QUAN HE PHILIPPINES - TRUNG QUOC SAU BA NAM CAM QUYEN CUA TONG THONG R. DUTERTE
VO XUAN VINH
Tom tdt: Trdn ba ndm ki tU ngdy Tdng thdng Rodrigo R. Duterte lin cdm quyen (30/6/2016), quan hi Philippines-Trung Quoc dd cd nhUng thay ddi ddng ki so v&i giai dogn cdm quyin cua Tong thdng Benigno Aquino III. Hai nu&c quyit dinh thiit lap quan hi hgp tdc chiin lUgc todn diin. Quan hi thuang mgi, ddu tU Philippines-Trung Quoc da cd nhUng bU&c phdt triin mgnh me so v&i trU&c dd. Mdc du quan he hai nU&c cd phdn cdng thang khi Trung Qudc cho cdc logi tdu boo vdy ddo Thi TU cua Viet Nam md Philipines dang kiim sodt vd ldn ddu tien Tong thdng Philippines de cap phdn quyit cua Toa trpng tdi thUdng trUc (PCA) trong chuyen thdm cua ong tdi Trung Qudc vdo cudi thdng 4 /2019, quan hi giUa hai nU&c tiep tuc duac tdng cubing khi nhieu thda thudn hgp tdc giUa hai nU&c tiep tuc duac ky kit. Bdi viit ldm ro quan hi chinh tri vd kinh ti (thuang mgi vd ddu tU) giUa Philippines vd Trung Quoc trong ba ndm ddu tien cdm quyin cua Tong thd'ng R. Duterte (30/6/2016-30/6/2019), tU dd dUa ra mpt sd nhdn xet ve mdi quan he ndy.
Tit khoa: Quan he Philippines - Trung Qudc, Duterte, chinh tri, kinh ti, Biin Dong.
1. Q u a n h^ c h i n h tri se dtfa vao Trung Quoc va tach khoi anh
^ , ~ T.1--T • rrv. rv -- hudng cua My*^^ trong boi canh chinh Quan he Phihppines Tmng Quoc & J^ &
xuS'ng t6i mfe th^p ky luc k l tii d i u nam ^"^^^ ^ " ^ ^ ^ ^ ^*^^° ^""^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^*^^ ^' 2013 khi Philippines chinh thtlc dam d<m ^^^^^ ^^^c lap hom^'. Chinh sach xoay sang kien Trung Quo'c l§n Toa Trong tai thu5ng ^rung Qu6c tiep tuc dUOc Duterte theo du6i tnic (PCA) lien quan van de Bien Dong^". * ^ tai Di§n dan Bac Ngao (4/2018), ong Lcfi th&' \bn ma Philippines co difcJc X\i phan khang dinh rang ban than ong can Trung quyg't cua PCA tror ngn kem y nghia d8'i v6i Quoc hcfn bat cil ai khac'4)_ g^,j chuyen nifdc nay khi chi sau do ba thang, Tong thara Trung Quoc cua Tong thong R.
thong R. Duterte co chuyen tham Trung Duterte, quan he chinh tri giOfa Philippines Quoc (10/2016) vcfi k h a n g dinh Philippines va Trung Quoc dUOc cai thien dang ke ttf
* TS. Vo Xuan Vinh, Vien Nghien c\Ai Dong Nam A
Nghien cdu Dong Nam A, sd5/20]9^
goc do cac cuoc gap cap cao, so lifcmg cac thoa thu^n difcfc ky, siT ha nhiet dang ke trong quan he hai nifdc trong van de Bi^n Dong va dac biet quan he hai nif6c da dUOc n i n g c£i'p len tam hcfp tac chien lircfc.
Su" cai thien trong quan he chinh tri giufa hai nir6c dugc the hidn tnfdc he't ct cac cupc gap giCfa lanh dao hai nudc. Tinh tdi t h a n g 4/2019, Tong thong R. Duterte va Chu tich Tap Can Binh da eo 7 lan gap nhau. Chi sau ba nam cam quyen, Tong thong Duterte da co bS'n chuyen t h a m tdi Trung Qu6'c. Sau chuye'n tham chinh thifc vao thang 10/2016, Tong thong Duterte da CO them ba chuyen t h a m tdi n^n kinh t§' Idn thLf hai the gidi de tham diT Dien dan Vanh dai va Con dUdng (5/2017 va 4/2019) va D i l n dan Bac Ngao (4/2018). Ve phia Trung Quoc, Chii tich Tap Can Binh da c6 chuyen t h a m tdi Philippines vao thang 11/2018, chuyen t h a m n h a nUdc dau tien cua chu tich nUdc Trung Quoc tdi Philippines sau 13 nam (2005)^5'. Dac biet, trong Tuyen bo' chung dUdc ky ke't nam 2018, Philippines va Trung Quo'c da quyet dinh thiet l i p Quan he hop tac chien lUdc toan dien'^*.
