Qng dung Mo hmh kim cuong vao danh gid tiem nang phot trien nganh du Ijch tinh Gia Lai
trong boi canh hoi nhqp*
PHAM THI MINH LY LE D i r e N H A PHAM T I E N THANH
?di vii't khdi liidc ly thuyi't, ddng thdi dp dung Md hinh kim ciidng de ddnh gid ldi the ' canh tranh vd tiem ndng phdt trien ngdnh du lich tinh Gia Lai; tii do diia ra mdt so hdm y chinh sdch nhdm ndng cao ndng Idc canh tranh ngdnh du lich tqi Gia Lai trong boi cdnh hgi nhqp qud'c te.
Tfl khoa: du lich, ndng liic canh tranh, Md hinh kim ciidng, du lich Gia Lai.
1. Gicrt t h i e u
Trong bdi canh tid'n t r i n h toan cdu hda lan thfl hai dang m a n h n h a t r e n toan thd' gidi tfl nhflng ddu thap nien 90 eua t h e ky XX dd'n nay, nang Iflc canh t r a n h qud'e td' b ca ba ca'p do (san pham, doanh nghiep va qud'c gia) ludn la mdt trong nhflng chu de t h u h u t sfl quan tam eua gidi nghien eflu. Mac du da cd nhieu bfldc tie'n trong vide xay dflng eae md hinh nhdm giai thich eho sfl t h a n h cdng cua nhflng nganh cdng nghiep thudc cac qud'c gia khac n h a u trdn thi trfldng toan cdu, nhflng mgt ly thuyd't toan didn ed t h e bao quat het mgi khia canh vdn cdn d l ngo cho dd'n khi xua't hien cac nghien cflu eua Michael Porter v l ldi the canh t r a n h quoc gia.
Trflde dd, cac n h a kinh te' hoc kinh d i l n ly giai nguon goc ldi the canh t r a n h tren cd sd ly thuyet v l ehuyen mdn hda eua Adam Smith (1776), theo do, cac qud'c gia nen tap trung trong dai b a n san xua't cae san phdm ma qud'c gia dd ldi t h i tuyet ddi khac. Ngoai ra, cae n h a kinh te hgc theo trfldng phai cua Ricardo (1817) vdi ly thuyet v l ldi the' so sanh cho rang, cac qud'c gia edn ehuyen mdn hoa va tap trung san xuat eac san phdm ma hg eo ldi t h i tfldng doi thay vi ldi the tuyet doi. Theo trflcfng phai nay, mdt quoc gia dfldc xem la ed
ldi the so s a n h trong viec san xua't mgt san phdm khi chi phi cd hgi cho viec san xuat san phdm do tha'p hdn so vdi qud'c gia khac.
Leontief (1950) cung di de'n ket luan tfldng tfl vdi Ricardo khi cho rang, mdt qude gia se ed xu hfldng xua't khdu nhflng san phdm sii dung n h i i u yeu td' san xua't m a qud'c gia do dfl thfla va nhap khdu nhflng san phdm sfl dung nhieu ye'u td' san xuat ma quoc gia dd k h a n hiem.
Tuy nhien, trong cac nghien eflu hien nay v l ddng thfldng mai quoc te, n h i i u nha kinh te' hgc cdng nghidp va eae edng ty hien dai khdng cdn sfl d u n g q u a n diem ldi the' so sanh, ma t h a y vao dd la q u a n diem ve ldi the cainh t r a n h trong viee thie't kg" cae chie'n Ifldc cua cdng ty, chie'n Ifldc p h a t t r i i n nganh hoac la cac chinh sach p h a t t r i i n thfldng mai qulc te cua qud'e gia. Doi vdi eac nghien cflu quoc te v l n a n g lfle canh t r a n h n g ^ n h 3 cdp dd dia phfldng, mo h i n h n a y e u n g la mdt trong nhflng edng eu dflde sxi d u n g k h a phd' b i i n
Pham TTii Minh Ly, TS.; Lfi Ddc Nha, Th.S.; Pham Tiln Thanh, Th.S., Tnr&ng dai hoc Tfln Diic Thang,
* Bii vilt lk san phim nghifin cdu ciia dl tii "Xfly dung chiln liToc thu hdt diu tu, cai thifin mfli tru&ng kinh doanh. dl xua't cdc giai phip nham kfiu gpi ngufin v(m chJft luong cao vko cic du &n trong diim Gia Lai" do Trucmg dai hoc Tfln Diic Thing chit tn thuc hifin, duoc cSp kinh phi bcri l!Jy ban NhAn dan tinh Gia Lai.
64 NghiSn ciiu Kmh tff sff 6(481) - Thing 6/2018
liTng dung Mo hinh kim cUOng ,
(Konsolas, 2017; Ozer va edng sfl, 2012; Yang, 2015; Zhao va cdng sfl, 2009).
Trong cac nghien eflu chinh sach va ehien Ifldc p h a t trien nganh, nhieu hgc gia Viet Nam da sfl dung Md hinh kim cfldng cua Michael Porter de giai thich cho ldi the' canh t r a n h cua n g a n h d l tfl do cd nhflng d i l u ehinh ehinh sach hoac chid'n Ifldc hdp 1^ nhdm nang cao nang lue eanh t r a n h (Anh, 2017; Ca'p, 2013; Hien, 2017; Ta'n, 2017; Tuyin, 2017).
Cac nghien cflu t r e n bao gom eac nganh san xudt hang hoa hflu h i n h va dich vu va d\X<ic dat trong bdi canh hgi n h a p . Dac biet, Anh (2017) va T u y i n (2017) da c6 nhflng bflde flng dung md hinh nay 5 ca'p do n g a n h cua dia phfldng cua ca dich vu (du lich) va hang hda hflu hinh (mia dfldng). D i l u nay cho thay, Md hinh kim cfldng cua Michael Porter ed the dfldc ap dung hflu hidu b cdp do dia phfldng trong phan tich ldi the' eanh t r a n h cua mdt nganh nha!t dinh. N g a n h du lich Gia Lai dflde xem la nganh kinh te' chu lfle cua tinh, ed n h i i u ddng gdp quan trgng trong thflc hien
muc tieu p h a t trien ben vflng va gdp phdn t a n dung nhflng ldi thd' do thien nhien flu dai cho dia phfldng. Tuy nhien, thflc trang kinh doanh cua nhieu doanh nghiep trong nganh chfla tfldng xflng vdi tiem nang eua tinh. De giup eac n h a hoach dinh chinh sach dia phfldng xae dinh nhflng "diim nghen" edn dfldc khdi thdng, Md hinh kim cfldng eua Michael Porter la mdt Ifla chgn thich hdp giup Gia Lai nhdn didn dfldc cac ye'u to' mdi trfldng ddu tfl kinh doanh de tfl dd danh gia va de r a nhflng Ifla chgn chinh saeh thich hdp.
