y cua thu dir. Trong xa hgi hien dai, tren nhiing trien ddi hoang vu, ngudi Mdng Cd van dyng nha leu mau trang theo truyen thdng, nhin nhu nhting cay nam, rat tha mdng.

Ll tat nign cua ngudi dan thao nguyen Trung A rat cau ky. Trgn ban thd td tign d mdi gia dinh hay ban thd tdc trudng cac bd tdc, ngn lien tuc dugc thap sang td' dgm Giao thira cho den hgt Tet. Cac ngdi chiia, den, mieu d dja phuong cung am ap bdi nhigu nggn ngn thap sang ca ngay lan dem. Viec thap nen d chiia the hien sy giac ngg vg luan hdi va chiing sinh, sy khai sang tir diic Phat.

Dem Giao thii'a, mgi nha deu thuc hien nghi thuc "rii'a sach" bang su'a ngya - mdt thii'c udng khdng the thieu trong cudc sdng ciia cu dan du muc thao nguygn. Ngay tii' chap tdi, tm'dc cu'a cac gia dinh Mdng Cd deu dat ba khdi bang da. Theo quan niem ciia hg, than Palden Lhamo (than Cat Tudng Thign Mau) se ghe qua mdi nha trong thdi khae chuyen giao nam cu va nam mdi. Do do, ba khdi bang nay la de cho ngya than udng khi ngai den tham.

Trong mam com cung chigu tat nign cua ngudi dan thao nguygn khong the thieu diii bd hoac dui cuu. Vao biia an, ngudi cao tudi cua gia dinh hay chii nha se ngoi ghg chinh. Thjt an xong, tiiy xuong dugc idy ra chia cho mpi ngudi. Trong qua trinh lay tiiy xuong, cac thanh vign ciia gia dinh se ddng thanh: "Hdy c&i bd hit su bi bdch, thii hdn, xich mich trong long; hay xoa di nhihig riii ro, khdng may mdn; hdy mang den su hanh thdng trgng ndm m&i" (Danh Biii, 2009). Bgn canh do, ngudi Mdng Cd cdn cd nghi thirc xua duoi ta ma bang each ndi lii'a ran banh. Hp quan niem, miii banh cung lira va khdi se khiln cho ma quy khdng dam ben mang, gay phign nhieu dau nam mdi.

Khi man dgm budng xudng, tuyet rai nhilu hon. Ngoai trdi ret tai te, nhung trong khdng khi doan vign cua mdi gia dinh lai vd ciing dm ap. Mpi ngudi sum vdy bgn gia dinh, nhung ngudi lang gilng than thilt va be ban. Hg ciing nang ly tien dua nam cu va chao ddn nam mdi. Cac gia dinh thudng thuc nhdng mdn an truyin thdng cbl biln tii' ba sua va banh buuz huyin thoai. Hg an udng no say de khdng cdn ban khoan bj ddi trong nam mdi. Ngudi Mdng Co tin rang, nlu ddn Tit vdi cai bung no dii thi hg se cd mdt nam mdi luon giau sang va tot dep.

Nghien cim An Dp va Chau A. Sd 2 - 2020, tr.45-51

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Bui Thj Anh Van. Phong tuc cd truyin trong ngdy TilMdng_Cd_

Sau bira cam doan vien, mpi ngudi quay qudn bgn nhau, ciing vui cac trd chai. Thdtig thudng, hp hay danb bai vdi quan niem: ai thdng se cd mot nam may mdn. Dg chd ddn thdi khac Giao thii'a, ngudi Mdng Cd ciing nhau xem nhung tran ddu vat cd truyin dugc chilu trgn truygn hinh. Kbdng khi ddn nam mdi rat am ap va chan chiia tinh than.

2. Net van hoa truyen thdng trong ngay Tet M o n g C6

Dip Tgt truygn tbdng cua cac dan tdc trgn the gidi la khoang thdi gian moi ngudi dugc trd vg, quay quan ben gia dinh than ygu cua minh. Day la dip hg dugc thyc hien cac nghi thiic thd Cling va the hien sy tri an ddi vdi cdng lao ciia t6 tign; la ca hdi dugc vui chai, tham thii ban be, cung nhau on lai chuyen cfl. Mgi ngudi danh cho nhau nbiing ldi chiic tot dep nhat. Ngay Tet truyen thdng d Mdng Cd cung giong nhu nhieu nudc A Ddng, ludn dong day sy than ai chan hda, cimg mong mudn ddn mdt nam mdi an lanh, hanh phuc.