Nhieu thda thuan giGa hai nUdc dUdc ky ket trong cac chuyen t h a m cua Tong thong Duterte tdi Trung Quo'c va cua Chu tich Tap Can Binh tdi Philippines, mot m a t gdp phan thuc d^y quan he giCa hai nifdc, mat khac la minh chufng cho moi quan he chinh tri dUdc cai thien dang ke giffa hai ben. Trong chuye'n t h a m cua Tong thd'ng Duterte tdi Trung Quoc (10/2016), hai midc da ky 13 thda thuan hdp tac tri gia 13,5 ti USD tren cac lmh vifc nhii kinh ii va cong nghe, dau tif, cd sd ha t i n g , nong nghiep, chong ma tuy, du lich, ngan hang*^*. Trong
chuye'n tham cua Chu tich T i p Can Binh tdi Philippines (11/2018), hai niTdc da ky tong cdng 29 thoa thuan htfp tac lien quan de'n Sang kie'n Vanh dai va Con dddng, van hoa, giao due, cong nghe, ndng nghi&p, xay diTng ccf sd ha tang, phat trien cac khu cong nghigp, hd tro n h a n dao, ngan hang, hoan doi tien te'^'. Chuye'n t h a m difcfc phia Philippines danh gia la r a t thanh cong ciia Tong thong Duterte tdi Trung Quo'c vao cudi thang 4/2019 tie'p tuc mang den 19 thda thuan diu tU song phifctng, tri gia 12,16 ti USD tren cac h n h vifc nhiT nang lifcfng, cac khu kinh te dac biet, khu cong nghigp, san bay, t h a n h phd thong minh, trung t a m tai chinh, ke't ndi intemet, nang lifcfng, ndng nghiep va dao tao ngifdi Phihppines dang sinh sdng d Trung Qud'e, cung gdi vien trd tri gia 1 ti n h a n dan te (7,7 ti peso) ma Trung Qudc danh cho Philippines*^^ Chi trong 3 n a m cam quyen cua Duterte, so thda thuan hop tac dat dtfdc trong cac ehuye'n tham cap cao giufa Philippines va Trung Qudc nhieu hcfn han sd thda thuSn dUcfc ky giUa hai ntfdc trong sudt 6 nam cam quydn cua Tong thd'ng Aquino III.
Cung trong 3 nam diu cam quyen cua Tong thd'ng Duterte, quan he Philippines- Trung Qudc trong van de phde tap nha't la Bidn Dong diTcfc cai thien dang ke. Tong thdng Duterte la ngifdi chu ddng trong viec giam cang thang vdi Trung Qudc dd'i vdi van de nay. TrUdc khi tdi Trung Qudc vao thang 10/2016, Duterte khang dinh khdng de van de bai can Scarborough trong chuyen tham<^°' va trgn thuc te, van de Scarborough ndi n e n g va cang thang d Bien Ddng ndi chtmg khdng dUcfc de cap trong chuyg'n t h a m nay. Sau dd khong lau,
Vo Xuan Vinh - Quan hi Philippines - Trung Quoc sau ba ndm cdm quyen..
