QaHN Hi THaONG M0I PHflP - Vl|T (1993 - 2008)
Cung vdi quan he chinh trj song phuong gifl-a Phap va Viet Nam ngay cang rat gan bd va tin cay, quan he kinh ta Phap - Viet cflng cd nhflng budc phat trian. Budc ngoat trong quan he Phap - Viet la nam 1993, Tdng thdng Francois Mitterand da cd chuyen tham chinh thuc Viet Nam. Day la chuyan tham dau tien cua ngirdi dung dau nudc Phap den Viet Nam ka tfl- khi kat thuc chian tranh Ddng Duong (1954). Chuyan tham da thuc su trd thanh ddn bay phat tridn quan he hgp tac kinh ta gifla hai nud-c. Hai nude da ky nhiau nghj djnh thu. hiep djnh, thoa thuan va hgp ddng quan trpng. Ban canh nhflng kat qua cu tha. chuyen tham cua Tdng thdng F. Mitterand cdn cd y nghTa Idn lao danh dau budc khdi dau cua tien trinh Viet Nam hoa nhap vao cdng ddng kinh ta qudc te, cham dtJt su cd lap cua Viet Nam trong mpt thai gian dai. xac nhan sir thay ddi nan kinh ta theo hudng thj trudng.
I. QUAN HE THUONG IV1.\I PHAP - VIET TU 1993 OEN 2008
Phap la mpt trong nhflng qudc gia cd quan he thuong mai tir rat sdm vdi Viet Nam. Ngay tir tha ky XVI. cung vdi cac thuong nhan. giao sy den tfl- Ha Lan. Lay Ban Nha. Bo Dao Nha... thuyan budn cua Phap cflng xuat hien d Viet Nam. Dan dau thd ky XX, hang thii cdng Viet Nam da cd mat d Dau .xao Marseille, cdn nhan hieu hang Phap trd nen quen thudc d Viet Nam.
Ths. V6 Thj Thu H a Trudng Dai hoc Hai Phong
Quan he thuong mai gifla Viet Nam va Phap dupe thiat lap tir nam 1955. thdng qua viec ky kat Hiep djnh Thuong mai va Hiep dinh Thanh loan dau tian giua hai Chinh phu Viet Nam va Phap ngay 14 thang 10 nam 1955. Tuy nhian. tir nhfl-ng nam 50 den nhung nam 80 cua tha ky XX. kim ngach thuang mai gifl-a hai nudc d mirc rat thap.
Kim ngach xuat nhap khau dao ddng tfl- vai tram ngan ddn vai trieu ddia mdi nam. Viet Nam thudng d the nhap siau.
Khi Chian tranh Lanh ket thuc, khu vuc cd nhiau bian chuyen tich cue. Viel Nam da kjp thai da ra chinh sach ddi mdi tai Dai hdi Dang toan qudc Lin thir VI (12. 1986), trong dd nhan manh: tranh thii dieu kien qudc ta thuan Ipi cho sir nghiep xay dung va bao ve td qudc, md rdng hgp tac kinh ta, khoa hpc - ky thuat. Ka tfl- dd. quan he thuong mai Phap - Viet bat dau cd nhflng budc phat trian mdi.
Khi Viet Nam md ciia vao nam 1986, Phap da biat tan dung qua trinh nay sdm han cac cudng qudc thuong mai Au - My khac, nan trao ddi thuong mai song phuong gifla hai nudc da bat dau gia tang manh. Trong chuy-an tham Viet Nam cua Bd trudng Ngoai giao Phap Roland Dumas dau nam 1991, Phap da ung hd Viet Nam thiet lap va tang cudng quan he vdi Cdng ddng Chau Au.
Trong budi hpp bao nhan dip kat thuc chuyln di nay. dng Roland Dumas ndi:
•'Phap se nang Viet Nam lan thanh ban hang
S4
NGHIEN CCru CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°1 (112).2010hang dau d chau A" . Kd tu dd. quan he thuang mai gifla hai nudc da khdng ngung phat trian. Trao ddi mau djch song phuong tang tu- 800 trieu FF nam 1991 len 1,6 ty FF nam 1992^. Quan he thuong mai Phap - Viet cang dupe md rdng va chac chan hon khi Viet Nam ky Hiep djnh May mac vdi EU (ma Phap la thanh vian) nam 1992.
