( So 04 (129)-2014 )
VAN DE HOM NAY
Quan trf nhan luc tai Cong ty Mua ban dien, Tap doan Dien lyc Viet Nam
Hifn nay, thyc trgng cua vifc nhimg nhan vien cd ndng lyc vd trinh dp cao giua cde doanh nghifp tai Viet Nam ngay cdng gia tdng. Tat cd nhirng nhd quan ly, nhiing chu doanh nghifp diu nhan ra nhung thach thiic xudt phdt tu sy ra di cua thanh vien then chdt se anh budng nghiem trgng den sy dn dinh vd doi mdi phdt trien cua td chuc. Chinh vi thd, ngodi vifc ddu tu tun kilm ngudn nhan lyc cd chat lugng cao thi vifc lim hieu each thuc de gid chdn nhirng rdidn vien ed nang lyc, bgn chi chdy mdu chat xam dang Id vdn de sdng cdn cua doanh nghiep. Nhu vdy, van de dgt ra la cac doanh nghifp cdn phdi nhgn dang vd danh gid diing edc nhdn td anh hudng den sy gan ket cua nhan vien vdi td chdc nham xac dinh hudng di phli hgp trong edng tac quan tri ngudn nhan lyc. Cdng ly Mua ban difn cung khdng phai la mpt ngoai le, vdi su mfnh Id don vj mua budn duy nhdt tren thi trudng, ngudn nhdn lyc cd trinh dp cao va gan ket chat che vdi td chuc la mgt trong nhiing yeu td quyet dinh sy thanh cdng eua doanh nghiep.
Xudt phat tu thyc t l dd, dgc bift trong bdi cdnh bugc phdi ddi mdi de nang cao hifu qud vd ndng lyc cgnh tranh eua doanh nghiep, nghien ciiu ndy nham xde dinh nhung nhdn td tac dpng din su gdn ket cua ngudi Iao
* Tgp dodn Bifn lire Vift Nam
dpng tai Cdng ty Mua ban difn va muc dp tac dpng eua cde nhdn td nay den sy gdn ket cua ngudi lao ddng. Ddng thdi, d l xudt mgt sd budng gidi pbqj phu hgp vdi thyc trang gdp phdn phat tridn cdng ty ngay cang vdng mgnh.
Cff sd ly thuylt Phucmg plidp nghien cuu
& md hinh nghien ciru Nghien cihi nay sd dung phuong phdp dinh tinh vd ditdi lugng dd phan tich. Trong dd, phdn tich djnh tinh dugc thyc bifn tren co sd cac ly thuyet ve sy cam ket, sy gdn bd de tien hdnh xdy dyng cac nhdn td dnh hudng din su cam ket lau dai eua ngudi lao ddng vdi doanh nghifp. Phuong phap dinh lugng dugc thyc hifn thdng qua dieu tra khao sdt bdng bang hdi va ap dyng cac md hinh hdi quy tuong quan kinh tl lugng d l ddnh gid tdc dpng ciia cac nhdn td din sy gdn ket lau dai cua ngudi lao dOng ddi vdi Cdng ty.
Thyc te, de dam bdo khdch quan va phyc vy cho nghien ciiu, dieu tra dugc thyc bifn trye tilp bdng phieu khao sdt vdi tdng sd mdu Id 152 (phdt ra 160 philu, tuong duong toan bg nhdn vien tai Cdng ty Mua ban difn, thu ve 152 phieu hgp If).
Todn bg dd lifu nghien cuu se dugc xu ly bdi phan mem SPSS l6vaMS.Excel20lO.
Nguyen Thanh Tung * Tren co sd mye tieu va cae ly thuyet lien quan, md hinh nghien cuu dugc thi hifn bao gdm 06 bien ddc lap lien quan den cdng viec, bao gdm: (1) Bdn chdt cdng vife. (2) Quan hf cdng vifc, (3) Chinh sdch phdt triin vd phiic lai, (4) Tien luang, (5) Ddnh gid thuc hifn cong vifc, (6) Dieu kifn ldm vifc vd 3 bien phy thudc gdm: Gdn kit vi linh edm, Gdn kit di duy tri, Gdn kit vi dgo due.
Tu dd, de xuat cac gia thuyet nghien ciiu nhu sau: Cde nhdm gid thuylt td HI den H3 trong Bang 1 dua ra ky vgng edc bien dde lap vd biln phy thuge cd mdi lien hf tuyln tuih vd thugn chieu vdi nhau. Nghien cdu ky vgng rdng sy tang len ve muc dg ddnh gia cde bien ddc lap (tdng diem ddnh gia cac biln Uong thang do Likert) sS ldm tang Idia ndng gdn ket ldm vifc cua ngudi lao dgng tai don vi dang edng tac.
