NGHII;N CLTU, TRAO DOI
THIET KE PHAN MEM flIEU KHIEN TJ U NHIEN LIEU TREN DONG Cd PHUN XANG OIEN TUf UUNG SMARTPHONE Vdi HE R l l u HANH ANDROIU
HGUYtNANHTUAN*
Email: anhtuanspkt@gmail. com yOQ&C THINH Tdm tat:
c a e thiet bi thdng minh da ngay cang du-pc O'ng dyng vao nghidn edu va hpc tap cOng nhu cugc song sinh hogt h l n g ngay eua mdi eon ngudi. D^e bigt, smartphone da t r d thanh mdt phan quen thudc trong cude song thu'dng nhat cua mdi ca nhan va nhu eau u-ng dyng cae O'ng dyng cua smartphone vao nghien cO'u ngay cang thiet thyc. Bai viet gidi thlgu ket qua nghien cO'u xdy dyng thiet bi dieu khien thay ddi cac thdng sd dau vdo nhu' nhigt dp nu'dc iam mat, nhigt dp nhidn lidu va ti Id phun trong he thong phun xang dien t u eua ddng co d-td n h l m t i l t kidm nhidn lieu cho xe. Thiet bi cd the giam sat va dieu khien dgng ea phun xang didn tu- qua Internet.
TCP khoa: ioT, ECU, EFI.
Ngay nhgn bai: 18/02/2019 1. Gio'i t h i e u
Ngay phan bign: 20/03/2019 Ngay dang: Thang 03/1019
Trong nhu'ng nam gan day, nhu e l u ve tiet kidm nhidn ligu khi su' dyng xe ngay cang dupe chO trpng, dgc bigt ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep vgn tai hanh khach, hang hda thi van de chi phi van chuyen cang du'pe quan tam han. Trong khi dd, vide ydu cau hang xe cung c l p giai phap tiet kigm nhien lieu hogc thay ddi chu'ang trinh XU' ly phun nhien ligu la khdng the. Yeu cau bai toan d y p e dgt ra la thay ddi tl Ig phun nhidn ligu hogc thdng sd dau vao cam bien de lam ECU chgy theo e h i dp phun tiet kidm hon ma khdng thay ddi ket cau c a khf va ddng lu'c hpc.
Trong bai bao nay, tac gia gidi thieu k i t qua nghidn cO'u dieu khien thay ddi thdng sddau vao cam bien nhigt dp nude iam mat va cam bien lupng khf ngp. thay ddi do rgng xung phun ra kim phun, giam sat va dieu khien qua Internet theo thdi gian thpe.
Vdi mpt qudc gia nhu' Vigt Nam, khai nigm dieu khien qua Internet nay h l u nhu da dupe gidi cdng nghd quan tam trong thdi gian qua.
Da cd nhieu J t u d n g su- dyng cac giao thO'c nhu WebseverTCP/IP, FTP, HTTP...dupemdt sd doanh nghiep O'ng dyng trong dieu khien thiet bj qua mang.
' Nguyen Anh Tuan - Tnfdng Cao dang Ly Tg- Trgng
E I 3 S6 66-thang 3/2019
Tuy nhidn O'ng vdi nhO'ng hd thong hidn nay, vide trang bi mdt du'dng truyen toe dd vO'a phai hay tham ehi ea mdt server may tinh de luu trd va dam bao k i t ndi khdng the then khai rgng rai den cac doanh nghidp.
Han nO'a, xe di chuyen trdn du'dng r l t khd khan trong viee trang bj toe dd dudng truyen Internet toe dd cao qua 3G/4G. Yeu e l u du'pe dgt ra la trang bj mgt giao thO'c hogt ddng trao ddi thdng tin giu-a thiet bj va phan mem giam giat phai nhanh nhat, bang thdng t h l p va dg tin cay cao. Trong bai bao nay, tac gia SU' dyng edng nghd dign toan dam may trong viec giam sat, dieu khien va lu'u trO' dO' ligu.
2. Dtdu khien thay doi t i Ig phun nhien ligu 2.1. He thong phun xang di^n tCp Doi vdi cdng nghg phun xang didn tu', ed the chia iam hai loai chfnh Id hd thdng phun xang tryc tiep GDI (Gasonline Direct Injection) va he thong phun xang dien tO' EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection). 0 day, tae gia nghien cO'u xSy dyng thiet bj trdn bg dieu khien trdn hg thdng phun xang dien tu- EFI da diem (Mdi xi-lanh dupe trang bj mdt vdi phun ridng bigt dgt ngay trudc xupap).