Diem mdc Ijch su- trong quan he thuong mai gifla hai nudc dugc danh dau bang viec Tdng thdng Francois Mitterand dan dau mpt doan dai biau cao cap ctia Chinh phu Phap cung ddng dao cac dai dien cua cac gidi doanh nghiep Phap tdi tham chinh thiie va lam viec tai Viet Nam vao thang 2 nam 1993. Hai ban da ky Thoa thuan Tranh danh thua hai lan (1993) va Viet Nam da tham gia cau lac bd Paris (1994). Day cd thd dugc coi la khoang thdi gian quan trgng va tdt dep cho mdi quan he kinh ta song phuong. Phia Phap da phdi hgp cung vdi Phdng Thuong mai va Cdng nghiep Viet Nam td chuc nhidu cudc hdi thao d Phap va Viet Nam cho cac doanh nghiep ca hai nudc, cho phep hg hieu rd hon each thuc lam viec cua nhau da cd the tham nhap vao thj trudng cua nhau.
Mot trong nhfl-ng van de ma Phap mudn trao ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep Viet. Nam la ho trg xuat khau, van da ma nudc Phap cd rat nhiau kinh nghiem. Do dd, Phap da cap dan bao hiam tin dung, bao hiam ho trg va tham
Phudc Sang. "Tdng cirdng quan he "hCni nghi.
truyen thdng. hap tdc lodn dien. lau ddi vd tin cay trong the ky .\'XI" giira Viet Nam vd Cong hod Phdp".
T TX Vict Nam. ngay 12.11.2009. tr. 13.
' Tran Nguyen Tuyen (2004). "Thuc trang vd Irien vong phat trien quan he kinh le giua EU va Viet Nam". Nghien ciru Chau Au. so 357. tr.49.
do thj trudng... nham chia se rui ro gifl-a cac cdng ty bao hiam va cac doanh nghiep xuat khau. Ban canh do, viec ca quan Bao hiem Ngoai thuong Phap (COFACE). mot cdng cu ddng hanh khdng thd thiau cua cac nha dau tu va xuat khau Phap. co mat tai Viet Nam da tao diau kien cho quan he budn ban giua hai nude phat tridn. Tinh hieu qua ciia hoat ddng thuong mai gifl-a hai nudc dugc chirng thuc khi COFACE chuyan ty le ddng bao hiam ddi vdi nhflng hgp ddng thuc hien vdi Viet Nam tir loai 4 sang loai 3 (uu tian han).
Quan he budn ban giua hai nude cd dieu kien phat tridn sau rdng hon khi Viet Nam gianh dugc nhflng thanh tuu quan trgng trong quan he ddi ngoai nhu: binh thudng hoa quan he vdi My nam 1995, ky Hiep djnh khung vc hgp tac vdi EU (1995), tham gia vao ASEAN (28.7.1995). CtJ tha kim ngach budn ban hai chiau da tang len ro ret tfl- 3,1 ty FF nam 1995 lan 5,7 ty FF nam 1996''. Cd thd thay quan he chinh trj, ngoai giao khdng ngung phat trien giua Phap va Viet Nam trong nhflng nam
1993 - 1995 da tac ddng tich cue den quan he hpp tac kinh te, thuong mai. Phap liic nay la nude cd quan he kinh te vdi Viet Nam Idn nhat chau Au va Cdng ddng Phap ngfl-. Su gia tang trong quan he thuong mai luc nay chu yau la do ty trpng xuat khau ctia Phap, ngoai ra xuat khau ciia Viet Nam sang Phap cung bat dau tang manh.
Tfl- nam 1997 den nam 2000, mac dii phai chju nhieu tac ddng tieu cue cua cudc khung hoang tai chinh - lien te chau A,
' Lap chi Nghien ciru quoc tc. so 7. ihang 9/1997, tr.34.
Qjiian he thn'o'nt/ mai '^pitdfi — ^Oiet.