2. Ly t h u y e t v e M o h i n h k i m cfldng v a flng d u n g t h f l c t i e n
Nghien eflu eua Michael Porter dfldc tid'n h a n h dd'i vdi 100 n g a n h cdng nghiep tai 10 qud'c gia khac n h a u t r e n thd' gidi. Nghien cflu cua dng t a p t r u n g vao vide xae dinh nhflng n h a n td' eua mdi trfldng qud'e gia ed tac ddng den ldi t h e canh t r a n h cua eae doanh nghidp d qud'c gia do. Ket qua nghien cflu da cho r a ddi Md hinh kim cfldng vdi bd'n nhdn td' ehinh (hinh 1).
H I N H 1: M o h i n h k i m cfldng ( D i a m o n d F r a m e w o r k ) Chi^n li/dc. co cau vd sy canh
tranh cua c6ng ty
cac diSu ki6n vS nhu c3u
cac nganh c6ng nghi§p h6 tro va c6 li^n quan
Ngudn: Michael Porter, 1990
• Cdc dieu kien ve yi'u to' sdn xud't.
Thdng thfldng, eae yd'u td' san x u d t dflde p h a n t h a n h h a i loai: (1) ye'u td' san xudt ed b a n (tai n g u y e n t h i e n nhien, k h i h a u , vi t r i dia ly, n h a n cdng khdng cd ky n a n g hoac ky n a n g t r u n g binh) la nhflng yeu td' san xua't cd sdn, hoac q u a t r i n h t a o r a cac ye'u td' nay
khdng ddi hdi chi phi ddu tfl qua ldn; (2) yeu to' san xua't cao ca'p (cd sd h a t d n g nhfl he thd'ng giao t h d n g v a n tai, he thd'ng thdng tin, n a n g Ifldng va lfle Ifldng lao dgng cd ky nang). Cac ye'u t d ' n a y edn dflde ket hdp mdt each day du va h a i hda de h i n h t h a n h ldi the' c a n h t r a n h .
ven ciiu Kinh iff sff 6(481) - Thing 6/2018 6 5
ung dung Mo hinh kim cirong ...
• Cdc dieu kiin ve nhu cdu trong niidc.
N h u cdu thi trfldng a n h hfldng tdi quy md t h i trflcfng cung nhfl ca t i n h eha't eua cha't khach h a n g . N h u edu cua t h i trfldng cd tae ddng quan t r g n g len ldi t h e c a n h t r a n h ; dong thdi quyet dinh each thflc m a cae edng ty n h a n biet va p h a n flng lai vdi n h u edu t h i trflcfng. Cac nfldc se cd dflde ldi the' eanh t r a n h trong nhflng n g a n h ma cdu t r o n g nfldc dfl bao dfldc n h u cdu cua nhflng nfldc khdc. Cac nflde eung ed dfldc ldi t h e eanh t r a n h neu k h a e h h a n g t r o n g nfldc ndm trong sd' nhflng k h a c h h a n g khd t i n h n h d t t r e n t h e gidi doi vdi san p h d m h a y dich v u dd. Khi dd, huge cac doanh nghiep trong nfldc phai n a n g cao cha't Ifldng san phdm va dich vu mdi cd k h a n a n g dat dflde nhflng ldi t h i canh t r a n h so vdi nfldc ngoai.
• Cdc ngdnh cdng nghiip ho trd vd co lien quan. Cd dfldc cac n h a cung ea'p trong nfldc ed sfle canh t r a n h vdn tot hdn la dfla vao eae n h a eung ea'p nfldc ngoai. Nhflng n h a cung ca'p trong nfldc thfldng ndm ro t h i trfldng trong nflde hdn, bdn canh dd, sfl tfldng dong ve v a n hda se thue ddy trao doi thdng tin n h a n h chdng va chinh xac hdn, tfl do lam giam chi phi giao dich. Sfl ed mat trong nfldc eua nhflng n g a n h ho trd va cd lien quan cd sfle canh t r a n h thfldng ddn den nhflng n g a n h ed sfle canh t r a n h mdi. Nhflng nganh cd sfle eanh t r a n h la nhflng n g a n h ma eac cdng ty cua nd cd t h e phd'i hdp hay chia se nhflng boat ddng t r o n g chuoi gia tri, chang h a n nhfl p h a t trien cdng nghe san xua't, p h a n phdi, m a r k e t i n g va dich vu. Sfl hidn dien eua eac n g a n h ho trd va cd lien quan gdp p h d n tsio r a n a n g Iflc eanh t r a n h qud'c t l cho quoc gia hoac dia phfldng.
• Chie'n liidc, cd cdu kinh doanh vd canh tranh. Moi qud'e gia dfldc dac trflng b6i cac t r i e t ly quan ly k h a c n h a u va d i l u nay cd tac ddng den n a n g Iflc canh t r a n h qud'c gia.
Cd nhieu yeu to' trong moi qud'e gia tac dgng tdi each thflc to ehfle va q u a n ly doanh nghidp. Ben canh dd, ludn cd sfl gdn bd chat che gifla eanh t r a n h trong nflde va viec hinh
t h a n h , duy t r i ldi t h e canh t r a n h t r o n g mdt n g a n h . C a n h t r a n h trong nfldc tao r a ap lfle huge eac cdng t y p h a i cai tien va doi mdi t a m 1^ lo a u k h i hi t u t h a u . Ngoai ra, sfl t h a n h eong cua mdt doi t h u canh tranh t r o n g nfldc se la m i n h chflng cho cac cdng ty k h a c tha'y r a n g hg h o a n toan ed t h e phat t r i e n nhfl t h e , tfl do t h u hflt cae doi thii khae vao n g a n h .
Ben c a n h dd, mo h i n h cdn d l cap dd'n hai n h a n td' ngoai vi cung gdp p h d n hinh thanh n e n mdi trfldng qufic gia mdt each gian tiep t h d n g qua viec t a c ddng den bd'n n h a n to"
cdu t h a n h . H a i ye'u to' n a y bao g i m :
• Cd hgi. Cd hdi l a nhflng sfl kidn xay ra it lien q u a n de'n t i n h t r a n g hidn tai cua qude gia va thfldng n d m ngoai p h a m vi anh hfldng cua cac cdng ty va chinh phu. NhQng cd hdi dac bidt q u a n t r o n g a n h hfldng de'n ldi the' canh t r a n h nhfl t h a y doi ba't ngd ve cdng n g h e , chi p h i ddu vao, ty gia hoi doai, n h u edu eua the' gidi, c h i n h tri... Cac cd hgi giup tao r a sfl t h a y doi ba't ngd eho ph^p dich chuyen vi the' c^nh t r a n h , dong thdi cd t h e xda di ldi t h e c a n h t r a n h eua nhflng cdng ty t h a n h l a p trflde dd va tao r a tiem n a n g ma cac cdng t y mdi eo t h e khai thae.