Tong thdng Duterte khang dinh "dat phan quyg't cua PCA sang mot ben"*"* trong quan hd vdi Trung Qudc. Dong thai cua Duterte da dUdc phia Trung Qudc hoan nghenh va ke't qua la nhiJng thoa thuan hcfp tac trong khong gian bien gida hai nudc da difoc ky ke't. Trong so 13 thoa t h u a n ma Philippines va Trung Qudc ky k e t vao thfing 10/2016 cd Nghi dinh t h u giiJa life lUtfng bao ve bd b i i n cua heu nudc ve thig't lap Uy ban bao ve bd bien chung ve hcfp tac bien*^^'. Trong sd 29 thoa thu^n ma hai nudc dat duoc vao thang 11/2018 cd Nghi dinh thU ve hop tac phat trien d i u md va khi ddt'^^\ Dac biet, Tuygn bd chung Trung Qud'c-Philippines t h a n g 11/2018 k h a n g dinh hai ben thdng nhdt thao luan ve hop tac bien, bao gdm viec t h a m dd dau md va khi dd't t r e n biln'^^'. Bgn canh dd, sd vu va cham giiJa lUc lucfc thUc thi phap luat tren b i i n cua Philippines va Trung Qudc da giam dang ke, tiJ 2 vu n a m 2014, 4 vu n a m 2015 va 6 vu trong 6 thang dau n a m 2016 xudng cdn 0 vu 6 thang cudi n a m 2016 va chi 1 vu ca n a m 2017'^^\
Trong bdi canh Trung Qudc dieu hang t r a m tau, bao gdm cac tau hai quan, tau kiem ngU va tau danh ca bao vay dao Thi Tijf d l ngan chan Philippines tien h a n h cai tao dudng bang d hdn dao nay. T i n g thd'ng Duterte da len tig'ng yeu ciu Bac Kinh rut hd't cac tau, ddng thdi canh bao kha nang Phihppines tie'n hanh cac nhiem vu cam tif d l bao ve thUc t h i nay<^^'. Trong chuye'n t h a m tdi Trung Qudc vao cudi thang 4/2019 trong khudn kho cua Didn dan Vanh dai, Con dUdng, Tdng thd'ng Duterte lan d i u tien de c&p dg'n phan quyg't ciia PCA true tiep vdi Chii tich Tap Can Binh<">. Tuy vay, phan quyet eua PCA
dUdc neu r a tai cudc gap dUdng nhU khdng a n h hudng tdi quan he chinh tri hai nUdc khi trong chuyg'n t h a m nay, nhU da ndi cf tren, hai nUdc da ky tdi 19 hiep dinh hdp tac dau tu cimg khoan vien trd ldn ma Trung Qud'e danh cho Phihppines.
2. Q u a n h $ thifctng m a i v a d a u txC Ng'u nhu ve chinh tri, dac bidt la trong vli'n de Bien Ddng, quan he Phihppines- Trung Qudc rcfi vao tinh trang cang thang g i n nhu trong sudt thdi ky d m quyen cua Tdng thd'ng Aquino III (2010-2016) va dUdc cai thien dang ke trong 3 nam cam quyin cua Tdng thd'ng Duterte (2016-2019) thi quan he thUcfng mai giOa hai qudc gia nay lai khdng theo quy luat dd. Gia tang thuong mai Phihppines-Trung Qudc giai doan 2010-2016 d a t binh quan 16,56%/nam va giai doan 2016-2018 dat 17,12%/nam. Ndi each khac, dUdng nhU cang thang chinh tri giii'a hai nUdc khdng a n h hudng dd'n tang tnfdng thuong mai Philippines-Trung Qudc trong g i n mdt thap ky qua. Tham chi, n a m 2016, Trung Quo'c da thay thd N h a t Ban trd t h a n h dd'i tac thucfng mai ldn n h a t ciia PhiUppines vdi tdng thifdng mai hai chieu dat 21,94 ti USD. T a n g trudng thUdng m a i Philippines-Trung Qudc dat mUc t a n g trudng cao nh^t khdng chi dUdi 3 nam cam quyin ciia T i n g thd'ng Duterte ma cbn dUdi thdi tong thdng tien nhiem Aquino III (xem bieu dd 1).
Dac bidt, tU miic thang dU thUdng raai vdi Trung Qudc d mUc 152 tridu USD n a m 2011 thi den nam 2014, Philippines chiu mUc t h a m hut la 1,4 ti USD va con sd nay dat mUc ky luc la 12,7 ti USD nam 2018<^«>.
Nghien cdu Dong Nam A, sd 5/20j^
Bleu do 1: Tang trtfotng thtftfng mai gifla Philippines vdi Trung Quoc, Nli^t Ban va My tu* nam 2011 din nam 2018
Bon vi: phdn trdm
(%)
- Tmng Quoc - - Nhat Ban My
Ngudn: Xay difng bieu do sd iieu cua Philippines Statistics Authority, 2013&2018 Philippines Statistical Yearbooks, Philippines Export-Import Statistics from the Top Ten Countries: December 2018 and 2017.
