Tieu ban: Khoa hoc Vdt lieu ISBN: 978-604-913-011 -3
PIN MAT TROil HUtJ CO
Nguyen Due Nghia, Nguyen Hong Minh, Ngo Trinh Tiing Vien Hda hpc
18 - Hoang Qudc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Ndi Email: ducnghia264(a).fpt.vn Tom tat:
Trong thi ky thu XXI ndng lugng Id vdn di hdng ddu md thi gidi phdi giai quyit. Vi vdy viec tim kiim ndng lugng khdc dang ddt ra bdi todn phdi gidi qiiyit ciia cdc nhd khoa hoc trong mgi ITnh vuc, trong dd linh vuc su dung ndng lugng mgt trdi dugc ddc biit qugn tdm vd ddu tu mgnh cd vi khoa hgc,cdng nghi vd kinh phi Mdt trong nhirng hudng khoa hgc ddy triin vgng Id Pin mdt trdi hiiu ca theg cdng nghi ngno. Trong bdo ndy chimg tdi trinh bdy mdt sd kit qud khoa hgc vd cdng nghi vi chi tao pin mgt trdi hint ca nano trong chuang trinh khoa hoc vdt liiu ciia Viin KH&CN Viet Nam.
Abstract:
Energy becomes the most problem of the world in the 2P' century. Searching for other energy sources requires scientist's effort in all of scientific areas. The
use of solar energy attracts special attention in science and technology with increasing in research funds. One of promising trends is organic solar cells based on nanotechnology. In this review, we report here some science and technology achievements in organic solar cells technology as part of materials science program of Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology.
I. MO DAU
Trong the ky thir XXI, nang lugng la van de hang dau ma the gidi phai giai quyet. Nhit la trong bdi canh ngudn dau md dan hi can kiet, gia thanh len cao, ngudn cung cap khdng In dinh. Ngudn than da ciing cd ban va d nhiem mdi trudng. Vi vay viec tim kiem nang lugng khac dang dat ra bai toan phai giai quyet ciia cac nha khoa hpc trong mpi ITnh vyc. Nhimg ngudn nang lugng cd trien vgng nhu nang lugng hat nhan, nhiet bach, nang lugng sinh hpc, nang lugng gid, sdng bien, thuy trieu, pin nhien lieu va nang lugng mat trdi. So vdi cac ngudn nang lugng khac ngudn nang lugng mat trdi cd nhiing uu diem:
- Ngudn nang lugng vd tan - Trang thiet bi don gian - Cd the trien khai mpi nai
- Nang lugng sach khdng gay d nhiem mdi trudng [1]
Tir nhiing nam 1970 ciia the ky trudc, Pin mat trdi ban dan hihi ca da dugc nghien ciru cbl tao nhung vi hieu suat chuyen hda thap nen nd khdng dugc chii y. Den nam 1986 C.Tang cua Eastman Kodak phat minh ra pin mat trdi hiin ca tren ca sd hon hgp ciia Copper Phtalocyanine (CuPc) va Perylene tetracarboxylic derivation vdi hieu suit chuyin hda tren 1%, md ra trien vgng cd the phat trien img dyng loai pin OSC. Sau do la mpt loat cdng trinh khoa hpc va phat minh sang che ve pin mat trdi hiin ca nano (NOSC). So vdi pin mat trdi vd ca, pin mat trdi he hiin ca cau tnic nano cd nhirng un diem:
- Cdng nghe che tao don gian, cd kha nang tao tam Idn - Tinh mem deo, trong sudt
- De bien tinh. cd dp linh dpng cao 114
Hgi nghi Khoa hoc ky niim 35 ndm Vien Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Not 10/2010
- Nhe va gia thanh thap
Tir nam 1990 vdi cdng nghe nano cac nha khoa hpc da che tao pin mat trdi bun ca mang mdng nano vdi chat hiru ca fullerence (Cgo) dat hieu suat quang dien tren 1%.. [2,]
Den nam 2000, cimg vdi sy tap trung nghien cuu cao dp, cac phdng thi nghiem cua My, Nhat da che tao dugc OSC vdi hieu suat 5%.. [3]
Nam 2005 vdi sy dieu chinh cau tnic vat lieu ban din hiin ca ngudi ta da che tao dugc OSC dat hieu suat phat quang den 10-11%. Vdi kit qua tren md rdng ra kha nang ung dyng rdng rai OSC. Cac nude dau tu nghien cuu nhilu OSC la My, Nhat, Tay Au, Han Qudc, Uc vdi thi phan phat minh sang ehl nam 2006: My 74%, Nhat 10%, Han quIc 6%o va \0% la cac nude cdn lai.