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nhung quan he thuong mai hai chiau van phat trien tdt. Viet Nam bat dau xuat siau sang Phap. nam 1997 vdi trj gia 260 trieu USD va nam 1998 la 300 trieu USD"*, lan lugt dung thir 29 va 15 lrong sd cac nudc xuat sieu sang Phap. Nam 1998. kim ngach nhap khau ciia Viet Nam tu Phap dat 280 trieu USD. Nam 1999. trj gia budn ban hai chieu gifla hai nude udc dat 656 trieu USD va Phap dirng hang thu 10 trong danh sach nhung nude dan dau trong budn ban vdi Viet Nam, trong dd, kim ngach xuat khau cua Viet Nam vao khoang 355 trieu USD\ tang 12% so vdi nam 1998. Net noi bat lrong thuong mai Phap - Viet luc nay la lan dau tien sau kang chuc nam, Viet Nam da xuat sieu dugc khoang 54 trieu USD''. Va nau nhir tdng gia trj nam 1999 dua Phap trd thanh mpt trong nhung ban hang Idn nhat ciia Viet Nam d Tay Au thi din nam 2000. budn ban hai chidu gifla hai nudc van lang manh. dat 708 trieu USD (Viet Nam nhap khau 328 trieu USD, xuat khau 379.7 trieu USD). Nam 2001, kim ngach budn ban hai chiau dat khoang 970 trieu USD^
Nham muc dich nang cao kha nang thich img ciia cac nude dang phat tridn vdi nhung quy djnh thuang mai trdn tha gidi cflng nhu de cao Igi ich ciia hg trong qua trinh dam phan thuang mai. thang 2 nam 2002. CO quan Phat tridn Phap cd nhiem vu phoi hpp chat che vdi Co quan dai dien Kinh ta Dai sir quan Phap tai Viet Nam thuc hien
mot chuong trinh song phuong keo dai ba nam. Trong khudn khd cua chuong trinh dd, bdn di,r an da dupe trian khai tai Viet Nam:
Thanh lap mpt he thdng thdng tin vd ngoai thuong; Tang cudng dao lao cac tham tan thuong mai, dac biet la vc nhflng quy djnh can ban cua quan ly doanh nghiep va cac van de qudc te: Dao tao cac chuyan gia dam phan trong trao ddi. mua ban cac san pham co ban dac biet la gao, hd tiau, che, ca phe; Xac dinh CO che cap kinh phi cho xuat khau (bao hiem, tin dung...) phu hpp vdi bdi canh cua Viet Nam. Chuong trinh nay dua tran tinh than day manh nang lijc xuat khau cua cac nudc dang phat Irian nham bao dam thanh cdng lrong qua trinh loan cau hoa. Ngoai ra chuong Irinh cdn cd cac hoat ddng da phuong va khuyen khich phat huy sang kien trong khudn khd chirong trinh hd trg chung.
Nhd si,r no luc ciia cac chinh sach khuyan khich phat Irian cua hai nudc, nam 2002 nhap khau ciia Phap tir Viet Nam dat 884 trieu Euro. Cac mat hang Phap nhap cua Viet Nam la hang tiau dflng, chu yau la hang del may va hang lam tfl- da (chiam 63% sd hang nhap khau cua Phap) dat 596,1 trieu Euro, hang ndng san thuc pham dat 86,1 trieu Euro, hang thuy san dat 27 trieu Euro (theo sd lieu cua Hai quan Phap)... Riang trong nam 2002, xuat khau cua Phap sang Viet Nam dat 356 trieu Euro, nang con sd tdng kim ngach budn ban hai chiau dat gan 1 ty 240 trieu Euro^
* Tap san Quan he Viet - Phap. Quoc tc. 9/2000. tr.38.
' Tap san Quan he Viet - I'hap. Quoc tc. 9/2()()(). tr.25.
" lap san Quan he ViC't - Phap. Quoc tc. 9/2000. tr.25.
' Xuc tien thuong mai (2001) - Ho Ihuong mai. lr.50.
' Cue Xiic tiOn thuong mai I lo chi Minh (2(M)4). Quan hi; Viet Nam Phdp
hup: //vvvvvv.trade.hochiminhcily. gov.vn
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NGHIEN CQu CHAU AU • EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°1 (112).2010Bdng 1: Tong kim ngach xuat nhap khau Phap - Viet tir 1995 - 2001
Dan vi: trieu USD Nam
Tdng kim ngach
1995 413
1996 760
1998 580
1999 656
2000 708
2001 970
Ngudn: Tdng hap lir Tdi lieu tham khda.
