THAM D 6 , K H A I Q U A T DI TICH DAU R A M (QUANG NINH) LAN THlT BA NAM 2009
T R I N H H O A N G H l f P * . TRlTONG H U t J N G H I A " , N G U Y £ N THJ H A O "
1. J-ijch stt phdt hifn vd nghifin ettu
Ddu Rfim Id tfin gpi hai dfiy nfli dd vdi nfim hoi chlch nhau d tfiOn 3, xfi Hodng Tdn, huyfn Yfin Hung, tinh Qudng Ninh. MOt trong hai dfiy nfli dd vdi cd kleh thude Idn han dupe gpi Id Ddu Rflm Idn, cdn day nfli kia gpi Id Ddu Rfim nhd. Nfli Ddu Rfim nhd cd tog dO 106''52'35" kinh Ddng, 20"55'4" vT Bfic (Anh 1).
Vdo nhihig nflm 1970, nhttng nguCri dfin xfi Hodng Tdn da ttah ed phdt hifn nhitag chile riu bfln bfing dd, gido ddng vd dd gdm ttong qud frtah khai thdc dd vd cdt tgi khu vyc nfli Ddu Rdm. Ndm 1988, NguySn Vfin Hdo dfi din khdo sdt khu di tich ndy. Kit qud khdo sdt dupe nhfln djnh: "... Di chi Hodng Tfln (Ddu Rflm) tfiuOe vfln hda Hg Long" {Nguyln Vfln Hio 1989: 30-31). Gdn 10 ndm sau, vdo tiidng 8 nfim.1997, Bdo tdng Qudng Ninh dfl phdi hpp vdi Vifn Khdo ed hpc tien hdnh dilu tra khdo sdt tgi khu vyc ndy. Dya trfin nhitag hifn vflt dfl vd dd gdm tfiu dupe trong qud tttah khdo sdt, Trdn Trpng Hd vd Bfli v a n Lifim (Et cho rdng: "... Ddy Id nai eu tni ciia cu ddn tiidi dai Kim khf giai doan sdm". Ddng flidi kit hpp vdi vifc phdt hifn dupe rlu, gido, chuflng bfing ddng t^i khu vye ndy, cdc tdc gia ^ nh§n djnh:
"... d day nfli Ddu Rflm cd t h l cd cd nhttng mO tdng giai dogn vfin hda Ddng Son" (Trdn Trpng Hd, Bui v a n Lifim 1998: 250-252). Cudi nfim 1997, Vifn Khdo cd hpc phdi hpp vdi Bdo tdng ttah Qudng Ninh tiln hdnh khdo sdt mOt idn ntta vd da phdt hifn vlt tfeh tdng vfln hda d khu vye ttimg yfin ngya frfin nfli Ddu Idim nhd vd d khu cdn cdt dudi ehfln nfli phfa nam. Vlt tich cu ttii cfla ngudi cd vd nhttng hifn vat tfiu dupe ttong qud trtah khdo sdt, budc ddu cho p h ^ chflng tfli nhfln djnh d khu di tfeh ndy cd khd nfing tdn tgi hai Idp vfin hda sdm, muOn khdc nhau (Phgm Thj Ninh, Trdn Trpng Hd 1999: 176-179)* Ddu nfim 1998, mOt dodn nghifin cflu din di tfeh Ddu Rfim, da phdt tafn dupe mOt phfln di cdt ngudi cd d sudn phfa tdy cfla nfli Ddu Rflm nhd vd mOt sd ldi vdng dd, khodng 100 mdnh gdm Dflng Son kilu DuCmg Cd.
Cdc nhd nghifin cfln nhdn djnh: "... Sy tdn tgi cfla mdt logi hlnh mdi - logi htah biln cfla nln vfln hda DOng Son ndi tilng" (VQ T h l U n g vd cOng sy 1999:182 -184).
Thdng 5 nfim 1998, Bdo t d i ^ Qudng Ninh phdi hpp vdi Vifn Khdo cd hpc khai quflt 120m^
gdm 4 hd: hd HI 50m^ (10m x 5ra) ttfin nfli tgi khu vyc trflng yfin ngya; hd H2 40m' (8m x 5m) tgi khu cdo cdt chdn ntti phfa nam; hd H3 18m^ (6m x 3m) nfim d dudi chfin edn cflt vd hd khai quflt H4 12m' (3m X 4m) d sudn nfli phfa bfic. Ngodi ra dpt khai quflt idn tfitt nhdt cdn tifin hdnh ddo mOt sd hd tfidm sdt d khu vye cdn cdt vd khu vyc nfli Ddu Rfim Idn d l kilm fra difn phfln bd cfla khu di tieh (Pham Thj
TS. Vifn Khdo cdhpc CN. Vifn Khdo cd hpc
Khdo cd hgc, ad 612012
Nmh vd cOng sy 1998). Vifn Khdo cd hpc phdi hpp vdi Bdo tdng tfnh Qudng Ntah khai qudt idn tfitt 2 vdo tfidng 9 nfim 2005 vdi I9m2 (Nguyin Kim Dung vdcOngsy 2006: 152-154).
Vifn Khdo cd hpc phdi hpp vdi Sd Vfin hod, Thl tfiao vd Du Ijch Qudng Ninh tiln hdnh tfifim dd, khai qudt Ddu Rflm idn tfitt 3 vdi difn tIch 100m' gdm 6 hd: hd HI 20m' (2m x lOm); hd H2 20m' (2m X 1 Om), ed 2 hd n ^ nfim d khu vye bfii edt dudi chdn nfli Ddu Rdm nhd (nfim d rla ngodi bfii cdt - nay Id nghTa ttang hifn dgi); hd H3 16m' (2m x 8m) nfim rla ngodi cfla bfli cdt vd sdt dudng lifin tfita; hd H4 40m' (8m x 5m) nflm ttimg khu vyc bai cdt vd d gdc tdy bflc nfli Ddu Rflm nhd (cudi dfiy nfli Ddu Rfim nhd); hd HS 2m' (2m x Im) vd hd H6 2m' (2m x Im) nfim ttong vudn bgch ddn gia ^nh nhd flng Thfa (Tdng Trung Tfa vd cOng sy 2011; Trjnh Hodng Hifp vd cOng sy 2011).