II.
NHCTNG K E T Q U A K H O AHOC VA CONG NGHE
Che tao pin mat troi hiru cc - Phong thi nghiem Hoa hoc Nano, Vien Hoa hoc, Vien Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Viet Nam
O Viet Nam, pin mat trdi hihi ca bat dau dugc trien khai nghien ciin tir nam 2005 bang de tai khoa hpc trong chuang trinh khoa hpc vat lieu ciia Vien KH&CN Viet nam. Bang sy nd lyc ciia cac can bd khoa hpc thyc hien de tai nghien ciin ve OSC va thdng qua hgp tac qudc te, trong thdi gian ngan vira qua, tap the cac nha khoa hpc thyc hien de tai da dat dugc mpt sd ket qua khoa hpc va cdng nghe cao, vdi nhieu cdng trinh khoa hpc dang tren tap chi qudc te, da lam chii dugc cdng nghe che tao mdt vai loai Pin mat trdi cd hieu suat cao, tuong duong vdi ket qua nghien cuu ciia nhieu phdng thi nghiem tren the gidi. Dudi day xin trinh bay nhirng thanh qua KH&CN da dat dugc ciia Phdng Thi nghiem Hda hpc Nano, Vien Hda hpc, ve de tai Pin mat trdi him ca. . [4,5]
1-Pin mat troi mang mong hCru co Donor/Acceptor (D-A) hieu suat cao (Bulk heterojunction polymer Donor/Apcceptor solar cells)
1.1. Qud trinh cdng nghi chi tgo linh kiin Pin OSC D/A
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P3HT PCBM ([6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid poly(3-hexylthiophene) methyl ester
Hinh I; Cdu tgg ciia P3HTvd PCBM diing chi tgo OSC
Trong OSC he yat lipu cho nhan (Donor/Acceeptor) vdi ciu tnic hai pha lien tuc dugc cho la cd hieu suat tdt nhat. De dat dugc dien tfch bl mat tilp xiic Idn nhit, vat lieu nhan phai cd dp hda tan cao trong dung mdi hiin ca. Vi vay, din suit ciia FuUerene CdO la ([6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) da dugc sir dyng lam vat lieu nhan dien tir trong he vat lieu cd dp ding nhat cao trong dung dich vdi chit polyme cho dien tir la poly(3- hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Trong nghien cuu nay, chung tdi da cbl tao Pin OSC cd hieu suit cao tren 3,6%o, ddng thdi ciing khao sat cac ylu t l anh hudng din hieu suit cua OSC he Donor/ Acceeptor vdi vat lieu lai he P3HT/PCBM.
Tieu ban: Khoa hoc Vdt liiu ISBN: 978-604-913-011-3
Quy trinh che tao Pin OSC loai nay dugc tien hanh phii timg ldp theo phuong phap spin coating bao gdm ldp PEDOT;PSS, ldp P3HT:PCBM:CB tilp theo phii mang dien cyc LiF:
Al. Nhu hinh 2
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Glass
Hinh 2; Sa dd cdu tgg pin mdt trdi dgng Donor/Acceptor
1.2. Dgc trung phglocurrent- pholovoltgge eug Pin OSC dgng D/A sir dung P3HT/PCBM Dac trung J-V ciia Pin OSC dang D/A sir dyng P3HT/PCBM dugc xac dinh khi chieu anh sang cd cudng dp AM 1.5G (100 mW/cm^) dat hieu suit 2.0-3,6%).[6]
2-. Pin mat troi hiiu co' diep luc (Chlorophill) - Mo phong sinh hoc
Hinh 3; Qud trinh qugng hgp Irong lir nhiin 2.1. Md phdng qud trinh quang hgp ciia cdy xanh irong lu nhiin
Bang cdng nghe md phdng sinh hpc, ta sir dyng chlorophill lam chit miu cam iing anh sang, hap thy photon, hinh thanh cap dien tir va lo trdng.Thay vi cd mang Ipc sinh hpc, ta dat mang ban dan nano chuyen dien tir. Chat dien ly him co cd kha nang bii dien tir cho chit miu trd thanh ion duong d dien cyc.
