Mo hmh lira chon van khudn tang ham bang phUcfng phap CBA (choosing by advantages)
A model for selecting basement formwork system using CBA (choosing by advantages)
Ngay nhan bai: 12/3/2017 Ngay sCra bai: 10/4/2017 Ngay chap nhan dang: 5/5/2017
TOM TAT
Lda. chpn bien phap van khudn trong qua trmh thi cong la mot viSc rSt quan trong cho su thanh cong cua dd an. Tuy nhien, trong thilc te cac nha thSu thudng lUa chon bien phap van khuon diia tr^n phan doan tnic giac hoac kinh nghi&m chfl quan cua cic chuyen gia, ma khong sii dung mot cong cu, mo hinh, hay phuang phap ra quyet dinh cu the. Trong viec ra quyet djnh da thudc tinh, phiiOng phap phan tich cau tnic thli bae AHP thildng duoc sd dung de ho trcf qua trinh ra quyet dinh, gidm thieu sii khong chac chan. Tuy nhien noi dung cua phdong phdp AHP han che ve kha nang ling dung khi chiia xet ro nhQng n^t khac biet cua cac phitcJng an liia chpn, Nghi6n ciiu nky xay ddng mOt m6 hinh liia chon da thuoc tinh sd dyng phifong phap CBA cho viec Ida chon van khuon Ket qua md hinh phii hop v6i bfii cdnh dd an, la mot phdcfng phap minh bach, tao ra moi trd6ng hop tac cho cac ben tham gia.
T i khoa: van khuon tSng hdm, phdOng phdp CBA, AHP, Ida chpn da thudc tinh.
ABSTRACT
Formwork system selection is crucial for a project's success. Despite, contractors select formwork based on individual experience without using a consistent decision- making method. In multi-at tribute decision-making, analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is often used to support decision-making, minimizing uncertainty. However, the content ofthe AHP method is limited in its appUcability when the differences of the options are not taken into account. This study constructed a multi-attribute selection model using the CBA method for the selection of formwork. The result of this model are relevant to the project context, which is a transparent way of creating a coUaborative environment for stakeholders
Keywords: basement formwork , choosing by advantages method, analytical hierarchy process, multi-attribute
Dao Duy Hoan
Hgc vien cao hoc nganh Qudn ly Xdy ddng - Khoa Ky thuat Xay dUng - Trifdng dai hoc Bach Khoa Tp. H6 Chi Minh
TS. LdcJng Diic Long
Chil nhiem B6 m6n Thi cong vd Qudn If Xay ddng - Khoa Ky thudt Xdy ddng - Trddng dai hgc Bach Khoa Tp. Ho Chi Minh
€)ao Duy Hoan, LiTdng DuTc Long
I.GlOlTHlfUVan khu6n chiem khoSng 60% chi phi eua ket cau be tong cot thep, khodng 10% cua tong chi phixay cii/ng, va anh hi/dng true tiep den an toan, tien dp va chat lu'ong ci!ia d i i ^ n xay dung [1].
Nhutig ti^n bo trong khoa hoc e5ng nghe dan den ngay eang e6 nhung bien phap van khuon mdi. Do do viec iUa chon mot bien phap van khuon phii hop v6i dac diem timg du an la kha phiJc tap. Dac biet khi thi cong tang ham nha cao tang, moi cong trinh deu c6 dac di^m neng ve cau tao nen dat, mit edt 3ia ehSt, cao do miic nifde ngam; vi&e lifa chon bien phap van khuon phCi hop gdp phan giSm thieu cac sif ed trong qua trinh thi cdng, nang eao chat lUong xay dyng cdng tfinh, thue day sir thanh edng cua du' an.
Mae dCi ddng mdt vai trd rat quan trong va phii'e tap nhung c^c nha thau khi liia ehon bien phap van diia tren kinh nghiem hi§n ed, hi^m khi sil dung mdt phuong phap phCi hop hd t r d cho qua trinh ra quyet dmh Cic chuyen gia vdi kinh n g h i f m khde nhau cd the dUa ra nhCrng quyet dinh khac nhau, khdng dSm bdo phCi hop va ket qua tdt nhat. Vi vay, can mot phuong phap ra quyet dinh b^n vCfng, phu hop vdi bdi canh cua dUan va giam thieu lang phf.
