KY TNURT VA COKG HGHl HRNH CHINH
iifoifNG PHAN MEM MicROion PomitPoim IQONG IHIET KE VA WtfC HI$H BAl GIANG
PGS.TS. l£ THI VAN HANH*
I. NMlu ngMen cflu cM ra ring, ngudi hge, ddc Met Ik ngudi tradng tiiknh, cM frong vdng 24 tidng ddng hfi da qudn di 50% nhflng gl hg cM nghe dugc qua cdc bki giing, sau 2 min hg se quen 25% vk ndu liu hem ntta, bg se khfing edn nhd dugc bao nMdu... Vi vdy, niu ngudi hgc cM tilp nhdn thfing tin qua vide nghe mk khdng dugc phdt huy cac gidc quan, khdng tham gia ti'ch eye vko mgi boat ddng tren Idp, chic chin Meu qui hgc tdp dd se khdng eao.
Kmh ngMem eho tiidy, ngudi ldn, cttng nhu tre em, se hgc tfit hem niu thfing tin dugc trinh bky theo nhilu kilu khic nhau. Trong bki vidt nay, chflng tdi gidi tMeu cich sft dung phdn mlm Microsoft PowerPomt trong thidt kdvk thyc Mdn bki giing.
Microsoft PowerPomt Ik phdn mlm trong bd edng cu Microsoft Office, dugc sft dung dl tMIt kiminh boa, thuyit trinh vk dugc sft dung phd bidn nhdt Mdn nay.
PowerPoint cho phep tMdt kd d (Gdn rdng, giflp giing vidn ttiiih bky ndi dung mfit cdch lOgfeh, din dkt ddn timg vdn dl cu thi..., cd thi kem theo ttang inh, hlnh ve, so dd, dm nhac khdc nhau, vdi nhflng dang kiiu chtt khie nhau dknh cho phin ddt edu hdi. Giing vidn cd thi tMIt kl eic sGde cho phdn ndi dung bki giang cfta mlnb theo J mufin, cd thi giy fli tugng bing vide kft
nfii cdc sGde theo hlnh thfle ty dfing hoi hokn tokn hodc tbeo hinh thflc ty dilu kMin thfing qua bkn phfm, hay con ehuftt; die bidt, giflp cho giing vidn hokn tokn chft dfing ttong budi giing day vk dat du<?c Mdu qua cao nhdt.
Bing each sft dung thknh tiiao phin mlm PowerPcrint dl chuin bi vk thyc Mdn cic bki giang eia minh, cdc giing vien cd thi dua thfing tm ddn vdi ngudi hgc thfing qua nMlu kenh khic nhau, khic phuc dugc sy don dieu cia phuang phip giing bki trayin thfing. Giing bki dftng PowerPennt, cflng cd thi khuyin kMch ngudi hgc tilp nhdn thfing tin bdng cdc gidc quan khic nhau.
Hiy nMen, ttong thyc tl, khfing phii ai cflng thknh cfing vdi viec thyc Men bii giing bing PowerPomt. Sau ddy la mdt sfi kmh nghidm duge dflc kdt tft thyc tl, giflp cho giang vidn thknh cfing ttong vide tMdt kl vk thuc Men bki giang kM ditag PowerPoint:
Thi nhdt, khfing nen eoi viec soan bki gidng tldn POwerPOmt Ik di thi Men da ip dung phucmg phip giing day Mdn dai.
Rdt nMlu ngucM lim tudng ring chi cin trinh bky bki giing thfing qua cdc sGde ttdn Poweri^Mut Ik di dl dugc xem Ik ngudi bidt dp dung phucmg phdp giang day mdil
• Hgc vl$n Hdnh chlnh
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Hong thuc td cho thdy, nMlu giing vidn cM ngfii bdm mdy tfnh rfii dgc sGde vk do cd phucmg tifin "nhic bki hd", giing vidn chdiig cin thufic bki! Trong nMlu trudng hgp, giing vidn cM viec biin len mkn hlnh nhttng slide cM cMt teikn chtt dugc copy tft woid rfii... dgc! So vdi nhttng tinh hufing nhu vdy, phuang phip giing bki trayin thfing ed trao d& hai cMlu thfing qua eac ciu dfi, edu hdi vk co hfii tranh ludn cdn Men dai vk thknh edng hem nhilu!
Thi hai, khdng nen xem viec sft dung PowerPomt Ik phuong tien chuyin tii vk trtah chilu tokii bd gido dn.
