HUONG DAN QUAN LI SUDUNG
T I M K I I M T U O N C T I N CIAO DUC B A O v i MOI TRIfdNC
QUA MANC INTERNf T DE HO TRQf DAY HOC MON DIA U
ThS. Vuomg Thi Phvomg Hgnh Vi^n Khoa hpc Gido due Vi^t Nam Trong nhilu nam trd lgi 2. Vai trd cda mdn Dja If cic nguon tii nguyen vi moi diy, nhirng diu hipu cho thiy trong trudng phd thong trudng...
ngn suy thoii mdi trudng ngiy Mdn Dja Ii trong trudng Trong hai nhdm kiln thiic mgt rd ring hon do nhilu phd thdng cd nhilu thuin tien, kien thiic ciia nhdm ttiir nguyen nhin, chu ylu li do tic Igi dl GDBVMT cho HS vi nhit chinh li nhimg kiln tiiirc
nhung kien thiic vl cic thinh phan ciia mdi trudng ty nhien, mdi trudng kinh te - xa hgi, mdi quan hp qua lai giira mdi trudng vi con ngudi... li mgt phin ciia kien thiic Dia li. Vi viy, nhiing kien thiic ve mdi trudng vi GDBVMT da dugc tich hgp vao chuang trinh, SGK Dia li tir diu tiiap ki 80 ciia the ki XX.
Sau khi r i soit lai chuang trinh Dja li, chiing tdi nhan thiy nhung kien thiic GDBVMT tiong SGK cd thi phin bipt thinh 2 nhdm:
+ Nhiing kien thiic de cap den cic thanh i)han ciia mdi trudng, cic ngudn tii nguyen thien nhien, cic canh quan thien nhien, cic hipn tugng ty nhien, nhiing kien thirc ye din cu va hogt dgng kinh te - xi hgi cua con ngudi.
+ Nhiing kien thiic ve tinh
vdi mdi truang vi bilt cich hinh khai thic, sii dung cic GDBVMT cin thilt phii sii hinh ddng thich hgp dl bao vp bipn phip bao ve tii nguyen dyng vi khai thic them kiln mdi trudng, img xii thich nghi vi mdi trudng nhu: tinh hinh
thdng minh vdi mdi trudng sir dyng tii nguyen hgp li (Xem hinh). hay khdng hgp Ii; thyc trgng dgng cua con ngudi. Cic nhi
khoa hpc vi quin ly da xic dinh mgt tiong nhihig nguyen nhin ca bin giy su^ thoii mdi tiidng li do sy thieu hieu biet, thieu y thirc cua con ngudi.
Phii ginh chiu nhieu h|u qui gay ra, con ngudi da bit dau y thiic dugc ve nhiing inh hudng cd hgi ciia minh ddi vdi mdi trudng sdng.
1. Giao due bao vp moi trudng (GDBVMT)
GDBVMT la mgt trong nhung bien phip hihi hieu nhit, kinh te nhat va cd tinh ben vimg tiong cic bien phap de thyc hien muc tieu bao ye mdi trudng va phat trien ben virng dat nudc. Thdng qua giio due, timg ngudi va cdng ddng dugc tiang bi kien thirc ve mdi trudng, ve ning lyc phit hien va xir ly cic van de mdi trudng. GDBVMT giiip cho HS cd y thiic tiach nhiem
Dja li da dugc giing day d trudng phd thdng. Nhdm kiln thiic thii hai Ii nhihig kiln thiic de cap den tac dgng cua con ngudi vdi mdi trudng vi tii nguyen thien nhien. Nhom kien thiic nay phin nao da dugc dua vio SGK cic lop nhung nhin chung chua that diy du, do dd GV cin chu y khai thic, lya chgn de dua vio bii giing dudi hinh thiie hen hp, bd sung, tim kiem cac ngudn tbdng tin da dang khac.