2. T6NG QUAN NGHIEN cau Lien quan den viee lUa chon van khuon trUdc day, nhieu ehuy§n gia tren t h ^ gidi da de xuat cac phuong an khae nhau. Hanna (1992) [9] da dua tren thdng tin mdt nhdm chuyen gia khu vUc Bae My de xuat sir dung mot he thong thdng mmh cho viee lUa ehon he thdng van khuon doc va ngang. Elazouni (2005) [10] da de xuat ket hgp mang Neuron than kmh (NNs) va qua trinh lua chon t h l i bae (AHP) d l 3inh gia kha nang chap nhan eda h f thong v i n khudn ngang dua tren tai lieu va kinh nghiem cCia 40 ehuyen gia d Ai Cap Tam (2005) [11] 34 xuat mang Neuron xae suat (PNNs) cho viec lUa ehon he thdng van khuon doc d Hong Kdng; tuy nhien, nghien ciAi nay da sil dung 7 bg dU lieu tif eac d u i n cao tang d Dai Loan, Elbetagi (2011) [12] da phat tnen mdt md hinh logic md (FLM) de lUa chgn he thdng van khudn ngang d Ai Cap dUa tren kmh nghiem eiJa 37 chuygn gia dia phuong. Tuong tU, tac gia cung da de xuat lua chon he thong van khuon doc sii dung kmh nghiem eua 41 ehuyen gia trong nUdc (2012) [13]. Shin {2012) [14] de xuat cay quyet
05.2017SWtii¥liai;27
dinh (BDTs) de lUa chon he thdng van khudn xay di/ng nha eao tang d Han Quoc, t i c giS sirdung dClieutCf 75 d u d n . Riddha (2016) [15] de xuat sddung AHP va DSM de lira ehon tdi Uu he thdng van khudn ngang bang each gdi b i n g khao sat den c i c chuyen gia cd trung binh 10 nam kinh nghiem trong cCing linh vUc.
Tuy nhi^n cie nghien ciiu trUdc day tdn lai mot sd yeu diem ed the anh hudng den ket qua eda sU lUa ehon he thdng van khudn. Dien hinh nhU:
- Cie ehuyen gia ed kinh nghifm v i n khuon khac nhau t l i eae d u an khac nhau trong qua khii, do dd co the dan den eae ket qua khic nhau.
- Han che cua phuong p h i p sd de ra quyet dinh ia k h i nang han che md ta eho eac boi c i n h ma trong dd quyet dinh duoc thuc hien [1].
- Phuong phap BDTs cd the sir dung tdt trong mot bdi canh nhdt djnh [14]. Tuy nhi#n, do chinh xac cua nd co the bi dnh hUdng bdi chat luong, kich thudc, v i dd tin cay eda dO lieu dau vao va sd luong eae yeu t d xem xet.
- Cie cudc tranh luan, l|ip lu^n, hung bien, ldi le ddng mgt vai tro quan trong trong viSe dua ra quyet dinh cuoi cung. Nhiing khfa canh eda qua trinh ra quyet dinh rdt khd ete md hinh trong phuong p h i p sd.
Do dd, mdt phuong p h i p ra quyet dinh p h i i ed k h i nang ndm bdt duoc boi cdnh cua d u an, nam bdt dUOe quan diem eua ngUdi ra quyet dinh vdi nhOfng y kien khac nhau. Vl v i y , nghien cdu de xudt sii dung phuang p h i p CBA de ra quyet dinh trong trudng hop nay, Ben canh do, ket qua eua nghien edu nay cd thdi gian x d ly nhanh hon c i c phuong phap khic, giup ehij ddu tU va nha thau ed mgt c i i nhin true quan, de h i l u v i ra quyet dmh nham dem lai loi nhuan Idn nhat va g i i m thieu riJi ro eho d u a n .
PhUting phap lUa chgn theo nhihig loi the (Choosing by Advantages - CBA)
Choosing by Advantages (CBA) duoe de xudt bdi Suhr (1999) dugc siJ dung Idn dau tien trong nganh Lam nghiep Hoa Ky. T d d d , phUOng phip nay duae phat trien va sii dung rdng rai trong nhieu linh vUc khie nhau.
CBA la mgt cong eu ra quyet dinh diia tr^n vi§c so s i n h Igi t h f cua cac phuong i n phai lua chgn.