Cudi cung, de do ludng cac khai nifm, nghien ciiu xay dyng bdng cau hdi sir dung thang do Likert 5 muc dp: 1: rdt khdng ddng y, 2: khdng ddng y, 3: tgm ddng y, 4: ddng y, 5: hodn todn ddng y.
Ket qud nghien ciiru vd phdn tich thtfc trgng s^frgdn ket cUa ngu&i lao dgng tgi Cdng ty mua bdn difn
Nhdm lam rd thyc trgng sy gdn ket eiia ngudi lao dgng
Tap chi nghien cufu Tai chinh k^ toan ^-
VAN DE HOM NAY ( Sd'04 (129)-2014^
dang d muc dp ndo, ldm co sd de lanh dao Cdng ty quyet dinh nen chu trpng den nhdn td tac ddng ndo vd dau tu giai quyet d mdc dp nao Id phd hop vdi ngudn lyc va muc lieu hifn cd cua Cdng ty, sau Idii khdo sdt trye tilp ngudi lao dgng thdng qua phieu khdo sdt, tien hanh tap hgp phieu khdo sdt, xem xet vd logi bd nhihig phieu nhdn ve khdng dgt yeu edu, lien hanh ma hda du lifu, nhdp lifu va lam sgch du lieu bdng phan mIm SPSS 16.0. Nghidn cim trdi qua qua trinh phdn tich sd lifu thdng qua Cronbach's alpha de kiem dinh thang do;
phdn tich nhan td EPA; cudi cung, phan tich hdi quy dugc thuc hifn vdi 6 bien ddc lap de xac dinh mdc dp tac dgng cita timg nhan td dgc lap tdi thanh phdn cua sy gan ket. Phugng trinh hdi quy nhu sau:
Vi Po + Ph QHCV+ P2i PTPL+ p3i TLLD+ p4, DGCV+
pg, BCCV+ pgj DKLV Trong dd: Y^ la gia tri cua bien phy thudc Id sy gdn kit (vi tinh cam, de duy tri, vi dgo diic) cua ngudi lao ddng EPTC;
D I xde dinh cac nhdn td chinh tdc ddng tdi sy gan kit ciia ngudi lao dgng, nghien cdu xet mdc y nghia Sig. lam ca sd ik kiem djnh gid thuylt sau;
HorCdepi = 0 (Cd it nhdt 1 nhdn td khdng cd tdc ddng den su gdn kit ciia nguai lao dgng EPTC)
Hi'.; Cde pi # 0 (Co it nhal 1 nhdn Id cd tde dong den su gdn kit cua nguai lao dgng EPTC)
N I U Sig. <5% thi bac bd HQ, chap nhdn Hi' va ngugc lgi.
Bang 1: Bang gia thuyet BicD phy ttiu$c
GSn ket vl tinh c ^
can kit d£ duy tri
G&n kit vi dfo due Nh6ra
giii thuylt
HI
H2
H3
Ph^t bilu Timg nhan to dpc l^p tuong iing c6 ii^ huong tich cue din din s\i gin k6t vl tinh cim ciia ngu£n lao dgng vdi to chiic
Timg nhan td d$c l|p tuong iing c6 anh huong tich ci^c den din su gdn ket A& duy tri cua opsin lao dgng voi to chirc
Timg nhan t6 d^c l|ip tuong img c6
&nh huong tich c\fc din din s^ g9n kit v) d ^ dire ciia ngu£ri lao d^ng v6i t l chitc
vpng
(+)
(+)
(+)
(Ngudn: Tdc gid tong hgp) chuc nhu gia thuylt d Bdng I.
Trong dd, edc trgng sd Uong phuong trinh the hien tdm quan Bang 2: Bang tong hgp cde kit qua kilm djnh gia thuylt Ket qua kiem dinh cho cde
gia tri nhu sau:
Man Id
Hang so Quanh^congvi^c ChirA sdch phat trien vapkuc lgi Tm luang
Danit gid thuc hifn cong vi^
Ban cliat cong vif c Dieu Id^n lam viic
Ginkh nfyiltcm Uix y nghia
Sig
.000 .064 .001 .000 .000 .234
H^ so Beta chua cbulnhoa
-0.342 .144
.071 .180 .524
Ginliel Stdw/tfi Miic y nghla
Sig.