Ghi chu: Bdng dupc lap theo ly gid udc lugng: 1 USD -7,50 FF Bdng 2: Tong kim ngach xuat nhap khau Phap - Viet tir 2001 den 2008
Dan vi: ly Euro Nam
Tdng kim ngach
2001 1.145
2002 1.240
2003 1.230
2004 1.300
2005 1.400
2006 1.470
2007 1.904
2008 1.56
Nam 2003, budn ban hai chidu dat khoang 1,23 ty Euro, trong dd Viet Nam xuat khau sang Phap dat 845 trieu Euro chu yau nhd vao viec ban trang thiet bj Idn. Xuat khau cua Phap sang Viet Nam dat 384 trieu Euro, tang 10,1%> so vdi nam 2002', di kem vdi yau cau Idn ve trang thiet bj cua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam nhung van thap so vdi sir gia tang nhap khau ciia Viet Nam trong nam nay. Chinh viec ky ket cac hgp ddng giao hang thiat bi Idn nam 2003 nhu mua may bay ATR, cac thiat bj cho cac nha may nhiet dien, may phat dien va truyen dien, cac Id ddt va may trdn chat ddt nham md rdng nha may dien da gdp phan quan trgng vao viec cai thien can bang thuong mai, cho phep dao ngugc lai xu hudng ngay
Nguon: Tong hap tir Tdi lieu tham khao.
cang tham hut can can thuang mai cua Phap ddi vdi Viet Nam. Tinh den nam 2003, theo cac sd lieu thdng kd cua Cue Xiic tien thuong mai Viet Nam. Phap chiem 1.9% thj phan Viet Nam, dung sau cac nudc chau A nhu: Trung Qudc, Singapore, Dai Loan, Han Qudc... Cac nude nay chiem tdi 75% (trong dd Trung Qudc da chiem 13%) hang nhap khau cua Viet Nam. Trong tdng kim ngach xuat nhap khau Viet Nam - EU, Phap chiem 20,7 %), dirng thir hai sau Dire - chiem ty trgng 28.5%'" va la thj trudng xuat khau Idn thu- 9 cua Viet Nam.
Cac chuyen tham cap cao gifl-a Phap va Viet Nam dien ra thudng xuyen hon trong nhfl-ng nam gan day vdi quyet tam chung mudn dua hgp tac kinh td len ngang tam vdi
Cong I lung (2007). Kim ngach xuat khdu eua Viet Nam sang Phdp .se vuat ngudng I ly Euro, blip ://songlam.sara.vn
'" Phiing Thj Van Kieu (2002). Quan he thurxng mai Viet Nam Lien minh Chau .hi tren dd phdi trien.
Tap chi Nghien ciru Chau Au. so 1/2002. tr.84.
Qjiian he thnonq mai 'J)hafi - ^Oiet...
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quan he chinh trj tht.rc st,r da thuc ddy su phat trien budn ban giua hai nudc. Theo so lieu thdng ke ciia Cue Xiic tien thuang mai Viet Nam. nam 2004 tdng kim ngach dat khoang 1.3 ty Euro, Viet Nam xuat sang Phap tiep tuc tang khoang 10%), dat hon 924 trieu Euro. Trong khi dd, nhap khau tir Phap cd xu hudng giam dat hon 315 trieu Euro, giam gan 18% so vdi nam 2003. Dieu quan trgng la CO cau hang xuat khau da cd nhflng thay ddi tich cue. Mac du bdn nhdm hang giay dep, hang may mac. dd gia dung va dd da van chiam ty trgng Idn. nhung xuat khau mpt sd mat hang mdi nhu .xe dap va phu tung. dd go, dd nhua. san pham dien - dien tir dang tSng trudng nhanh trdn 20%/nam.