NGHIEN ctru, TRAO DOI
D l i vdi he thong nay, mudn thay ddi lupng phun nhien lipu thi phai thay ddi dupe thdng sd di vao mdt trong cac cam bien nhu cam bien nhigt dp nude iam mat, cam bien nhigt dp nhidn lidu, cam bien oxi...Trong nghien cO'u nay, tac gia nghien cO'u thay ddi thdng sd d I u vao cua cam bien nhidt dd nyde lam mat va luu lupng khi nap. Ddng thdi thay ddi lupng phun ra kim phun b l n g each giam dp rdng xung ra kim. Phyang an thay doi dp rdng xung dat hi^u qua eao tuy nhidn phai can ehlnh hpp ly de tranh tru'dng hpp chet may hogc cdng s u i t may giam qua t h l p .
Throrile Coolant posllion Tamp tamp
(it Med) <rriiueaj
Hinh 1. Sa di ciu tao hg thong EFI [1]
2.2. Thay doi dp rgng xung qua kim Xung tu' ECU dua tdi kim la dgng xung vudng bidn dp 12V vdi t i n so va dp rpng thay ddi theo thdi gian.
R n
Hinh 3. Sa do mach bg phSn dgc kim phun tu- ECU
vay vigc c i t giam thdi lu'png phun Xifc la cat giam dd rdng pulse width cua xung de giam thdi gian m d kim.
De iam du'pe vide nay c l n thiet ke mach de dpc tin higu xung t d ECU va cap Igi tin higu phun ra kim sau khi da didu chlnh dp rpng pulse vt/idth theo "i/ mudn.
Bd phan nay dupe thiet ke dgc xung vudng vdi bidn dp t d 5-24V vdi t i n so ddng n g i t > 50Khz, opto each iy giu'a d I u vao va d I u ra tdi vi dieu khien. Su' dyng IC sehmitt trigger inputs de loai bo gpn sdng gay ra trong qua trinh van hanh, dam bao du'a den vi dieu khien tin hieu xung vudng chuan xae nhat.
Hinh 2. Gian di xung d$ng diiu che dd rdng
GND Hinh 4. So dd m^ch bd phan dp
tin higu kim phun Sau khi qua bp phan vi dieu khien x u ly xung va thay ddi dg rgng thi tien hanh xuat tin higu dieu khien ra Igi kim phun.
S6 66 thang 3/2019 E H
NGHI£N CtfU, TRAO OOI
Mgch SU' dyng Transistor NPN tan sd cao de tao ra xung nhip cung c l p cho kim phun dupe nhan t u vi dIdu khien Tac gia lya chgn Transistor logi TIP41C vi tan sd ddng n g I t phO hap va ddng tai 10A. V^^ = 60V.
2.3. Dieu khien thay doi thong so dau vao cam bien
Trdn cac xe hign dgi ngdy nay, hau h i t cac hogt ddng cua xe deu thdng qua cac cam bien va bd dieu khien trung tam ECU. Dgc diem chung cua eae logi cam bien nay la deu thay doi dien trd khi bj cac tac nhan tu" ddng ea gay nen. Vi the, tac gia su' dyng vl dieu khien de can thiep vao gia trj dau ra didn trd trudc khi dua ve ECU. Nhu' da de cap d trdn, tac gia nghidn edu thay ddi gia trj eua cam bien nhiet dg nu'dc iam mat va cam bien lu'u lupng khi nap.
Cam bien nude iam mat ed kha nang t y thay ddi dign t r d khi nhidt dp ddng ca thay doi H l u het cae cam bien nhidt dp nu'dc iam mat c d h d s d
T H E R M I S T O R C U R V E
1 _ 1 1 Vi vay
vay vide m i c mdt dign trd song song cho ta gia trj R,^ lOc nao cOng nhd han R^-
S.S 1
£
SCK •>
MOSl 3 cs«
SCK SI
FBD PWO PAO
mOT41010Pl 7 6 5
1 2 3 IPOT
^
{-17,771 {•S.BTi (4.4-1) (1S.56) ( £ 6 6 7 ) (37,78) ( 4 8 f l 9 ]
Hinh 5. Di thj bliu dien nhigt dg nw&c lam mit v&i dign tra cim biin[2], °F(°C) Theo dd thj nay khi nhidt dd nude lam mat tang Idn thi dign trd cam bien giam tO'c la may ndng len, dong nghTa vigc lupng phun se giam di.