C b l (adsorbed) + A ^ ^ S(adsorbed) + A A(caihode) + C —> A (cathode)
Ket qua qua trinh nay sinh ra ddng dien d hai cyc. (Nhu hinh 4).
2.2. Kit qud nghiin eitu [7]
2.2.1.Chat mau Diep lyc ( Chlorophillin)
Mau Diep luc dugc che tao bang cdng nghe tach chiet mau xanh tir cay rau muong. Day la chat diep luc cau tnic phirc cd lien ket ddi lien hgp vdi nhan la kim loai Magie. Dl lam In
116
Hoi nghi Khoa hoc ky niim 35 ndm Viin Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam — Hd Ngi 10/2010
Biomimetic Chlorophill- solar cell
< structure & Principie >
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Hinh 4; Pin mat trdi chlorophill md phdng sinh hgc
dinh chat diep lyc nay va keo dai thdi gian sdng ciia pin , chiing tdi da thay nhan Mg bing nhan ddng. Kit qua da keo dai thdi gian sdng ciia Pin din 18 thang.
2.2.2. Dien cyc nano Ti02
Dien cyc nhan dipn tir trong Pin DDSC ddng vai trd quan trong. La nhirng chit ban din cd nang lugng viing cim thip. Nhimg yat lieu tieu bilu thich hgp lam dien cue la Titan dioxit Ti02, Kem oxit ZnO... Ddng thai de tang kha nang bit dien tir vdi thdi gian nhanh va van chuyen dien tir tdt thi dien tich be mat ciia dien cyc phai Idn. D I giai quylt yeu ciu nay chiing tdi da che tao dien cyc Ti02 cau true Nano theo phuong phap Sol-gel. Kit qua dugc trinh bay bang anh SEM tren hinh 5. [8]
Hinh 5; Anh SEM bi cdu trite bi mat vd do ddy ciia mdng TiO2
Tren hinh 5 ta thay rd cau true nano ciia mang Ti02. Vdi nhirng hat nano cd dp Idn khoang 20 nm va be day cua mang khoang 3 pm.
2.2.3. Dac tinh photocurrent- photovoltage ciia Pin Chlorophill
Dac trung J-V ciia Pin mat trdi sir dyng Chlorophill dugc xac dinh khi chilu anh sang cd cudng dp AM 1.5G (100 mW/cm^) dat hieu suit 1,036%.
Pin mat trdi md phdng sinh hpc sir dyng chit miu Diep lyc tir rau mulng , dat hieu suit thap khdng cd y nghTa thyc t l nhung mang y nghTa khoa hpc va mdi trudng. Nhdm hpc sinh ,sinh vien tien hanh dl tai nay da duac giai NHAT cude thi khoa hoc tre tai SFNGAPO nam 2010
3-Pin mat troi huu co chat mau nhay sang hieu suit cao [8-11]
3.1-Anh hudng ciia edu tnic chdt mdu nhgy sdng din hogt ddng ciia pin mat trai hihi ca
^ Mdt chat mau nhay sang ly tudng trong mpt pin quang dien don kit n i i diing dl chuyen hda anh sang ty nhien thanh dien nang phai hip thy toan bp anh sang cd budc sdng
Tieu ban: Khoa hoc Vdi lieu ISBN: 978-604-913-011-3
ngan ban 920 nm. Ngoai ra, nd cdn phai cd cac nhdm chuc thuc hien chirc nang gin ket vdi chat nen nhu cacboxylat hay photphonat de cd the gan chat vdi bl mat oxit ban dan. Klii bi kich boat, nd phai truyen cac dien tir vao chat ran vdi hieu suit lugng tir dan nhit. Mirc nang lugng d trang thai kich boat cua chat mau phai phii hgp vdi gidi han dudi ciia mien dan oxit de giam thieu tdn hao nang lugng trong qua trinh van chuyen dien tir. TbI oxy hda khir cua chat mau ciing phai dii cao de nd cd the dugc tai tao lai nhd sy nhuong dien tir cua chat dien ly. Va nd ciing phai dii ben de boat trong 20 nam dudi anh sang mat trdi tuong img vdi trai qua 10 lan quay vdng.