.000 .000 .236 .813 .265 ,436
H^ s6 Bela chua chuan hoa
-0.267 .189 .493
Ein kit
Mirc y nghla
Sig
.032 .173 .846 .173 .369 .000
H^ so Beta chua chukhoa
2.072 .093
.304 (Ngudn: Kit qud diiu tra ndm 2013)
TiJt ket qud tren, ta cd phuang trinh hdi quy nhu sau:
trpng hay m u c dg dnh hudng cua timg nhdn td ddi vdi sy gdn kit cua ngudi lao ddng vdi cdng ly [ CKTC =-flJ42 + 0.524*BCCV + 0.180 *DGCV + 0.144 *QHCV + 0.071*TLLD t GKDT = ^).267 + 0.493*PTPL +0.189 *QHCV
; GKDD = 2.072+ 0J«4*DKLV + 0.O93*QHCV
Cd t h i thdy, ca 6 nhan td d i u Y^„, „/,: .j,~u vhi^ „ - • , ,, . . ,•" ^ J , hay not cach khac, neu cac trone CO mo d,„g ducmg den SV ga^ ^ ^ , ^ , j ^ ^^ "^f ket cua ngu-oi lao dong do. vd. to ^^ „ ^ , j ^ ^ , j ^ „ g ^ ^^^^
6p Tap chi nghien cUu Tai chinh lc£ toan
(^ S^ 04 (129)-2014 )
VAN DE HOM NAY ket cdng Idn vd ngugc lai.
Tu dd, cd thi ket ludn: 4 nhan td tdc dpng mgnh nhdt tdi cae thanh phan cua sy gdn kit, ldn lugt bao gdm: nhdn td Quan he edng viec (tac ddng tdi cd 3 thanh phan cua sy gdn kit), Chinh sdch phdt triin vd phue /<TI (tac ddng mgnh nhat tdi sy gdn kit d l duy tri), Bdn chdt cdng viec (tac dpng manh nhat tdi sy gdn kit vi tinh cam) va Diiu kifn ldm vifc (tde dpng mgnh nhdt tdi sy gdn kit vi dao due).
Ben cgnh dd, nghien cuu tiep tyc xem xet gid tri trung binh cua ba thanh phdn cua sy gdn kdt cua ngudi lao ddng vdi Cdng ly de xde dinh mye dich, cy thd Id hinh thai gdn kit cua ngudi lao dgng ldm co sd xay dyng edc gidi phdp phu hgp.
Ket qud thdng ke tu khao sat bdng bdng hdi nhan vien, cho thdy 3 thanh phdn sy gdn ket vdi td chdc cua ngudi lao dpng tgi Cdng ty Mua ban dien ed gia trj trung binh nhu sau: muc dp gan ket vi tinh cdm la 3.03, muc dp gan ket dl duy tri Id 3.87 vd mdc do gan kit vi dgo diic la 2.61.
Diiu ndy cd nghia Id ngu&i lao ddng gdn kit v&i doanh nghiip la de duy tri, sau do Id vi tinh cdm vd cudi citng Id vi dgo due.
Nhu vdy, tir nhimg ket qud tren da chi ra van de Quan hf cdng vifc d Cdng ty (the hi?n nang luc, tdm nhin vd khd ndng dieu hdnh tdt cua lanh dgo ciing nhu sy tdn trgng, tin cdy, coi trgng lai nang, su ddng gdp ciia ngudi lao dgng, ddi xu cdng bdng, khdng phan bidt cung nhu hd trg nhdn vien khi can thiet; va sy phdi hgp ldm vi$c ciing nhu su thoai mdi, d l ehiu cua ddng
Bang 3: Gid t r | trung binh ciia ba thanh phan cua sy gdn kit cua ngudi lao d^ng vdi Cong ty Mua ban difn
CictbitDb pban edn ket
Gan ket vi Anh cdm
Gdn kit de duy tri
Gdn ket vi d^oduc
Quan s i t
Ve mot so j^niung di$n, anh (chj) coi Cong ty nhu m ^ nha Ihu:
faaicuanuiih
Anh (chj) tv hao vi dinpc 1am v i ^ Inng C ^ ^ Anh (ch)} vui munfi vi d3 chpn C m g ty dfi lam vi?c Cong ly CO y nghla rat quan t r ^ s d6i voi anh (chj) Anh (chi) hfc sf cam thiy cac van d^ kho khin a i a C&ig ty cuoK ia cac van de ciia anh (chj)
0 1 ^ vdi Cong tv bSy gia la cin thifit d5i vdi anh (chj) MSc dil muon nhung anh (dii) cam thay rdi Cong ty luc nay la kho k h ^ dio anh (chi)
Nai anh (dii) rdi Cong ty vao luc nay, anh (chj) s6 khong cd nhieu si; lya c h ^ khac.