2. Kit qud thfim dd. khai qu$t idn thtt 3
2.L Dia ting chung cdc hi thdm dd, khaiquft tin thd-3 cdu tgo d|a tdng
Ldpm
III
11 Giai dogn sdm Giai dogn muOn
H i HI 34cm-4cm 108cm- )4cm
HdH2 12em-30em 90cm-24em
H I H 3 6cm - 20cm
14cm- 110cm 8cm-60cm
H 6 H 4 14cm-40cm
94em- 186cm 16cm-90cm Cu dfln giai doan mufn chfln ngudi qud cd vdo ldp vfin hod giai dogn sdm
HIHS 10cm-4cm
80cm- lOOem
H I H 6 I0cm-4cm
40cm- 62cm
- Ldp mflt Ddt pha cdt mjn, cdt chilm ^ If Idn. Ddt mdu ndu tdi, ndu, ndu sim, mdu vdng hoi dd.
- Tdng vfln hod:
+ Giai dogn sdm: D ^ pha cdt mjn, edt chilm t^ If Idn. Ddt mdu nflu tdi, nflu, ndu sSm, nflu hoi dd, nflu hoi dd tdi, dd hoi vdng, ndu vdng vd mdu ndu hoi vdng tdi. Ngogi trfl dja ting hd HI ddy trung btah til 30cm - 80cm Id ken ddy mdnh vd nhuySn thl. TVong tdng vfin hod ken ddy di vdt khdo cd hpc (dd dd, dd gdm, dd ddng, xucmg vd di tfeh mO tdng...).
+ Giai dogn muOn: Cdt mdu ndu hai dd tdi vd mdu dd hoi vdng; ddt pha cdt mjn mdu ndu tii, cdt chilm ty If Idn. Trong tdng vfin hda ken ddy di vdt dd dd, dd gdm. dd ddng vd di tieh mO tdng.
- Sinh thd: Cdt mjn mdu vdng hoi dd, dd hoi vdng, vdng vd mdu nflu xdm (Anh 2).
+ Hd H2: Di tfeh xudt hifn d Idp 12, sflu 82cm so vdi vdch Bfic; kfch tiiudc: chilu ddi frong bd 130cm, rOng 1 lOcm. Di cdt chl cdn Igi mOt phdn xuong hdm dudi, 5 chile rfing vd mOt sd dogn xuong khdc. can ctt theo phdn cdn l^i cfla xuong hdm dudi thl m^t cd thl nhfa v l phfa bflc vd di cdt cd tfil dupe chdn tfieo hudng tdy bflc 150° - dflng nam 240° (Anh 3, 4).
Hd H2 cd dja tdng dn djnh, di vdt trong hd vd di v§t chdn tfieo ldm dd tuy tdng diu tfiuOc giai dogn sdm. Do vfly, di tfeh mO tdng ndy Id di cdt ngudi cd Ddu Rfim giai dogn sdm (Truong Hihi Nghl^
Trjnh Hodng Hifp 2011).
+ Hd H3: 5 di tich. Di tfeh xudt 10 d dO sflu ttt 58cm - 59cin, ddi ttt 70cm - 204em, rOng tfl 16cm - I64cni, sflu tfl 10cm - 30cm. Di v$t gdm: dd dd (mdnh vdng, bdn mdi trong, hdn nghiln cd id vital), dd ddng (mdnh chfln d l blnh, gido vd lao).
Trjnh Hodng H l f p vd cpng »y - Thflm dd, khai qudt dl tich Ddu R d m . .
+ Hd H 4 : 1 0 di tfeh. Di tfeh xudt 10 d dO sflu 70cm - 173cm, ddi tfr 90cm - 206cm, rOng tfl 64cm - 142cm, sflu ttr 20cm - 40cm. Di vdt gdm: dd dd (mdnh vdng, lOi vdng, cflng ey ghfi trbn...), dd ddng (mdnh tfi^ ddng, mdnh chfin d l btah, riu ludi Ifch, riu ludi cdn, mdnh hO tflm philn...) vd dd sdt (cudc).
Theo chflng tdi nhttng di tfeh tx&a diu cd tfil Id hi^ft mO vdi nhttng nguyfin nhfln sau:
+ Ddt trong di tfeh cd mdu sdc khdc vdi khu vyc xung quanh.
+ Htah ddng di tfeh diu cd ddng gidng huyft mO (htah gdn chtt nhdt).
+ Tdt cd cde di tfeh diu cd di vflt chfln tfieo.
Cfin ctt vdo dd ttiy tdng chfln tfieo vd bifin cdc di tich frong hd H3, H4 diu Id di tIch mO tdng giai dogn muOn, dupe chfln vdo dbig van hod cfla cu dfln giai dogn sdm. Nhu vdy, sau 3 nflm tfifim dd, khai quflt di tfeh khdo cd hpc Ddu Rfim dfly Id idn ddu tifin phdt hifn dupe mOt phdn di cdt ngudi cd thuOe giai dogn sdm d dja dilm khdo cd hpc ndy.
3. Di v$t giai dogn sdm (khodng 3400 BP - 3000 BP) s.i.Didd
3.1.1. Cdng cy sdn xudt
- Rlu: 16 chile ( H I : 12 chile; H 2 : 2 chile; H3:1 chile; H 4 : 1 chile)
+ Logi 1: I chile. Rlu cd ddng hfah thang, dupe Idm ttt dfl ngpc mdu xdm xattii cd vdn xanh, todn ihdn phfl patin mdu xdm den. Ddc rlu hoi cong, lutti vdt nhilu v l mOt bfin, ria ludi bj mdn nhilu.
Rlu dupe mdi todn tfidn, mflt dudi cdn lgi nhflng ddu vlt cua. Mflt cfit ngang thfln hlnh tfiang. Kich thirdc: ddi 4,4cm, rOng 2,7an - 3em, ddy 0,6cm.
+ Logi 2 : 5 chile. Rlu logi khd Idn vd ddy dupe Idm tfl dd mdu trfing xdm, trfing ngd; todn tiidn dupe mdi nhan bdng. Ngodi phfl ldp patta mdu xdm. Kfch thudc: ddi 3,9cm - 6,2cm, rdng 2,3cm - 4,5cni, ddy 0.8 - 2,9cm (Anh 5).
+ Logi 3: 2 chile, dupe Idm tii dd mdu xdm trfing, ngodi phfl patta mdu xdm hdng, mdu ndu.
Mflt riu cd vfln mdu xdm den, mdu xanh, vdng; riu cd ddng hfah thang. Kfch thudc: ddi 3,8cm - 5cm, rOng 2,4cm-4,1cm, ddy 0,6cm- 1,4cm.
+ Logi 4: 1 chile, dupe Idm tfl dd mdu xdm den, ddng hfah thang, tiifln thudn ddi. MOt mflt riu khd phdng, mOt mflt hai vdng Ifin. Phdn ddc riu cdn vlt sdn sfli ehua dupe mdi h i t Ludi riu sflt. Mflt cflt ngang tiifln hfah tfl gidc. Kfch thudc: ddi 5,7cm, rOng 1,5cm - 2,6cm, ddy 0,6em.
