KINH NGHIEM THI/C TlJN
Q U A N LY L A O DONG DI CU 6 THlTA THIEN HUE
ThS. HA THI HANG'
H
ien nay, tinh Thia Thien - Hufi efi 55.961 ngud dang di lim an d cic dja phuemg, trong dfi, cd 55.355 ngud ttong do tufii lao dOng. Lao dfing di cu (LDDC) d Thfla Thifin - Hufi cfi ddng gdp nhit djnh dd'i v d su phat triin kinh tfi - xa hfii cua ea n d di vi n d dfin.Tuy nhifin, LDDC dang phai dfii mat v d hang loat vin dl vl cdng vific vi cufic sfing, VI vay, cin cfi nhflng giai phap phi hpp dfii v d bfi phin lao dfing niy.
1. LBDC d Thira Thien - Hue - xu hufing ta't ye'u
Thuc te cho thiy, d nhilu dja phuong cia miin Trung, ttong dd cd Thia Tliifin Hufi, cac lufing LDDC tu do phin Idn xuit phit t i nong thfin dfin cic dd thj Idn ttong nudc va cac nudc lan can. Vay, nguyfin nhan nao khien lao dfing nfing tlifin d Thia Thien Hufi dieu?
Thd nhdt. ngheo ddi, sfl chfinb Ifich mflc sfing gitta khu vuc nfing thfin va thanh thj ngiy cang Idn. Thia Thiln - Hufi li mfit ttong nhflng tinh cfi ty 11 hfi ngheo eao. Bio cao kfit qua dilu tta hO ngheo, ein ngheo giai doan 2011 - 2015 cua tinh Tiifla Thien - Hufi cho thiy, ttong tfing sfi 250.994 hfi tifin hanh dilu tta, co 28.003 hd ngheo (chifim ty 1111,16%), 17.151 hfi cin ngheo (chifim ty Ifi 6,83%), cic hfi ngheo va can ngheo b ving nfing thfin, din tfic thieu so, cic xa die bifit khfi khan va vung bai ngang cao hdn thanh thi. Clifnh su chenh lech vl thu nhip va mflc sfing bufic ngud lao dfing rdi bd khu vuc nfing thfln dfin cic dfi thi Idn di kifi'm sfing.
Thd hai. tinh trang thilu vile lim, du thia lao dfing d ndng thfin dang diln ra hfit sic ra't gay git. Nfing thfin Thia Thiln Hufi lufin sin cd mdt luc lupng lao dOng tiim ting, chifim hon 70% sfi dan toin tinh. Tiiy nhiin, do dac diim cua nganh Nfing nghiip mang tfnh thdi vu cao, cie thao tie ttln dfing ruOng cua ngudi nfing din chi diln ra ttong mdt thdi gian ngin (ti 9 0 - 1 2 0 ngay), chifim khoang 35%
thdi gian vi khoang thd gian nfing nhan lao dOng ndng nghiep khfing bifit lam gi di sirih sfi'ng. Bfin canh dd, b ndng thfin, cic nginh, nghl tiiu thi cfing nghifip, djch vu ehua phit trien, ttong ichi, tfi'c dfi dfi thj hoi, su phat triin cic khu cfing nghiep, cum efing nghiep, cac cfing ttinh cfing eOng, san golf... lam cho dien tich dat nfing ngliifip ngay cang thu hep. Tfnh t i nam 2006 - 2010, tinh Thfla Thiln - Hufi da thu hfii 4.869,08 ha dit nflng nghiip, lim anh hudng dfin 17.393 bfl nfing dan, hang chuc ngan lao dfing mit viec lam, khfi chuyin dfii dupc nghl nghiip do chit lupng lao dOng nflng thfin cdn thip, khfing dip flng dupc nhu eiu tuyin dung cia cae doanh nghifip. Tfl dfi, khifin euOc sfi'ng ngud dan vung nfing thfin gap nhilu khd khan ban, din dl'n tinh ttang r d qui Iin eic thanh phfi tim vile Iam ngiy mfit nhilu.
