IWft T I I N O I A O BMC
i QOA 3 NAM THOG HItN GHD M D N G 00 I N IRONG OAO TAD Dfil VIH HDC SINH IHOOG OlfN HOYIN NGHEO VA VONG lAY DAG, IAY NGDYEN,
lAY NAM DO IAI IRDONG DAI HOG KHOA HOG - DAI HOG IHAI NGDYEN
PGS.TS. TRjNH T H A N H H A I '
Abstmct: Based on the analysis of the implementaUon process and the early results In ImpIemenUng human resource training with university degree to the students who are In priority mode under Resolution No.30a/200S/NQ-CP 27/12/2008 by government (called the area 30al and document No. 6977/BGDDT-aDDH, dated 19/10/2012 by the Ministry of Education and Training (called 3T area) at College of Sciences - TNU, the article proposes some solutions to perform the above policy, which contributes to providing human resources according to the social needs of the regions.
1. Xuat phatti>bai toan dao tao nguon nhan lu'c CO trlnh dp dai hpc (BH) cho nhi/ng dja phi/dng thugc dien cac huyen ngheo, bien glal, hai dao va hpc sinh (HS) thupc dien dan too It nguoi, Nha nirdc va Bp GD-DT da dua ra nhieu chu truong, chinh sach, cu the; - Nghi quyet so 30a/2008/NQ-CP ngay 27/121 2008 cua Chinh phu ve Chuong trlnh ho trg giam ngheo nhanh va ben virng doi vdi 62 huyen ngheo {ggi St la dien 30a); Cong van so 6977/BGDBT- GDBH ngay 19/10/2012 cua Bp GD-BT ye Chlnh sach dac thiJ trong tuyen sinh B H , cac dang (CB) cho cac tInh/thanh pho thupc khu vuc Tay B^c, Tay Nguyen vaTay Nam bp (ggitStIa dien 3T};- Quyet djnh SP 2123/QB-TTg n g i y 22/11/2010 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu ve l/u tien trong cong tac tuyen sinh doi voi nhijng thi sinh 20 huyen ngheo bien glol, hai dao thupc khu vuc Tay Nam bg; -Quyetdinh so293/
QB-TTg ngay 05/02/2013 ciiaThutucmg Chinh phu veviec hStrgco muc Heu ti) ngan sach Tmng uong cho 23 huyen CO tilehp ngheo cao dugc apdung CO che, chlnh sach dau ti/ co so ha tang theo quy djnh cua Nghj quyet so 30a/2008/NQ-CP.
Thuc hien cac chil truong tren, nhi/ng HS co hp khau thudng tnJ tiJr 3 nam tro len, hpc 3 nam va tot nghiep tiling hpc phothong tai cac huyen ngheo {HS hpc phothong dan tpc ngi tnj tinh theo ho khau thudng tni), tlnh den ngay nop ho so dang ki xet tuyen theo
62 Tqp chi Gido due so 368
quy dinh va thi sinh la ngudi dan tpc rat It ngucii theo quy djnh talBe an phat trien giao dye doi vdi cac dan tpc rat It ngucfi giai dpan 2010-2015 (30a) dugc xet tuyen vap hpcDH.Nhirng thisinhnayneutnjngtuyen phal hgc bosung kien thu'c 01 nam hpc trudc khi vao hpc chinh thlic.
Ngay 19/10/2012, Bp GD-BT da triln khai cong van so6977/BGDDT-GbDH ve chinh sach dac thu trong tuyen sinh D H , CB cho cac tinh thupc khu vuc Tay B5c, Tay Nguyen vaTay Nam bg (3T). NhiJng thl sinh thugc dien nay dugc cgng them 1 diem uu tien khi xet tuyen (xet tuyen ddi vdl nhiJng HS co ket qua thl 3 Chung thap hon 1 diem so vdi diem san).
NhUngthlsinh nay neu tnjngtuyen phai hgc bosung klen thitc 01 hoc ki trudc khi vao hgc chinh thiic.
NhutigHSthugc dien 30a,3T khong dugchudng chedghd trg kinh phitheo tinh than Nghidinhso49/
2015/ND-CP,si}a doi, bdsung mptscdieu cua Nghi djnhsdl34S006/ND-CP ngay 14/i 1/2006 cila Chinh phO nhu nhi/ng HS thupc dien cii tuyen.