C a n h t r a n h theo q u a n d i i m n a y cd t h i nang cao mfle do va t i n h k h d n cdp cua cac khoan ddu tfl khoa hgc t r o n g nfldc (hinh thanh n h a n to) va t h a y dd'i q u a n hd k h a c h hang (cac d i l u kidn v l cdu).
• Chinh phu. C h i n h p h u cd t h e tac ddng tdi cac d i l u kidn y i u to" san x u d t thdng qua n h i i u h o a t dgng nhfl cac edng cq. trd ea'p, chinh sach t h i trfldng vd'n, ehinh sach giao due, y t e . . . Vai t r d d i l u h a n h eua chinh phu t h e hien t r e n cac m a t c h i n h bao gom: dinh hfldng p h a t t r i e n , kien t a o mdi trflcfng, dilu tiet va kiem t r a , giam s a t cac boat ddng.
3. D a n h g i a t i e m n a n g p h a t t r i e n va ldi thi" c a n h t r a n h c u a G i a L a i t r o n g n g a n h d i c h v u d u l i c h
3.1. Ve cdc nhan to ddu vdo 3.1.1. Cdc nhdn to'cabdn
6 6 NghiSn cAi Kinh tff sff 6(481) • Thing 6/2018
liTng dung Mo hinh kim ctfang .
Cae n h a n td' n a y chfnh l a dieu k i e n dac thfl ve tfl n h i e n , e a n h q u a n va k h i h a u t a o ndn nhflng dia d i e m t i l m n a n g p h a t t r i e n du lich s i n h t h a i v a n g h i dfldng. Gia L a i la m d t t i n h m i e n n u i n d m d p h i a bae T a y N g u y e n , vdi vi t r i h e t sfle t h u a n ldi cho p h a t t r i e n du lich k h i lien kd't vdi cac dia phfldng t h u d c k h u vfle d u y e n h a i m i e n T r u n g v a eae nflde l a n g g i l n g C a m p u e h i a va L a o . T i n h l a i n a m k h d n g xa L a m Dong von l a m d t d i a phfldng cflng t h u d c k h u vflc T a y N g u y e n cd n h i e u d i l u k i e n tfl n h i e n (canh q u a n , k h i h a u ) t h u a n ldi va cd k i n h n g h i e m t h u c t i l n t r o n g p h a t t r i e n
k i n h t e du lich vfldt t r d i so vdi Gia Lai.
T u y n h i e n , t i n h cd n i n n h i e t do vfla p h a i (giao ddng tfl 22,76°C-26,62"C), k h d n g q u a ndng va cung k h d n g q u a l a n h , k h d n g c6 hign tfldng thdi tiet cflc doan va k h a e nghiet, tfl do t a o dieu kidn t h u a n ldi eho cac b o a t ddng du lich ngoai trdi nhfl du lich nghi dflQng va du lich s i n h t h a i t a i t i n h Gia Lai. Xet ve quy da't p h u c v u p h a t t r i e n loai h i n h dieh v u n g h i dfldng, s i n h t h a i t h i t i n h h o a n t o a n ed ldi the' v l dien tich da't n d n g nghidp va da't rflng sdn cd de p h u c v u cho cac dfl a n ddu tfl t r o n g l i n h vflc n a y .
BANG 1: D i e n t i c h r f l n g h i e n c o p h a n t h e o l o a i r f l n g c i i a t i n h G i a L a i g i a i d o a n 2012 - 2016 Ddn vi: ha
Rling tu nhign Cc'cdu(%) Rimg trdng Cacau(%}
2012 658.958
91,45 61.630 8,55
2013 658.566
91,48 61.328 8J2
2014 555.807
89,77 67.474 10,83
2015 555.717
88.85 69.715 11,15
2016 553.860
88,76 70.164 1134 Ngudn: Cue Th6ng kfi tinh Gia Lai.
Vdi dien tieh rflng tfl n h i e n ldn, chie'm binh quan 89,94% t i n g dien tich rflng, day dfldc xem la ldi the' cua Gia Lai trong viec phat t r i i n loai h i n h du lich sinh thai, nghi dfldng. Ngoai ra, t r e n dia b a n t i n h cdn cd Vfldn quoc gia Kon Ka K i n h vk K h u bao ton thidn nhien Kon K a K i n h d i u la nhflng dia diem ed tfnh da d a n g s i n h hgc eao va vdn gifl n^t nguyen sd cua rflng tfl nhien. T i l m nang p h a t t r i e n du lich sinh t h a i , nghi dudng cua h a i dia diem t r e n la k h a ldn.
Ngoai ra, loai h i n h du lich e a n h ndng h a y du lich ndng nghidp cung la mdt hfldng di dflde nhieu dia phfldng cua k h u vfle Tay Nguyen Ifla chgn n h d m tao dgng Iflc tfldng ho gifla n g a n h n d n g n g h i e p flng d u n g edng nghe eao va du lich, t r o n g dd Idy n g a n h ndng nghidp flng dung cdng nghd cao lam n i n t a n g . Gia Lai sd hflu dien tich ddt ndng nghiep rdng ldn, vdi 801.673,6 ha, chid'm
51,68% dien tfeh ddt toan tinh. Day dfldc xem la mdt thl^ m a n h cua tinh, tfl dd t a o t i l m n a n g v l p h a t trien du lich canh ndng va du lich ndng nghidp.
3.1.2. Cdc nhdn to'cao c^p
Cac n h a n n a y bao f l m : cd id vkt chA't p h u c vu h o a t dgng lfl h k n h , lflu t r u , i n u o n g va vui chdi giai t r i ; n g u o n von ddu tU xa hdi; h e t h o n g giao t h d n f v ^ n t a i ; n f u l n n h a n Iflc dia phfldng.
Vi sd'lUdng cdc doanh nghiip dang hoat dgng trong ngdnh. Day dfldc xem Id mgt thfldc do p h a n a n h t i n h hinh ddu tfl cd sd vat eha't, vi hoat dgng k i n h doanh eua doanh nghiep thfldng gdn h e n vdi hoat ddng ddu tfl.