Thd ba, cic ngufin Iuc di phit triin kinh tfi - xi bfii ban che. 6 Thfla Thiln - Hufi, binh quail dit nfing nghiip ttfin diu ngudi chi 564 m^ va diln tich dit hoang
• TrJfing Dql hpc Kinh tg Hufi
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KINH NGHI$M THI/C T | £ N
hoi, bac miu, cin cdi do su tin phi cua chifin tranh vi thiln tai ngiy cing nhilu, v! vay, nang suit lao dfing trong nfing nghiip cua Thfla Thiln - Hufi thip hon cic tinh khic d ving dfing bang sfing Hfing vi dfing bang sfing Cuu Long. Ngoii ra, iao dOng d nfing thdn Thia Thiln - Hufi rit thifiu vfi'n dl lfi chic san xuit. Hifin nay, ngufin vfin vay t i Ngan hing Chinh sich, HOi Liln hiep Phu ni, HOi Nfing din cfi ban. Vi vSy, ngudi Iao dfing phii vay vfin cua tfl nhan vdi lai suit cao, ttong khi dfi, diu tu vao ndng nghiip thudng gap rui ro cao vi cfi thi bj thua id, mit vile lim.
ThU tu, Thfla Thiln - Hufi li ving dit rit khic nghiet, thd tiet thit thudng, khfi han vi lu lut thudng xuyfin xay ra. Theo Bfi Nfing nghiep vi Phit ttiin nfing thfin, miin Trung la khu vuc chju tic dOng nhilu nha't cua bao, lu lam thilt hai bang chuc nghin hfic ta hoa miu, kfit ciu ha ting nfing thfin bj tan pha ngliilm trpng. Do dfi, cic doanh nghiep ttong va ngoii nude khfing mufi'n diu tu vao miin Trung.
Thd ndm, tim Iy mufin thoat ly khdi nghl nfing cung aiih hudng dl'n LDDC.
Hon nfla, qui ttinh cfing ngliilp hoi, dd thi boa keo theo su phit triin cua cic Ichu efing nghiip, cum cfing nghiip, ttd thinh luc hit maiih me lao dOng t i ndng thfin dfin cic thanh phfi Idn di muu sinh.
2. Thtrc trang LDDC o Thua Thien • Hue Ve so lugng LDDC, ttong nhihig nam qua, cic tinh miin Trung, ttong dfi cfi
"Thfla Thifin - Hufi dang dflng trudc vin dl bing nfi LDDC, nhit la di cu tu do. Khao sit trong 3 nam (2004, 2005, 2006) b ba tinh thl Tlln Giang chi cd 17% gia dinh ngud thin di cu, Yin Bai 30%, rilng Thia Thiln - Hufi cfi dfin 42%. Theo sfi Iilu dilu tta cung lao dfing cua Sd Lao dfing - Thuang binh vi Xa hOi tinh Thfla Thiln - Hue', nim 2010, cfi 55.961 dang di lam in d cic dja phuong, ttong do ed 55.355 ngud d do tuOi lao dfing (nam: 33.137
ngudi, nfl: 22.218 ngudi). Sfi LDDC phin Ic)n xuit phit tfl khu vuc nfing thdn (nfing thdn: 47349 ngudi, thinh thj: 8.612 ngudi), tip trung d cic huyfin Phong Diln (10.511 ngudi). Phi Vang (11.565 nguM), Phi LOc (13.568 ngudi), Quang Diin (6.337 ngudi).
VI dia bdn LDDC din, thfing thudng, ngudi lao dfing se di cu dl'n nhiing nd ci dilu kiln thuin ldi, sfle hip din vi thu hiit cao hon so vdi noi hp da ting sfing nhu:
tim duc^ vile lim fin djnh, thu nhip cao hon, cd cd hOi di cfing hiln vi thang tilo hoae cd sd ha ting, djch vu, an ninh tfiL Phin Ifin LDDC d Thfla Thifin - Hufi vio TR Hfi Chi Minh, bdi diy ii thinh phi nang dfing, cd tfic dO phit triin kinh tl nhanh, li trung tim cfing nghiip cia ca nudc vi ii n d cfi nhilu cd hOi di ngud lao dfing tun kie'm vile lim cd thu nhip cao.