Ve ddu tu, cho den trUdc chuyg'n tham cita Chu tich Tap Can Binh tdi Philippines vao thang 1172018, Trung Qud'e vkn la quoc gia d i u t u khdng dang ke vao Philippines khi so sanh vdi cac ddi tac d i u tU hang dau cda qud'e gia Ddng Nam A nay la Ha Lan, Nhat Ban, My, Singapore va Han Qudc.
Trong 4 nam (2014-2017), tdng dau tU dUOc cap phep cua cac nUdc nhu Ha Lan, Nhat Ban, My, Singapore va Han Qudc vao Phihppines lan lucft la 174,59 ti, 149,42 ti, 78,33 ti, 64,97 ti va 46,93 ti peso trong khi tdng FDI ma Trung Qudc dau tU vao quo'c gia nay ehi d mdc 16,78 ti peso (tUcfng dUfJng 322,49 tridu USD). Tuy nhien, tinh trong 5 nam ttf 2014 de'n 2018, Trung Qudc trd t h a n h nUdc cd dau tU ldn thU 4 vao Philippines vdi tong gia tri vd'n dUcfc cap phep dat 67,48 ti peso (tUOng dUcmg 1,30 ti
USD). Cu the hdn, trong vong 5 nam tir 2014 dd'n 2018 (2,5 n a m dUdi thdi Aquino III va 2,5 n a m dUdi thdi Duterte), cd sU bid'n ddng ldn trong dau tU cua Trung Qudc vao Philippines. Theo dd, trong giai doan Philippines day m a n h van ddng va cung cd ho sd cila vu kien ldn PCA, Trung Qudc da cd dau tu ldn vao nUdc nay vdi sd vd'n 11,5 ti peso (dau tU cua Trung Qudc vao Phihppines nam 2013 la 1,24 ti peso). Tuy nhign, vdi sif kign quyet cua chinh quyen Aquino III trong viec theo duoi vu kidn, dau tu ciia Trung Qudc vao Philippines giam xudng cdn chua tdi 1,5 ti peso nam 2015 va xud'ng mile tha'p ky luc la 377 tridu peso trong 6 thang diu nam 2016. Khi Tdng thd'ng Duterte cam quyen vdi chinh sach xich lai gan vdi Trung Qudc, dau tu cua Trung Qudc sang Philippines da gia
Vd Xudn Vinh - Quan he Philippines - Trung Quo'c sau ha ndm cdm quyin..
t a n g n h a n h chdng len mifc 1,14 ti peso chi trong 6 t h a n g cudi n a m 2016, 2,33 ti peso n a m 2017 va dat mUc ky luc 50,7 ti peso n a m 2018 (xem bieu dd 2).
Su chuyen bid'n trong quan he dau tU Phihppines - Trung Qudc cung mang dam da'u an cua cac chuyen t h a m cap cao giUa nguygn thu hai qudc gia. Chuyg'n t h a m cua Tdng thd'ng Duterte tdi Trung Qudc vao t h a n g 10/2016 giup dau tU cua Trung Qud'e vao Philippines t a n g len mijfc 987,1 tridu peso trong Quy 4/2016 so vdi mdc 155,3 tridu peso ciia Quy 3/2016. Chuyen t h a m cua Chu tich T a p C a n Binh tdi Philippines vao t h a n g 11/2018 cung giup so' vdn d i u tu ciia Trung Qudc vao
Philippine tang dot bien Ign mUc 47,99 ti peso trong Quy 4/2018 tif mUc 900 trieu peso cua Quy 3/2018. Vdi sd vdn d i u tU duoc chap thuan la 50,693 ti peso n a m 2018, d i u t u cua Trung Quo'c vao Philippine chilm tdi 28,32% tdng d i u tU dUde chap thuan ciia qud'e gia Ddng Nam A nay, dUa Trung Qudc trd t h a n h nUdc dau t u ldn nha't vao Philippine n a m 2018'^^^
Neu nhu trong sudt 6 n a m d m quyen eua Tong thd'ng Aquino III, tdng dau tU dUOc phd duydt ciia T n m g Qudc d Philippines la 38,930 ti peso thi chi ba n a m dUdi thdi chinh quyen Duterte, mUc d i u tU da len tdi 54,169 ti peso, gap 1,39 l i n (tUdng duong mdc t a n g 39,14%).