3. Sach giao khoa SGK da cung cap cho HS mdt lugng kien thiic nhat dinh vl GDBVMT. Tuy nhien lugng kien thiic cd tiong kenh chii vi kenh hinh cua SGK chua nhieu vi chua thuc su di siu giai quyet mgt vin de cua mdi trudng. Do dd, ben cgnh SGK, he thdng cic loai bin do... khi dgy hgc ngi dung
Hinh. Tdc ddng cua GDBVMT doi vdi HS Y thiic, thii dg
than thipn vdi moi trudng
Nhgn thurc dung din ve mdi trudng Ky nang thyc tl hanh dgng trong mdi
thuc tir tianh inh, video va cic ngudn kien thirc bo tip khac (dl tai, sach bao, giio trinh...). Trong gidi hgn cua nghien cuu niy, chiing tdi gidi thieu each tim kiem thong tin GDBVMT qua mang Intemet hd tig GV va HS tirong day hgc Dia li d trudiig phd thong.
\^pc tim kigm thdng tin tii mgng Intemet khdng chi
Ngdy nhdn bdi 25/02/2013; Ngdy duyfl dang 25/03/2013 3 4 * TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 92-04/2013
HUONG DAN QUAN LI SUDUNG giiip GV vi HS cd thSm kien
thiic vdi mdt lugng thdng tin khdng lo mi cdn ting vdn hieu biet ve tin hgc, ngogi ngii; kich thich khi nang tim tdi, sing tao cua HS, khai dgy d cic em tinh tich cyc^ chu dpng giii quyet vin de cua bin thin vi bio vp ket qui lao dgng trudc thay cd vi bgn be.
Khi tim kiem tbdng tin tir mgng Intemet, trudc het GV vi HS can xic dinh rnuc dich rd ring de viec tim kiem diin^
vi tning. Vi khdng phii bit cir thdng tin nao tien mang Intemet ciing dang tin cay vi dugc kiem soit nen ngudi su dyng can lya chgn nhiing tiang web cd uy tin, vi du tiang web cd dudi .gov (tiang web ciia cic CO quan thupc chinh phu)^
.org (tiang web thuoc cac to chiic phi lgi nhuan), .ac hogc .edu (tiang web thudc cac ca sd khoa hpc, giio dye)...
Viec tim kiem thdng tin thdng thudng va phd bien nhit ddi vdi ngudi dimg Intemet hien nay la sir dung cic cdng cy tim kiem ciia Google, Yahoo, Bring... Nhung tiang web niy ho tig ngudi dung tim kilm thdng tin bing tieng Viet, Anh, Tiimg... nen phu hgp vdi nhieu ddi tugng d nhieu trinh do ngoai ngu vi tin hgc Idiac nhau.
Chi cin gd vio cym tir cin tim kilm, vi dy "d nhiem mdi trudng", ban se nhgn dugc ngay khoang 10.200.000 kit qui tii Google, bao gdm ci bai viit, inh, sd lipUj video...
vdi rit nhieu ngudn khac nhau. v i n de ciia bgn bay gid li xic djnh vi Iua chgn nhiing ngudn tmy cap. Vipc tim kiem thong qua cac trang web niy
se cho bgn kit qui chii khdng dim bio tinh chinh thong yi khoa hgc cua ngudn cung cip thdng tin, do dd bgn can "tinh tao" dl lya chgn thdng tin cho phii hgp.
Mdt sd tiang web nhu Wikipedia, Vietgle... cung cd the giiip ich cho GV va HS tiong vipc tia nghia ciia tir, tim hieu cac khai nipm Uen quan den mdi trudng nhu d nhiem, canh quan, mdi tmdng...
Hien nay, vdi su bung nd cua CNTT thi tien mang Intemet da xuit hien rat nhieu blog ci nhan, dien din ciia nhiing ngudi cd chung mpt vin de quan tam, tiong dd CO nhitiig dien din lien quan den hgc tap, giao due vi mdi tmdng. Tuy nhien, chat lugng vi tinh chin thyc cua cic tai lieu dugc dang tien cac dien dan, blog chua dugc kiem duyet nen khi sir dyng GV vi HS cung can cin nhac. Ddi vdi mdn Dia li ndi chung, mpt sd dien dan cd the giiip GV va HS cd them ngudn tu lieu day vi hgc nhu: violet.
vn; dayvahocdialy.violet.
vn; tulieu.violet.vn; tailieu.
vn; diendankienthuc.net...