Khi ngudi giing vien ehuin bj gido dn bki giing, thudng sft dyng vdn vidt, cdn khi giing bki, giang vien sft dung vdn ndi kit hgp vdi cic eft cM i ^ ngdn ngtt dl nhdn manh hodc thi Men thdi dd, cim xflc dtfi vdi vdn dl cin ttlnh biy. Khi sft dung I\)werPoint, thi khdng thi trtnh diln cic slide dugc chuin bj bang vdn vidt idi dgc, hodc cung khdng thi trinh (Gin cic sG(le vdi nhttng cdu vdn ndi (vl khi ndi, giing vien cfi thi sfta ddi, bd sung nMlu thknh phin lim cho ciu vkn frd nen sinh ddng, dl hilu hon). Dfing thdi, cung cd thi giii thfch thdng qua nhilu phudng phip vk dftng nMlu kiiu ngdn ngtt - dilu mk giang vien khdng sao didn ti ndi trdn cic slide.
Thi ba, khdng ndn xem viee sft dung PowerFVjint Ik phuong tien bd trg giii tn lim eho ngudi hgc bdt cdng thing.
Thyc td, nMlu ngudi da ngM nhu vdy ndn phdt huy tfii da cic tidn fch cfta POwoFomt nUlu mku sic, chen nMlu hlnh anh, dm thanh, thdm cM ci cdc hlnh inh dfing dl gdy dh tugng vk tao cim giic thoii mil cho ngudi hgc. trong thyc tl, kU sft dung PoweiFomt uieo cdch nhu vdy, ngudi bgc khfing cdn quan tfln din nhitag thdng didp chfnh ciia bki giing ngoki vide chfl J ddn nhttng cM tift phu cfta viec tiiidt kd sGde.
Thi tu, khdng ndn xem vide eung cdp cho hgc vien cic sGde bki giing Ik di di trang bj tki lidu dgc 6 nhk.
NMlu giing vien cho ring kit tiiflc bki giing cM cin ttang bj cho bgc vien cic sGde bki giing Ik dft di hg ty hgc thdm d nhk. Hiy nMdn, trong thye tl, cic sGde bki giing cM cd thi dugc Miu mdt cich dflng din kM kdt hgp vdi vide nghe giing trdn ldp va dgc tiidm tki Gdu tham khio. Trong nhilu trudng hgp, ede giang vidn da "dd khdc, dd cudi" kM nMlu hgc vidn "bd nguydn xi" nfii dung cic sGdes dl tta ldi cac edu hdi tlii, din ddn tlnb ttang tti Idi edu hdi "cut Iftn", cdu khfing ra edu, J khfing ra J!
Thi ndm, ndn ttau ddi Icy ndng tMIt kd vk thue Men bii giing dftng PowerPomt.
Khfing phii chi bidt ky thudt sft dung thknh thao PowerPbmt Ik cfi thi thye bidn thknh efing bki giing bing phuong phip nky. Ngugc lai vdi quan niem cho ring, khi sft dung PowerPoint, giing vien khdng cdn thudc bki vl cd cie slide giflp cho giing vien nhd dugc ngi dung bki giing. Do vdy, ldi khuyin d ddy khi sft dung thknh cfing viec dftng PowerPoint, cdc giing vien ein phii thufic bki din mflc cd thi Iinh boat xiy dyng dugc kich ban theo J mufin vk cho tftng dfii tugng hgc vien ngay tai I(^ hgc.
2. Tft mfit sfi ban chl ttong viec sft dung PowerPomt, chflng tfii dua ra mfit sfi bf quylt dl tMIt kd vk thyc hidn thkifli edng bki giing nhu sau:
Mdt li, eich tMdt kl sGde bki giing ding powerpoint.
Dl ed till tMdt kd duge ndi dung cdc sGde bai giang, giing vidn phai thudc bki.
Dl tu tm trayin tii mdt lugng kiln thflc, giing vidn cdn phai Miu bilt nMlu hem din 10 lin. KM thudc vk lkm chft dugc ndi dung bki giang, giing vidn cin pbii lkm duge thknh thao cic budc sau:
Budc 1: Xiy difng bdn dd tu duylcdy vdn ii: hay tudng tugng ring, vide tiinh bky vdh dl cho nhttng ngudi chua bilt ^ hodc bidt rfl ft, di tlm ra Idgfch tMch hgp nhfl cbo viec tMIt k l kich bin bki giing titi
TAP CHi OUAN i t NHA tViiX - sd 194 (3-2012) 77
KY T H U A T VA CdNQ NGH$ HANH C H I N H nhttng giing vien nMlu kinh ngMem diu bidt cich xiy dyng cdc kich ban bii giang khac nhau cho tttng dfii tugng bge vidn.