Cac phiic polypyridyl ciia ruthenium va osmium la nhiing chat mau nhay sang the hien tinh chat quang dien tdt nhat ca ve mat hieu suat chuyen lan do ben khi boat ddng theo thdi gian. Nhirng chat mau nhay sang cd cdng thiic chung la ML2(X)2, trong dd L la axit 2,2'- bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic, M la Ru hay Os cdn X la mpt nhdm the halogen, cyanit, thiocyanat, acetyl acetonat, thiacacbamat hay nude la nhiing chat cd hua hen thyc te. Vi vay phirc cis RuL2(NCS)2 - hay cdn gpi la N3 - dugc chpn lam chat nhay sang truyen dien tich di the mau trong cac pin mat trdi mao quan trung binh. N3 cd 'viing hap thy cyc dai d budc sdng 518 nm va 380 nm, tuong ung vdi he sd kfch boat la 1,3 M"'cm"' va 1,33.10"* M"'cm"'. Phuc nay phat xa sdng cd budc sdng 750 nm trong thdi gian 60 ns. Sy truyen quang cd dac tinh truyen dien tich kim loai - phdi tir (MLCT): sy kich hoat ciia chat mau lien quan den su truyen mdt electron tir kim loai tdi obitan p ciia be mat dang lien ket vdi phdi hi: bipyridyl da cacboxylat hda, thdi gian tir femto tdi pico giay tao thanh hat tai vdi hieu suat lugng tir don nhat.
Mpt tinh chat vd ciing dac biet ciia DSSC la nd rit kem nhay vdi nhiet dp. Cy thi khi tang nhiet dp 20 den 60°C thi hieu suat ciia pin thay ddi khdng dang ke. Dieu nay vd ciing quan trpng bdi vi khi lam viec d ngoai anh sang mat trdi thi nhiet dp cua pin nhanh chdng tang len 60^0. Day la mdt lgi the Idn so vdi pin mat trdi vd co, bdi vi vdi pin mat trdi vd co se giam hieu suat chuyen ddi len tdi 20%).
3.2- Tdng hgp chdt mdu nhgy sdng Ruthenium (II) bipyridine chira nhdm chuc cabazon su dung Pin DSSC cd hiiu sudt cao
De lam chu dugc cdng nghe che tao Pin mat trdi dang DSSC cd hieu suit cao, chung tdi da thiet ke, tdng hgp cau tnic mdi ciia chat nhay sang cd cdng thirc chung nhu hinh 6 la eis- [Ru(H2dcbpy)(L)(NCS)2], trong dd H2dcbpy = 4,4'-dicarboxylic acid-2,2'-bipyridine va L = 4,4'-bis-(4-di-p-hexyloxyphenylamino)-styryl-2,2'-bipyridine (HMP-9) va 4,4'-bis-(4-(N- carbazolyl)-phenyl-2-vinyl)-2,2'-bipyridine (HMP-11) nhim cai thien hieu suit pin mat trdi dua tren dien cue Ti02, ZnO cau true nano. Hieu suat ciia pin mat trdi Ti02 dya tren nhirng chat mau nay da dugc nghien ciin. Hieu suat tdt nhat thu dugc khi sir dyng chit mau Rut-B cho hieu suat chuyen hda 6.1%o trong dilu kien AM 1.5G. Ciu tnic ciia cac chit miu do chiing tdi tdng hgp nhu hinh 6.
3.3-Kit qud nghiin ciru
Phd UV-Vis ciia chat nhay sang trong DMF (ca. 1.23 x 1 0 " ' M ) dugc chi ra tren Hinh 7a.