Nam 2005, hai chinh phu quyat djnh thanh lap Hdi dong cap cao Vi su phat trian hpp tac kinh ta Phap - Viet vdi chirc nang djnh hudng, thiic day va huy ddng cac ngudn luc da thijc hien cac dir an hgp lac CIJ tha.
nham gia tang dau tu cflng nhu gia tang trao ddi thuang mai. Nhd vay, nam 2005 la nam dau tien Viet Nam xuat sang Phap tren I ty Euro trong kim ngach xuat nhap khau 1.4 ty Euro va vdi tdc do tang trudng xuat khau tren I0%". Nhap khau cung tang trd lai, dat khoang hon 400 trieu Euro. Dae biet, viec EU bd quota det may cho Viet nam ka tu 2005 tao dieu kien thuan Igi cho xuat khau mat hang nay sang Phap. nhung cung dat cho
cac doanh nghiep trong nudc sfl-c ep canh tranh rat Idn trong viec chu ddng ve ngudn nguyen phu lieu, mau ma, thuang hieu va uy tin tran thj trudng the gidi.
Nam 2006, tdng kim ngach thuang mai trao ddi Phap - Viet dat khoang 1,470 ty USD. dua Phap trd thanh mpt trong nhfl-ng ban hang quan Irpng thu- hai cua Viet Nam.
cac mat hang chinh cua Viet Nam sang Phap la giay dep, det may, dd gd, thu cdng my nghe, thuy san, hang ndng san; Nhap khau chinh la may mdc thidt bj. may bay dan dung, thudc tan dupc. hoa chat va san pham sua.
Nam 2007. Thu tudng Viet Nam Nguyen Tan Dflng da cd chuyan tham Phap.
Tai chuyan tham nay. Thu tudng da tham du khai mac Dien dan doanh nghiep Viet - Phap tai Paris. Thu tudng kau gpi cac nha dau tu Phap: "Cac ban Phap khdng nan cham chan dan Viet Nam". Da Viet Nam ngay cang hdi nhap sau rdng vdi tdc dp tang trudng cao, Chinh phii Viet Nam dang rat quan tam dan van da cai each tha che, luat phap theo ca cha thj trudng. thdng thoang. minh bach; day manh cai each hanh chinh. chdng quan lieu, tham nhflng. lang phL tao dieu kiei) cho cac nha dau tu din Viet Nam. Do vay, nam 2007 ty le trao ddi thuong mai da tang lan dang ke: Tdng kim ngach hai chieu Phap - Viet tang 17,68% so vdi nam 2006, trong dd, xuat khau sang Phap tang 14,4%; Tdng kt'm ngach
" Xiic tien ihuong mai (2001) - 156 Ihuirng mai.
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NGHIEN CGU CHAU AU • EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°1 (112).2010nhap khau hang cua Phap vao Viet Nam nam 2007 dat hon 556 trieu Euro, tang 37,1% so vdi 2006, chii ydu la cac mat hang dien. dien tfl-. CO- khi chinh xac, thuc pham. my pham, da quy... Trong khi do. long kim ngach xuat khau hang ciia Viet Nam vao Phap nam 2007 dat 1,249 ty Euro, tang 8% so vdi nam 2006, chu yau la hang det may. giay dep. thuy san... Dang chu y. nam 2007 Viet Nam xuat sieu vao Phap 910 trieu Euro'". Dfl kim ngach xuat khau tuong ddi Idn. da phan cac mat hang chu luc cua Viet Nam xuat sang Phap van la hang gia cdng giay dep. det may.
Ngoai ra, cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam chua djnh vj dupe thuong hieu tai Phap. Mpt khd khan khac la cac diau kien ve hang rao ky thuat khat khe khian nhiau doanh nghiep Viet Nam dang nd krc day manh tham viec xuat khau cac mat hang cdng nghiep nhe.
tiau thu cdng nghiep. ndng lam thuy san...phu hpp vdi siic mua cua mdi tang Idp dan cu Phap. qua dd tao ngudn ngoai le nhap khau cac loai may mdc thiat bj, day chuyan san xuaL dugc pham...phuc vu nhu cau san xuat va ddi sdng nhan dan.