Trang CBA, cae quyet djnh dua tren iai t h i cCia mdt phuong i n so vcii phuang i n khae, ktidng p h i i tren nhdng Igi the va bat loi cua c i c phuang i n , do dd tranh lap Ngoii ra, CBA phiJ hgp vdi tU duy Lean vi edt ldi eua nd l i tap trung vao eung cdp g i i tn cho eac ben lien quan, trong khi lam giam sU khdng ehdc chdn trong q u i trinh ra quyet dinh, v i se lam giim l i n g phi khi ra cac quyet d[nh khdng ed can cii.
Q u i trinh ra quyet dinh cua phuang phap CBA dugc ehia t h i n h nam giai doan [I]-
1 .Giai doan thiet l i p [the Stage-Setting Phase): t h i l t lap mue dich va bdi eanh ra q u y l t dinh.
2.Giai doan eii t i l n (the Innovation Phase): xdy dUng day du c i c Ilia chon thay the.
3.Giai doan ra quyet djnh (the Decision-making Phase): Chon phuang i n thay t h i vdi tam quan trgng Idn nhat eda loi the.
4.Giai doan xem xet lai {the Reconsideration Phase): Thay ddi quylt dinh n l u edn va eii tien nd.
S.Giai doan thUc hi6n (the Implementation Phase):DUa ra quyet dinh, dieu chinh khi edn t h i l t , d i n h gia qua trinh va k i t qud.
Nghien cdu giai thich y nghTa cOa cac thuat ngdde phii hgp vdi linh vUc xay dung khi siidung eong cu CBA cho vifc lUa chon phuang an hop ly [3], Bdng 1: Cde dinh nghia tronq CBA
Thuat ngiil 1. Alternatives- Phuang an lUa ehon 2.Factor-Nhintd
3. Criterion-Tieu ehf 4. Attribute-Thu^c tinh 5. Advantage - Loi the 6. Importance of advantage (lOA) Tdm quan tronq cua lOi t h i
Dinh nghia
Hai hay n h i l u phuang i n xay dung, phuong i n thiet ke, vat lieu xay dung, hoac bien p h i p thi edng; t d d o se phai chon ra mdt phuong an hoac mot sU ket hop eua cie phuang an dd.
Mdt yeu td, mdt phan, hoac mdt t h i n h phdn cCia mot quyet dinh De d i n h gia tinh b i n vCTng, cie nhan td nen p h i n tich d c i e khia canh kmh te, x i hdi, va mdi trudng.0ieu quan trgng la khi sddung cdng cu CBA, can tach biet chi phi ra khdi cae yeu t d khac
Mdt ti§u chi la mdt quy tdc hay mdt dinh hudng bdi nqUdira quyet dinh.
Mdt dac d l l m , chat luanq, hoac ket q u i cua mdt phuonq i n lua ehon.
Mdt sU khae biet cd loi giCTa hai thudc tfnh.
Tam quan trong eua loi the (djnh lirong theo sd) duae sCt dung trong phuang p h i p ra q u y l t djnh hap t i c khi xem xet cic q u y l t dinh theo y kien eua to chuyen qia.
CBA CO sii linh hoat de them nhieu nhan td hay lUa chon thay the, eua eie y l u t d phai duac tinh t o i n lai bat ky thdi gian, mot yeu td miSi khong cd tae ddng tr§n cac danh gia trudc dd eua g i i i p h i p thay the. dUoc them vao cac quyet dmh [2]. Mdt sd Uu diem eda CBA so vdi AHP:
NgUOc lai vdi cich tiep can diia tren g i i t n , trong dd so diem v i trgng sd Bdng 2: So sdnh dde tinh gida CBA va AHP
Vand4 Quy md thuoc tinh Trong sd c i c nhan to Thda hiSp giu^ c i c nhan td
Ttnh chil quan Khi loai bd cie nhan to khdng cd sii khic biet Khi g i n trgng sd Idn cho n h i n to khdng c6 sii khae biet
CBA
Cic thudc tfnh khdnq dUoc sii dunq de gan qia tn.
Cic nhan t d khdng duoc c i n n h i c vi no la danh muc chunq vd khdng rd rang.
Khdng ed sii thoa hiep giCra c i c nhan td.
ThUc hien nhiem vu khich quan [xie dinh Igi the) trUdc nhiem vu chu quan (tdm^uan trong cOa lai t h i ) . Khong I i m thay ddi k i t q u i lua chgn, vl cac phUong an thay t h i hoat dgng binh ddng, khdng ed loi the, nen khdng cd tam quan trong^ua loi the.