Chat mau Rut-Bl ed 3 cyc dai hap thy d 291 nm, 369 nm, va 527 nm. Cyc dai tai 291 nm dac trung cho su chuyen mirc TT - TT ciia bipyridin. Cyc dai thu hai d 369 nm dac trung cho chuyen mirc TT - TT ciia ligan Bl va mdt phan ciia chuyen muc dien tich tir kim loai din ligan (MLCT). Cyc dai tai 527 nm dac trung cho MLCT gay nen bdi ligan NCS. Nhirng cyc dai hap thy tuong ty ciing xuat hien vdi Rut-B tai 294 nm, 384 nm, va 535 nm. Dai cd nang luang thap nhat MLCT ciia Rut-B dich chuyen ve phia budc sdng dai 8 nm so vdi Rut-B 1 va cd he sd dap tat tai 535 nm la 20760 M"'cm"', cao hon Rut-Bl vdi 17300 M"'cm''. Su dich chuyin
Hoi nghj Khoa hoc ky niim 35 ndm Vien Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Noi 10/2010
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350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 Wavelength (nm)
400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 Wavelength (nm)
Hinh 7: Phd hdp thu ciia Rut-B I vd Rut-B trong DMF (a), hdp phu tren mdng Ti02 (b) ve phia budc sdng dai ciia MLCT va cd he s l dap tit cao ban do bdi su tang cudng chuyin vi cua dien tir n khi gan chuoi hexyl oxi len cacbazol. [12]
Phd hap thy ciia nhiing chit nhay sang nay len mang Ti02 8 pm dugc chi ra tren Hinh 7b.
Chat mau Rut-Bl va Rut-B cd dac tnmg phd tuong ty nhu trong dung dich nhung cyc dai hip thy dich chuyen nhe vl phfa budc sdng dai do su dich chuyin miirc nang luang cua chit mau khi hap phy len Ti02.
Pin mat trdi chat mau nhay sang dugc chi tao sir dung Rut-Bl, Rut-B lam chit nhay sang cho dien cyc Ti02 12 pm tren dl FTO. Dac trung J-V ciia pin mat trdi dugc do trong dilu kien AM 1.5 va dugc trinh bay tren Hinh 4. Linh kien sir dung Rut-B cd thi mach hd (VQC) va
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Voltage (V)
Hinh 8: Ddc trung J- V cua DSSC su dung chdt mdu Rut-Bl, Rut-B Cuang dd chiiu sdng AM I.5G(I00mW/cm^)
Tieu ban: Khoa hoc I 'dt hiu ISBN: 978-604-913-011-3
ddng ngan mach (Jsc) cao ban so vdi Rut-Bl. cho thiy hieu qua ciia chuoi hexyloxy. Rut- B/DSSC cd Voc = 0.71 V, Jsc = 13.6 mA/cm" va hi sd lip diy (ff) la 0.63, cd hieu suit 6.1
%o._ Trong dilu kien tuong tu, Rut-B cd VQC = 0.67 V, Jsc= 1 LSmA/cm". ff = 0.64. \ a cd hifu suat 4.87 %. Hieu suat cao cua Rut-B la do Rut-B cd he s l dap tit eao. Chuoi hexyloxy gan tren cacbazol cho thay kha nang tdi uu hda cau tnic ciia phiic ruthenium.