Nam 2008. do kinh ta tha gidi khimg hoang, quan he thuong mai gifla hai nude van dugc duy tri, song cd phan chflng lai so vdi cac nirde Tay Au khac va dang cd nguy CO' tut xudng sau Due, Anh. Trong sau thang
dau nam 2008, xuat khSu ciia Viet Nam vao thj trudng Phap dat khoang 621 trieu Euro, tang 2.64% so vdi cCing ky nam 2007; nhap khau dat khoang 183 trieu Euro, giam
14,47%'\ Nam 2008, tdng kim ngach hai chieu la 1.56 ty Euro, trong dd gia trj hang Viet Nam xuat khau sang Phap dat khoang 971 trieu USD. chu yau la giay dep, hang hai san. san pham da quy va kim loai quy. Tdng trj gia hang hoa nhap khau tfl- Phap dat khoang 829 trieu USD'"*, chu yau may mdc.
thidt bj. dimg cu. phu tung; tan dugc; cac san pham hoa chat; nguyan phu lieu may. da giay; sfla va cac san pham sua.
va CO- cau hang xuat nhap khau. hang nam Phap nhap khau tir Viet Nam chu yeu cac san pham so' che hoac qua cha bien nhat la: hang giay dep, del - may. ndng san thuc pham, thuy hai san. dd ndi that, dd gd... Phap xuat khau sang Viet Nam nhung may mdc thidt bj (ndi chung hoi. may co khL may mdc.
thidt bj dien. may do ludng). may bay, dugc pham. nguyan phu lieu may, thiJc pham, thuc pham che bian va cac tu lieu san xuat khac.
Day chii yeu la cac mat hang che tao cdng nghe cao - san pham cua cac nt inh cdng nghiep nang. Dac bieL dugc pham ki ITnh vuc
'" Xuan Nguyen. Ilap tdc kinh te Phdp - Viet triiydn ihdng vd tin ccjy Dac san vc quan he kinh te Vict - Phap. n-M 'i'hc gioi va Vict Nam. nam 2007.
'' l.e Kinh i'ai. "Quan he Viet .\'am Phdp kimng ngirng cung cd vd phdi Irien". Hao The pioi va Vict Nam. thang 6 nam 2008. tr. 20.
" Phuoc Sang. "Idng cirdng quan he hiru nghi.
truyen ihdng. hap Idc lodn dien. Ida ddi vd lln cdy Irong ihi' ky ,\'.\/" giira I iel Nam vd Cdng lod Phdp".
r r X Viet Nam ngay 12. II.2009. ir.!9.
Qfian lie tlin'oin/ mai 'JMnifi - 'Viet.
59
xuat khau hang dau cua Phap. Vj tri. uu tha ciia cac san pham dupc pham trong co cau trao ddi nganh hang xuat khau song phuong gifl-a Phap va Viet Nam cd dupe mpt phan la nhd cac nd lire dao tao ma Phap tian hanh trong gidi y khoa va su cd mat cua cac phdng thi nghiem cua Phap d Viet Nam.
Vdi nhung chinh sach uu dai. hien Phap dang trd thanh mpt thj trudng quan trpng cua Viet Nam. Ngoai chd dp dai ngd Tdi hue qudc (MEN). Phap da cam kat danh cho hang hoa xuat xir tfl- Viet Nam cha dp uu dai phd cap (GSP). Ddng thdi cung vdi viec EU ddng y gia han ngach va diau chinh tang han ngach nhap hang del may Viet Nam. cdng nhan cac doanh nghiep cha bien thuy san Viet Nam dat tiau chuan chat lupng va ve sinh ciia EU, mpt sd doanh nghiep va nhiau hang hoa Viet Nam da dugc chap nhan va tung budc cd cho dung dn dinh tai thj trudng Phap. cac nha lanh dao Phap hiia se tich cue xem xet cac dd nghj cua Viet Nam nham md rdng hon nfl-a thj trudng Phap cho cac mat hang xuat khau cua Viet Nam. Ddng thdi, Phap cung dd nghj Viet Nam tao didu kien thuan Igi hon nfl-a cho cac cdng ty Phap kinh doanh, budn ban d Viet Nam da tien tdi can bang can can mau djch hai nude do gan day Viet Nam da thay ddi can can thuong mai, chuyan tir thd nhap siau thanh xuat siau sang thj trudng Phap.