Khong I i m thay ddi q u y l t dmh, vi khdng the gan tam quan trong Idn cho mdt sU khae b i f t nhd hoic mdt Igi the khdnq tdn tai.
AHP Thilu idi q i i i thich cu the.
Thieu tham e h i l u de so s i n h c i c n h i n t d . G i i dmh suthda hiep l i ham tuyen tinh va khong ed sU phu thudc giu'a eac n h i n t d , nhUng hiem kht ddng tronq vifc ra q u y l t dmh trong ddi t h u c Trong sd mang tinh ehii quan, md ra nhieu cieh g i i i thieh khac nhau
Co the lam thay ddi ket q u i lua chon, dugc g i y ra bdi suthay ddi trgng sd c i c n h i n t d .
Cd t h i lam lhay ddi q u y l t dinh lua chon.
3. M O H i N H L l / A C H O N D U A THEO N H J N G L d i T H ^ CBA
Trong phan nay, t i c g i i trinh bay quy trinh thUe hien CBA. NhOng 1^ t h u y l t di lam ea sd cho vi e lua chgn he thdng v i n khudn eho d u i n xi
Bdng 3: Cde giai doan thUc hien CBA Q u y t r i n h
BudcO
B u d c l
Budc 2 BUde 3
BUdc 4
Budc 5
Budc 6
Budc?
Ndi dung Giai doan ehuan bi.
Xacdjnhlus chgn thay the M f , Alt2,Ait3,...
Xac dinh c i c nhan t d FI, F2, F3,...
X i c djnh tieu chi cOa moi n h i n tdCf/J,Cri2.Cr;3,...
Tdm tdt thugc tinh ciia mdi phuonq an thay t h i At, Q u y l t dinh Igi t h i ciia moi lhay t h i Ad,,
Quyet dinh tam quan trong eda mdilaithlfoA(,{
Phan tich chl phi
Cac cudc t h d o luan
Cudc thda ludn !: Nhom gdm bon d i n sau ngudi ehua ed k i l n thdc v l CBA se duoe huan luyen CBA. Sau do ngUdi tham gia se thue h i n h luyen t i p c i c bai lap ve CBA vdi sU phde tap khac nhau. Cie t h i n h vi§n se dugc cung cap cac tai lieu ve CBA, va hudng dan de thUe hifn quy trinh niy.
Cudc thda luan 2. Cic phuong i n lhay the se dUOc neu ra de xem xet Cic thanh vien se ciing de xual c i c nhan t d dUoe ed the tao ra sU khac biet trong lua chon thay t h i . Cie nhan td se duae Met ke de thao luan. Sau dd, hg se q u y l t dinh eie tieu ehi ddi v& timg n h i n i d . Mdt t h i n h vien trong nhdm se d i m nhiem viec thu t h i p dU lieu thugc tinh cho cac liia chon thay the di t h i o i u i n ,
Cuoc thdo lugn3: NhOng ngucfi tham gia dua vao thude tinh va tieu ehi da duge thdng nhat ciia tOng n h i n t d 3i x i c dmh loi t h i . Thudc tinh kem dugc Uu thich nhdt cho mdi tieu ehf se dugc gach dudi, la cO sdde xac dinh loi the cho c i c phuong i n khac Thudc tinh dugc Ua thfch nhat se duoc khoanh trdn, Ngu'di tham gia se eung t h i o luan dUa tren quan diem chuyen mdn ca nhan de gan lOA cho lai t h i . Trong sd c i c thudc tfnh duoc ua thich nhdt, ho lUa ehon mdt Igi t h i quan trong nhdt v i cho 100 lOA. Sau dd, hg d i n h g i i nhdng id\ t h i edn lai, thdo l u i n v i eho d i l m IDA I d 0 d i n 100. Cudi ciing, nhimg ngUcJi ra quyet ^ n h nen ehon phuong i n vdi tdng lOA Idn nhal tronq nhOnq loi the
Cude thdo ludn 4: Ngudi tham gia dUa tren tdng IDA va ehi phf eho tOng phuong an de lUa chgn phuonq i n tdi uu nhat.