C^n dfii voi giing vidn tte, dl cfi dugc kich bin bki giang, cin phai bilt each dung phucmg phap "ve bin dd ta duy" (mind mapping) bode cdy vin dl (problem ttee) di xdy dyng mfit bflc ttanh Ifigfcb nhttng vdn dl mk giing vidn cin ttlnh bky. Mfit bki giang thknh cfing la bki giing dugc thyc Mdn theo mfit chudi Idgfch cic vfli dl dugc ttlnh bky. KM khdng xic djnh dugc Idgfch tiinh biy cic vfli dl tM cbo di ngudi giang vidn dd cd giang bai dflng theo cic muc trong giio trlnh thi cic hgc vidn vin se gdp khd khdn khi kft ntfi eic vdn dl vdi nhau.
Budc 2: Xiy difng y tudng vi cich si dung hinh dnh, sa dd, biiu dS minh hog:
khi da phac boa duge "bfle tranh" Idgfch vl nhitag vdn dl cin trinh biy, giing vidn phii cd nhitag J tudng vl cdch the hidn
"bflc tranh" dd mdt cich Mdu qui thflng qua vide sft dung ngdn ngtt, hlnh inh, so dfi, biiu bang... Trong nMlu tiiictag hgp, giing vidn cd thi dftng hmh inh dl ip dung phfip in du kM dl cdp mdt vdh dl khd. Trdn trang web cua Microsoft, giang vidn cd thi tii vl rfl nMlu hlnh inh hd trq theo cdc chi dl khic nhau.
Budc 3: Lap ddn yidi cuang trinh bay:
sau kM da xde duih dugc kjch ban cia bki giing vk each thi Mdn, giing vien phii lip dkn J hay dl cuong cM tidt bki tiinh bky. O budc nky, giing vien phii quylt djrfli ttinh ty cac ndi dung cdn trlnh bky, cdc boat ddng kit hgp cin ttiyc Men, lugng thdi gian cdn dugc phdn bd vk sfi slide cin sft dung cho mdi ndi dung.
KM hokn thknh xoog 3 budc tren, giing vien nen bit tay tMdt kd cdc slide tiinh l»y.
Hai la, ydu cdu co bin kM tMdt kd eac sGde bii giing.
Vide xdc djnh sfi lugng sUde vfta phai Ik edn tiiilt. Trong tiiyc tid, di thyc Mdn mfit bii giing 5 tilt, cd giing vidn da phii dung
tdi gin 100 sGde, bing each copy cdc ndi dung tft word, rfii cMa nhd theo cdc slide.
KM giing bki, giang vidn dgc theo sGde, hoe vidn cung phai cdng mit dgc sGde vk cdm cfli gM chdp, khdng cin nghe giang!
Trong nhttng midng hgp nhu vdy, giing vidn khd chi dfing thoit ra khdi cdc slide - dugc trinh bky theo ngdn ngtt hkn Ifln (vdn vidt) vk Mdu qui eia bki giing thdp hon nMlu so viji vide cM giing bki nbung ed sy trao ddi hai cMlu vdi hgc vidn. VI vdy, kM tMdt kd sGde, giang vidn ndn tudn thi mfit sfi nguyfin tic sau:
- Cbi dua vko sGde cac J chfnh, thdm chf khfing nhdt tMdt phii dftng ci cdu ddy di hay mfit doan van (trft kM ban mufin ttich din mfit dinh nghTa cMnh xdc);
- CS chtt dftng ttong slide khfing dugc nhd qui 32;
- Khfing ndn ttinh bky qud 8 ddng trong mdi slide;
- Khfing chfin ede hlnh khdng cd J ngMa, khdng chen nMlu hinh dfing;
- Ndn sft dung mku sic tuong phin, sic net.
KM tao sGde, giing vien cd thi lim titag budc theo cic tki lieu hudng din. Hiy nMen, kinh ngMem sau cd thi giflp giing vien tidt kidm dugc thdi gian nhu:
- Tao mdt sGde chuin tdn bki giing (chfl J lya chgn phdng chtt cho phft hgp, vtta dl nblii, vfta giy dh tugng);
- TMdt kdmOt sGde gdm: tdn dl muc vk mdt sfi gach ddu ddng vdi phfing chtt vk cd chtt tMch hgp;
- Tft sGde tidp theo cU cin nhiy chufit vio slide trade v i kfch vko duplicate slide, sau dd, sft dung sUde da duge copy, bdi den vko tdn dl muc, dinh tdn dl muc mdi chen ldn, lkm Wdng ty nhu vay vdi phin ndi dung theo cic gach ddu ddng, cM vide bdi den rfii ddnh ndi dung mfii chfin via.
Nhu vdy, giing vien khfing cdn phai chgn lai phfing chtt, cd chft, ttft traimg hgp cin chdn cic hlnh inh minh hoa khic nhau
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bode sft dung them bilu, bing;
- Hdp tuc lkm nhu vdy vdi cic slides cd bfi eye tuong ty (title: tin muc/ten phdn nfii dung; ndi dung duge trinh biy dudi hiMi thflc gach ddu ddng);
Khi da cd bd sGde chuin cho mfit bki giing, giang vien cflng cd tbi dftng lai cdc slide cho bki giang khic bing cdch bdi den phin chtt vidt, rdi dinh miy nfii dung bki giing khic chfin Idn.