2. Ket quathuc hien viec dao tao HS dien 30a, 3T tai Trudng Bai hpc Khoa hgc (DHKH) - Bai hoc Thai Nguyen (BHTN)
2.1. Chucmg trinh iao tao. Tren co sd chuong trinh on tap van hda cho do'l tuong du bj B H ban
* Tnrong 6ai liQC Khoa hoc - Oai hoc Thai Nguyen
-(kl 2-1012015)
hanh kem theo Thdng tu so48 ^012/TT-BGDDT ngay 11/12/2012euaBpGD-DT,DHTN da ban hanh chuong trinh dn van hda chung cho toan bdcac don vi thanh vien trong DH (Quye't dinh so 1207/QD- DHTN ngay 08/10/2012vaQuyfitdinhs6l736/QD- BHTN,ngay 25/12/2012).
Bang 1, Cau Viic chuang trinh on van hoa doi vdi HS dien 30a Tin
•mdn So lift /men/
WiSl Cat>in 1
224 Toin; A. B Van:C
Caban 2 150 Vat II: A Hda hpc: B Uch sCi: C
Cabins 120 H6a:A Sinh B eia. C
Tieng Anti 120 Chung cho cac khfi: A.
B.G 7,„»«,
60 Chung cho cac khoi A, B, C
2,2, Keiquadao tao. Theo quy dinh chung ciia SHTN,mdl hpc klHSsecd2-3 diem kiem tra thudng xuyen va 1 bai thi het hpc kl. Ketqua cudi cijng dupc tinh tren c o s d trung binh chung ket qua hai hpc ki.
Oieu kien de HS dugc chuyen sang glal dpan hpc chinh thiJc chuong trinh BH la tat ca cac men hpc deu cd ketqua tdng kettur5,0 trd len va khdng bj hanh kiem tiitrung blnh trd xudng.
Bang 2. Ket qua dao lao giaidoan on van hoa cia HS difn 30a, 31 tai Tn/dng BHKH-BHTN NSm hQC
2012-3013 2013-2014 2014-2015 C^ng tfing
HSdn vSnhda
190 129 87 406
HsaoaSumn
vio hoc OH 144 98 81 323
HS khdng <^ a&j ki^n vio hoc DH
46 31 06 S3
Phan tich ketqua hgc tap ddi vdi 83 HS khdng du dleu kien hgc tiep chuong trinh DH (theo Quy djnh ciia BHTN), cho thay: - So HS khdng datca 5 mon:
1;SdHS khdng dat4 mdn: 11; S d H S khdng dat3 mon: 16; Sd HS khdng dat 2 mon: 26; Sd HS cd 1 mon khdng dat: 29; - Trong to'ng sd 178 diem dudl tmng binh thioac mdn khoa hgc ca ban va tieng Anh chidm tile xap xl 95%.Trong dddlem dudl trung blnh cacmdn (Sng Anh,Toan, Li,Hda cdtiie cao hon cac m d n V a n , S i i v a D j a t i .
S . M o t s o v a n d e n a y sinh t r o n g qua trinh dao t a o c h o H S dien 30a, S T t a l T r u d n g B H K H - e H T N
3,1. Ve thiH gian giai doan on vanhoa
• Viec thdng bao tuyen sinh, thu va xii li hd so tai cac dja phuang do S d GD-DT thuc hien (thudng la do phdng Giao due chuyen nghiep cac Sd GD-BT dam nhan); do phal thing chuyen qua nhieu khau
(kt 2-1012015)-
tnjng gian nen hd sa xet tuyen chuyS'n den BHTN thudng cham. Thuc te 3 nam qua deu phai budc sang thang 11 viec dn tap van hda mdl dn djnh. Nhu vay, nha tn/dng phai tang the* iugng sdtet moi mdn trong tuan de'dam bao den thang 6 nam sau la ket thijc gial doan dn van hda. Viec hgc den 8 tlet/mdn/
tuan (mdn 1)selaquatal vol kha nang cua nhieu HS.
-HS khidn van hda dugc phan chia theo khdima cac em d a d u t h i D H , C B ; n h u v a y nhiing HS nay se phai bd th thanh cac Idp nhd theo cac khdi A, B, C.
Van de nay dan den cd nhiJng Idp dn van hoa vdlsd lugng HS rat it. Cac ca sd dao tao deu phai bu kinh phide'chitra kinh phidao tap.