TP. Hfi Chi Minh li dja phudng din diuca nudc vl thu nhip binh quin diu ngudi, nam 2010 la 2.800USD/ngud/nam, ttong khi dd, Thfla Thiln - Hufi Ii 1.300USW ngud/nam. Do dd, TP. Hfi Chi Mmh icl thinh luc hit hip din dfi'i v d LDDC tir nhilu dja phuong chfl khfing rilng gi Thia Thiln - Hufi. Ngoii ra, trong sfi nhing ngud di cu dfin noi khic, cd 4.075 LDDC ra nudc ngoii vd hai hinh thic: di cuco ti chfle thfing qua kinh xuit khiu Iao dfing (2.101 ngud) v i d i c u t u do (1.974 ngudi) vi da sfi LDDC lua chon n d dfin li Hin Qufie: 247 ngudi, Ma-lai-xi-a: 246 nguM, Dii Loan: 33 ngud, cdn lai chu yfiu di cU tu do vi bit hop phip sang Lao. Bd le, Lio va Vilt Nam li hai din tOc cfi mfii quan bfi hiu nghj, thin thifit, cfi sU giflp di lan nhau ttong khing chifin chfing thuc din Phip, dfi qufi'c My v i trong thd kJ dfii mdi. Hon nOa, Vilt Nam va Lao ci chung dudng bifin gicSi dai 2.067 km vi Thia Thifin - Hufi 14 mOt trong nhing tinh tifip giip vdi Lio nfin vific di lai, Iam thu tuc qua bifin gidi kha thuin M
62 TAP CHi QUAN li NHA NUdc - S6 201 (10/2012)
KINH NGHIgM THI/C TlJN (di theo tuyfin dudng bO mi't khoang 6 - 7
gid dfing hfi va chi cin hO chifiu phfi thfing hoac giiy thfing hanh), bufln ban dupc thuc Men thflng qua cia khiu Lao Bao (Quang Trj).
Ve trinh do hge vdn. trinh do chuyin mdn ky thudt cua LDDC, theo sfi lifiu dilu tta cung lao dOng nam 2010 eua Thia Thien - Hufi cho tha'y, LDDC tfi't nghifip tieu hpc: 22.847 ngudi, trung hpe cd sd:
17.64'7 ngud, phfi thdng trung hpc: 11.164 ngud, trung cip: 2.066 ngfldi, cao dang:
795 ngud, dai hpc: 3.332 ngudi, tttn dai hpc: 80 ngud, chua qua dao tao: 11.981 ngud, cfing nhan ky thuat co ban: 20.618 ngud. Nhin chung, phin Idn ngud LDDC ed ttinh dfi hpc viii vi ttinh dfi chuyfin mfin ky thuat tha'p, day chfnh la rio can dfi'i v d hp khi tim kifim co bfii vile lam d noi dfin. "Tuy nhiin, trong sfi do co mflt bfi phan lao dOng la cfing nhin ky thuat, cao dang, dai hoc vi ttln dai hoc nln su di cu nay se gay ra fmh ttang thifiu hut ngufin nhan lue ehit Iupng eao d n d di.
Veviec ldm vd thu nhdp eda LDDC, Iao dOng d 'Thfla Thien - Hufi di cu dl'n cic dja pliuong khie chu yfiu lim viec ttong khu vuc kinh te tu nhin (51.940 ngud), con khu vuc nha nudc chi co (2.853 ngudi).
Nhiing nghl nghifip ma ngudi LDDC tim kiem dupc rit da dang tfl cfing ehflc nha nflde eho den cfing nhan, bufin bin, thp may, xiy dung, co khi, sia chia dien ti...