Ba Id, tao file ttlnh diln vk cdc file lien kdt.
Vide tao cdc slide ridng bidt, sau dd lin lugt ttinh bky gifing nhu lit timg ttang sdeh. Hiy nMdn, cd mfit each lkm khic giflp giing vidn ttinh biy thfing tui mfit cich Ifigfch hem, dd la tao mfit file trtnh diln (play) vk cic files Gdn kit. Cich lkm rdt don giin: tao folder bki giing; copy tdt ci cic file cd lidn quan vio folder, tao mdt file bki giing: play; tMdt kd cic ndi dung Idm/cM'nh cia bki giing dueJi hlnh thflc cic gach diu ddng; tao dudng link gitta mdi J chfnh cia file play vdi cic file lidn quan trong folder bki giing dl md rflng J/cung cdp thdm dtt Geu, sfi lifiu lien quan hodc cung cdp them cdc khii mem/quan niem/quan dilm khdc nhau. Chdng han, trong folder bki giing cd 4 file lien quan din 4 vdh dl ttong bki giing Ik Fl; F2; F3 vk F4. Dfii vdi vdh dl 1, kM tao dudng Gnk vdi file lien quan Fl, giing vien cM cin nhdn chufit vko Fl l i nfii dung cfta file Gfin quan se bidn ldn. Tutmg ni nhu vdy vdi cic vdh dl khdc. Giing vidn cimg cd thi tao dudng link gitta cic sGde trong cftng mibt fUe (vf du, kM giang vien dang ttinh bkiy nfii dung cfta slide sfi 10, mutfn quay vl ngi dung cd lien quan d sGde sfi 3, giang vien ed till tao dudng luflc gitta hai sGde mk khfing cin phdi eU chufit tren mkn Mnh dl tlm slide sfi 3, vtta mfl tbdi gian, vtta lkm hgc vien phdn tin kM tbeo ddi giing vien lkm nhu viy.
KM tiiiet kindi dung cho cdc sGde cung nen cMa nfii dung ttlnh bky ttiknh ba
nhfim: pbai bilt - uu tidn stf 1; ndn bilt - uu tidn so 2; vk bidt tM tfit - uu tidn sfi 3. Cdc nhfim nfii dung nky se thay ddi theo tttng dfii mgng hgc vien, vi vdy, cdn thay ddi tiiudng xuydn cac sGde vk thdi lugng ttlnh bky.
Bdn li, cich thyc Mdn bki giing dftng poweipomt.
Vide chuin bi slide tfit ehua di dim bio di ban thyc Mdn thkifli cfing bki giing dung PowerPoint. Theo cic co sd dao tao cia mfit sfi nudc, ngudi ta cd ca trang tdm hd ttg ky thudt frong vide tMIt kdcic edng cu hd trg giing day nhu slide, video, phim... mdt cich chuydn ngMdp tbeo ydu cdu cia giing vidn. Hiy nhidn, vide sft dung cic cdng cu nky mdt cich Mdu qua khdng don giin. VI viy, khi da ehuin bj xong cic sGde bki giiiig, chflng ta phii chdc chin rdng da thudc bki; thudc kjch bin; trlnh diln thft nMlu lin dl lya chgn dugc cde phuong phip ttlnh bky kdt hgp;
ldp kdhoach vl thfiri gian vk cdc boat ddng;
du bdo dugc mfit sfi tlnb hutfng phdt sinh vk cich xft IJ...
Dfing thdi, dl dim bio vide thyc Men bki giing dftng PowerPoint thinh edng, giing vien cflng cin tudn thft mdt sfi yeu ciu sau: khfing dgc slide; nen sft dung kdt hgp vdi bang dl phdt triln J tudng cftng vdi hgc vidn; tdm tit/tdng kdt vdn dl; dfii vdi cic djnb ngMa vfta cMlu trdn slide, vita dgc cho sinh vien/hgc vien chdp; kdt hgp nhip nhing vdi cic phuong phip khic dl phat triin cic ndi dung cMlu ttfin sGde;
ndn kit thfle mfli phin giing bing mdt sGde tdm tit cic vdn dl cMnh. Bdn eanh dd, cin cfi ging ttinh mic nhitag ldi phd bidn nhu: cM ngfii dgc sGde; di xiy ra tlnb trang "dupGeate" (nghTa Ik vfta cMlu nfii dung ttdn sUde vfta vilt frdn bang); cac thdng tin ttdn sGde qui cM tilt, cu thi;
thuc Mdn qua nMlu thao tie vdi may tfnh trong khi trlnh bky...Q
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