- Macdij HS dien 3T chidn van hda trpng 1 hpc ki, nhung sau khi hoan thanh giai doan dn van hoa thi da ket thuc hpc ki i. Nhu vay, nhiing HS nay roi vao trang thai"n/i^vlconhieu hgc phan danh cho nam thiinhat chl tdchiic trong hpc ki I, va cung cd nhiing hpc phan trong ke hoach hpc kl I lai ia hgc phan dieu klen tn/dc hay dieu kien tien quyetciia cac hpc phan ducrc giang daydhpcklll.Macdutrongdaotaotheohocchetlnchl ve mat li thuyet, sinh vien (SV) cd the hpc tang khdi lugng dcac hgc ki sau hoac trong hpc ki he (neu nha trudng tdchuc), nhung day ia mdt van de khpng dan gian vrSI nang luc cdn han checiia SV dien 3T.
3.2. Veva'n delira chpn nganh hgc Chiing tdi da thi/c hien dieu tra xa hpi hpc ddi vdi 406 HS ve "Dgng cff chgn nganh cua HS dien 30a, 5 r khi den nhap tmdng hSng nam (2012-1014), ket qua thu dugc nhu sau: - Theo xu hudng nganh l i d r nhu Luat, Cdng tac xa hpi, Quan II tai nguyen va mdi tn/dng: 203; -Do be, me hpac ngUiilthan dang cdng tac trong ffnh vuc dd: 18; - Do gla dinh xac djnh cohdl xin viec lam sau khi tdt nghiep: 2 1 ; - Chpn do ban be Cling ldp/ hoac da cd ban be dang hgc d Tn/dng BHKH-BHTf^ tuvan: 27; - Do tim hie'u dia phuong dang thdng bao tuyen ngudi tdt nghiepBH thugc ffnh vi/c dd: 07; - Do tu van ciia giao vien day d tn/dng tmng hpc phdthdng: 32; • Do iJpc thdng tin vechuong trlnh, chuan dau ra,xu hudng nghenghlep cac nganh d muc ba cdng khai tren website Tn/dng BHKH- BHTN: 82; - Do biet dupc xu hudng phat trie'n KT- XH, van hda cua dja phuong qua cac phucmg Sen ttuyen thdng: 05; - Li do khac: 11.
NhUvay, viec iua chgn nganh hgc chu yeu la do HS ti/xac djnh ma khdng tinh den nhu cau ve ngudn nhan luc cija cac dia phuong, cd nhiing nganh ma
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dja phuong can thi lai it HS lua chpn vacung cd nhung nganh mamptdia phuong cd nhieu SV tfieo hpc din den tinh trang lang phi kinh phi eua gia dinh HS, tao ra subatcap trong viec sudung nguon nhan luc sau nay cua cac dja phuong.
4. Vdi muc tieu thuc hien vifie uu tifin khau xet tuyen dau vao trong dao tao nham tao thfim eo hpi hpc DH eho nhung HS thudc cae huyen ngheo, vung bien gidi hai dao, dan tpe it ngudi qua do gdp phan cung cap nguon nhan lue eho cac dja phuong nay, theo chung toi can giai quyfi't eae bai toan eu the sau:
4.1. Thuc hKn daa taa theo nhu eau xa hgi Hien nay, tiang nam Trudng DHKH-DHTN danh khoang 10% chi tifiu chinh quy cho dd'i tupng HS difin 30a va 3T. De nhdng HS difin 30a, 3T dupc hudng uu tifin trong khau tuyfi^n sinh sau 4 nam hpe se kjp thdl bosung nguon nhan luc cho cae dia phuong va phat huy dupc tac dung tfiUC su thi viec l i ^ ehpn nganh nghe phai g^nvd^ chie'n lupe phat trie'n kinh tfi', van hda, xa hpi cua cac dja phuong.
Dfi'thue hifin dupc dieu nay, nha trudng can phdi hpp chat ehevdi cac dja phuong n3m b^t dupc nhu eau thgc suve nguon nhan luc cua tdng dja phuong, td ddcd suphan hoaeh so HS dien 30a, 3T nham dap ung kip thdi nhu eau phattrie'n nguon nhan luc cho vung dan tpc, nhat la vung sau, vung xa, vung dac bifit khd khan, cu the': - Vephia dia phuang:
Can cdvao dubao nhu cau ngudn nhan luc cua dja phuang, Sd GD-DT dinh hudng cho HS dien 30a, 3T dang ki du tuyen; dong thdi chuyen cho trudng DH nhu cau ve so lupng theo tdng ITnh vuc; - Ve phia Wdng BH: Xet tuye'n bam vao nhu cau cua dia phuong va trong tn/dng hpp can thiet se tu van dfi'HS dleu chuye'n nganh hpc theo nhu eau nguon nhan lue tdng dja phupng.