Ciing gidng nhu ngudi Viet, dan tdc Mdng Cd ddn Tsagaan Sar trong ba ngay dau tien ciia thang Gigng. Tuy nhign, d nhieu vung ndng thdn, Tgt cd thg keo dai niia thang hoac den bet thang Gieng. Theo quan niem ciia ngudi dan ban dja, mgi dign bien ciia ngay mimg Mdt se anh hudng den tat ca cac ngay cdn lai trong nam. Do dd, ngay dau tign trong nam mdi la vd cimg quan trpng doi vdi hp. Trong djp nay, ngudi Mdng Cd cd nhigu phong tyc tap quan va mdn an rieng biet, dam net van hda ban dia cua cu dan du myc.

2.1. Uong trd sita vii xuat hdnh ddu ndm

Trong dip Tet cd truygn, ngudi Mdng Cd cd tyc uong tra. Sau khi nhan chen tra dau tien, bac cao nign trong gia dinh se vay nudc tra ra bdn hudng xung quanh nha minh. Hanh ddng nay nham rii'a sach nhung dieu xui xeo, phign mudn ciia nam cu. Chen tra thir hai danh cho chii nha; vj khach va cac thanh vien cdn lai trong gia dinh thudng nhii'ng ehen tra tigp theo. Trudc khi di tham vigng cac gia dinh than thiet, hp dii'ng d hign nha ciia minh, thuc hien mdt sd nghi thtic truyen thdng.

Ngay miing Mdt, mgi ngudi deu thuc day rat sdm de thyc hien Muruu gargakh (William D.

Crump, 2008, p. 169) - ll xuat hanh dau nam ("Starting the foot-prints). Hg mac nhung trang phuc dan tdc mdi, day man sac (tugng trung cho sy bda bgp trong nam mdi) va nhdm lua. Ai cung mudn treo Ign nggn niii gan nha, theo hudng mat trdi mpc trong chuygn xuat hanh ddu nam. Hp mang theo thyc pham va tien hanh cac nghi thuc cau nguyen. Dg chgn hudng xudt hanh, hg thudng xem tir vi. Ngudi Mdng Cd tin rang, thyc hien Muruu gargakh diing hudng cho nhitng buac di ddu tien trong ndm m&i se khien hg manh khoe va gap may man quanh nam.

2.2. Thdm nhd nhau vd chuc tet

Mdi bude vao miia xuan nen khdng khi trgn thao nguyen cdn rat lanh. Khi binh minh ddu tign cua nam mdi bat dau, mgi ngudi trong gia dinh thiic giac va chao hdi bang nhiing can ndi tdt lanb. Sau nhiing nghi thii'c ddn nam mdi vao sang sdm mimg Mdt, ngu'di dan Mong C6 di din nha nhau chuc tgt. Trong tigt trdi se lanh dau nam, mgi ngudi riu rft ndi cudi, ngudi ngudi rang rd.

Nhirng "cay ndm" trang xda trgn thao nguyen trd ngn rpn rang va tran ngap tieng cudi dm ap.

Nghign Cliu An Do va Chau A. S6 2 - 2020, tr.45-51 48

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i Thi Anh Van. Phong luc cd truyen trong ngdy Tet Mdng Cd Tsagaan Sar la khoang thdi gian dg anh em, hg hang, be ban trd vg que huang, gia dinh sau mdt nam lam viec vat va. Hg dugc gap gd, hdi han va dpng vign nhau vg gia dinh, cdng viec, cimg chia se nhirng vui - buon trong cudc sdng. Trong nhjp sdng hoi ha va ban rdn cua xa hdi hien dai, Tsagaan Sar la ca hgi quy bau de ciing co nliu'ng moi quan he gia dinh, ddng tdc, ban huu. Ddng thdi, day cung la nhung dip danh thiic cac gia trj van hda truyen tiidng ciia ngudi dan ban dia.