Mdt Irong nhOng thuat t o i n eiia CBA l i phuong phap lap bang, duoc Irinh bay nhu trong bang 4
Bdng 4. Tdm tdt quy trinh thUe hien CBfi
STT
1
2
3
4
S N h a n t d
FI Cril F2 Cri2 F3 Cri3 F4 Cri4 F5 Cri5
PhUcmg i n lUa chgn
Thude tinh lai the Thudc tinh
Lai the Thudc tinh
Lai the Thuoe tinh
iai thi Thudc tinh Lai the
Altl Atii Ad„
A l l ! A d i ; Atu Adn Atl4 Ad,4 Atis Ad,s
lOA
loA,i
loAt2
loA„
I O A H
loA,s
Zl°A,,
Alt2 At2, Adj, M.12 A d . : At;]
Ada At:j Adw At;s Adii
IDA
loAji
loAi!
I0A23
loA:i
I0A2S
ZloA,
Alt3 Atj.
Adj, A l j i Ada;
A l j j Ad33 AI3*
MM Atjs Adis
lOA
loAsi
I0A32
I0A33
loAjfl
I0A3S
Z^oA,,
A l t 4 AU, Ad„
AW Ad.2 At4i Ad,u ALa Ad,4 A t « Ad4j
lOA
I0A41
iOf\A2
loA.!
i0A44
IOA.5
2loA„
4. I J N C D U N G L l / A C H O N V A N K H U d N T A N G H A M B A N G P H I / O N G PHAP CBA
Trong vf du n i y t i c g i i dng dung md hinh CBA d l liia chon phUOng i n v i n khudn tdng ham eho cdng trinh OQM. Cae yeu to i n h hudng v i quy trinh thUc hien dugc p h i n tfch bdi 7 bUdc n h u sau'
BUdc 1 : Xac d i n h cac bien p h a p v i n k h u o n ;
Khi thi cdng d u i n DQM bdng phUOng phap lopdown, c i c bien phap v i n khudn ed the su' dung eho tang hdm dua ra de ehon lUa:
l . V i n k h u d n d d t (vin khudn t r U c t i l p tren nen dat); gia cd nen bang cO t r i m ; d i t xa go go; ldp dat va dam d^t; ldp dung v i n khudn.
2. V i n khudn tren n l n b f tdng lot: dd b f tdng lot; ldp dUng van khudn true t l l p t r f n be tdng.
3. Van khudn edt chong {hf ehdng t r f n n l n ddt); 36 b§ tdng Idt; lap dung he coma, col chdng; l i p dUng van khuon.
4. Van khudn tU ha BRD. Idp d i t gdi tua t r f n b i n m i li^n k i t ; lap d i t he dam I; ldp dung van khudn,
05.2017faDn«[|9X,29
l-]/ansdn 2-Vdnth 3-V6nddydSm 4-Xagdgo 5-Ldp dot Sam chat 6-Ciltram
I-Vdnsin 2-Vdn thanh dam 3-Vdnddyddm 4-X.dgogb 5-Betdngl6t
i-Vdnsan 2-Vdn thanh dam i-'/dn ddy dam 4-Xagodoc 5-Xd go ngang 6-Hecomo 7-Be tong Idt
Hinh 1' Vsn khuon Sat (phuong an V
ft
1-Vdnsa.
2-Vdn thanh ddm 1-Van ddy ddm 4-XdgSMp 5-Damdoc 6-Dam ngang 7-Damdd 8-Cadd 9-C6t W-Paldng
Hinh 2; Van khufir tren be tong lot (phuong an 2)
n
Hinh 3: Van khuon cot chong (phuong an 3) Budc 2: Xac djnh cac nhSn t d dnh hu'dng d i n vifc liia chon v i n khuon:
Cae thanh vien can xac djnh c i c n h i n t d giiip tao nen su khac biet 0 d i y khdng cd nhan t d nao la quan trgng nhat. Nhieu nhan td khdng duoe xem xet Irong qua trinh ra quyet dinh vi cie g i i i p h i p thay the cd cic thugc tinh tuong t u iing vdi c i c n h i n t d dd (Vi du: tat d dc lua chon deu ed edng mifc danh g i i v4 chat lugng b f tdng).
Sau do, eae chuyen gia dUa tren kinh nghifm ciia hg d l p h i n tieh, danh g i i va tim ra c i c n h i n t d phd hgp vdi nghien cilu Cic nhan t d duoc ii&t ra de thao luan va lua chgn, duge trinh b i y trong b i n g 5.