4-Pin mat troi dien cue ZnO su dung chit miu nhay sang HMP co he so dap tit cao 4.1- Tdng hgp chdt mdu nhgy sdng HMP cd Miu sd ddp tdt egg. [13]
Trong cdng trinh nay, chiing tdi thiet ke, tdng hgp ciu tnic mdi cua chit nhay sang cd cdng thuc chung c/5-[Ru(H2dcbpy)(L)(NCS)2], trong dd H2dcbpy = 4,4"-dicarboxylic acid-2,2'- bipyridine va L = 4,4'-bis-(4-di-p-hexyloxyphenylamino)-s't}Tyl-2,2'-bipyridine (HMP-9) va 4,4'-bis;(4-(N-carbazolyl)-phenyl-2-vinyl)-2,2"-bipyridine (HMP-1 l),hinh 9, nhim cai thien hieu suat pin mat trdi dya tren dien cyc ZnO ciu tnic nano. Kit qua nlian dugc cho thi>' hieu suat cao hon so vdi khi sir dyng chit mau HMP-2 (Ru(H2dcbpy) (4-(4-(N.N-di-(p- hexyloxyphenyl)-amino)styryl)-4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine) (NCS)2) da cdng bo trudc day. [10]
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Hinh 9; Cdu true phdn tu ciia chdt mdu HMP-9, HMP-11
ffinh 10 cho thay phd hap thu ciia HMP-9, HMP-11 (lO'M) trong DMF. Cue dai dac trung cho chuyen dien tfch kim loai-ligan (MLCT) tai 526 nm ddi vdi HMP-9 va 539 nm ddi vdi HMP-I I. Su cd mat ciia cacbazol trong HMP-11 din den su dich chuyin cue dai dai MLCT ve phfa sdng dai 9 nm so vdi chat mau N3. Khao sat ciia Chen va cpng sy cung cho ket qua tuang tu. Su tang dp dai lien hgp TT trong HMP-9, HMP-11 din den su tang he sd dap tit so vdi N3.
He sd dap tat ciia dai MLCT ciia HMP-9 va HMP-11 la 23.5 x 10' M ' c m ' va 21.4 x 10' M' 'cm"', cao hon nhieu so vdi N3 (14.5 x l O ' M ' c m ' ) .
50(D 600 W a v e l e r i g t h (nm ]
Hinh 10; Phd hdp thu cua HMP-9 (A), HMP-I If J), vd N3 (m) irong DMF
120
Hoi nghi Khoa hoc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Not 10/2010
4.2-Chdt diin cue bdn ddn ZnO
Trong sd nhirng ban dan loai p cd viing cam rdng, ZnO dugc tap trung nghien ciin do cd do linh ddng dien tir cao, qui trinh che tao don gian, va sy da dang vl hinh thai hpc bao gIm: hat nano, tam nano, dng nano, day nano, tetrapod, cau tnic hierarchical, nanoflower, nanotip, va nhung cau tnic nano phan nhanh. Tuy nhien nhimg ciu true nay cd nhugc dilm la cd dien tich be mat thip ban so vdi ciu tnic mang xdp (dien tich bl mat Idn la cin thilt dl mang lugng chat mau tdi da), lam giam hieu qua chuyen hda nang lugng dii vdi mpt dan ldp chit mau hap phu len be mat oxit kem. Nhung cdng b l gin day cho thiy tim quan trpng ciia hinh thai hpc ZnO, dac biet la nhirng cau true nano dan hudng cho phep van chuyin dien tich tryc tilp hudng ve dien cyc, tranh sy nhay ngau nhien ciia dien tich va bay d bien hat nano. [11] Cho den nay, c/i'-dithiocyanatobis(4,4'-dicarboxylic acid-2,2'-bipyridine)-ruthenium(II) (N3) van thudng dugc sir dyng cho DSSCs dya tren ZnO. Nhiing giai phap nhu thay ddi hinh thai hoc.
Htnh II; Phd nhiiu xa tia X ciia linh thi ZnO trin bi mat ITO (a) vd dnh SEM ciia tinh thi nano ZnO (b) thdm mdu N3(c) vd HMP-2 (d)
dd^ day, da khdng cai thien dang kl hieu suit ciia pin mat trdi ZnO. [5,6] Trong mpt s l it thdr^g bao, bien ddi cau true ZnO nhu tao ldp, pha tap Ga cd thi cho hieu suit 5-6 %. [12] Sir ly be mat hoac thiet ke nhung chit mau mdi cd he s l dap tit cao, la mot each tilp can cd hieu qua de tang hieu suit ciia pin mat trdi ZnO. [6,10]
Trong pin mat trdi ZnO, giam thilu sy tao thanh phirc Zn^Vdye, la ldp each dien ngan can qua Uinh van chuyen dien tich trong pin gay nen sy giam hieu suit, la mpt thach thiic cin giai quyet. Cau true chat mau, gin them nhung ciu tnic cho dien tir, sy tao nhirng lien kit lien hgp, va sy tuong thich giira quT dao phan tir chua diln diy thip nhit (LUMO) ciia chit mau va dai dan cua oxit kim loai gdp phin cai thien hieu suit ciia pin mat trdi.