+ Logi 5 : 2 chile, hfah thang dupe Idm ttt dd ed xuong mdu trfing ngd, mfit ngodi phfl patta mdu nflu vdi^. Rlu dupe mdi todn tfidn nhimg v3n cdn nhilu vet ghfi chua dupe mdi h i t Kfch thudc: ddi 4,2cm - 4,9cm, rOng 2,2cm - 3,2cni, ddy 0,4cm - 0,9cm.
+ Logi 6: 3 chile, dupe Idm hi dd ngpc mdu xdm den, mdu xanh; riu ddng htah tiiang. Kich thudc: ddi 4,8cm, rOng 1,9cm-3,6cm, ddy 0,6cm- 1cm.
+ Logi 7: 1 chile, dupe Idm tfl dd mdu xdm, ngodi phfl patta mdu xdm den khd ddy. Rju ed ddng htah tfiang, ludi r ^ g gan gdp ddi ddc. Ludi riu hai vdt cdn khd sdc. Mflt cflt ngang thfln htah tiiang.
Kfch tfiudc: ddi 3,9cm, rOng l,3em - 2,2cm, ddy 0,5cm - 0,7cm.
+ Logi 8: I ctalc, dupe Idm rtr dd mdu ndu xdm, mdi n l ^ bdi^. Riu cd ddng hinh tiiang, ttai mflt cdn ddu llfai chua mdi hit, hai cgnh vdn cdn ddu cua. LirOI riu khd cfln, bj vd rapt gdc, phdn cdn Igi khd sfic.
Mdt cflt ngang tfifln Unh ditt nhdt Kfdilhude: ddi 3,8cm, rOng l,7an - 2cm, ddy 0,7cm f:4nA (S;.
Khdo cdhge, ad 6/2012
- B f l n : 9 e h i l e ( H I : 4 c h i l c ; H 2 : 2 c h i l c ; H 3 : 2 e h i l c : H 4 : 1 chile).
+ Logi 1: 3 chile, ddng gin hlnh tiiang, mdu xdm xanh, phin ludi cd vfln mdu xdm trfing. Bdn dupe mdi todn thdn, ngodi phfl patta mdu xdm xanh. Phdn ddc bdn dupe mdi nhung chua hit vlt ghfi dfio. Ludi bdn vdt hfln v l mOt bfin, rla luOi bj sflt mfi nhilu. M$t cflt ngang thfln hfah lyc gidc. Kfch tiiudc: ddi 3,9cm - 5,1cm, rOng l,9em -2,9cm, ddy 0,5em - l,lcm (Anh 7).
+ Logi 2: 2 chile, dupe Idm ttt dd mdu nflu tfm, xdm den; thdn phfl patfa mdu ndu den. Bdn cd ddng hfah thang, dupe mdi todn thfln, bj gfiy mOt phdn ddc. Mflt cdt ngang thfln hlitfi ttt gidc. Kfch thudc:
ddi 3,Icm - 4,4cm, rdng 1,8cm - 2,9cm, ddy: 0,6cm - 0,9cm.
+ Logi 3: 1 chile, dupe Idm bflng dd mdu xdm ghi. B l mflt cd nhilu Id rd. Bdn cd ddng hlnh tfiang, ludi vdt nhilu d mOt mflt rla ludi bj sflt nhilu. Mflt cfit ngang thfln htah chtt nhdt. Kfch thirdc:
ddi 3cm, rOng 2,3cm - 2,6cm, ddy 0,7cm.
+ Logi 4: 2 chile, dupe Idm ttt dd mdu xdm, mdu xanh, ngodi phfl patin mdu nflu den. Bdn cd ddng htah tfiang, ludi vdt vd Ifch v l mOt bfin, rla ludi khd sdc. M^t cfit ngang tfifin htah chtt nhflt Kich tfiudc: ddi 4,4cm - 4,5cm, rOng3,lcm - 4,3cm, ddy 0,9em - 2cm.
- Dye: 10 chile (HI: 6 chile; H2:2 chile; H3:2 chile) gdm cdc logi sau:
+ Logi 1: I chile, dye dupe Idm ttt dd ngpc mdu xdm den, thfln cdn nhilu vlt sdn sfli cfla dd chua dupe mdi hit. MOt ria dye cd vlt dupe mdi bdng, ria edn igi cd vlt cua, cd Ifi chile dye ndy dupe cfit ra tii mOt cdng cy khfle. M^t cfit ngang tfifln htah ttt gidc. Kich tfiudc: ddi 4,2cm, rOng 4,7cm - 4,8cni, ddy 0,8em -1,4cm.
+ Logi 2: 3 chile, dupe Idm tfl dd mdu xdm xanh, mdu xdm den; thfln phfl patin mdu xdm den, thfin thudn ddi. Mji cdt ngang thdn hfah chtt D. Kfch thuflrc: ddi 3,5cm - 4,5cm, rOng l,Icm - l,8an, ddy 0,5cm - 0,9cm (Anh 8).
-H Logi 3: 3 chile, dupe ldm bang dd mdu xdm den, mdu xdm ghi; dye ddng hfah tfiang, tiidn timdn ddi. Mflt cfit ngang tiifln hfah chtt nhdt Kfch tfiudc: ddi 3,5cm - 4,6cm, rOng t.lcm - 1,8cm, ddy 0,3em - 0,6cm.
+ Logi 4: I chile, dupe Idm tfl dd mdu xflm, ngodi phfl patin mdu nflu den. MOt cgnh dye edn ddu cua ehua mdi h i t egnh kia cdn vlt ghfi dfio chua dupe mdi. Dye cdn khd ddy, lu&i hoi vdt v l mOt bfin. Mflt cdt ngang tiifln htah tiiang. Kfch tiiudc: ddi 5.7cm, rdng 1.1 cm, ddy 1,1cm {Anh 9).
+ Logi 5: 1 chile. Dye Idm bdng dd mdu xdm ghi, bj gfiy phdn ddc. Dye cd ddng tiiufln ddi, dupe mdi todn tiifln, ludi hoi vdt v l mOt bfin. M$t cfit ngang tfifln gdn hfah chtt D. Kfch thude: ddi 3,7cm, rOng 1,1cm, ddy 0,9an.
+ Logi 6:1 chile, dupe Idm ttr dd mdu xanh, dupe mdi nhfin fa>dn tiifln. Thfln dye tiiudn ddi, ddc rOng bflng 2/3 lufli. Mflt cflt ngang tiifln hfah chtt nhdt Kfch tfiudc: ddi 4.2cm, i^ng l,2em - 1,8cm, d ^ 0,5cm - 0,9em.