Nhin chung, trong giai doan 2012 — 2016, sd"
Ifldng doanh nghiep boat ddng trong n g a n h du lich t i n h Gia Lai ed t a n g nhflng khdng n h i i u , t h a m chi edn cd bieu hien chflng lai.
D i l u n a y cho tha'y ddu tfl cho cd sd vat cha't
Nghien ciiu Kinh tff sff 6(481) - Thing 6/2018 6 7
ITng dung Mo hinh him cudng ,
eua nganh du hch vdn chfla t h a t sfl phat t r i i n tai Gia Lai.
BANG 2: S o d o a n h n g h i e p d a n g h o a t d o n g t r o n g n g a n h d u l i c h c u a t i n h G i a L a i g i a i d o a n 2011 - 2015 Ddn vi: doanh nghiip
Dich vu luu Inj Dich vu an u6ng Hoat d6ng van hoa, th^ thao
2011 37 12 12
2013 40 14 11
2014 44 18 15
2015 45 15 15
2015 44 20 15 NgiiSn: Cue Th6ng ke tinh Gia Lai
HINH 2: V o n d a u tvt t r e n d i a b a n t i n h G i a L a i v a o n g a n h d u l i c h t h e o g i a h i e n h a n h g i a i d o a n 2012 - 2016 (trieu dong)
250000 200000 150000 100000
Ngudn: Cue ThCing kfi tinh Gia Lai.
Ve ngudn voh ddu tii xd hgi. Trong giai doan 2012 - 2016, vd'n ddu tfl t r e n dia b a n tinh trong nganh du lich t a n g deu nhflng mfle tang ehfla cao, chfla tao ddng lfle de phat trien nganh, nhdt la trong boi canh eanh t r a n h thu h u t du khach vdi eae dia phfldng lan can vd'n ed n h i i u ldi t h e eanh t r a n h trong nganh.
Ve Ac thdhg giao thdng van tdi vd cd sd hq tdng. Hien nay, t h a n h phd' Pleiku cd 840 km dfldng giao thdng hien hflu. Trong giai doan 2011-2015, Pleiku da flu tien dau tfl nang edp, mcl rgng, ket noi va md eae tuyen dfldng giao thdng ddi ngoai, giao thdng ngi t h a n h de dam bao ty le da't giao thdng khu vflc ndi t h a n h so v6i da't xay dflng trong khu vfle ngi t h a n h dat tren 22% va de'n n a m 2020 dat 24%. Mat do dfldng trong khu vfle ngi t h a n h dat t r e n 10 km/km^ (de'n n a m 2020 la 13 km/km^), dien tich da't giao thdng/dan so' ngi
t h a n h dat t r e n 13 mVngflcfi. D a ed gdn 80%
tuye'n dfldng dfldc nhfla hoa, be tdng hda va de'n n a m 2020 se t a n g 90%. Ben canh Pleiku, he thdhg giao thdng eac dia phfldng trong tinh cung dang ddn h o a n thien. Mang Ifldi giao thdng dflde p h a n bd' k h a h a i hda va hdp ly gifla hd thd'ng qud'c lg, t i n h lg, dfldng dd thi, dfldng giao t h d n g ndng thdn tao sfl lien ket ehat che v l m a t tlia ly gifla tinh ly vdi cac huydn ly, gifla t h a n h phd' vdi cae thi xa, thi tra'n. Cae tuyen dfldng n a y da gdp phdn dap flng n b u cau giao thdng ngay cang t a n g tren dia ban, ddi sd'ng ngfldi dan dfldc nang cao, kinh te-xa hgi theo dd tflng bflde phat trien.
Gia Lai eung dong thdi xay dflng Pleiku t h a n h t r u n g t a m ddu mdi giao thdng cua tinh, lien kdt vdi eac tinh, vflng p h u can. M6 rdng nang ca'p cac true dfldng hfldng tam Pleiku va dfldng v a n h dai, xay dflng tuyen vanh dai phia Ddng k6o dai de'n H a m Rong.
6 8 NghiSn cilu Kinh tff sff 6(481) - Thing 6/2018
ITng dung Mo hinh kim cirong.
Ddi vdi eac t u y l h dfldng huyen, muc tidu dat r a den n a m 2020 se d a t 1.670 km, quy md tdi thieu ea'p V, m a t dfldng d a t 100% cd k e t ca'u m a t , edng t r i n h t r e n t u y e n t a i trong cdu cong HL.93, H30-XB80. V I cd sd h a tdng khac, t i n h dd'n h e t n a m 2016, toan t i n h da xay dflng va h o a n t h a n h 7.610 m^'cdng t r i n h van hda, 9.200 m^ edng t r i n h t h e t h a o trong nha, 203.548 m^ k h a c h san, n h a nghi va t r u scl lam viec va 5 cdng t r i n h t h e t h a o , giai t r i ngoai trdi. T u y nhien, cd sd h a tdng cua Gia Lai cdn k h a k h i e m ton, chfla t a o dfldc ldi t h e canh t r a n h trong k i n h doanh va t h u h u t ddu tfl n g a n h du lich.
Ve nguon nhdn liic dia phiidng. Tinh dd'n bet n a m 2015, toan t i n h hien cd 64 doanh nghiep dang boat ddng t r o n g linh vflc n h a h a n g k h a c h san, trong dd cd 24 doanh nghiep cd quy md dfldi 5 ngfldi, 30 doanh nghiep cd quy md dfldi 10 ngfldi, 9 doanh BANG 3: S o Ifloft k h a c h d u l i c h
nghiep ed quy mo dfldi 50 ngfldi va chi cd 1 doanh nghiep cd quy md dfldi 200 ngfldi.
Linh vflc n g h e t h u a t , vui chdi va giai t r i cung chi ed 15 d o a n h nghiep dang hoat ddng va chi cd 2 doanh nghiep cd quy md tfl 50 de'n dfldi 200 ngfldi. Tfl nhflng sd" lieu t r e n cho th^iy t i n h h i n h nguon n h a n lfle Gia Lai trong linh vflc du lich dang bi thie'u h u t ea v l cha't va Ifldng, do dd chfla d a m bao tao ldi t h e canh t r a n h cho n g a n h trong bdi canh t h u hflt ddu tfl.