BUdc 3: X i c dinh tiiu chi " m u s t / w a n t " ciia moi nhan t o : Cac b f n tham gia can p h i i thdng nhdt ve t i f u ehi 3i lam ea s6 eiia mdi n h i n td.Tieu ehiduac diing 3i dinh gia ihuoc tinh eiia cie phuang an iUa ehon. Mdt l i f u chi cd the la mdt mong muon "mudn cd" hay la b i t budc " p h i i cd". Mdt sd thudc tfnh cd tieu ehuan danh gia; trong trUdng hop dd, d l dang t h i l t lap mdt tieu chi (Vi du- trgng luang tdm Idn nhat, kfch thudc tam Idn nhal...). Trong cae trUdng hop khic, c i c thanh vien can md t i nhOng gl ho mong mudn (Vi du: I i l n g dn trong qua trinh thi edng. .) Cie tieu chf dUoc trinh bay cu the trong b i n g 5.
Budc 4 : Tdm tdt thudc tfnh eda t d n g phUOng i n : Mdt ehuyen gia se chiu trach nhiem thu thap cic thudc tfnh eua timg phuong an. Trong b i n g 5, iing vdi mdi nhdn td, thugc tfnh dugc ua thich
Bdng 5: Bdng CBA
Hinh 4' He van khuon tu ha BRD (phuong an 4)
nhdt se duac khoanh tron, cac thude tinh kem duae Uu thieh nhdt se duge gach dudi, l i co sdde so sanh lOi the eua c i c phuong i n khac
BUdc 5: X i c dinh Igi t h i cua tuHg phUOng i n thay t h e : Cic chuyen gia se x i c djnh thudc tfnh kem lO thieh nhdt uYig vdi moi nhan td. Diia vao Ihugc tinh nay, de xie dmh lol I h l eiia cie phuang an thaythe. Vdi mdi n h i n tdse ludn edit nhat mdt phuang i n khdng ed loi t h i bdi vi thudc linh iing vdi nhan t d do la it duae Ua thieh nhdt. Trong vf du nay, Ong vdi nhan t d "So luong nhan cdng lao ddng", phuong an Van khudn dat la khdng cdloi I h l so vdi c i c phuong an khae,
Budc 6: X i c dinh t a m quan t r g n g cua loi t h e :
Tam quan trong eiia c i c loi the se duae thao luan bdi nhdm cac ehuydn gia Cic chuyen gia cd the b i y t d sd thich c i nhan, sd dung chuyen mdn e i nhan eiia ho d l g i n diem quan trgng mdt each doe lap.
Trong trUdng hop nay, nhan td " kinh nghiem thi edng edng trmh trudc day" cd loi the tdi quan trong, do do se dugc g i n 100 lOA. Cic loi the khic dUOc can nhdc v i g i n IDA tO 0 den 100 nhu dugc trinh b i y 6 bang 5, Sau dd, c i c chuyen gia tfnh l o n g lOA bdng each cdng tdng ^ e m lai t h i ciia Idng phuong an. Phuang a n " V i n khudn t u ha" ed tdng diem lOA la 310, la phuang i n CQ k h i nang duoc lUa chgn,
Nhantd
Bif n p h i p thi edng van khudn tang hdm V i n trf n b f
tdng lot
V i n khudn cdt chdng
Van khudn t u h a Kinh nghiem thi cdng edng trinh trudc d i y
Tiiu chl: Nhilu cdng trinh hon l i tdt han, vi ed n h i l u kinh nghiem thi edng han,
Nhilu han 8 cdng trinh
Nhieu hon 3 edng trinh
Nhilu hon 5 cdng trinh Chinh siia cao do v i n khudn
Tieu chi: D l ehinh sira l i tdt hon. Vi i n h hudng d i n
5
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Sd lan tiisOdi^ng
Tl€u ehi: SO dung nhieu lan la tdt hon.
rdc do lap dat van khudn
Tiiu ehi: Lap dOng nhanh la tdt hon vi l i n g vdng dd eOa v i n khudn.
rdc do t h i o dd v i n khudn
Tiiu c / i r T h i o d d nhanh la lot hon vi tang vdng dd ciia van khudn.
Anh hudng ldi tien do dao dat
Tiiu chi: Khdng dnh hudng la tdt hon vi rut ngan thd gian thi cdng.
Tien dd dao dat
Tiiu c M D i o nhanh hon la tdt hon.
Thdi gian d i o lao
Heu chl'; Thdi gian dai la t d t hon vi cdng n h i n duoc daolao, gdp phdn tang nang suat lao ddng.