Bieu do 2: So' vd'n dau t^X cua Trung Quo'c dUdc c^'p phep of Philippines giai doan 2014-2018
Dan vi, trieu peso
I H F D I cua Tmng Qudc d Philippines
NguSn: Biiu d6 duoc xay diing tiT so lieu cua Philippine Statistics Authority, /nuestmenis, https://psa.gov.ph/content/foreign-investments-0
Nghien cdu Dong Nam A, sd 5/20J9^
3. MOt s6' n h a n x e t
Thd nhdt, vdi chu tnfcfng xich lai g i n hon vdi Trung Qudc cua Tdng thd'ng Duterte, quan hd chinh tri Philippines- Trung Qudc da cd budc phat trien ddt pha chi trong 3 nam e l m quyen cua Tong thd'ng Duterte. Ttf radi quan he chinh tri cang thang chu yeu do van dl Bien Ddng, quan he gifla hai qud'e gia nay da dUOc nang ldn thanh quan he hcfp tac chidn lUdc toan didn vao thang 11/2018. Dudng nhU phan quyet cua PCA va sU cd dao Thi Tif gan day khdng anh hUdng dd'n quan hd chinh tri dang ngay mot cai thign gifla hai nUdc.
ThU hai, mac du quan hg Philippines- Trung Qudc trd ndn cang thang tif nam 2012 khi Philippines kien Trung Qudc ra PCA nhUng trao ddi thUcfng mai hai nUde lai gia tang m a n h me, dUa Tnmg Qudc trd t h a n h ddi tac thuong mai ldn nhat cua Philippine vao n a m 2016. ThUcfng mai gifla hai nUdc nay trong ba nam cam quyin cua Tong thd'ng Duterte khong tang dot bie'n so vdi giai doan trUdc dd nhUng Philippines ngay cang chiu thara hut ldn trong thucmg mai vdi Trung Qud'e.
Thd ba, trong 3 n a m diu e l m quyen cua Duterte, quan he dau tU Philippines-Trung Qudc, dac bidt la dau tU ciia Trung Qudc sang Philippines cd bUdc phat trien dot pha so vdi thdi ky Aquino III khi Trung Qudc vUon len trd thanh nUdc diu tU ldn nhat vao Philippines nam 2018. Dac biet, cam ke't cua hai nUdc trong cac chuye'n t h a m d p cao giup dau tU cua Trung Qude vao Philippines gia tang manh.
Thd tu, vdi ehig'n lUdc d i y manh quan he thUdng mai va diu tu vdi Philippines bang nhieu sang kidn, trong dd cd Sang
kid'n Vanh dai va Con dUdng, sif phat t r i l n cua Phihppines phu thuoc kha nhilu vao quan he thuong mai va d i u tU vdi Trung Qud'e trong nhflng nam gan day. Vdi viec gia tri thuong mai va diu tu vdi Trung Qudc chid'm tdi 15,5% tdng thUcfng mai (2017) va 28,32% tdng thu hut diu tU (2018) ciia Philippines va ti phan thUcfng mai va dau tU vdi Trung Qudc ngay mot tang nhanh, tang tnfdng kinh td' ciia Philippines phu thudc kha ldn vao mdi quan he cda nUdc nay vdi Trung Qudc khi thuong mai chiem tdi 72%'-^^'> va dau tU chiem 3,2%(2i) Qj)p c£ia qudc gia Ddng Nam A nay.
Viec kinh phi d i u tU tang ddt bien cho khu vifc bac Mindanao nam 2018'^^' triing htfp vdi thdi diem Trung Qudc tang m a n h dau tu vao Philippines cho thay nhflng tinh toan ehid'n lUdc cua Trung Quo'c d Phihppines. Ngoai viec d i u tU cho khu vUc m i l n bac g i n thu dd va mien trung phat trien hon, Trung Qudc dang nham vao cac vi tri chie'n luoc nhu t h a n h phd' Davao, noi Duterte cd sU nghiep ehinh tri t h a n h cdng trUdc khi trd t h a n h Tdng thd'ng Philippines; khu vUc lan can (Bac Mindanao) va t h a n h phd Marawi tiftig bi khung bd cd lign he vdi IMha nudc Hdi giao tu xiftig (IS) chiem ddng vdi cac du an xay difng co sd ha tang ldn (chii yeu la d u , dudng)'^^'.