Trong dfi, LDDC vao cic tinh phia Nam nhu: TR Ho Cbi Minh, Binh Ducmg, Dong Nai thudng lam giay da, may, dien t i va mpt sfi lao dOng cfi mang theo gia dinh thi lam nghl hoac budn ban nhd. d cae tinh phfa Bic (Ha NOi, Vinh Phic, Lang Son, Cao Bang), LDDC thudng lam xiy dung, CO khi, mOc; sfi LDDC sang Lao Iam cic djch vu cham sfic sic dep, bufin ban nhd, xiy dung, mOc. V d nhttng loai binh nghl n ^ f i p ttln vi tuy vao ttinh dO tay nglifi ma mflc thu nhip cua ngud lao dOng khic
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nhau. Dfi'i vdi lao dfing cfi tay nghl, mflc thu nhip khoang 3 - 4 trilu dfing/ngudi/
thing, edn dfii vdi lao dOng cd tay nghl thip, thu nhap khoang 2 ttifiu dfing/ngudi/
thing.
Cin phai khing djnh ring, LDDC d Thfla Thiln - Hufi da cd nhttng anh hudng ifim, thic diy chuyin dich ed eiu kinh tfi theo hudng cfing nghiip hoi, biln dai hoi;
thue diy chuyin djch eo eiu lao ddng dl hinh thinh co ciu lao dfing kbi da dang va thtrc biln phin cfing lao dflng trong nufic vi qufie tfi; gdp phin bfi sung cho nhttng dja phuong thifiu hut ngufin lao dfing, t i dfi, giip can bing cung ciu lao dOng, giip nln kinh tfi phit ttiin fin djnh; giii quye't eic vin dl xa hOi bfle xie, dae biet la, giai quyfit vile lim cho mfit bfi phan lao dfing du thfla d ndng thfin va xoi dfii giam ngheo, tang thu nhip, cai thien ddi sfi'ng cho ngudi lao dfing... "Tuy nhifin, lien canh nhttng ipi ich ma LDDC mang lai cho xa bfii, ban thin hp lai dang phai dfii mat vfii hing loat vin de ve cfing vile va cufic sfi'ng: thie'u thfing tin ve phap luit di ky ke't hpp dong Iao dfing din de'n ed nhilu nguy ca bj Ijfic lot sfle lao dOng, dl bi roi vao tinh trang tuyen dung ttai phep hoac tham chf lao dOng vdi nhttng cdng vile nim ngoii su bao ve cua phip luat, dfi'i mat vdi mflc sfi'ng thip va bj ban ehe tie'p ciii vd cic djch vu giio due, y te, nha d...
tai dfl thj.
3. Gial phap quan ly LDDC d Thfla Thien - Hue
Dud tic dfing cua eflng nghiip boa, dfl thj hoi va xu liufing bfli nhap kinh tfi qufie tfi, ttong nhttng nam tfii, LDDC d Thfla Thiln - Hufi se gia tang, nhit ia LDDC tu do. Do dd, Nha nudc, chfnh quyen dja phudng n d LDDC di va dl'n cin cfi nhing giai phip phi hpp, cu thi:
Mdt Id, tinh cin ehi ttpng phit ttiin kinh tfi bang eich tap ttung phat ttiin cic nganh cfing nghifip mui nhpn, cac nganh 63
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cfing nghiep bfi trp, khu cfing nghifip, khu kinh tfi tip trung, cum tiiu cfing nghiep, cic nginii nghl, ling nghl ttuyin thfing, kinh tfihO gia dinh,... tao su lien kfit kinh tfi giiia khu cfing nghiip vdi nfing thfin, gifla sin xuit cdng nghiip vdi nfing nghiip vi djeh vu... nhim tao ra nhilu vile lim mang lai ngufin thu nhip fin dinh cho ngudi dan, tfl dfi, ban chfi ddng LDDC dfin cic dja phuong khie.
Hai Id, tinh phai thdng qua Sd Lao dfing, Thuong binh vi Xa hOi, Phdng Lao dOng, Thuang binh vi Xa hOi, cic tfi chic chi'nh trj - xa hOi eung cip, hfi tra thdng tin miin phi dl'n ci'p xa eho LDDC, die bill li, thfing tin vl vile lim vi thi trudiig iao dfing (thfing tin vl n d dfin, cd hOi vile lim, thu tuc dang ky, hop dfing lao dOng, Icha nang tifip can cac djch vu xa hOi vi hd trp xa hoi...) di ngudi lao dOng cd cic quye't dinh ding din ban trudc ichi di, trinh dupc nhing rui ro do thifiu thflng tin hay thfing tin sai Ifich.