+ Logi 7: 1 chile, dupe Idm ttr dd mdu xdm xanh, ngodi phfl mOt ft patm mdu xdm den. Thfln dye hoi cong, cdc cgnh ehua dupe mdi bdng. Lufti nhd, mflt cflt ngang tfifln htah ngfl gjdc. Kfch tfiudc:
ddi 3,7cm, rOng 0,7cm, ddy 0,6cm.
- Bdn mdi: 218 chile (HI: 124 chile: 57 bdn mdi phflng; 2 bdn mdi ldm; 12 bdn mdi rfinh; 49 bdn mdi frong; 4 bdn mdi kit hpp; H2: 27 chile: 3 bdn mdi phfing; 1 bdn mdi ldm; 7 bdn mdi rffah; 16 bdf) mdi frong; H 3 :30 chile: I bdn mdi phfing; 3 bdn mdi lOm; 2 bdn mdi rfinh; 24 bdn mdi bong; H4:33
Trjnh Hodng Hifp vd cQng s y - Thfim dd, khai qudt dl tfeh Ddu R d m . . . ^ chile: 3 bdn mdi phfing; 3 bdn mdi lOm; 4 bdn mdi rflnh; 21 bdn mdi trong; 2 bdn mdi kit hpp; HS: 1 bdn
mdi ttong; H 6 : 3 chile: 2 bdn mdi phfing; 1 bdn mdi frong).
- Ludi eua: 67 chile ( H I : 17 chile; H2: 16 chile; H3:15 chile; H 4 : 1 7 chile; HS: 1 chile; H6:
1 chile).
Ngodi ra cdn cd chdy nghiln 7 chile; hdn nghiln 7 chile; 1 hdn nghfi; I hdn kfi; 1 dd cd Id vttm;
1 hdn nghiln/dd cd iS vflm; 1 hdn kfi/dd cd l3 vflm; 1 dd ghfi frdn; I ehl ludi; I dd cd id vflm/chl ludi.
3.1.2. Dd trimg siic
-Mdnh vdng: 1 6 m d n h ( H I : 7 m d n h ; H 2 : 1 mdnh; H 3 : 5 mdnh; H 4 : 4 mdnh) gdm cdc logi sau:
+ Logi 1: 6 mdnh ( H I : 5 mdnh; HI: I mdnh), dupe Idm ttt dd mdu xdm trfing, frdng ngd; todn thfin phfl patfa mdu xdm den. Vdng dupe mdi nhfin, mflt cfit ngang thfln htah chtt nhdt. Kich thudc:
dudng ktah S,8cm - 9cm, rOng bdn 0,7cm - l,9em, ddy 0,4cm - 1.2cm (Anh 10).
4- Lofii 2 : 4 mditfi ( H I : 2 mdnh; H3: 2 mdnh), dupe Idm ttt dd mdu xdm trflng, ngodi phfl patfa mdu xdm den. Mflt frong ctta vdng vSn edn ddu khoan tdch lOi ttt hai ddu. Mflt cfit ngang tfidn hfah ngfl gidc. Kfch tfiudc: dudng ktah 4,6cm - 5,8cm, rOng bdn 0,5cm - 0,85eni, ddy 0,15cm - 0,7cm.
+ Logi 3 : 2 mdnh ( H I : 1 mdnh; H2: 1 mdnh). Vdng rOng bdn (rOng bdn hon so vdi vdng log! 1, logi 2), dupe Idm ttt dd mdu xdm trfing, ngodi phfl patfa mdu nflu xflm. Mflt cfit ngang tfifln hfah chtt nhflt Kfch tfiudc: dudng kfnh: 4,5cm - Scm, rOng bdn 0,9cm -1,4cm, ddy 0,3cm.
+ Logi 4 : 1 mdnh d hd H4. Mdnh vdng dupe Idm ttr dd mdu frfing ngd, ngodi phfl patin mdu ndu vdng, b l n ^ t dd cd vfln mdu xdm den. Vdng dupe mdi bdng, mflt cfit ngang tiidn gdn htah frdn. Kich thudc: dudng kfnh 5,6cm, rdng Ijdn 0,5em, ddy 0,Sem (Anh 11).
+ Logi 5:2 mdnh (H3:1 mdnh; H4:1 mdnh). Mdnh vdng dupe ldm ttt ^ mdu t i ^ ngd, ngodi phfl patin mdu nflu v d i ^ nhilu ehS mdu xdm den. Vdng logi rdt ddy, cdc mflt khd nhfin. M|t cfit n ^ n g tiifln gdn hfah vuflng. Kfch tfnidc: dudng kfnh 8,5cm - 8,8cni, rOng bdn 1 cm - 1 , Icm, ddy 0,7cm -1,3cm.
+ Logi 6 : 1 mflnh d hd H3. Mdnh vdng dupe Idm ttr dd mdu frfing ngd, ngodi phfl patin mdu nflu vdng. Vdng dupe mdi nhfln; loai ndy nhd vd mdng. Mflt cfit ngang tfifin hfah chtt D. Kfch thudc: dudng kfah 5cm, rpng bdn 0,6cm, ddy 0,25cm.
+ Logi 7: 1 mdnh d hd H4, dupe Idm ttr dd cd xuong mdu frflng ngd, ngodi phfl patin mdu nflu vdng, dfli chd mdu xdm den. Todn tfifln vdng dupe mdi nhdn, mflt cfit ngang tfifln vdng hfah vuflng.
Vdng thudc loai khd dfly. Kfch tfiudc: dudng kfnh 7,6cm, rOng bdn 1,2cm, ddy 1,2cm.
- Hgt chuSi: 3 hat d hd H4. Hgt chudi dupe Idm ttr dd mdu xanh, mdu ghi xdm; ngodi phfl Idp patm mdu nflu sdm. Kfch tfiudc: dudng kfnh 1,1cm - 1,2cm, ddi 2,1cm - 2,9em, dudng ktah l3 0,5cm - 0,55cm (Anh 12).
- Phdc v^t vdng: 2 chile d hd H I . Mdnh phdc vdt mdu tt&ig ngd, ngodi phfl patfa mdu xdm bdng. Vdng dupe t^o bfing 1^ tfiudt khoan tdch lOi ttr hai mJt, nhung chfl y l u vSn ttfin mft mflt. Phdn mflt ttong cua vdng chua dupe mdi. Kfch tfiudc: dudng kfnh 3,8cm - 4,8cni, rOng bdn 0,5cm - 0,6cm, d ^ 0,6cm - 0,8cm.