Tbdng thudng, mpi ngudi thudng tu tap dau lien d nha cua ngudi Idn tudi nhat trong ddng tgc, gia tdc dg chiic Tgt. Theo ngbi thuc chao hdi truygn thdng, ngudi nhd tudi hon bao gid ciing khoanh lay trudc cac bac tign bdi dg bay td Idng kinb trgng. Cd the ndi, sy kinb trgng doi vdi bac cao nign da in sau trong ngn van hoa Mdng Cd. Sau do, bg tda di tham cac gia dinh khac. Ngay miing Mpt va miing Hai, danh cho nhu'ng chuyen tham hdi, chuc tgt hp hang. Sang ngay miing Ba, hp thudng den nai lam viec trong nam de gap gd va chuc tet dong nghiep. Trong mot ngay, trung binh ngudi dan Mdng Co di chiic tet khoang 8-10 gia dinh.

Dau nam mdi khai md cho mgi viec lianli thong. VI vay, khach va chd nha deu mong muon ngudi cbiic let minh gap may man va binh an. Den nha ai chiic let, hg deu lam le Zolgokh. Khi dd, chil nha se ngdi d phia bac can leu ciia minh va dpi mu. De thyc hien nghi lg, chii va khach dgu cd tam khan Khadag. Mdi vi khach se lan lugt dat Kbadag Ign tay gia chii va chiic mpi digu tdt lanh.

Tuy nhien, vdi cac bac cao nign, khi thyc hien nghi le, ngudi tre tudi thudng nam khuyu tay va 6m chat lay hg. Hanh ddng nay the hien sy tdn trpng va mong mudn nhan dugc sy do dan, che chd cua tign bdi. Trong nghi ie Zolgokh, ngirdi cao tuoi se nhan ldi chiic lii' mgi ngudi ngoai trii' ph6i ngdu (vg hoac chdng). Ket thiic Zolgokh, khach se dugc gia chii hon vao hai bgn ma, dugc tang khoan tien nhd va mdi udng ba lan rugu. Cdn vdi nhirng bac tien boi. ngudi ta thudng mimg thp mdt chiit tign dg lay lpc.

Dau nam mdi, ai nay dgu vui mii'ng, phan khdi, Cung gidng nhu Tgt doan vien ciia ngudi Viet, day la djp cac thanh vien trong gia dinb Mdng C6 sum vdy, thdt chat cac moi quan he xa hdi. Sau man chao hoi, mgi ngudi se ciing thudng thiic cac mon an truyen thdng. Ngudi Mdng Co rat higu khach.

La eu dan du muc, cudc s6ng nay day mai do trgn viing ddt thao nguyen hoang vu, rgng Idn da tao nen ban Itnh kign cudng Uudc phong ba bao tap. Tuy nhien, trong gia ret ciia thao nguyen, nhung cai bdt tay, moi ny cudi than thien deu khien ho them dm Idng. Dugc tiep cac vi khdch, dii than quen hay cdn la lam, ngudi dan noi day vln ddn chao vdi ca tdm chan linh. Mpi ngudi quay quan dpc theo chiec ban go dai, phu ddy banh keo va mdt con cim da luge beo ngay (Kohn Michael, 2008, p.44). Ai nay dlu phdn khdi trd chuyen. Khdng khi ngay Tet that rdn rang.

Sau bira an, mgi ngudi nhdm nhap tra sua, rdi trao tang nhau nhting mon qua ciing ldi chuc nam mdi binh an, thinh vugng. Cd nhilu cau ndi mang tinh dac trung ciia ngudi dan thao nguygn trong ngay Tit, nhu: "Amar baina uu?" (Ban co dang s6ng binh an?). Gap ngudi cao tuoi, ngudi Mdng Cd thucmg ndi: "Amar mend uu" hoac "Amar bain uu" vdi y nghta mong hg sdng lau va gap nhilu may mdn. Cau ndi thudng su' dung nhdt la "Amar baina uu? Sar shinedee saikhan shinelej baina uu" (nghta la: "Bac sdng binh ygn chir. Tit nha minh dang chuan bj cd tdt khong?") (mongolia-trips.com). La cu dan du muc, nghi chfnh la chan nudi ciru, de va day la ngudn luang

Nghien ciiu An Dp va Chau A. S6 2 - 2020, lr.45-51 49

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BCii Thj Anh Van. Phong tue cd truyin trong ngdy Tet_Mdng_Co_

thyc chinh ciia hp. Do dd trong dip Tit, hp cung thudng vui ve ndi vdi nhau: "Chiie cho dan cieu ciia bgn beo tdt".