4.3- Dgc trung J-V ciia Pin DSSC diin cue ZnO sit dung chdt mdu HMP cd he sd ddp tdt ego Dac trung J-V cua pin mat trdi sir dyng HMP-9, HMP-11 duac thi hien tren Hinh 12 Trong dieu kien AM 1.5G (100 mW/cm') chit mau HMP-11 dat hieu suit 7.09 %, phin Idn duac dong gop boi mat dp ddng ngan mach Jsc cao 23.5 mA/cml Kit qua nay cho thiy anh hudng cua he so dap tat va dac trung hap thy len hieu suit ciia pin mat trdi. Chit mau HMP-9 cd he so dap tat cao, tuy nhien gia tri Jsc chi dat 16.5 mAJcm\ khdng cao han nhilu so vai N3 (14
Tieu ban: Khoa hoc Vdt liiu ISBN: 978-604-913-0;'-3
mA/cm^) nen cho hieu suit 5.34 %o. Linh kien HMP-I 1/DSSC cd he sl lip diy (ff) kha thap (0.49), nhiing cai thien sir ly be mat nhu dua them 4-tert-butylpiridin, Li(CF3S02)2N, [13]
hoac tao ra nhiing cau tnic Idi-vd. [14]
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Hinh 12; Ddc trung J-V cua DSSC trong diiu kiin chiiu sdng (100 mW/cm ) , HMP-9 (Af HMP-I I (ff vd N3 (m)
5-Pin mat troi sir dung cham luong tu . [15]
5.1- Chi tgo lap mdng lai Ti02/ Chdm lugng tu
Trong thdi gian gan day, kha nang nha^ sang ciia ldp Ti02 gan vai cac cham lugng tir khac nhau da dugc nghien cuu thir nghiem. Ve mat ly thuyet, cac cham lugng tir rat phii hgp va cd kha nang lam tang manh hieu suat chuyen hda nang lugng mat trdi thanh dien. Vi cham lugng tir cd kha nang hap thy photon tao thanh nhieu Exiton. Ngoai ra, cham lugng tir cd dp ben cao,cd the thay ddi khe nang lugng viing cam va de dang gia cdng. Vi vay QD la vat lieu ly tudng de cd the tdi uu hda hieu suat chuyen hda cua pin mat trdi.Them nira, QD cd the gia cdng bang phuang phap don gian spin-coating vi vay gia thanh re. Cho den nay pin mat trdi sir dyng QD nhay sang van chua dugc nghien cuu va danh gia day dii. Mdi day cd mpt sd bao cao ve bien tinh ldp Ti02 vdi CdSe, CdTe va InAs.
Trong cdng trinh nay, chiing tdi nghien cuu ^an Colloid QD vao ldp mang Ti02 ciu tnic nano cd khe nang lugng Idn, ket hgp vdi chat mau nhay sang trong Pin mat trdi DSSC
5.2- Kit qud do hdp thu cua mdng CdSe /Ti02 vdi kich thuac chdm lugng tit khdc nhau Khi tham cac QDs vao mang xdp Ti02 va do phi hip thy thi ta thiy ring phd hip thy ciia cac mang Ti02 tang cudng dp ban so vdi cham lugng tir. tuy nhien cac dinh hip thy diu dich chuyen rat it hoac cd the coi la khdng dich chuyen.
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TTinh 13; Phd hdp thii quang cita cdc mdng Ti02 dugc thdm QDs CdSe cd kich thuac khdc
nhau. Phd hdp thu cita QDs (bin trdi), ciia QDs/Ti02(bin phdi)
Hgi nghi Khoa hoc ky niim 35 ndm Vien Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Noi 10 2010
So sanh giira cac dudng cong thi ta thay vdi nhiing chim lugng tir cd kfch tbudc nhd thi dinh hip thy cang gan ve cac viing budc sdng ngan. Day la mpt tinh chit ciia cham lugng tir.