- LOi vdng, ldi khuyfin tai, nhdn: 22 chile ( H I : 10 chile; H 2 : 3 chile; H 3 : 5 chile; H 4 : 4 chile), dupe ldm ttr dd mdu xdm frflng, frfing ngd, xdm vdng; phfl patfn mdu ngd vflng, nhilu chd cd mdu xdm den. Kich tfiudc: Aidng kfah 3,1cm - 4cm, ddy 0,6cm - 1,3cm.
Khdocd hpc. sd 6/2012
- Hifn vdt chua xdc djnh: 5 chile (HI: 3 chile; H2:2 chile).
11.6. Dd nguyin li^u
- Dd nguyfin lifu ehl tdc mflt khoan: 2 chile (HI: I chile, H3:1 chile).
- Ludi, ddc, tfifln rlu, bfln, dye: 14 chile (HI: 7 chile, H2:2 chile, H3:3 chile, H 4 : 2 chile).
- Dd ngujfn Ufu chl tdc riu, bdn, dye: 60 chile (HI: 34 chile, H2:14 chile, H3:6 chile, H4:6 chile).
3.2. Bi gim
3.21 G(JmcAdc(kiluPhflngNgiQ«)muOn):340mdnh(Hl: IBS mdnh, H2:IOOmdnh.H4:55 mdnh).
-Mifng: 254 mdnh vdi 42 kilu ddng.
- Chfln dl: 12 mdnh, gdm 2 kilu ddng:
- Hoa vfin: Trong sd 74 mdnh thfln dupe frang fri 2 logi hoa vfin: vfin k^ thudt vd vfin trang trf.
- Vfin k; thuflt (vfln thflng): 12 mdnh diu Ifl logi tfiCmg vtta, nfim song song vdi nhau, gidng nhu nhttng mdnh gdm trang ttf vfin thimg thudng thdy ttong giai dogn Phifag Nguyfin muOn.
• Vfin trang tri: 62 mdnh, cd cdc dd dn nhu: nhitag ddi chtt S nhd tdch rdi nhau hay vdj d& dn ddi xttng phflc tgp. Vdn sdng nude kit hpp vdi dudng khfic 10m vd bfing chdm ddi, vfin hfah Id nflm xifin bfin trong ed chdm ddi kit hpp vdi nhftag bdng chdm ddi. Ngodi ra cd nhitag bfing dd dn khfic chhn chdm ddi hoflc vdi dudng thfing xifin song song hay cfit nhau tgo 0 trdm... (Anh 13).
3.2.2 Gdm xdp (kilu Trdng Kfinh): 7012 mdnh (HI: 3600 mdnh; H2: 2742 mdnh; H3: 170 mdnh; H4: 500 mdnh). Trong s& dd 1500 mdnh mifng, 100 mdnh chfin vd 5412 mdnh tfidn.
- Mifng: 1500 mdnh. gdm 39 kilu ddng (Anh 14).
- Chdn dl: 100 mdnh vdi 11 kilu ddng.
- Hoa vdn: 6.616 mdnh, trong dd cd 1.559 mdnh cd hoa vfin chilm 23,56% (so vdi tdng sd mdnh gdm xdp). Chflng gdm 2 logi: vfin k^ tfiuflt vd vfin frang frf. Vfin k^ diudt dupe chfa ra Idm nhilu kilu khdc nhau: vfin thimg thfl tgo song song, vdn thimg thd tgo d trdm... T^ If logi hoa vfln ndy rdt cao so vdi tdng sd mflnh gdm ed hoa vfln, fagi hoa vfin ndy tfiudng frang fri frte tfifln, ddy hifn v f t E)fc bift nd cdn dupe frang fri trfin mflt logi mifng dttng.
Vfin trang frf gdm cd vfin khfic vgch vd vfln fa chdm. Vfln khfic vgch hfah Id hay fagi Unh chtt nhdt ddi. h ^ , hai ddu hoi cong ldi, x i p tdch rdi tfidnh hai hdng so le nhau, fr^g fri d gdn mifng v i lofi hoa van khfle vgch dd dn ddi xtJmg i^iie tgp...
3.23. Gdm chdc (kilu Mdn Bgc): 15 mdnh d hd HI (5 minh mifng, 7 minh tfiin).
- Mifng: 5 mdnh, gdm cttng mdu dd ndu. Thdnh mifng dflng, mfip ngodi mifng vudt hoi itfipn, mflt mifng vdt vdo frong, mfip mifng bfin trong vfi b i n , Idng mifng cong. Kfch thude: dudng kfah mifng 26cm, mifng ddy 0,8cm.
- H o a van: 10 mdnh frang tri vfln thttng vtta.
3.2.4. Bigdm: 4 vifin (HI: 2 vifin; H2:1 vifin; H3:1 vifin). Bi gdm mdu xdm trfing, nfiu dd, nflu xdm. Kfch tfiudc: dudng kfnh ttr 1.3em din 2em.
4. Giai dogn muOn (khodng 2000 - 2700 BP) 4.1.DdgSm
Gdm kilu Dttdng Cd: 10 mdnh.
Trjnh Hodng Hifp va cfng sy - Tham dd, khai quit dl tfeh Ddu Rdm..
S.Difclif^2-h6Hi 9. B^c ioifi 4-hOH2 jff. ydng tofi i-hiH4
Khio ci htc, td moil
r. l.vm.iullB): 241, IH. Ua„fi l!„tf'llfllU>: UH+lIf ^y (,ui„ (ll U ^H ,• UU
12. Thrp-SHchBinKim 2e.Uom3Un>:2t9 2I.H(iamphlinlH4Ui):299 (Sir. Ifp ar Ml, )
.4nh Truung HOu nghia 2009 - Mifng: 5 manh. Thdnh mifng khum, mfip ngodi mifng vfi frdn. mflt mifng vdt vdo trong.
thdnh trong cong; phia ngodi phdn ndi vdi tfifin vudt tgo gd ndi nhd.
- Hoa vfln: 5 mdnh, trang frf vfin tfiCmg thd vd vdn nhfln td ong.
4.2. Di ding 4.2.1. Cdng cy sdn xudt:
- Rlu: 5 chile d hd H4, gdm cdc logi sau:
+ Rlu lufti xfio: 2 chile (Anh 15.16).
Trinh Hoing HItp vi cjug »y - Th»m <I6, kh«l quti dl Uch D<u Mm... 27
+ Rlu luOi dm: 1 chi^. Rlu bj vO dr m9t m9t vi i, mOt gdc luoi. Rla c9nh rlu td hgng d ^ luOi khi thing, luOi \o6, g6c luOi nh^n i, hai b£n. Hpng riu gdn hlnh thang, 18 tra ch6t him cin it hai m$t.