3.2. Ve nhu cdu trong nUdc N h u eau trong nfldc lidn quan den n g a n h du lich bao gom eae dae diem ve sd' Ifldt k h a c h du lich (do do ldn eua cdu va tiem n a n g t h i trfldng), doanh t h u tfl cac cd scl lflu t r u va lfl h a n h cung nhfl cae yeu cdu ngay cang da dang va k h d t khe hdn cua du k h a c h lien q u a n de'n loai h i n h du lich nghi dfldng, du lich sinh t h a i va du lich ndng nghiep.
t i n h G i a L a i , g i a i d o a n 2012 - 2016
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Khach trong nu6c (nghin lu0 ngudi)
64,11 77,97 92,42 102,87 108,56
Khach qud'c te (nghin luat ngudi)
13,66 15,97 18,87 20,52 22,12
So ngay phuc vu khach bod cac co sd hru trii (ngay)
445,687 535,319 635,115 685,225 725,115 Ngudn: Cue Thcfng kfi tinh Gia Lai.
So' lieu b a n g 3 cho tha'y Ifldng du k h a c h d i n t i n h Gia Lai t r o n g giai doan 2 0 1 2 - 2016 cdn k h a b a n che'. Thflc te' n a y cho tha'y Gia Lai chfla k h a i t h a c h e t tiem n a n g du lich dia phfldng. T u y n h i e n gdn day, sd' Ifldt va thdi gian lflu trfl ed sfl gia t a n g , do dd cung t h i hidn nhflng t i e m n a n g va cd hgi ddu tfl k i n h d o a n h cho n g a n h n a y t a i t i n h xet v l d u n g Ifldng cdu t h i trfldng t r o n g nfldc va quoc te'.
Xdt v l d o a n h t h u eua n g a n h du lich, t r o n g giai doan 2012 - 2016, d o a n h t h u cua cac cd sd lflu t r u va lfl h a n h deu t a n g dang k l , day cung la nhflng da'u hieu cho tha'y
t i e m n a n g cua n g k n h t a i Gia Lai. Mae dfl ed sfl bie'n ddng m a n h t r o n g n a m 2013 — 2014 ve d o a n h t h u eua cac cd sd lflu t r u t r e n dia b a n t i n h Gia Lai, nhflng tfl giai doan 2014 - 2016, so lieu thd'ng ke cho tha'y d o a n h t h u eua eac cd s5 n a y d a n g la'y lai da hoi p h u c . Doi vdi cac doanh nghidp lfl h a n h , d o a n h t h u t a n g k h a c h a m , dieu n a y p h a n a n h mflc t a n g eua n h u edu chfla cao ddi vdi eac s a n p h d m du lich cua t i n h Gia Lai; dong thdi eho tha'y t i n h chfla ddu tfl d u n g mflc va ehfla kid'n t a o mdi trfldng ddu tfl ha'p ddn dd'i vdi n h a ddu tfl t r o n g l i n h vfle n a y .
NghiSn aiu Kinh tff sff 6(431) • Thing 6/2013 6 9
liTng dung Mo hinh kim cuang ...
HINH 3: D o a n h t h u d u l i c h t h e o gia h i f n h a n h t i n h Gia Lai g i a i d o a n 2012 - 2016 (triSu dSng)
200000 1 180000 160000 140000 120000 - 100000 - 80000 - 60000
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ - *
\
\
\
Y———*—
NguSn: Cue Th6ng kft tinh Gia Lai.
3.3. Ve cdc ngdnh ho trd vd co lien quan
Lien quan dd'n n g a n h dieh vu du lich, eae n g a n h ho trd lien q u a n bao gom n g a n h giao due dao tao, v a n t a i (dfldng bd, dfldng d'ng...), t h d n g t i n va t r u y e n t h d n g va eac n g a n h p h u trd eho v a n t a i , k i n h doanh dich vu lfl h a n h . NhQng n g a n h n a y tao d i l u kien cho k h a e h du lich b i e t de'n va ket nd'i cac k e n h t h d n g t i n k h a e n h a u n h a m q u a n g ba h i n h a n h du lich Gia Lai, tfl d6 t a n g cfldng t h u h u t du k h a c h du lich de'n t h a m
q u a n cung nhfl t h u h u t eac n h a ddu tfl tiem n a n g den ddu tfl.
N h i n e h u n g so' Ifldng doanh nghiep cua cac n g a n h ho t r d va cd lien q u a n d i h nganh du lich Gia L a i l a k h d n g n h i i u , chfla dam bao p h a t h u y h i t tiem n a n g du lieh cua t i n h . Ben e a n h do, sd' d o a n h nghiep bie'n ddng lien tuc p h a n a n h t i n h h i n h boat dgng k i n h d o a n h k h d n g dn d i n h tsii eac n g a n h n a y va sfl dflt q u a n g t r o n g vide ho trd t h u c ddy n a n g Iflc c a n h t r a n h cua n g a n h du lieh.
BANG 4: So d o a n h n g h i e p h o trtf va co l i e n q u a n d e n n g a n h d u l i e h Gia Lai d a n g hoat d o n g g i a i d o a n 2011 - 2015
Ddn vi: doanh nghiip
Nganh Gilo due wk dao tao v a n tai
Thdng tin va truyen th6ng C&c ngknh phu tro cho v^n tai, IQ hiinh
2011 6 110
14 17
2012 4 lie
14 17
2013 6 109
7 9
2014 8 139
7 13
2015 11 161 7 14 Ngudn: Cue Thtfng kft tinh Gia Lai.
70 NghiSn aiu Kinh Iff sff 6(431) • Th^g 6/Si18
ITng dung Mo hinh him caang ...
BANG 5: Vo'n d a u t i i t r e n d i a b a n t h e o g i a h i d n h a n h v a o c a c n g a n h h o t r d v a c o l i e n q u a n d e n n g a n h d u l i c h G i a L a i v a L a m D o n g , g i a i d o a n 2012 - 2016
Ddn vi: trieu dong
Nganh 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Gia Lai Giao due va dao tao
van tai
Thfing lin va truyen thdng Cac nganh phu tro cho vftn tai, IQ hanh
297.894 226.282 226.703 2.150
326 521 248.030 248.500 2.357
380.000 280.125 280.230 2.740
466.421 296.756 338.926 3.624
509.196 323.971 370.008 3.956 Lam Dong
Giiio due va dao tao Van tai
TTiSng lin va trayin thdng Cac nganh phu tro cho van tai, lU hanh
226.160 721.329 159.501 82.184
341.416 1.170.914 46.705 73.826
435.882 1.182.623 45.248 89.540
777.262 1.691.397 195.721 136.598
948.260 2.029.676 220.186 157.088 Ngudn: Cue Thfing k& tinh Gia Lai va Lam D6ng.