Tir do Cling chung minh rang vimg cam cua cac QDs cd kich tbudc nhd ban thi se rdng ban.
Vdi cdc hgt Ti02 cd kich thuac khdc nhau;
Anh hudng ciia kfch tbudc hat Ti02 len dp hap thy ciia mang Ti02 dugc thim CdSe tren ITO
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PPinh 14: Phd hdp thu ciia mdng Ti02/CdSe vdi cdc kich thuac hgt TiO2 khdc nhau.
Tir hinh 14 ta thay phd hap thy ciia mang Ti02/CdSe vdi cac kich tbudc hat khac nhau thi deu cd dinh cue dai nam d budc sdng khoang 550 nm. Nhung diem khac biet la ve cudng dp hap thy la khac nhau. Vdi cac mang ma Ti02 cd kich tbudc Idn hon thi dp hap thy Idn hon.
5.3.Nghien ciru tdc ddng ciia QDs lin chdt mdu nhgy quang
Pho phat xa ciia chat mau N719 va chat mau N719 cd pha them cham lugng tir CdTe.
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Htnh 15; Phd phdt xg ciia N719 vd N719 + CdTe Hinh 16. Ddc trung ddng thi cita Ti02 (—) vd Ti02/CdTe( ;
Khi ta pha them cham lugng tir vao chat mau thi phd phat xa cua hon hgp nay la su ting hgp ciia ca 2 chat. It cd su dich ciia cac dinh phd so vdi phd ciia timg chat.
4.4.Kit qud khdo sdt tinh chdt quang dien
Ket qua do ddng va the cua pin mat trdi dudi anh sang mat trdi vao luc giira trua vdi loai pin
sir dung dien cue cd mang lai giira T1O2 va chim lugng tir CdTe sir dyng chit mau N719.
Tiiu ban: Khoa hoc Vdt lieu ISBN: 978-604-913-0II-3
dugc trinh bay hinh 17.Tir hinh 17, ta thiy dugc vdi pin mat trdi hiin ca sir dung dien cyc Ti02 cd pha them cham lugng tir thi mat dp ddng Idn ban. Day la ket qua ciia su tang hap thy ciia ldp mang Ti02 khi dugc pha them cham lugng tir \'ao. Tao ra them nhieu dien tir va cd the la do tang kha nang nhan (Acceptor) ciia ldp mang. Tuy nhien do dieu kien khdng cho phep nen chiing tdi chua the khao sat ve sy tang kha nang truyen dien tir giira Ti02 va cham lugng tir.
Tir ket qua tren ta thay rang vdi dien cyc Ti02/CdTe thi hieu suat chuyen hda nang lugng dat Idn ban. Day la sy thay ddi dang chu y.
HL KET LUAN
Nang lugng mat trdi la ngudn nang lugng sach va vd tan. Viec nghien cim nang cao hieu suat chuyen hda quang nang thanh dien nang, gia thanh re va tien dyng ciia Pin mat trdi bun CO dang dugc nhieu nha khoa hpc d nhieu nude dang tien hanh. 0 nude ta lan dau tien trien khai nghien cim de tai nay, tat nhien gap nhieu khd khan nhung da dat dugc mpt sd ket qua khoa hpc va cdng nghe dat trinh dp ciia the gidi. Bang sy tai trg kinh phi cua chuong trinh Khoa hpc vat lieu, chiing ta da tao dyng dugc qu)- trinh cdng nghe che tao Pin mat trdi hiin ca va dao tao dugc dpi ngii cac bp khoa hpc tre cd kien thuc cao ve hudng khoa hpc mdi nay.
Tdi xin cam on lanh dao Vien KH&CN Viet nam, cam on ban chu nhiem chuang trinh KH Vat lieu da tai trg cho de tai khoa hpc nay.
Loi cam on
Cac tac gia xin chan thanh cam on quy NAFOSTED, da tai trg de thyc hien de tai nghien cim nay.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
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Hoi nghi Khoa hoc ky niim 35 ndm Viin Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Ha Ngi 10/2010