So lugng n h i n cdng lao ddng Tiiu chi: It n h i n edng la tdt hon.
Thdi gian dat hang v i n khudn T/^u cftC: Nhanh la tdt hon.
Trong lugng tam Idn nhat
Tiiu ehi Nhe han l i tdt hon vi de d i n g van ehuyin Kfch thudc tdm Idn nhat
Tiiu chl Jam Idn l i tot hon, vi sf gidm sda ehOa be Edng sau n i y .
Fling dn trong q u i trinh thi edng Heu chl Nhd la tot han, vl giam 6 nhiem lieng dn Phu kien v i n khudn
Tiiu chi- ft c i n g tdt vi se g i i m dien tieh kho chOa Tie ddng tO d i l u kifn thdi tiet xau; VD trdi mUa Tieu chi- Cd t h i thi cdng la tdt hon vi dam b i o t i l n do Y l u td ve sinh mdi trUdng
Tieu chi- Khdng smh ra rac thai la tdt hon.
Riii ro vdi cdng trinh xung quanh Tiiu chl ft rOi ro hon la tdt hon.
rfjudc tinh Lai the tinh Lai the Thudc tinh Lai the Thudc tinh Lai the tinh Lai the tinh Lai the Thudc tinh Lai the tinh Lai the tinh Loi the Thudc tinh Lai the Thuoc tinh Lai the Thudc tinh Lai the tinh Lai the Thudc tinh Lai the tinh Lai the Total lOA
a
0 Chdm
TB Tdc dd TB
It
Cham
Na^n 0
15
10
0
0 150
0 (^7 n g a y ~ ^
Nhanh hdn 38 ngay 30
•~.-_i3!sflJ-^;
Nhe hOn 7kg 20 1.22x2.44= I
2.98 m'
TB T i l n g dn TB
CJC^
[than 0
s
25 Khdngthe 1
thi cdng
• 0
^
It rill ro hon 0
20 225
5 Nhieu hon 2
idn TB TdcddTB
TB TdcddTB
it
Chim
Noan
100 it hon 50 ' — ^ . i j a ^ ^ ^
Nhanh hon 38 ngay - ^ 5 3 k f f - ^ Nhe hOn 7kg 1.22x2.44=
2.98 m^
TB Tilng dn TB
^- '.t ^ [than Khd thi edng
Khd thi edng Cd
It rill ro hon 10
15
15
10
0
0
20
30
20
0
5
25
(
20
0
20 240
Nhilu hon 4 lan TB TdcddTB
CJ,™,
Nhieu
^ . J J h a n l i J ^ Nhanh hon Ngan
120 it hon 30
Nhanh hon 38 ngay
•-..„i21sft--^
Nhe hon 7kg 1.22x2.44=
2.98 m'
Ldn
Nhieu
• ^ t h l t R l N Cd t h i thi
Ce
Nhieu 25
15
0
0
40
<
0
30
30
20
0
<
0
0
30
<
0
0 280
s Nhilu hon 2
Idn
; ^ N h a n h ^
Nhanh hon
CNhanO
10
30
Nhanhhon ; 30
K h d n g i n h hudng 50
^ J J b a r i b l ^ Nhanh han
:Zo^
40
Thdi gran daii hon j 25
cijoiy^
it hon 80 [ 45 1.5thina |
i
'• 0
40kq
To
hfi^itaiHltl]
m' 15
f l i n g dn nhd 10 NhiLu , _
0 'to the fKhj '•
Cd the Ihi cdng
• - ^ i t i f i n g ^ Khdng i n h hudng
30
25
Nhilu 0 340
Bifdc 7: Phan tich chi p h i :
Phuong an 1 la phuong an thay t h i hop 1^ vl ed gia thanh re nhat, Phuong i n hop ly tiep theo la phuong i n 2. Tuy nhien, khi lua chgn phuong i n 2 thay eho phuong i n 1, ehiing ta ton them 610 tneu ddng de cung cdp tb^m 15 lOA, GiOa hai phUong an n i y , cd 5 n h i n t d tao ra sU khae biet. Viec thu hep p h i n tich eung edp cho ngUdi ra quyet djnh hoaeh dinh chinh sach cu t h i v l bdi c i n h hinh thanh quyet dinh cua ho PhUong i n 3 ddt hon phuong i n 2 la 1.18 ty- va cung cap them 40 lOA. PhUOng an 4 ddt hdn phuong i n 3 la 3,9 t^" ddng va cung cdp thdm 60 IDA. Do do, quyet dmh la lieu ed nen ehi tieu nhieu lien hOn cho mdt g i i i p h i p lhay the mang l a i n h i e u l g i i e h h o n h a y khdng. Bang viee sOdung CBA, ngUdi ra quyel dinh cd the dua ra iy do rd rang eho eac quyet dmh ciia ho theo each tuong tac trao Sdi (collaborative manner), Cudi eiing nhdm n g h i i n edu li£a chon phuang i n 3 (theo so sinh do gdc a, gdc p trong hinh 5)