Giai phap du'pe dua ra la m I c them mOt dien trd song song vdi cam bien va cd kha nang dieu ehJnh bang vi dieu khien. Sau khi m i e Rx song song mdt dien trd bat kl vdi cam bien ta ed:
Hinh 6. So do didn trd diiu khiin bing vi diiu khiin MCP41010 la mpt logi Single Digital Potentiometer dieu khien qua giao tiep SPI (1).
Dign trd nay ed gia trj 10kD d u p e chia thanh 2'^8=256 mO'c tdc mdt bu'de dieu khien ed Wie tinh chinh r=10kD/256=39 0 .
Vi dieu khien du'pe l^p trinh de dpc ve gia trJ! cam bien hidn tgi va dieu khien dign trd MCP41010 sao cho dgt gia tri ra cudi eOng tdt nhat. Thdng thu'dng tac gia khao sat khi dieu chinh d I u ra cudi cung tang khoang 10%-15%
gia tri cam bien hidn tgi thi ddng co hogt ddng tot va khdng anh hu'dng den qua trinh van hanh.
T u a n g t y vdi cam bien lu'u lu'png khI nap, tac gia cOng s u dyng giai phap n h y trdn.
Tuy nhidn mO'c dieu chinh chi tu' khoang 5%- 10% la tdt nhlt.
T u day, tac gia gpi hd thong mgch nay la mach dieu khien thdng sd.
2.4. Dieu khien va giam sat qua internet v a o ngay 30 thang 12 nam 2013, Espressif dS san xuat the hg chip ESP8266 la logi chip Wi-Fi SoC tich hpp vdi mdt Idi Tensilica
E Q S6 66-thang 3/2019
NGHIEN ClfU, TRAO DOI
Xtensa LX106 d u a c sO* dyng rgng rai trong cae d y an IoT v a o ngay 13 thang 10 nam 2014, d y an NodeMCU ESP8266 thay the cho ESP8266 • da dupe trien khai. The hd NodeMCU la mpt n i n tang md, nd bao gdm p h l n mem chgy trdn ESP8266 va p h l n ci/ng. Ban dau, NodeMCU ESP8266 dupe xay dyng trdn ngdn ngO' LUA.
Sau mpt thdi gian, NodeMCU d u a c phat trien cho hau h i t cac ngdn ngO' nen tang m d , dao bietiaArduino [3].
De tai nay su dyng chip ESP8266 de giao tiep vdi Internet de giam sat va thay doi cac thdng sd dS ndi d muc 2.
phai tai them gdi di kdm hd trp cho NodeMCU ESP8266 b l n g each cai dgt Ad-on vao chuang trinh nay.
Gdi cai dgt nay giup hd tra cho NodeMCU ESP8266: http://arduino.esp8266 com/stable/
package_esp8266comJndex.json Vigc lua chon chuan ket ndi vdi dam may sao cho tdt n h l t , it e h i l m bang thdng va on dmh la didu can thiet. Hau hdt didn toan ddm may deu dupe cac tap doan Idn hd tra nhu Google (Google Cloud), IBM (Thingspeaks), Dropbox, Olimex, Samsung...Tuy nhien, k i t noi vdi nhu'ng dam may m i l n phf h l u het d I u khdng on dinh vi toe dp khdng eao ndn lya chpn giao thue ed the t i l t kidm du'dng truyen la v i n de dupe dat ra. De giai quyet d u p e v i n de nay, tac gia nghidn cO'u va si> dyng giao thue MQTT.
M ^ c h a<au hhli
Hinh 7. Sa do ting quan he thing De xay dyng mdt he thdng can phai cd chuang trinh x u ly giO'a dien toan dam may vd mgch dieu khien thdng so. Ngdn ngu' d l dang Igp trinh cho nhO'ng ddi tupng ca chuydn va khdng chuyen laArduino. Arduino ho trp r l t tdt thu vign cho lap trinh, cd mdt phan mem lap trinh than thign vdi ngudi su' dyng.