Diy dugc coi la nhiing trang mang xa hdi cua cdng ddng GV, HS, nhiing ngudi quan tim den giio due cua Viet Nam, la noi giao luu kien thirc va chia se tii nguyen dgy hgc. Cic tiang web niy cung cip hing ngin tii lieu, ebook, sich... hap dan, ndi bit vdi cic logi file pdf, word, excel, powerpoint... cho phep upload vi download mien phi.
Nhung bai hgc Dia Ii cic cap, nhung van d^ lien quan den GDBVMT se dugc tim tiiiy
trong nhiing kho tii nguyen tu lieu niy.
Ben canh nhimg tiang m^ng xa hpi, GV va HS cd the tmy cap vio dia chi web cua cic CO sd giio dye nhu cic Sd GD&DT, Khoa Dja li ciia cic trudng Dai hoc, Cao Ding, THPT THCS...
tien ci nudc. Tai diy, ban cd the tim thay thdng tin ve cac Hgi thio, bio cio chuyen de, sing kien kinh nghiem cua ca nhin, td chuyen mdn...
nhirng ngi dung kien thiic nay se giup GV vi HS cd them tu lieu trong day hpc Dia li ndi chung vi GDBVMT ndi rieng.
Dudi day, chung tdi cung cap them mgt so trang web co cbiia dyng nhieu thdng tin bd ich mi GV vi HS cd the khai thac ngi dung GDBVMT, hd trg trong day hgc ndi chung va day hgc Dia li ndi rieng.
*http://www.epe.edu.vn Trang Web Thdng tin GDBVMT thudc sy quan ly ciia Vu Khoa hgc - Giao due va Mdi tmdng, Bp GD&DT.
Trang web nay cung cap, chia se thdng tin, kien thiic ve cac chii tmong, chinh sich cua Dang va Nha nudc, cac vin bin phap quy... ve mdi tmdng d Viet Nam. Trang web ciing la ciu ndi giiia cic td chiic va ca nhan hogt dgng trong ITnh vyc bao ve mdi tmdng tiong va ngoii nudc. Trang web ciing cap nhit, chia se cic thdng tin mdi ve Bien ddi khi hiu, cic boat ddng nham nang cao nhin thiic ve Bien^
dao va Chu quyen lanh thd Qudc gia.
* http://vea.gov.vn Vea Portal cung cap cac
TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 92-04/2013 • 3 5
HUONG DAN QUAN LI SUDUNG chii tmong, dudng loi ciia Ding, chinh sich vi phip lugt cua Nhi nudc vl cdng tic bio vp moi trudng; cic sy kipn, vy vipc vl mdi trudng dugc du lugn vi xa hgi quan tam;
cong bd cdng khai thdng tin ve cic ca sd giy d nhiem mdi tmdng; dang tii cic dy thio van bin quy phgm phip lugt do Tong cyc Mdi tmdng chii tri xiy dyng vi cic Bg^ nginh lien quan de Iiy y kien rgng rai cua ngudi din vi doanh nghiep.
* http://www.dmhccgov.vn Trang web cun^ cip cic thdng tin ve bien ddi khi hiu;
xay dyng chien lugc qudc gia ve bien ddi khi hiu; cinh bio va dy bio thien tai, iing phd vdi thien tai; tin tiic ve bio ve tang Ozon; 6 nhiem khi quyen va van de bio vp ting khi quyen; cung cip he thdng cac van ban phip quy ve bien ddi khi hiu vi cinh bio, dy bio, giim nhe thien tai (dgng dat, sdng thin...).