M$t lu{H hai b£n khi cin d6i. M$t cit ngang h^ng hlnh clip. Kich thutSv: dii toin b$ S,Scm, dii h^ng 3,6ctn, rOng hpng 4,1cm, i^ng luOi dm lai 4,5cm, diy hpng 1,1cm.
- LuOi ciu: 1 chiSc (Anh 17).
4.2.2. Do diing sinh hogi:
-Minhthgp: lSminhAh6H4r.^n/i;s;.
- Minh chin blnh: 7 minh.
4.2.3. VSkhi:
-Qiio:\ctuic(Anhl9).
- Lao: 1 chi&:« hi H3 (Anh 20).
- T&n che ngvic (bO tfim phi^n): 3 minh b h6 H4 (Anh 21).
4.2.4. DS tnmg siic
- V&ng tay: 1 minh. Minh vdng thuOc loai don giin, khdng dupe ti-ang tri hoa vin, khdng cd gd
n6i ho$c chim, cd m9t cit ngang thfln hinh tidn. Vdng cd miu xanh do bi han gi, ngoii miu niu den.
Kich diudc: dudng kinh ngoii 6,4cm, diy 0,3cm.
4J.DisSI
-Mai:2chi&fth6H4.
- Ngoii ra cdn cd 31 minh ddng vi 2 minh sit 5. Tin tich thiic in
Vd nbiiyin «A (nude ngpt): 1464 minh; vd nhuySn thS (niidc mjn vi nude ip): 2000 minh;
xuong, ring ddng v$t vi 1kg xuong ci.
6. Ngudn g6c, niSn dfi, chii nbin vi dii sdng kinh tl x9 bOi
6.L NguSa gic, niin dfivan hda Ha Long cd 2 giai doan phit tiidn sdm, mudn. Giai dogn sdm nim trong khoing 4500 - 4000 nam, giai do?n mudn khoing 4000 BP - 3 500 BP. Nhu vJy, cd thd coi nhu thdi didm kdt thdc ciia i * hda H? Long dS budc vio thdi d»i Kim khi. Thd nhrnig su tfdp ndi thdi d?i Kim khi sau van hoi Ha Long d vdng ven bidn Ddng Bic nhtt thd nio cho ddn nay v3n chua dupe xic djnh mdt cich rd ring.
Chdng la bidt ring vio nbSng nam 1960 -1970 dS phit hijn mdt di chi - xudng phin bd ngoii trtrt d xa Minh Ddc, huy^n ThuJ NguySn (Hii Phdng) li dia didm Tring Mnh. Nhidu y kidn da xdp di chl - xudng Tring K6nh vio gUi doan Phdng NguySn mudn - Ddng DSu sdm (Nguyln Kim Dung 1997:244;
Bdi Vinh 2002). Sau khai qu9t lin did tu Nguydn Kim Dung nhjn xit:"... Ldp ttta cda di chi, cdng loai
gdm Td Son vdi tf 1? it, di thdy khi nhidu gdm io tiing mdc, pha cit khi thd, hoa vin nhin tin ong hay
van thdng thd. Nhu vJy, cd thd thiy cic cu din mudn thudc giai doan Ddng Son cdng di tham gia vio
qui trinh cu chidm tai diy" (NguySn Kim Dung 1997: 244). Tuy nhidn, cdng cin nhdn mjnh mdt lin
ntta ring d Tring Ktah cd loai gdm chd dao li gdm xdp, xuong gdm pha mdt lupng nhit djnh vd
nhuySn thd tao l5 i«ng trong xuong vi Ufti bd m?t io gdm, nhung dd rdng xdp khdng bing gdm xdp
Khdo cShge, ad 612012
"bich quy" cfla vfln hda Hg Long. Cd ngudi gpi logi gdm xdp kilu Trdng Kfinh niy ti gdm xdp nflng (NguySn Vift 2002).
COng gidng nhu d Trdng Kfinh, D I U Rflm, frong ting vfln hda cfla cdc di tich Hg Long muOn cOng tdn tfi mOt logi gdm chfic bfin cgnh gdm xdp. Tit nhifin Id logi gdm chflc bao gid cflng cd tj* If rit tfilp so vdi gdm xdp frong timg di chi. MOt diiu tfifl vj td khi nghifin cflu so sdnh dd gdm TYdng Kfinh.
D I U Rim (giai dogn sdm) vdi dd gdm frong vfln hda Hg Long, chflng tt^i d8 nh$n ra mOt sd kilu mifng mdi Hln tfifln d frong nhdm di tfeh Hg Long muOn (di ehl Bfli Bin). Dd Id kilu mifng loe m i d |rfiln dudi mfip mifng cd d ^ ndi mOt gd dugrc vudt nhpn vd hoi xifin xudng. Nhttng gd dflp ndi vd cd vudt nhpn xifin xudng, chua hfln dfi tgo thdnh mifng nhu logi mifng mii frfin dd gdm di ehl D I U Rfim, Trdng Kfinh. Song dfi tfil hifn mOt kilu mifng mdi so khai, cd mflt frong dja tdng vfln hda Hg Long vd nhilu khd nfing dfi phdl friln thdnh logi mifng mdi cfla gdm xdp dl chi D I U Rfim, Tring Kfinh sau ndy. Ngodi ra cdn nhilu logi hlnh mifng gdm khdc nhu mifng dflng, mifng khum gfiy, mifng loe... d Tring Kfinh vd D&u Rfim dupe phdt friln tti logi hlnh eflng kilu ding it Cdi Bfio (Idp Q ^ ) , Ddng Ddi (Ldng Bang)...
(Trjnh Hodng Hifp, Phgm Thj Ninh 2001:492-513).
Dja dilm hang Sd Chuyin (Qudng Nmh) cdch di tfeh D I U Rflm chua d ^ 10km tfieo dudng chun bay qua mOt vflng biln ndng, hpp. Mflc diu di tfeh bj phd hogi nghifim trpng do vifc khai thdc dd, nhung tgi ddy cde nhd khdo ed cflng thn ra diu tfeh ting vfin hda Id dit toi den. chfla nhilu vd sd dc, xuong lflng ddng vflt, di tfeh than tro tuong t^r nhu dfi tfm thiy d D I U Rflm. Nghifin cflu suu tflp di vflt dd v i dd gdm suru tim dupe tfi hang Bd Chuyin, Bfli Vmh eho rfing: "... Bd Chuyin Id mOt di dif cu frfl - xudng thuOe vdn hda Phflng Nguyfin vd cd si^ tuong ddng vdi di chl cu tru - xudng Tring Kfinh, cOng nhu Idp dudi di chi D i u Rfim, khdng chi v l logi hhih dd dd md cdn ed v l dd gdm" (Btti Vmh 2002).