Day la mdt p h l n mem Igp trinh hoan toan m i l n phi cho phdp ngudi dOng tai tgi. https://
www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software
Hinh 8. ESP8266 Wifi Chip Tuy nhien, phan m I m nay mgc djnh chi hd trp eho cac vi xu* 1^ Arduino. De Igp trinh du'pe eho NodeMCU ESP8266, ngu'di dung
Hinh 9. thu-c MQTT[4]
MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) la mpt giao thue gdi dgng publish/
subsenbe su' dung cho cae thiet bi Internet of Things vdi bang thdng thap, dp tin cgy cao va kha nang d u a c sO dyng trong mgng ludi khdng on dinh. [5]
Bdi vi giao thO'c nay su' dyng bang thdng thap trong mdi trudng cd dp tre eao ndn nd la mpt giao thdc ly tudng cho cac ung dyng M2M. [5]
MQTT cung la giao thue su' dung trong Facebook Messager Publish, Subscribe. [5]
Trong mdt hg thdng s u dyng giao thO'c MQTT, nhieu node trgm (gpi la MQTT client - ggi t i t la Client) ket ndi tdi mdt MQTT server (gpi la broker). Mdi Client se dang k\? mdt vai kdnh (topic), vi dy nhu Vclientl/channell",
Sd 6 6 thang 3 / 2 0 1 9
pn
NGHLEN ClJV, TRAO DOI
7client1/channel2". Qua trinh dang ky nay gpi la "subscribe", gidng nhu' dang k^ nhan tin tren mpt kenh Youtube. Moi client se nhan du'pe du" lidu khi bat k j trgm nao khae gdi dO lieu va kenh da dang ky. Khi mpt client gdi du- lieu tdi kdnh dd, gpi ia "publish".[5]
QoS[51
6" day cd 3 tuy chpn *QoS (Qualities of service)" khi "publish" va "subscribe"
• QoSO Broker/client se gdi dO* lidu dung 1 lan, qua trinh gdi d u p e xae nhgn bdi chi giao thO'c TCP/IP.
• QoSI Broker/client se gdi d u ligu vdi It n h l t 11ln xae nhan liy dau kia, nghTa la cd the cd nhieu han 1 lan xae nhan da nhan d u p e dO' lieu.
• QoS2 Broker/client dam bam khi gdi dO" ligu thi phia nhan chi nhan dupe dung 1 lan, qua trinh nay phai trai qua 4 bu'de b i t tay.
Mpt gdi tin cd the d u p e gdi d bat ky QoS nao, va cac client cOng ed the subscribe vdi bat ky yeu cau QoS nao. Cd nghTa la client se lu'a chpn QoS tdi da md nd ed de nhgn tin. V i du, neu 1 gdi dO' lieu du'pe publish vdi QoS2, va client subscribe vdi QoSO, thi gdi d u ligu diyac nhan ve client nay se du'pe broker gdi vdi QoSO, va 1 client khae dang k^ cOng kdnh nay vdi QoS 2, thi nd se du'pe Broker gdi d u lieu vdi QoS2.
Mpt vl dy khae, neu 1 client subscribe vdi QoS2 va gdi d u lieu gdi vao kenh dd publish vdi QoSO thi client dd se du'oc Broker gdi dO' lieu vdi QoSO. QoS cang cao thi cang dang tin cgy, dong thdi dp trd va bang thdng ddi hoi cOng eao han.
Retain [5]
Neu RETAIN d u p e set b l n g 1, khi gdi tin dupe publish tO' Client, Broker phai lu'u tru lai gdi tin vdi QoS, va nd se dupe gdi den bat ky Client nao subscribe cOng kenh trong tuang lai.
Khi mpt Client k i t noi tdi Broker va subscribe, nd se nhan dupe gdi tin eudi cung cd RETAIN
= 1 vdi bat ky topic nao ma nd dang ky
trung. Tuy nhien, n l u Broker nhgn du'pe gdi tin ma cd QoS = 0 va RETAIN = 1, nd se huy t i t ca cac gdi tin cd RETAIN = 1 trude dd. Va phai luu gdi tin nay Igi, nhu'ng hoan toan cd the huy bat ky lue nao.