4.2. Ve bo tri thai gian dao taa giaidoan on van hoa. Tn/dc hfi't, viec quy dinh HS difin 3T phai trai qua glal doan dn tap, he thd'ng van hda la can thiet, giup cac em cd them kie'n thdc co so tnrdc khi budc vao giai doan hpc DH. Tuy nhifin, vdi thdi gian quy djnh 1 hpc ki la chua phu hpp. Can phai xay dung ke hoach dao tao mem deo hon tren eosoQuy che'dao tao theo hpc chfi'tin chi cua Bp GD-DT.
4.3. Veviec phoi hgp eac easddao tao trong giai doan on van hoa. Be khdc phuc vifie phai to' chuc nhdng ldp dn tap v« sd lupng it HS dong thdi 64 Tqp chi Gido due so 368
dam bao viec dn tap, hethong hda kie'n thdc cho cac ||
HS dien 30a, 3T dat duoe muc tieu dera, thuc tfi'da cdsuket hpp giua eae don vj, ching han khoa Ngoai ngu-DHTN gui HS dien 30a, 3T hpc dn van hda tai Tn/dng DHKH-DHTN, hay viec dn van hda cho 28 HS dien 3a, 3T cua tinh Ha Giang (nam hpc 2014- 2015} dang ki du tuyen vao Trudng DHKH-DHTN do Trudng Cao ding Su pham Ha Giang to' ehdc giang day. Tuy nhien, can md rpng hon nua sU phoi hpp giua cac co sdthanh vien cua DHTN.DHTN cd the' giao cho mpt hay vai dOn vj thanh vien cd thfi manh ve dpi ngu tie'n hanh dao tao glal doan dn tap cho toan bd cac HS dien 30a, 3T cua DH.
4.4. Van di'hS trg SV ve kinh phi hgc tap.
Trong thdi gian qua, Trudng DHKH-DHTN da uu tien danh nhieu suat hpc bd'ng trich td ngan sach nha trudng, cac quy hpc bong cd dupc do xa hdi hda cho S V difin SOa, 3T va uu tien bo tri cho SV thupc dien nay dupc 6 ki tuc xa cua nha trudng, viec lam nay da kjp thdi dpng vien, khuye'n khich SV trong hpc tap. Tuy nhien, SV dien SOa, 3T khdng dupc ho trp kinh phi nhuS V dien cdtuyfi'n nen hpc phi va chi phi sinh hoat la mpt ganh nang dd'i vdi gia dinh. Chu ta/ong, chinh sach cua Nha nudc cho vay vtS lai suat uu dai dac bifit doi vdi SV dien SOa, 3T la mpt van de can dupe quan tam, ban thao va sdm dupe trifi'n khai. U
TSi lifu tham khio
1. Nghi quy^t 30a/2008/NQ-CP. ngJiy 27/12/2008 cua Chinh phu v^ Chuong trinh h6 trg giSm nghfeo nhanh va bSn vftng dO'i vdi 61 huyOn nghfeo.
2. COng van s6 6977/BGDDT-GDDH ngSiy 19/10/2012 cua BO GD-DT vi Chinh sdch ddc tliU trong tuyin sinfi dai lioc, cao ddng clio cdc llnh/thdnh ph^tha^c fcku vuc Tdy Bdc. Tdy Nguyin vd Tdy Nam i(3.
3. Trifeu Phi Hung. Hap dSng ddo tao v&i quan diim ddo tgo ngudn nhdn lifc theo nhu cdu xd hdi giita tinh Cao Bdng vcri Truing Dai hQC Khoa hpc. Ki y^u Hgi thao khoa hgc "Dao lao ngu6n nhan lire theo nhu ciu xa hoi". Tnnyng D^i hgc Khoa hpc - D^ii hpc Thfii Nguyen, 2013.
4. Trdn Trung. Tru&ng D\t bi D(ti hpc S^m Son vdi vdn di ddo tgo ngudn nhdn luc cho miin nui ddp iing nhu cdu xd h0i. K ySu Hpi thao Khoa hpc "Dfio t^o ngudn nhan luc theo nhu c3u xa hpi". Tru&ng D^ii hpc Khoa hoc - Dai hpc Thai Nguyfen, 2013.
5. SO' li?u v6 k^t qua dao tao hfe 30a, 3T cua Truferng Dai hgc Khoa hpc - Dai hpc ThSi Nguyfen.