Neu vdn hda Hg Long cd ngudn gdc bdn dja thl ed thl giai dogn sdm dja dilm Trdng Kfinh, D I U Rflm, nfli Chflm Chdt, Hang Song, Md Chudng vd hang Bd Chuyin ed cflng ngudn gdc Id phdt frib ttt vfln hda Hg Long (giai dogn muOn) Ifin. Theo Hd Httu Nga, Nguyln Vfin Hio: "... Vfln hda Hg Long bao gdm 2 giai dogn sdm vd mudn diu thuOc vdo Hflu Viy Dd mdi. Cfln ctt vdo s\i dao dOng cfla m\ic nude biln, chflng tdi eho rflng vdo khodng 5000 BP biln Holocene Tnmg dgt tdi c\ic dgi vd dfly Id lflc vfln hda Cdi Bfio gidi tfil cdu trttc cfla nd d l din din hbih tfidnh mOt nln vfln hda mdi. VI v$y, chflng titi cho ring nifin dgf khdi diu cho log! hhih Thoi Giing vdo khodng 4500 nfim, hofc sdm hon mOt chflt Sau Holocene Tnmg, vdo khodng 4000 BP Igi cd mOt dpt biln tiln ntta. Theo so dd cfla Faiibndge, rtofc nude c^c dgi cttng Id +3,5m d l rdi sau dd btin lfli din. Dfly chfnh Id giai dogn v i n hda Hg Long cd nhttng ddi tfiay Idn, dflc bift li nhttng dpt chuyin cu v i nhttng biln dOng khdc din tdi sv kit tfiflc cfla nln vfln hda ndy vdo khodng 3500 BP" (Hd Httu Nga, NguySn Vfln Hdo: 217).
Kit qud phfln ttch C'* d Trdng Kfinh eho tfiiy nifin dgi t ^ tgi frong Idiodng tfidi gian ttt 3400BP din 3000 BP (Phgm LJ Huong, NguySn Quang Mifin 2000). Nifin dgi ndy ttrong duong vdi giai dogn Phttng Ngi^fin muOn vd cd tfil l i tfidi dilm md diu cfla TYdng kfinh, giai dogn sdm dja dilm Diu Rfim, nfli Chdm Chdt, Hang Song, Md Chudng v i hang Bd C h i ^ . Tuy nhifin, di tfdi n i o trong cdc di ttch trte ra ddi frudc d l rdi sau dd trong <iud trfaih phdt friln cua mbih da cd nhttng lin di ddn ra cdc khu vyc xung quanh d l tgo nfin mOt vflng vfln hda vdi sfic tfidi vfin hda rifing: giai dogn sdm vdi dflc frung ndi frOi nhit cfla nhdm di tich ndy Id tfnh chit di chi - xudng chl tdc cdng cy vd dd trang sflc bfing dd; dd gdm xdp chilm sd lupng Idn vdi kilu mifng mdi dflc tnmg v i hoa vfln htaih Id, hlnh chtt nh$t dii hpp, hai diu hm cong ldi, xip tich rdi nhau tfiinh hai hing so le... vd mOt ft gdm cflng kilu Phflng Nguyfin (muOn), ^ n
Trjnh Hodng Hifp v i cpng s y - Thftm dd, khai quflt di lich B i u Rdm... 29 mdu den chl pha cdt mjn, cflng chflc kilu Ttt Son (Bic Nmh); gdm cflng mdu dd nfiu kilu Mdn Bgc (logi
I). D i n giai dogn muOn Id di chl - mO tdng vdi nhttng dflc frung v l cdng C\L sdn xuit, vfl khl ddng vd dd gdm vfln tfiflng "nhfin td ong" kilu £)udng Cd (TVjnh Hodng Hifp. Phgm Thj Ninh 1999:157-160).
Ddi vdi vfln hod Philng Nguyfin: thdng qua logi hlnh di vflt dd dd vd dd gdm dfl gdp thfim tu lifu v l vifc nghifin cflu logi hlnh dgng vfln hod Phflng Nguyfin d vttng ven biln Ddng Bflc. Nhu chiing ta diu bilt mOt sd di tfeh dang dupe dua ra xem xfit d l gidi quylt vin d l v l mdi quan hf cfla cu dfln Philng Nguyfin vdi nhthig ngudi sdng trudc vd eflng thdi vdi Phflng Nguyfin. Th\rc chit vin d l d dfly khfing ehl Id tbn hilu mdi quan hf md cdn Id vin d l ngudn gdc cfla vfin hod Phttng Nguyfin dd Id ede di tfeh: Diu Rfim, Bd Chuyin (Qudng Nmh), Trdng Kfinh (Hii Phdng), Nfli Hai, Nfli Hd (Nam Djnh), Mdn Bgc, Ginh (Nmh Bbih), Cdn Chfin Tifin (Thanh Hod). Theo quan dilm cfla mOt sd nhd nghifin ettu tfil cdc di tieh ndy nfim trong logi hlnh duyfin hdi cfla vfin hod Phflng Nguyfin.
Nhilu nhd nghifin ettu cho rfing cdng xudng chl t i c dd frang sflc Trdng Kfinh Id mOt dja dilm ddnh diu sif lan rOng cfla vfln hod Phflng Nguyfin ra phfa biln vd dja dilm Bd Chuyin, D i u Rdm, Trdng Kfinh, Bfli TV (Bfic Ninh) tfiuOc vfin hod Phflng Nguyfin.
Hifn nay cd nhilu nhd nghifin ettu khi sttdvmg khdi nifm "lan tod" cfla vfln hod Phflng Nguyfin, nhung khdng x ^ cdc di tfeh tfiuOc dgng ndy (Trdng Kfinh, D i u Rflm) vdo van hod Phflng Nguyfin. Bdi vl, chfl nhfln Ifo nfin cdc di tfeh n ^ khdng chi Id cu ddn PhCmg Nguyfin md cdn cd nhflng ngudi dja phuong - noi ngudi Phflng Nguyfin din. Hon nfln, dflc frung vfin hod cfla cdc di tfeh ndy ngodi cdc ylu td Phflng Nguyfin cdn cd nhflng y l u td khdc Phflng Nguyfin. Vdi ngudn br lifu hifn cd: Trdng Kfinh, nfli Chdm Chdt, Md Chudng, Hang Song, D i u Rflm, Bd Chuyin cho chflng ta tfiiy dja bdn phdn bd dflm ddc cfla logi Unh di tfeh ndy ttt vflng Thuy Nguyfin (Hii Phdng) din vflng Yfin Hung (Qudng Ninh).