II. QUAN HE THUONG MAI PHAP - VIET: IWSC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
Danh gia vc quan he thuong mai Phap - Viet, cd tha thay Phap hien dang cd mpt vj tri tuong ddi thuan Ipi d Viet Nam va quan he thuong mai giua hai nudc da dat nhung budc tian nhat djnh. Tuy nhien cd the thay trian vpng hgp tac kinh te cdn rat Idn. song quy md budn ban giua Phap va Viet Nam cdn each xa gidi han tiam nang kinh ta cua hai ban. Ty trpng thuang mai Phap - Viet trong tdng kim ngach ngoai thuong cua Phap khdng dang ka. kim ngach budn ban gifl-a Viet Nam va Phap chi chiam 1/600 kim ngach budn ban cua Phap vdi cac nudc. Cac mat hang Viet Nam nhap khau cua Phap chua nhiau. chi dflng lai d may mdc. thiet bj, tan dupc. Viet Nam cdn cd nhu cau Idn ve cac mat hang ma Phap cd tha manh nhu hoa dupe, cha bian thuc pham. che tao dtd, may bay va cac loai hang hoa tiau dflng chat lugng cao... Hang hoa cua Viet Nam ban tai thj trudng Phap da dugc md rdng ve chung loai. nhung vc sd lugng chua Idn, do dd, can day manh hon nfl-a kha nang tham nhap thj trudng da nang kim ngach xuat khau. Sd dT cd tinh trang nay trong khi co sd cho viec md rdng quy md budn ban cdn rat Idn la do dan nay van tdn tai nhung trd ngai nhat djnh.
Mot Id, Nau do muc dp phu thudc lan nhau trong quan he thuang mai thi Viet Nam phu thudc dang ke vao Phap, cdn Phap
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NGHIEN ClJU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°l m2).2010khdng phu thudc vao Vict Nam. Vdi tinh hinh dd, neu khdng cd thien chi hgp tac song phuong thi bat ky mot sij- thay ddi nao trong chinh sach ngoai thuong cua Phap hoac thj trudng Phap cung dau gay tdn hai den nan kinh te cua Viet Nam.
Hai Id, Hang xuat khau cua Viet Nam cdn ngheo nan vc chung loai va chat lugng chua dat do ddng dau, thudng tap trung cao do vao mot sd it mat hang. Su tap trung cao dp nay da gay ra nguy co- tiam lang cho xuat khau hang hoa ciia Viet Nam. Thir nhaL kha nang de bj tdn thuong do nhflng thay ddi khdng du tinh dugc trong didu kien cung cap cho khach hang Phap. Thu hai. de vap phai Idi khang nghj tfl- phia ngudi tiau dflng chau Au va nhung ap lire "dn djnh hoa" trong vide tham nhap thj trudng nay. Mat khac. mac du Phap la mot trong ba trung tam cdng nghe ngudn cua thd gidi, nhung Viet Nam van chua nhap khau dugc nhiau day chuyen cdng nghe hien dai tfl- thj trudng nay, ma mdi chi chii yeu nhap cac may mdc, thiat bj le. Cac mat hang ma Phap cd the manh nhu thidt bj dien tfl-, may mdc chiiydn nganh, hang ndng san thuc pham...ngay cang bj canh tranh gay gat bdi cac nudc khac nhu Nhat Ban, Trung Qudc, cac nude NICs, My...Quy md nhap khau do vay cdn qua nhd be va co cau nganh hang chua that phu hgp nan hoat ddng nhap khau cua Viet Nam tfl- Phap chua ddng vai trd tich cue la ddn bay ddi vdi hoat ddng
xuat nhap khau cua Viet Nam sang thj trirdng Phap. Nhap khau chua that gan vdi xuat khau, chua tao dugc tidn da thay ddi ca cau hang xuat khau va nang cao hieu qua xuat khau cua Viet Nam sang thj trudng Phap. Nhin chung. Phap chua danh nhiau uu dai cho hang xuat khau cua Viet Nam cflng nhu Viet Nam chua nhap khau dugc cdng nghe ngudn tir Phap.