'•.S
- 000 2000 4000 eooo sooo
Hinh S Clii phi va tam quan trong cila loi the
9000 i;ooo NOOO
Phuang an Tdng IDA Chl phf (ty dong)
Van khudn dat (phuong i n 1)
223 7,429
V i n tren be tdng Idt [phuang i n 2)
240 8.038
V i n khudn edt ehdng (phuong i n 3)
280 9,221
V i n khudn t u h a (phuang an 4)
340 13.125
S.K^TLUAN
Nghi§n eiiu da Irinh bay cae budc x i y dung m d hinh lua ehon da thudc linh dua theo phuong p h i p CBA ed I h l giup cho nha thdu lua chon van khudn thi cdng tang ham phii hop vdi nhOng Uu diem trong cic trudng hap lua ehon.
Mdt trUdng hop i p dung md hinh d l lua ehon phuang p h i p phii hop trong c i c phuong phap ( v i n khudn dat, van khudn tren be tdng Idt, v i n khudn cdt chdng, v i n khudn t u ha) da cho k i t qud l i phuong i n 3 (vin khudn cdt ehdng), Phu hap vdi thue te thi cdng cOa nha thau tai dU an.
K i t q u i md hinh cho thdy CBA lao ra mdi trUdng minh bach, phii hop vdi bdi canh ciia d u i n L i phuong p h i p vuot trdi de ho trO trong viec ra q u y l t dmh.
K i t q u i so s i n h trong nghien cOu cho thdy he van khudn t o ha ed nhieu Uu d i l m ' Gdp phdn ddy nhanh t i l n do, Thdi gian thi cdng nhanh, khdng i n h hudng den cdng tac thi cdng d i o dat, khdng phu thuoe v i o dja ehdt n l n tdng hdm. Do an loan eao, Giam dooc nhieu nhan cdng lao ddng thu cdng. PhCi hop vdi c i c edng trinh ed so tdng ham tO 4 t r d len.
Tuy nhien g i i thanh cdn k h i cao, c i c n h i ihdu ehoa ndm bdt edng nghe thi cdng. Day se la mot bien phap toi Uu trong toong lai. Phti hop vdi nhOng nha thdu Idn, eac edng trinh ed n h i l u tdng hdm.
TAIUEUTHAMKHAO
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[8] Abraham, K, Lepech, M , and Haymaker, J (2013) "Selection and application of choosing by advantages on a corporate campus projecf Proceedings of 2 l ! t annual conference of Inlemationai Group for Lean Construction (IGLC), Fortaleza, Brazil
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[10] Elazouni, A., All, A., and Abdel-Razek, R. (2005) "Estimating the Acceptability of New Fomiwoik Systems Using Neural Netwoiks" J.Constr.Eng Manage
[11] Tam, C, M., Tong, T, K. L„ Lau, T. C. T , and Chan, K K (2005) "Selection of vertical formwork system by probabilistic neural networks models" Constr Manage,Ec(Hi.
[12] Elbeltagi, E„ Hosny, 0. A , Elhakeem, A., Abd-Elrazek, M., and Abdullah, A, (2011), 'Selection of slab formwork system using fuzzy logic" Consti Manage.Econ,
[ B j Elbeltagi, E., Hosny, 0. A., Elhakeem, A , Abd-Elrazek, M., and El-Abbasy, M. (2012).
"Fuzzy logic model for Selection of Vertical Formwork System" J.Constr Manage.Econ.
(14) Shin, V , Kim, T., Cho, H., and Kang, K. (2012)." A fonnwork method selection model based on boosted decision trees m tall building construction", Autom,Constr,
[15] Riddhs Basu, (2016). "An AHP Based Model for Ihe Seledion of Horizontal fomiwork Systems m Indian Residential Constmction". International Journal of Structural and Civil Engineering Reseaich.
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