Cugc s6ng ciia anh (chi) sS hi anh hudng rat nhiSu neu anh (chi) rdi boC&ig ty vao liic nay
M ^ dli cd cdng vi|c tdt hon ct noi khac, anh (chj) cam thiy vi^c rdi khdi Cdng ty la khong nen.
Cdng ty xiing dang vdi sv gin bd cuaanh (ch{) Cong ty d3 n^ng lai cho anh (chj) nhieu diii, anh (chj) cam diiy anh (chj) "mic ni^' vdi Cong ty qua nWSu Anh (dn) khong lh£ rdi Cdng ty vao liic nay vi cam nh|n trich nhi^m cua anh (chj) vdi m^i ngudi Hong Cdng ty
Trung binh
3.03
3Ji7
2.61
nghi?p trong viec gidi quyet cac khd khan Uong cdng viec) la van de quan trgng nhat, can phai Augc quan lam eai thidn hdng ddu, neu khdng se dnh hudng khdng nhd tdi sy gan kit eua nhan vien.
Tilp do, vdn de Chinh sdch phdt triin vdphuc lgi (thi hien nhiing co hgi ddo tgo, thdng tien, phat trien khi lam vide d Cdng ty va sy quan tam chu dao va day du cua doanh nghiep den ddi sdng ciia ngudi lao dpng) Id vdn de cae cap quan ly can quan tam vd cd gidi phdp kip thdi nham gia tdng lgi ich cho ngudi lao dpng, tu dd, tang cudng sy gdn ket cua nhan vidn.
Vdn de Bdn chat cdng vifc (the hi?n sy thach thue, su thu vi cua cdng viec va co hpi de su dyng nang lyc cd nhdn), cd the
(Ngudn: Kit qud diiu tra ndm 2013) dugc thyc hi?n song song hodc sau khi giai quyet tridt de Chinh sdch phdt trien vd phue lgi de idch thich long ydu thieh cdng viec, khien eho ngudi lao dpng tam huyet vd gdn bd hon vdi cdng viec ciia minh.
Cudi cung, van de Bleu kifn ldm vifc (the hien van de an toan, ve sinh, cung cdp ddy du thiet bi, cdng cy dyng cy va thdi gian lam viec hgp ly) Id mgt nhdn td quan trpng giup ngudi lao ddng cdm thay hai long va hung thu hon trong qua trinh ldm vi?c, gdp phan tdng cudng sy gdn ket cua ngudi lao dgng.
Mgt so ggi y chinh sdch nhdm tdng cu&ng sir gdn ket cda ngu&i lao dgng tgi Cdng ty Mua bdn difn
Can cu dinh hudng phdt trien, yeu cau ddi mdi cCia Ihyc
Tap»ghi nghien cufu Tai chinh ke toan
VAN OE HOM NAY ( So04(129)-20l4j) lien vd nhiing kel qua phdn tich
neu tren, cac de xudt tap trung vao 4 nhdn td tac ddng mgnh nhat tdi cac thdnh phdn cua sy gan ket nhdm tdng cudng khd ndng gan ket cua ngudi lao ddng vdi td chuc dac biet Id trong dieu kien gidi ban vl ngudn lyc ciia Cdng ty.
Thic nhdt Id tdng cuang sir gdn kit eiia ngicai lao ddng trin ea sa tdc ddng tai nhdn td Quan hi cong viec: ddi xu cdng bdng vdi ngudi lao ddng thdng qua viec danh gia nang lyc ngudi lao ddng, khen thudng vd trd luong mpt each tuong xung, tgo didu kien cho hg hoan thanh nhiem vu vdi bieu qud cao. Tuy nhien viec danh gia nang lyc ngudi lao ddng la mdt viec ldm khd nhay cdm vi ket lugn cua viec ddnh gid se anh hudng den quyen lgi cua ngudi lao ddng trong viec xet tang luong, thudng vd co hpi dugc dao tgo thang tien, do vay trong qud trinh danh gid cac nha Idnh dao phdi cd cdch thuc danh gia phu hgp de cd the nhin nhdn dung nang lyc cua ngudi lao ddng vi neu danh gia khdng chinh xac, ngudi lao ddng se bdt man va nguy co thay ddi ehd iam la tat yeu xay ra. Hon nua, Cdng ty phai xay dyng mdt mdi trudng ldm viec tdt, mpi ngudi ludn cd sy quan tam chia se, giiip dd nhau cung hudng din muc tieu ehung cua Id chuc. Ben canh do, cdn quan tam nhilu hon den giao tiep npi bd bdi le giao tiep ndi bd giiip cho doanh nghiep hgn che nhiing xung dgt xay ra trong td chuc va gdp phdn gia tdng tinh than ddng dpi.