Ba Id. Rat nhidu cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam cdn non ndt trong thj trudng. thieu kinh nghiem thuong trudng, tham chi cdn ba ngd vdi thj trudng Phap, chua biet nam bat ca hdi, kem hieu biat ve luat le, van hoa kinh doanh cua thj trudng EU ndi chung va thj trudng Phap ndi rieng. Cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam cdn thieu thdng tin. chua biet each liap can vdi thj trudng Phap, van lam an theo phong each sail xuat nhd. chua phu hgp vdi truyan thdng va lap quan kinh doanh cua chau Au. Do vay, van cdn hien tugng giao hang khdng dung thdi han, khdng dam bao chat lupng quy djnh trong hpp ddng, gia cdn cao... Cd tha thay. cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam van cdn thu ddng. chua manh dan khai thac cac tha manh da tim the chu ddng trong cdng viec chinh phuc. chiem ITnh thj trudng Phap.
Bdn Id. Tuy Nha nudc Viet Nam da cd nhflng chinh sach hd trg, song chua thuc su cd hieu qua trong vide giup doanh nghiep ve thdng tin kinh td, xuc tian thuong mai, tim
Qfian lie thiioni/ mai ''piidfi - 'Diet... 61
kiam thj irudng. lien hanh cai each hanh chinh can ihiel de giam chi phi kinh doanh cho cac doanh nghiep, chua nghian ciru giam thua cac mai hang la nguyan lieu dau vao de doanh nghiep cd tha ha gia thanh san xual.
ddng thdi chua cd nhiau nhflng chinh sach khuyan khich xuat khau. Chinh sach thuong mai cua Vict Nam tu} cd djnh hudng chung kiu dai la mo' cira. hdi nhap. nhung trong ngan han lai thay ddi. cd luc quanh co (do phai ddi phd vdi nhieu tinh hudng cu the) nen chua lao dugc long tin cho ban hang } en lain lam an lau dai. Hon nfla. mdi trudng dau tu (co sd ka tang va he thdng phap lual) va mdi trui-cng tkuong mai (co cha. chinh sach va thu luc xual nhap khau...) van chua thuc sir thu hut va hap dan manh mc cac doanh nghiep Phap vao dau tu va kinh doanh leii Vict Nam. Ve ITnh vuc nay. hien na} Phap dang tich cue giup dd Viet Nam xa} dung va hoan thien he thdng phap lual de dam bao tang cudng sir pkat Irian cua cac nganh kinh tc (dac biet la cdng nghiep) cua Viet Nam trong tian trinh hdi nhap.
Qua nhflng phan tich Iran cd tha tha}
kha nang mo rdng va phat trien quan he thuang mai Phap - Viel la rat Idn. nhung vdi ihuc trang hien nay. van da dat ra cho Vict Nam la phai nhanh chdng giai quyCn nhflng
idn lai va khac phiic nhung han che dc thuc da} mdi quan he na} phai trien tuong xung vdi tiam nang kinh tc cua hai ben. Xet ve nhiau mat. ddi vdi thj irudng Phap. Viel Nam cd nhung Igi the nhat djnh. I hir nhat.
nen kinh te Phap phat trien tuong ddi dn djnh. Ihir hai. thj trudng Phap cflng nhu FTJ vdi Vict Nam cd nhiau diau kien bd trg cho nhau. Do trinh do phat Irian cdn kha each biet nhau nen nen kinh tc hai nudc cdn cd the dap irng. hd trg cho nhau trong mot thdi gian kha dai. Dc mo' rdng thj phan hang hoa. Vict Nam can phai khai thac loi the \c gia lao dpng thap. hon nfla can ihuc hien cac bien phap mo rpng hang xtuil khau. khu}cn khich dau tu vao hang xuat khau vi ihirc te cho thii} nhung mat hang dupc dau tu mdi hoac dau tu nudc ngoai dang giu vi tri quan trpng lrong vice lang kim ngach xual khau. Ngoai ra. phai tao dieu kien cho cac doanh nghiep hai ben chu ddng hon trong vice lim kiam thj Irudng. ddi lac...
Vdi nhiing no krc va cai each hop ly. cd the lrong tuong lai khdng xa, cung vdi sir phai trien nga} cang sau rdng cua cac trao ddi kinh Ic hai nudc. quan he thuong mai Phap - Viet chac chan se tim dupe cho dfl-ng Ircn thj irudng rdng Idn va giau tiam nang cua hai nudc.