ThU ndm, Philippines se phai dd'i mat vdi nhieu thaeh thfle trong can bang gifla cac mat quan he, dac biet la gifla chinh tri va kinh te trong quan he vdi Tnmg Qudc.
Mac dil Tdng thd'ng Duterte lan d i u tidn len tid'ng gay gat vdi phia Trung Quo'c hdn quan den kien Thi Tfl va dng cung lan dau tien n h i c den phan quyet cua PCA trudc
Vo Xudn Vinh - Quan hi Philippines - Trung Qudc sau ba ndm cdm quyen...
m a t n h a l a n h dao Trung Qudc, tuy nhidn, b a n t h a n Tdng thd'ng Philippines cung cd gang lam diu van dd Bien Ddng vdi phia Trung Qudc<24> khi dng chi nhac den phan quyet cua PCA va khdng de cap sau hon.
Vdi vide Trung Qudc la ddi tac thUdng mai ldn nha't va la dd'i tac d i u tU hang d i u ciia Philippines, chinh quyin Duterte se phai thUc hien mdt luc hai nhidm vu: b^o vd chii quygn ma nUdc nay tuyen bo trUdc thaeh thfle ldn n h a t tfl Trung Quo'c va duy tri p h a t trien kinh td' - xa hdi vdn ngay cang chiu a n h hUcfng ldn tfl hop tac vdi chinh n i n kinh te' ldn thfl hai thd' gidi nay.
4 . K e t l u | i n
Trong ba n a m dau d m quyen Philippines cua Tong thdng Duterte, quan he Philippines - Trung Qudc dii gap thaeh thfle ldn nha't la cang thang gifla hai nfldc quanh dao Thi Tfl nhittig da cd nhiJng bUdc phat t r i l n rd ret so vdi thdi ky cara quyin cua Tdng thdng Aquino III. Quan hg hai nudc da dflcfc nang Ign t i m hop tac chie'n luoc toan didn vao t h a n g 11/2018. Tid'p da tang trudng dUdi thdi T i n g thd'ng Aquino, quan he thUdng mai Philippines-Trung Qudc tie'p tuc phat t r i l n m a n h me. Vdi cac thda thuSn dau t u dUdc ky gifla hai nudc trong ba n a m qua, Trung Qudc da trd t h a n h nudc cd vd'n dau tU nUdc ngoai ldn n h a t vao Philippines nam 2018. Sif phat trien ndi chung cua quan he Philippines- Trung Qudc trong thdi gian qua cung dat r a nhCttig thaeh thfle ldn cho Philippines khi nfldc nay chiu thara hut thflong mai ngay cang ldn vdi Trung Qudc, nhieu dfl an quan trong chien Ifloc cua Philippines n a m trong tay cac n h a dau tu Trung Qudc. Dieu nay chac chan se ^nh hfldng khdng nhd
den viec dam bao va hai hda gifla ldi ich kinh td'-xa hdi va an ninh cua qudc gia Ddng Nara A nay./.
CHU TfflCH
1. Peter Kreuzer, Dealing with China in the South China Sea: Duterte Changing Course, PRIF Reports 3/2018, Frankfiirt am Main: Hessische Stiftung Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Summary.
2. Philippines' Rodrigo Duterte, in China, announces 'separation' from US, The Straits Times, October 20, 2016, https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se- asia/philippines-rodrigo-duterte-in-china- announces-separation-from-us
3. Richard Javad Heydarian, Duterte and the Philippines' Contested Foreign Policy, AMTI, August 20, 2018, https://amti.csis.org/duterte-philippines- contested-foreign-policy/
4. Kathy Quiano and Ben Westcott, Duterte says he needs China, 'loves' Xi Jinping, CNN, April 9, 2018, https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/09/asia/dut erte-xi-jinping-boao-forum-intl/index.html 5. Nam 2015, Chu tich Trung Qudc Tap Can
Binh tdi Philippines tham dU Diln d^n Hcfp tac kinh te chau A-Thai Binh Ducfng (APEC). Ddn tiep Tap Can Binh tai s^n bay chi la Bp trUdng Tai chinh Cesar Purisima va Dai sfl Phihppines tai Trung Qudc Erlinda Basilo.