Xdt ve t i n h h i n h t h u h u t ddu tfl eua nhflng n g a n h hd trd va lien q u a n den n g a n h du lieh Gia Lai t h i n h i n e h u n g Ifldng vd'n ddu tfl cd xu hfldng t a n g q u a cac n a m , tuy nhien, mfle ddu tfl vdn cdn k h i e m td'n.
Ddi vdi Lam Dong, trfl n g a n h bflu e h i n h - v i l n thdng do da dfldc ddu tfl tfl nhflng giai doan trflde, cac n g a n h edn lai deu ed mflc vd'n ddu tfl eao vfldt trdi hdn Gia Lai. D i l u nky gdp p h d n gia t a n g nkng lfle canh t r a n h cho n g a n h du lich Lara Dong cung nhfl gia t a n g do ha'p ddn e u a mdi trflcfng ddu tfl n g a n h du lich so vdi Gia Lai.
3.4. Ve moi triidng canh tranh vd qudn tri cong ty
Ve mdi trfldng c a n h t r a n h , h i n h 2 va bang 2 cho thdy, xu hfldng t a n g d i u cua vdn ddu tfl va sd' Ifldng doanh nghidp hidn hflu t r o n g giai doan 2012 - 2016. Dieu n a y mdt m|it p h a n a n h t i l m n a n g du lich cua t i n h , m a t k h a c cung p h a n a n h mdi trfldng e a n h t r a n h c u a n g a n h dang trd n e n ngay mdt sdi ddng va doi hoi cae doanh nghiep gia n h a p sau p h a i ed nhflng c h i l n Ifldc va phfldng thflc q u a n t r i t h i c h hdp de t o n tai
va p h a t t r i i n . Bdn c a n h do, dat trong boi canh vung, mdi trfldng e a n h t r a n h Gia Lai cdn lien t h d n g vdi eae dia phfldng k h a c eung cd t i l m n a n g , the' m a n h va k i n h nghiem t r o n g p h a t t r i e n du lich nhfl Lam Dong, P h u Yen, B i n h Dinh, N i n h T h u a n va Binh T h u a n . Do do, h i n h t h a n h n e n cd hdi hdp tae va ddng lfle e a n h t r a n h tfl eae doanh nghidp cung n g a n h d cac dia phfldng khae.
Ve k h i a e a n h q u a n t r i cdng ty, h d u h e t ed eau to' chflc cua cae d o a n h nghiep trong n g a n h ehi m a n g t i n h h i n h thflc, dd'i phd vdi eac quy dinh cua p h a p l u a t ve to ehfle doanh nghiep, ehfla p h a t h u y thflc sfl vai trd va t i l m n a n g eua cac vi t r i cdng vide.
Ben c a n h dd, ddi n g u n h a n lfle cdn b a n ehe ve eha't va Ifldng ddn de'n hieu q u a q u a n t r i bj giam sut, lac h a u so vdi cac dia phfldng k h a c , b a n ehe' k h a n a n g hdp tac, k e t noi va n a n g lfle canh t r a n h t h u h u t k h a c h du lich va cac n h a ddu tfl t i l m n a n g . Tfl dd, cd t h e n h a n t h a y r d n g Gia Lai d a n g gap khd k h a n cl m a t nay. Khd k h a n dd k h d n g chi dfldc ghi n h a n d n g a n h du lich m a cdn ton tai ci cac
NghiSn ciiu Kinh tff sff 6(481) - Thing 6/2018 7li
Ufng dung Mo hinh kim cuang ...
nhflng n g a n h hd trd va lien q u a n . D i l u nay lam suy giam nghiem t r g n g n a n g Iflc c a n h t r a n h cua t i n h trong n g a n h du lich.
3.5. Ve nhiing cd hoi ddi vdi ngdnh trong boi cdnh hoi nhqp
Ve cdc cam ket da bien trong linh vi/c dich vii du lick. Vidt Nam cam ket ddi vdi eae p h i n nganh dich vu dai ly du lich va kinh doanh lfl h a n h du lich, dich vu sap xep cho trong khach san, dich vu cung cdp thflc an va do udng va chflng dfldc ap dung tfl dgng eho cae t h a n h vidn ASEAN. Viet Nam eiing cam k i t xda bd quy dinh rang budc ngfldng tdi da vd'n sb hflu nfldc ngoai ddi vdi cac doanh nghidp nfldc ngoai ddu tfl vao Viet Nam dfldi hinh thflc hen doanh, Uen ket trong boat dgng dai ly du lich, kinh doanh lfl h a n h du lieh. Tuy nhien, Uen quan dd'n tinh da dang eua dieh vu cung cdp, doanh nghiep dich vu lfl h a n h du lich cd vd'n dau tfl nfldc ngoai ehi dfldc phep eung cdp dieh vu dfla khaeh vao du lich Viet Nam va lfl hdnh ndi dia ddi vdi khach vao du Uch Viet Nam nhfl la mgt phdn eua dieh vu dfla khaeh vao du lich Viet Nam. Cac doanh nghidp cd yeu to' nfldc ngoai khong dfldc phep thflc hidn cae dich vu gdi khach trong nflde. Lien quan de'n nhflng b a n ehe ve t h a n h phdn ed edu quan tri doanh nghiep, n h a ddu tfl nflde ngoki tuy dfldc ph^p dfla can bd quan ly vao lam vi^e tai Viet Nam nhflng phai dam bao it nhdt 20% can bd quan ly cua cong ty phai la ngflcfi Viet Nam. Tuy nhien, Viet Nam bao lifu viec khdng cho phep hfldng ddn vidn du lich nflde ngoai h a n h nghe tai Viet Nam. Nhfl vay, mflc do md cfla tbi trflcfng du Uch eua Viet Nam nhin chung la tao "thdng thoang" hdn eho nha ddu tfl so vdi nhflng nganh dieh vu khac nhfl tai ehinh, bao hiem, ngan hang, van tai bien...