Khi publish mpt gdi dO" lidu den Client, Broker phai cd RETAIN = 1 neu gdi du'pe gdi nhu la ket qua eua vigc subscribe mdl cuaClient (gidng nhu' tin n h l n ACK bao subscribe thanh cdng). RETAIN phai bang 0 neu khdng quan tam tdi ket qua cua vide subscribe.
LWT[5]
Gdi tin LWT (last will and testament) khdng thye s y biet d u p e Client ed tru'c tuyen hay khdng, do gdi tin KeepAlive dam nhan. Tuy nhidn gdi tin LWT nhu" la thdng tin dieu gi se xay den sau khi thiet bj ngogi tuyen.
NodeMCU ESP8266 hd trp thu' vign eho kdt ndi nay de cac thiet bj ed the trao doi du' lieu cho nhau.
Chon cloud cho MQTT du'pe hd trp bdi Google, Cloudmqtt, Adafruit..,midn phi. Neu c l n cung c l p cho nhidu thiet bi, ngudi dOng phai mua cloud hoae nang c l p gdi mien phf hien 2.5. Sipdung djch vy dien toan dam may:
Ket ndi MQTT du'pe hd trp mien phf d h l u het cae nha cung c l p dam may nhu:
http://io.adafruit.com https://iot-playground.com/
De tai nay s u dyng cloud tai https://www.
cloudmqtt.com/
c a c bu'de de dang kf mpt cloudmqtt m i l n phi.
a. Truy cap http://cloudmqtt.eom va dSng kl mpt tai khoan.
b. Sau dd vao Control Panel de tgo mpt subscription vdi ten md ta, vOng va gdi.
e. Sau khi khdi tgo cloudmqtt se cung c l p tdn Server, Passviford, Port de ESP8266 va phan mem dSng nhap vao tai khoan nay.
d S6 66-thang 3/2019
d. Moi User dupe cap phep truy cap dpc/
ghi Idn mdt Topic n h l t djnh. DO- ligu trdn Topic nay se la cSn cO' de cac t h i l t bj giao tiep chia se dO' lidu vdi nhau. Ngudi dOng cd the tgo cCing lOc nhieu User va truy cap ddng thdi vao dam mdy nay.
3. K i t qua ap d u n g thipc td tren xe
Hinh 10. Giao didn phin mem dieu khien bing SmartPhone De tai nay da O'ng dung thye tidn trdn cac ddng ca xSng su' dyng hd thong EFI.
D i i u khien cae thdng sd qua Internet vdi t i e dd tdt va dn djnh.
NGHIEN COU, TRAO DOI
Lu'png xang t i l t kidm dat khoang 8-12%
so vdi ban dau.
Dam may dgc biet chuyen dung eho ket ndi nay de trang bi tren lanh thd Vidt Nam la dieu can thiet HI
Tai ligu t h a m khao
[1] http://garage.grumpysperi=ormanee.
com/index.php?threads/setting-up-your-fuei- system.211/
[2] https7/wv™.ebookbkmt.com/2016/05/
sensor-nhiet-o-nuoc-iam-mat-tren-o-to.html [3] Peter Jennings. "The Button - a WiFi connected push button". Benlo.com. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
[4] NodeUSB. "An open IoT platform that simplyworks".NodeUSB.Retneved2April2015.
[5] Anne Jan Brouwer. "ijWatch-Part of IJhack project ijWare".ijWare. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
[6] https://www.nonwegianereations.com [7] http://kipalog.com/posts/Tim-hieu-ve- giao-thuc-MQTT—loT-protocol
DESIGN SOFTWARE CONTROL OVER FUEL RATIO ENGINE SMARTPHONES ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION WITH ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM
Nguyen A n h Tuan Email: [email protected]
Vo Dae Thinh Abstract:
Intelligent devices are increasingly being used in research and learning, as well as the daily lives of every human being. In particular, smartphones have become a familiar part of everyday life of every Individual and the demand for application of smartphone applications into research more and more practical. The topic of the control device changes the input parameters such as cooling water temperature, fuel temperature and injection rate In the electronic fuel injection system of the car engine to save fuel for the car The device can monitor and control electronic fuel Injection engine via the Internet
Keywords: IoT, ECU, EFI.
' Nguyen Anh Tuan - Ly Ta Trgng College