Ba la, chinh quyin dja phudng ndi LDDC dfin cin co biln phip biiu hieu vi phi hpp hon ttong vile dip flng nhu ciu nha d va cie djch vu nhu giio due, y tfi...
cho ngud lao dOng nhap cu, khdng di ho roi vao tinh ttang thue nha khfing du dilu kien sfi'ng tfi'i thiiu, s i dung cic djch vu qui thip. Dfing thd, cic doanh nghiip tuyin dung lao dfing cin ip dung vi dip flng ding, diy du cic quy djnh cua phip luat vl s i dung lao dfing nhu: phai kf hpp dfing lao dpng, phai dam bao an toan lao dflng, tham gia ddng diy du bao hiim y tfi, bao hiim xa hfii, bao iiilm thit nghiip...
cho ngudi lao dOng di cu. Ngoii ra, cic doanh nghiep cin tao mpi dilu kiln cho cac tfi chic doan thi trong doanh nghiip boat dfing va lanh dao doanh nghifip phai thudng xuyin tham gia dfii thoai vdi ngudi lao dOng di giai quyfit cic khic mie, kifin nghj cua ho.
Bd'n Id, Nha nudc cin cai tifin chfnh
sich ho khiu Iinh boat hon vi khfing gay philn hi, nhflng nhilu dfi'i vdi ngud dan.
Cin phii xem LDDC l i hifin tut/ng tu nhifin trong nln kinh tfi thj tnrdng vi khfing nfin phu nhan vai trd cua nhOog ngudi lao dfing nhap cu dfii v d su phit ttiin kinh tfi - xa hOi cua ndi dfin. VI viy, khfing thi coi hp Ii cfing din dfi thj loai U, khfing nfin sfl dung hO khiu nhu mOt cfing cu nhim phin bilt LDDC vdi lao dOng dja phuong, lim cin trd su tifip cin cua hp dii vdi cic djch vu xa hOi co ban.
Ndm Id, linh cin thudng xuyfin ti chlic vi tang cudng dio tao, tii dio tao nhim ning cao trinh dO cho ngudi Iao dOng, dac bilt Ii dfii vdi LDDC. Bin canh dfi, cin bfii dudng luyln truyin kifin thic vl ky nang sd'ng cho ngudi LDDC b d hp xuit than t i nfing dan nln khfing chi thieu chuyin mfin mi cdn thifiu ca Icifin thic xa hfii, kha nang giao tie'p cOng dfing. Do do, dfii v d LDDC thl cfing tie dao tao nghl khfing thfii chua du m i ein dua ca ky nang sfi'ng vio chucmg trinh giang day, giip hp cfi dupe tic phong Iam vific nghifim tic, luan thi ky luat Iao dOng va cfi tinh tliln cOng dfing khi Iam vile vi sfi'ng d bit cii mfii tnrdng nao.
Sdu la, tinh cin lip mfit bO phin chuyin ttich trong Sd Lao dOng, Thuong binh va Xa hOi, Phdng Lao dfing, Thuong binh va Xa hOi, Uy ban nhan din cac xa, phudng, cic trung tim tu viii gid thilu viec lam cd chfle nang theo ddi, trp giup phip ly, quan \f LDDC tai ca n d di vi nOi dfinQ
Tai lieu tham khao:
1. T& Le Thi Kim Lan. Lao dong di cudndilg, thdn mien Trung Viit Nam thcfi k^ cdng ngK^
hod, hien dqi hod, NXB Dai hoc Hu(f, 2011.
2. Sd Lao dfing, Thuong binh va Xa h6i ThiH' Thien - HuS (2011). Sd lieu dieu tra cung lao ddng ndm 2010.
3. Bdo cio k^t qua dilu tra hfl nghlo va cdn nghlo giai doan 2011 - 2015 cua UBND tinli Thia Thien - Huif (2010).
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