2.3. Trang ph lie truyen thong trong ngdy Tet

Thudng ngay, dac biet tai cac thanh phd Idn, ngudi Mdng Co thudng mac trang phyc theo phong each phuang Tay. Tuy nhign, trong djp Tet cd truyen, trang phuc dan tdc lai dugc ua chudng han. Ai nay deu phan khdi sam sua qudn ao dep dl dign ba ngay Tit. Trang phyc dan tgc ciia gidi trg Mdng Cd tuy da dugc each tan, nhung van kha phirc tap va nhieu mau sdc. Bd dd dien Tet ciia ngudi Mdng Cd thirdng cd: ao choang Deel, thdt lung, giay cao cd (ung) va phy kien trang sue. Trang phyc va man sac ciia hp kha da dang bdi cac tdc ngudi d nliilu viing mign khac nhau (Biii Thj Anh Van, 2018, tr.131-133). Phong each thdi irang ciia mdi ngudi ciing khac nhau, tiiy thudc vao dp tuoi va tinh trang hon nhan. Chang ban, ciing la khan quan dau, cac cd gai cdn son thudng cugn trdn mdt chiit vg phia ben phai va de phan rIa budng xuong; nhung phu nir co chong lai khdng cd chi tiet nay.

Trang la gam man chu dao trong ngay dau nam mdi d Mong Cd. Vdn quan niem mau trang la bieu tugng cho sy thuan khlgt va may man ngn cu dan noi day thudng mac do trang, mdi nhau ciing udng sira (trang) va danh tang cho nhau nhirng tang pham co mau trang. Bgn canh do, ngudi Mong Cd cdn cho rang, trang phyc trang khien hg idn vao trong tuygt va tranh sy chu y ciia thii dir. Vi vay, trong xa hdl hien dai, mac dii da che ngu dugc thien nhien va lam chii cudc sdng, nhung nha leu va trang phuc ciia ngu'di dan thao nguygn van giir dugc gam mau truygn thdng.

Trong nghi lg chiic mirng nam mdi, cac thanh vien ciia gia dinh deu cam tam khan Khadag (mongoluls.net). Khadag la dai lua mau xanh, tugng trung cho long nhan ai va digm lanh. Do trang sii'c la phu kien khdng the thieu vdi phy nir. Dieu nay the hien sy giau cd ciia moi gia dinh.

Cac thigu nil thao nguyen thudng let nhung bim tdc cai sgi ruy bang dd dg lam duygn. Nhieu khi, sgi ruy bang ludn tdc cung rat cau ky, dugc dinh da quy (ngpc lam), san ho hoac kim loai (bac).

Ngoai ra, trong ll hdi truyen thdng ddn nam mdi ciia ngudi Mdng Cd cung khdng the thieu nhirng con ngya tdt danh cho viec di lai va tham gia cac trd chai.

3. Le hoi

Vao djp Tsagaan Sar, ngudi dan thao nguyen td chiic nhieu ll hgi. Cac boat ddng thudng ngay dugc dua vao lg hgi vdi dang thii'c ciia cac cuoc dua. nhu: dua ngua, ban cung, ddu vat.

Nhijng mdn thg thao truygn thdng da lam ngn net dac sac ciia ngay Tet Mdng Cd. Day la cac hoat ddng von tdn tai tu' rat lau trong ddi song cua ho - nhiing cu dan du muc ma thdi gian song trgn lung ngya nhieu han trgn mat dat, td tign ciia hp rat gidi san bim va chinh chign.