Ve cdc cam ket khu viic giUa nhiing niidc thugc Cong ddng Kinh ti'ASEAN (AEC). Vidt Nam da thflc hidn ddy du eac cam ke't mS ciia thi trfldng ddi vdi cac linh vflc khach san, dieh vu xep cho 6 khach san, dich vti phuc vu an uong va kinh doanh lfl h a n h quoc te. Lien quan de'n hai hoa hda cac tieu chudn nganh, Viet Nam da k^ Thda t h u a n thfla n h a n ldn
n h a u trong ASEAN ve nghe du lich (MRA- TP) lam cd sd cho vide phat trien nguon nhan luc du lich ASEAN va tao t h u a n ldi cho dich ehuyen lao dgng trong ngi khdi, ben canh do cdn CO cac tidu chudn chung trong ASEAN nhfl: tieu chudn k h a e h san xanh; ed sS lflu tru n h a dan; n h a ve sinh cdng cdng; dich vu spa;
tieu chudn t h a n h phd' du Uch saeh; tieu chudn du lich cdng dong; hfldng ddn an ninh va an toan du lich eho cae khach san, khu nghi dfldng; Id trinh du lich flng phd vdi bien doi khi h a u . . . Lien q u a n den san phdm du lich eu the, Viet Nam da t h a m gia xay dflng 130 san phdm du hch ehung de ket ndi it nhdt 2 quoc gia trong ASEAN theo cac nhdm chuyen dl nhfl du Uch thien nhien, du lich van hda va di san, du lieh edng dong, du lieh dfldng hien va dfldng sdng. Lien quan den cac boat dgng thfldng nien, Viet N a m t h a m gia nhflng sfl kien tdm k h u vflc nhfl Hdi ehd Du lich qud'c te TRAVEX ben l l Dien d a n Du Uch ASEAN va ed nhflng ddng gop tich cflc tai cae phien hop djnh ky va hgp chuyen d l . Ngoai ra, Vidt Nam cdn tich cflc va ehu dgng trong eac cd che' hdp tae du lieh tieu vflng va gifla ASEAN vdi cac nflde, td' chflc ddi tae. Cae khudn khd' hdp tac phd' bie'n la: Hdp tae GMS (Chfldng trinh hdp tae Tieu vung Me Kdng md rgng); Hdp tae kinh te ACMECS (Campuehia, Lao, Mianma, Thai Lan va Viet Nam); Hdp tac CLMV (Campuehia, Lao, Mianma va Viet Nam); Hdp tac giiia ASEAN vdi cac nfldc va td' ehfle ddi tae (Trung Qude, Nhat Ban, H a n Quoc, Nga, Xn Dd; To chflc Du lich the gidi, Ngan hang Phat trien Chau A...) va hdp tac du Uch song phfldng.
3.6. Ve chinh sdch cua Nhd niidc vd dja phiidng lien quan de'n ngdnh Dinh hfldng chinh sach eua dia phfldng trong linh vfle n a y dflde mo t a trong Quy hoach tdng t h e p h a t trien du lieh tinh Gia Lai den n a m 2020. Day dflde xem la h a n h lang p h a p ly d l chinh q u y i n t i n h Gia Lai ho trd nang cao nang lfle eanh t r a n h va t h u h u t ddu tfl vao n g a n h du lich. Trong do, v l quan diem p h a t trien Uen quan den t h u h u t ddu tfl va cai thien mdi trfldng k i n h doanh nganh du lieh,
72 NghiSn aiu Kinh Iff sff 6(431) - Thing 6/2018
ITng dung Mo hinh kim ctfang .
t i n h Gia Lai k h u y e n khich va tao d i l u kien de cac doanh nghiep, cac t h a n h p h d n kinh te ddu t u p h a t t r i i n du lich t r e n dia ban, cd chinh saeh, ed ehe' t a n g cfldng xa hdi hoa ddu tfl p h a t t r i e n du lich. Ben canh dd, t i n h cung chu t r g n g da dang hda t h i t r u d n g va da dang hda s a n p h d m du lich t r e n ed sci tich cflc k h a i t h a c mgi t i l m n a n g cd t h e bao d a m sfl p h a t t r i e n du lich ben vflng. Lien q u a n d i n q u a n diem p h a t t r i e n vflng, t i n h xac dUnh dat muc tieu p h a t t r i e n du lich Gia Lai trong mdi q u a n he mdt t h i e t lien vflng, gdn ket vdi cac tuye'n diem du lich cua k h u vfle, quoc gia va qud'c td'.
Ben eanh do, mue tieu td'ng q u a t eung dflde t i n h lam ro, cu t h e : "Den n a m 2030 va nhflng n a m tiep theo, xay dflng Gia Lai trd t h a n h t r u n g t a m du lieh cua vflng ve nghi dfldng ket hdp vdi cham soc sfle khoe; p h a t trien n g a n h du lieh thfle sfl trci t h a n h mdt trong nhflng n g a n h k i n h td' q u a n trgng cua tinh, gdp p h d n t h u c ddy t a n g trflSng k i n h td', chuyen dich cd ca'u k i n h te' theo hfldng cdng nghiep hda - hidn dai hda, phfl hdp vdi tid'n trinh hdi n h a p k i n h te' qud'e te, giai quyet viee lam cho ngfldi lao ddng". Ngoai ra, t i n h cung de r a dinh hfldng ddu tfl p h a t trien nganh du lieh, liet ke d a n h mue cac dfl an flu tien t h u h u t d a u tfl va Id t r i n h cu the; de ra eae giai p h a p thflc hien quy hoach trong dd nha'n m a n h de'n vai trd cua ed che, chinh sach va ddi ngu n h a n sfl thfle hien ehfle nang quan ly va xuc tie'n ddu tfl. Va'n de hdi nhap, bao vd mdi trfldng va da dang hda nguon vd'n ddu tfl eung dfldc e h u trgng. Tuy nhien, t i n h vdn ehfla co giai p h a p eu t h e de gia t a n g n a n g lfle eanh t r a n h eua n g a n h du lich Gia Lai cung nhfl t a n g t i n h h a p ddn cua mdi trflcfng ddu tfl. Chu yeu cac quy hoach vdn d t d m vi md, ehfla thfle sfl cu t h e d l ap dung trflc tie'p vao thflc tien dia phfldng.
3.7. Ddnh gid chung ve ndng luc canh tranh cua tmh Gia Lai trong ngdnh dich vu du lich
N a n g liic canh t r a n h n g a n h du lich cua t i n h Gia Lai theo Md h i n h kim cfldng nhin
chung edn thSp va yd'u kdm. 'Vien kim cfldng" n g a n h du lieh Gia Lai chua t h a t sfl
"tda sang" dung vdi t i e m n a n g cua tinh.
4. H a m y e h i n h s a c h c h o t i n h t r o n g bd'i c a n h h o i n h a p v a t h u h u t d a u tfl
- Ndng cao chdt liidng dich vu du lich.