* ht(p://www.nchmf.gov.vn Trang web ciia Tmng tam Du bio khi tugng thuy van Tmng uang - Bd Tai nguyen vi Mdi tmdng gdp phan phd bien kien thirc ve khi tugng thuy van, nang cao y thirc cgng ddng ve phdng tiinh vi giam nhe thiet hai do thien tai, cung cip, khai thic cac djch vy ve khi tugng thuy van va mdi trudng, dy bio khi tugng thuy van vi phit cic ban tin dy bio, cinh bio, thdng bio thdi tiet, thuy van.
* http://vea.gov.vn Trang web cung cap cac thdng tin ve bio tdn da dgng sinh hpc, danh sich do va bd suu tap inh ve da dang
sinh hgc (rfimg nhipt ddi, cic loai dgng vgt, thyc v§t qu^' hilm...); cung d p thdng tin ve cic vudn qu^c gia, khu dy trii sinh quyen, cic hp sinh thii trong ca nudc cQng nhu tien the gidi; vi^c bio v^ cic loii thii quy hiem nhu bio hoa mai, bio Iua...hay cic loii thyc vgt qu^ nhu Ian hii, lim xanh...
Ngoii nhihig trang web mi chiing tdi gidi thipu tien diy, GV vi HS cung cd thi tim thiy tiidng tin ve GDBVMT thdng qua tiang web cic tinh/
thinh phd khi tim hieu ve thyc tigng mdi tmdng dia phuong hogc thdng qua cic trang ve du lich, hogc trang web rieng ciia vudn qudc gia, khu bao tdn thien nhien... Neu GV va HS cd kha nang ngogi ngir thi viec tim kiem thdng tin ve mdi tmdng tien cic tiang web ciia the gidi thuc sy se mang Igi hipu qui cao vi tinh chuyen nghiep, ngudn tu lipu phong phii. Nhimg tiang web thudng dugc khai thic vi sii dyng trong dgy hgc Dia Ii ndi chung vi chua dyng ndi dung mdi trudng, GDBVMT ndi rieng nhu: Td chiic mdi tiirdng LHQ (UNEP): www.
unep.org; Atlas din sd vi tii nguyen the gidi http://atlas.
aaas.org...
4. Ket luan
Viec giio dye mdi trudng khdng chi cho hdm nay mi cho ci ngiy mai. Nham xay dyng mgt mdi tmdng "xanh, sgch, dep", mdi GV vi HS Ii mpt tuyen tmyen vien tich cyc vl GDBVMT tiong nha tmdng vi trong cgng ddng xa hgi. Trong thdi dai cdiig nghe thdng tin phat triln
manh me nhu hipn nay, tmy cap Intemet da vi dang fro nfin dl ding vi ph6 biln, tuy nhifin vipc tim kiem thdng tin tir mgng de phyc vy cho myc dich giio dye thi van cin c6 nhiing djnh hudng nhat dmh.
Ngudi thiy ngoii vipc ty hpc, ty boi duong, tim tdi nhiing tir • lipu bo ich de nang cao tiinh dp chuyen mdn, vira phii c6 tiich nhipm trong vipc din dit, dinh hudng cho HS tim den nhihig nguon thdng tin an toan, bd ich vi thiet thuc.
T^i li^u tham khao 1. Ludt Bdo v^ moi truang riet Nam, nam 2005.
2. Nguyen Phi Hanh, Nguyen Thi Kim Chuong, Gido dgc moi truang qua mon Dia li a truang pho thdng, NXB Giio dye, 2002.
3. Mpt sd tiang web ve Mdi trudng.
Summary
Environmental education is included in the general education program aimed at fostering a love of nature, fostering feelings, build the good in every person, form habits, environmental protection skills. The educational environment not only for today but also for tomorrow. In order to build an envfronment of
"clean, green, beautifiil,"
every teacher and student is an active propagandist of envfronmental education in schools and in society.
3 6 • TAP CHI THIFT BI GIAO DUC-SO 92-04/2013