6. Joint Statement between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of the Philippines, November 21, 2018, http://en.people.cn/n3/2018/1121/c90000- 9520902.html
7. Pia Ranada, PH, China sign coast guard cooperation pact, 12 other deals, Rappler, October 21, 2016,
10 Nghien cUu Dong Nam A, so 5/2012^
https://www.rappler.coni/nation/149774- ph-china-sign-coast-guard-cooperation-pact 8. Dharel Placido, LIST: Philippines, China
sign 29 deals in Xi Jinping visit, ABS-CBN News, November 21, 2018, h t t p s / / n e w s . a b s cbn.com/news/ll/20/18/list-philippines- china-sign-29-deals-in-xi-jinping-visit 9. Doris Dumlao-AbadUla, Palace: Duterte's
China visit 'highly successful', Inquirer.net, April 28, 2019, https ://globalnation.inquir- er.net/174931/palace-dutertes-china-visit- liiglily-successfijl
10. Duterte to set aside sea dispute during China trip, Philstar, October 10, 2016, https ://www.philstar.coni/headlines/2016/1 0/10/1632233/duterte-set-aside-sea-dispute- during-china-trip
11. Duterte says he'll set aside South China Sea feud ruling against Beijing, South China Moring Post, December 17, 2016, https ://www.scm.p.com/news/asia/south- east-asia/article/2055433/duterte-says-hell- set-aside-south-china-sea-feud-ruling 12. Pia Ranada, PH, China sign coast guard
cooperation pact, 12 other deals, Rappler, October 21, 2016, https://www.rappler.com/nation/149774- ph-china-sign-coast-guard-cooperation-pact 13. Dharel Placido, LIST: Philippines, China
sign 29 deals in Xi Jinping visit, ABS-CBN News, November 21, 2018, h t t p s : / / n e w s . a b s - cbn.com/news/ll/20/18/list-philippines- china-sign-29-deaIs-in-xi-jinping-visit 14. Joint Statement between the People's
Republic of China and the Republic of the Philippines, November 21, 2018, http://en.people.cn/n3/2018/1121/c90000.
9520902.html
15. Peter Kreuzer, tdi lieu dd ddn, tr.l8.
16. South China Sea: Duterte warns Beijing of 'suicide missions' to protect disputed island. The Guardian, April 5, 2019, https://www.theguardian.eom/world/2019/a pr/05/south-china-sea-duterte-wams-china-
of-suicide-missions-to-protect-disputed- island
17. The Philippines' Rodrigo Duterte broached South China Sea ruling tn meeting with China's Xi Jinping, The Japan Times, April 28, 2019, https://www.japantimes .CO .jp/news/2019/04 /28/asia-paciiic/politics-diplomacy-asia- p a c i f i c / p h i l i p p i n e s - r o d r i g o - d u t e r t e - broached-south-china-sea-ruling-meeting- chinas-xi-jinping/#.XMlfQZA3vIU 18. Tinh toan cua tac gia tfl Philippine
Statistics Authority, 2013&2018 Philippine Statistical Yearbooks, Philippine Export-Import Statistics from the Top Ten Countries: December 2018 and 2017.
19. Philippine Statistics Authority, Foreign Investments, httpsy/psa.gov.ph/content/for- eign-investments-0
20. The World Bank, Trade (% of GDP), https://data.worldbank.org/indLcator/NE.T RD.GNFS.ZS?locations=PH
21. The World Bank, Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), https://data.w0rldbank.0rg/indicat0r/BX.K LT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS
22. Bac Mindanao la khu vifc thu hut dau tU ldn nhat Philippine nam 2018. Xem Philippine Statistics Authority, Foreign Investments: Fourth Quarter 2018, p.30.
23. Dharel Placido, LIST: Philippines, China sign 29 deals in Xi Jinping visit, ABS-CBN News, November 21, 2018, h t t p s : / / n e w s . a b s - cbn.com/news/ll/20/18/list-philippines- china-sign-29-deals-in-xi-jinping-visit 24. Shi Jiangtao, Philippine President
Rodrigo Duterte tries to smooth over South China Sea tensions in meeting with China's Xi Jinping, The South China Morning Post, April 25, 2019, https://www.scmp.com/news/chinaydiplo, macy/article/3007690/philippine-president- rodrigo-duterte-tries-smooth-over-south.