Tinh cdn t r i e t de huy ddng mgi nguon Iflc ddu tfl cho cd sd vdt chdt ky t h u a t va h a tdng du lich, k e t hdp quy hoach sap x i p va xay dflng cac cd s6 dich vu lien quan nhfl k h a c h san, n h a nghi, cham sdc sfle khde, an ud'ng, vui chdi giai t r i . . . Tang cfldng quan ly eae loai dich vu va phi dich vu. Nang eao y thfle phue vu trong kinh doanh, gifl gin va p h a t h u y gia t r i v a n hda t r u y e n thong cua ngfldi Viet. Chu trgng p h a t trien da dang hda san phdm du lieh dap flng tieu chudn du lich quoc te, gdn lien vdi bao ton, p h a t trien, quang ba h i n h a n h va p h a t huy vai trd eac vung di tich lich sfl, cac diem de'n va khu du lich. Xay dflng h i n h a n h va thfldng hieu, n h a n dien du lieh dia phfldng dac sac va t h a n thien. Lidn ket vdi cac nfldc trong khu vflc, k h a i t h a c triet de tuyen h a n h lang Ddng - Tay, hinh t h a n h cac tour, tuyen du lich chung nhfl: Chfldng trinh gifla Vidt Nam - Campuehia - Lao, tuye'n dfldng bd 3 nflde Viet Nam - Lao - Thai Lan n h a m t h u h u t khaeh tfl eae nfldc ASEAN va khaeh du Ueh tfl nflde thfl ba vao ASEAN ndi tour vao tinh.
- Xdy diing mdi triidng du lich nhdn vdn, ben vUng.
Tap t r u n g n a n g cao n h a n thflc cua xa hdi, cdng dong v l trach nhiem bao ve mdi trfldng du lieh, flng xfl v a n minh t h a n thidn, gifl ^ n t r a t tfl tri an, ve sinh mdi trfldng... Tang cflcfng quan 1;^ bao dam v l an ninh t r a t tfl, ve sinh mdi trfldng. Xay dflng k e n h thdng tin v l dich vu tai dia phfldng cho du khaeh qua internet, mang xa hdi va cae dn phdm quang ba du lich.
- Dinh hiidng phdt trien du lich trd thdnh ngdnh kinh te mdi nhgn, hdi hoa cdc muc tieu phdt triin du lich vdi cdc muc tieu phdt trien kinh te- xd hdi.
NghiSn aiu Kinh iff sff 6(431) - Thing 6/2018 73
UTng dung Mo hinh kim cuirng ...
Cai t h i e n n a n g lfle cd q u a n q u a n ly n h a nfldc ve du lieh. Quy hoach t h e o hfldng t a p t r u n g t h u h u t ddu tfl p h a t t r i e n theo hfldng b e n vflng. Hoan t h i e n e h i n h sach va cac cd c h i t h u c ddy cong t a c p h a t t r i e n nguon n h a n lfle du lich, bao d a m chdt Ifldng va h i e u qua l a m cdng tae, d a p flng yeu edu hdi n h a p va eanh t r a n h quoc t e va k h u vflc. H i n h t h a n h ddi ngu n h a n lfle n g a n h du lich n a m vflng nhflng k i l n thfle v l hdi n h a p , t h d n g t h a o v l ngoai ngfl, t i n hge, nghiep v u du lich, n a m b a t kip thcfi t h d n g t i n v l t h i trfldng, l u a t p h a p qud'c t l
- Phdt trien thi triidng, xuc tie'n quang bd vd thiidng hiiu du lich.
Tien h a n h xac d i n h p h a n k h u c t h i trfldng khach du lich, c h u t r g n g t h i trfldng du lich ndi dia, hfldng de'n k h a i t h a c t i l m n a n g cua t h i trfldng du Uch s i n h t h a i va nghi dfldng.
Xuc tien va q u a n g b a d u lieh hfldng de'n t h i trfldng muc tidu, q u a n g b a du lich gdn vdi quang b a h i n h a n h dia phfldng. Phdi hdp vdi eac dia phfldng k h a c xay dflng thfldng hieu du Ueh vung, dia phfldng, d o a n h nghiep va thfldng hieu s a n phdm, dia diem du lieh cu the./.
TAI LifiU THAM K H A O
1. Deppeni D. and Cerrato D. (2005). Analyzing intemational competitiveness at the firm level: concepts and measures, Quaderni del Dipartimenio di Scienze Economiche e Sociah. Universitd Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Piacenza, 32. pp.2007-2013.
2. Famshmidt S.. Smith A. & Judge W. Q. (2016), National Competitiveness and Porter's Diamond Model:
TTie Role of MNE Penetration and Governance Quality, Global Strategy Journal, 6(2), 81-104.
3. Ghemawat P. (1986), Sustainable advantage, Harvard business review, 64(5), pp.53-58.
4. Giaoutzi M. (2017), Tourism and regional development- New pathways, Routledge.
5. Konsolas L (2017), The competitive advantage of Greece: an application of Porter's diamond, Routledge.
6. Mowforth M. & Munt 1. (2015), Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and new tourism in the third world, Routledge.
7. Ozer K. O., Latif H., Saryy§^k M. & Erg n 0 . (2012), Intemational Competitive Advantage of T\irkish Tourism Industry: A Comperative Analyse of Turkey and
^ a i n By Using The Diamond Model of M. Porter, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58,1064-1076.' 8. Porter M.E. (1990). The competitive advantage of nations, Competitive Intelligence Review, 1(1), pp.14-14,
9. Yang C. (2015), A Diamond Model-Based Study of the Tourism Competitiveness in Coastal Cities in China;
Take Qingdao, China as an Example, In Proceedings of 2014 1st International Conference on Industrial Economics and Industrial Security (p^. 445-451), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
10. Zhao W., Watanabe C. & Griffy-Brown C. (2009), Competitive advantage in an industry cluster: The case of Dalian Software Park in China, Technology in society, 31(2), 139-149.
1!. Anh V. T. T. (2017), Nflng cao nang luc canh tranh cum ng&nh du Ijch tinh Thiia Thifin Hu£'.
12.Cap C. V. (2013), Nang cao nang lire canh tranh ciia doanh nghifip trong dilu kifin Vifit Nam gia n h ^ T 6 chtJc Thuong mai thsf gidi, Tgp chi Phdi trien vd hdi nhgp, 2 (12), 29-35.
13. Hidn N. T. D. (2017), Phfln Ii'ch loi th^ canh tranh nganh sfla cua Vifit Nam. Tgp chi Phdt triin khoa hgc vd c6ngngh4,I9(4Q),4S-61.
14.Tah C. A. (2017), Nflng cao nSng luc canh tranh ciia cum nganh chfi' bifi'n gd cao su Vifit Nam.
15.T\iydn N. T. P. (2017), Nflng cao nang luc canh tranh cum nganh tma ducng khu v\Sc Ddng Nam Bd.
Ngay nhfln bai:
Ngay duyfit d ^ g :
17-4-2018 22-5-2018
74 WffhiBn aiu Kinh Iff sff 6(431) - Thing 6/2018