Tham gia boat ddng dua ngya ban cung, phan Idn la nam gidi. Tuy nhign, phy nii' tren thao nguygn cung rat manh me. Do thuan thyc nhieu ky nang ciia ngudi dan du myc, ngn trong nhiing cudc tranh tai ludn xuat hien cac bdng hdng thi dau mdt each sdng phang vdi phai manh. Ciing vdi dua ngua la cudc thi tai ban cung. Trong lich sir, Mdng Co da tiing chinh chien khdp thi gidi, dugc menh danh "de che bat kha chien bai". Hg tit thanh thao ky nang viia cudi ngya vira bdn

Nghign cii'u An Dp va Chau A. S6 2 - 2020, U.45-51 50

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Biii Thi Anh Van. Phong luc cd truyen trong ngdy Tit Mong Cd cung nham dgn myc tigu ddng. Viec to chirc cac cuoc th! tai, thi siic con la dl thi Idng dung cam va khac ghi truyen thdng van hda ciia dng cha.

Ngudi dan thao nguyen rat yen am nhac. Din Mong Cd ngay ddu nam mdi, du khach cd thi cam thay con tim nao mic bdi nhu'ng bai bat, dieu nhac truygn thdng tung bimg tren cac phd.

Nghe nhan bieu dien chlnh la nhung ngudi dan. Hg cimg nhau hat cac bai truyin thdng va sdn sang lam ca st theo yeu cau ciia dam ddng. Tbeo quan niem ciia ngudi ban dja, tir choi hat la hanh dgng kbdng dugc van minh. Nhac cu truygn thong dugc sir dyng nhilu trong djp Tet, nhu:

Khuuchir, Tam thap luc, Bishguur, Shudraga (con dugc gpi la Shanz), Yatga, Laval, Morin Khuur, Damar, Limbe... Nhung nhac cy truyen thong nay da tao nen loai hinh am nhac ddc dao, hinh thanh net dac sac trong ddi sdng van hoa.noi day ma khdng nai nao co dugc. Cd the ndi, nln am nhac ciia ngudi ban dja mang hoi hudng van hoa dac trung ciia cu dan du muc thao nguyen Trung A, thg hien ban sac van hda cua nhieu toe ngudi sdng uen niii doi, thao nguygn va sa mac.

Am nhac mang lai nigm vui, lam diu mat ddi sdng tam hdn hp.

Ket luan

Trong tigt trdi se lanh, ngudi Mdng Co ddn Tet vdi nigm ban hoan ciing dat trdi. Cho dgn nay, ngudi dan thao nguyen van bao luu dugc net van hda truyen thong khi td chue Tsagaan Sar.

Nhirng dac trung van hda dan tpc dugc quy ty tuong ddi day du trong ngay Tet truyen thong chfnh la digu hap dan nhigu du khach den vdi dat nudc Mong Cd xinh dep trong ngay dau nam mdi.

Tai lieu tham khao

1. Danh Biii (2019), Cung ngudi Mdng Cd ddn Tit Tsagaan Sar truyen ihdng tren thdo nguyen, http://tuoitreviet.net.vn, ngay truy cap 12/11/2019.

2. William D. Crump (2008), Encyclopedia of New Year's Holidays Worldwide, McFariand, California.

3. Kohn, Michael (2008), Lonely Planet Mongolia, Lonely Planet.

4. Ligeti, Louis (1984), Tibetan and Buddhist Studies. Commemorating the 200th Anniversary ofthe Birth of Alexander Csoma De Koros. Volume 2, University of California Press.

5. Marsh, Peter (2009), The horse-head fiddle and the cosmopolitan reimaginalion of tradition of Mongolia, Routledge.

6. Tsagan Sar: The Mongolian Lunar New Year (2007), hUp://vv\vw.mongoiuIs.net/tsagaansar.shtml, ngay truy cap 12/12/2019.

1. Tsagaan sar moon festival, https://www.mongolia-trips.coin/travel-guide/activity, ngay truy cap 13/12/2019.

8. Biii Thj Anh Van (201 8), 'Trang phuc truyin thing don TII cua ngudi Mong Co", Tap chi The gldiDisdn,S6 1+2 (136+137), tr.131-133.

Nghien ciiu An Dp va Chau A. Sd 2 - 2020, tr.45-51