Cdng ty can xdy dyng mgt vdn hda trao ddi, tgo ^\xac sy ket ndi giiia ngudi lao ddng trong cdng
ty ciing nhu giiia ngudi Iao ddng vd Idnh dao Uong cdng ty.
Thir hai Id tdng cuang sir gdn kit cua nguai lao ddng tren ca sa nhdn td Chinh sdch phdt triin vd phue lgi: Cdng ty phdi trien khai ddo tao ngudi lao ddng nhiing kien thuc co ban vd ky ndng mem de ngudi lao ^gng cam thdy ty tin hon trong cdng viec, tang long ty hao cung nhu cdm thdy minh dugc quan tam tin tudng. Tu dd, tang khd nang yeu thich cdng viec vd sy gdn bd cua ngudi lao ddng ddi vdi td chdc. Ben canh dd, cac tieu chudn thdng tien phai dugc cdng bd rd rang, cy the, cdng khai de ngudi lao dgng phdn ddu. Tieu chudn nay nen cy the hda d timg bp phan theo each tich liiy diem hodc xep hgng theo lieu chuan.
Ddng thdi, thyc hien edc chuong Irinh phue lgi da dgng, phong phu va nhieu boat dgng khdc gan lien vdi eugc sdng hdng ngdy cua ngudi lao dgng nham dem den cho ngudi lao ddng nhiing lgi ich tdt nhdt.
Thu ba id tdng eudng slogan kit cita nguai lao ddng trin ca sa nhdn td Bdn chdt cdng viic:
Lanh dao cac don vi can quan tam ddn cac vdn de cdng viec cd cho phep ngudi lao dpng su dyng tdt ndng lyc ed nhan hay khdng, cdng vi^c cd nhieu thu thach khdng, cdng vi^c ed hdp dan khdng, viec phan bd cdng vi?c, trach nhidm vd quyln hgn cho ngudi lao ddng cd hgp ly khdng. Tu dd, xay dung cde mye lieu cdng vi?c phu hgp de ngudi lao dpng CO djnh hudng ldm vide tdt hon. Ngodi ra, cdn mgnh dan hoan ddi vi tri cdng vi?c khi nhdn thdy ngudi lao ddng khdng
cdn phu hgp vdi vi tri cdng viec dang Idm, nlu ngudi Iao dgng co yeu cdu xin duge thay ddi vi tri eho phu hgp vdi nang lue ca nhdn, Idnh dgo ciing cdn xem xet gidi quylt d l mang Igi hieu qud ldm viec cao.
Cudi cimg. Id tdng cuang su gdn kit cua ngu&i lao ddng trin ca sa nhdn td Diiu kifn ldm viic thdng qua eung cap cho ngudi lao dgng dieu kidn ldm viec an toan, sgch se vdi day du trang thilt bj, cdng cy dyng cu phue vu edng vide.
Ngoai ra, cdng ty can cd cae bien phap dam bao an ninh, an loan cho ngudi lao ddng trong sudt qua trinh cdng tdc cung nhu ciing cd niem tin cua ngudi lao dpng ddi vdi vdn dh nay.
Tai lif u tham khao Allen N.J and Meyer J.P (1991), A three component con- ceptualization commitment of organizational. Human Re- sources Management, Review.
David Weiss and Vince Moli- naro, (2011), Driving Employee Engagement, The Banff Center
Society for Human Resource Management (2011), Job Satis- faction and Engagement Survey.
Vii Khdc Dal (2008), Cde yiu td dnh huang din ldng trung thdnh eua nhdn vien igi vdn phdng khu vuc miin Nam Viet- nam Airlines, Lugn vdn Thgc sf kinh te, Dgi hoc Kinh ti TP.HCM.
T a p chi nghien cufu Tai chinh ke t o a n