Theo chflng tdi vdi ngudn t u lifu hifn nay cd tfil khing dinh ^ a i dogn sdm di tfeh Trdng Kfinh, D i u Rdm, nfli Chflm Chdt, Hang Song, Md Chudng vd hang Bd Chuyin khong phdi l i nhttng dja diem ddnh diu svr lan tda cfla van hda Phflng Nguyfin ra phfa biln, md ylu td Phflng Nguyfin (mudn), kilu Ttt Son, kilu Mdn Bgc cd mflt d nhdm di tfeh ndy chi mang tfnh chit giao luu - ttao ddi. Trong qud binh phdt triln cfla mtah nhdm eu dfln ndy da cd nhttng dpt di ddn ra cde khu vvrc xa hon md bfing chttng hp dfi tfiam gia vdo qud blnh phdt friln di tich Mdn B ^ - Ninh Btah (giai dogn muOn) (Trjnh Hodng Hifp 2010:196).
D i n pm dogn muOn da tfil hifn svr lan tda cfla cu ddn van hda Ddng Son din khu wrc ndy.
Theo Pham Thj Nmh: "DSy mdi dfch tfivrc Id su Man rdng ra phfa b i l n ' cfla \ ^ hda Dfing Son ttt ddng bflng Sfing Hdng, tfi^ chf ttt ddng bang Sdng Ma, Sfing Cd" (Phgm Thj Ninh 2003:28-46).
Chflng ^ i cho ring ed ttil da din lflc xdc 1 ^ mOt nln vfln hda mdi mang tfin vfln hda Trdng Kfinh vdi nhflng dflc b u n g vfin hda, phgm vi phfln bd d vflng ven biln Dfing Bflc. Nifin dgi vdn hda ndy gdm 2 giai dogn sdm vd muOn. Giai dogn sdm cd nifin dgi khodng 3400 BP, hoflc sdm hon mOt chflt;
giai doan mu0n khodng 2000 BP - 2700 BP.
6.2. Chd nhdn
Dvra vdo so sdnh mdt sd kich tfiudc xuong hdm dudi d cdc dja dilm Cdi Bfio, Soi Nhvi, Ang Gifta md cdc nhd nghifin ettu cho rflng ed dflc dilm cfla ngudi Auttalo - Melanfisien hay Melanfisien tfii xuong hdm dudi d dja di&n D i u Rflm bfi hon nhilu, mang ddng d i p ctta hdm Mongoloid. Nghifin ettu
30 Khdo cdhgc, ad6/2012 htah tfidi xuong hdm v i rflng 6 D I U Rflm tfiiy vfla cd nfit Ausfraloid Igi vflra cd nfit Mongolokl (Ngi^rin K i m T h f l y l 9 9 9 : 5 7 - 6 0 ) .
Theo Phgm Thj Ninh: "Trong qud trinh htah tfidnh vd phdt trikn dd khdng tfil khdng k l din svi ddng gdp cfla cu dfln vfln hda Nam Ddo (Austronesian). Hp da din Ivi cu tfi vflng ven biln E>dng Bflc Vift Nam vdo budi diu tfidi dgi Kim khl v i dfi m diu i n frong k^ tfiuflt sin xuit dd Q ^ g stte bing d i ngpc, gdp phin khdng nhd vdo vifc tgo dvmg con dudng phdt triln dOc ddo cfla thdi dgi Kun khf khu vvic ven biln Ddng Bflc" (Phgm Thj Nmh 2005:28-46).
6.3. DM sdng kinh ti-xa hpi
Theo v a Thl Long: "Xuong rflng dOng vft rdi rdc frong hd HI ttt ldp 1 din ldp 7. Hiu hit nhihig xuong ndy da bj dflp vd d l liy tfly. Trfin nhilu xuong cdn luu Igi vlt lira chdy hoflc vlt dao chflt vdo xirong khi ngudi xua rdc thjt. Kit qud gidm djnh dupe nhu sau: Ldp thfl (Mammalia); Hp Ipn (Suidea); Lpn nhd (Sus scrofa dom.); Lpn rttng (Sus scrofa); Hp huou (Cervidae); Huou (Cervus sp.);
Hoing (Muntiacus muntjak); Hp bd (Bovidae); Dfi (Carpricomis sumatraensis); Hp chd (Canulae); Chd nhd (Canis familiaris); Hi? kht (Cercopitheculae); Khl (Macaca sp.); Ldp chim (Aves); G i (Gallus?);
Ldp bd sdt (Repdlia); Rfla biln chua djnh logi; Ldp cd (Pices) gdm nhilu lodi cd chua x i c dptfi, trong dd cd ed mflp, ed sgo. Ngodi ra, trong di chl cd rit nhilu vd trai de nude mfln do ngudi xua tfiu tfi^ v l fin vd bd lfi.
Qua cdc di tfeh xuong cd frong di ehl, ed tfil thiy rd d d ^ dfi xuit hifn chfin nudi md chtt ylu li Ipn vd chd. Hiu hit cde xirong Ipn frong di chl diu ed kfch tfiudc hiong duong vdi kfch thudc lpn nhd vi cd t^ If Ipn stta khd cao. Rflng Ipn rflng chilm ^ If tfiip d di chf niy. COng cd tfil cu dfln dfi nuOi c i dfi vd gd. Trfin nhilu mdnh xuong chd, cd tfil tfiiy rO cdc vlt chflt hoflc dfp ^ y rflng, dfp vO sp... dilu dd chttng td ngudi Diu Rdm xua khdng chf nufii chd d l gitt nhd ho^c tfieo ngudi di biln m i e t a fln cd tfijt chd ntta.
Cttng vdi lpn, d di chi ndy, xuong chd cflng chilm mOt ty If khd cao. Cic k>gi tfifl rttng nhu khl, huou, h c ^ g chl chilm mfit ^ If rit tfiip. Dilu dd chflng td hogt dOng sfln bfin ctta cu dfln Diu Rflm frong giai dogn ndy ft phdt friln md hp dfi cd mOt cuOc sdng hrong ddi dn djnh hon. Nhttng xuong cd v i nhttng Idp vd bai dc biln rii rdc frong hd khai quft cho tfiiy khai tfidc biln, ddnh bflt c i li mOt frmg nhOng hogt dfng sdng quan ttpng efla cu dfln E)iu Rflm d vdo giai dogn ndy (Vfl Thi Long 2003:29 - 30).
Djnh cu Iflu ddi d vflng ven biln, dilmg frudc biin v i ttng xtt vdi biin, ngudri Diu Rfim cdn cd cdc nghi tfifl cdng dgt frinh dO khd cao. Dd Id nghi Idm gdm. nghi Idm dd dd v i nghi dft, dan Idt..
Trong dd chl tdc dd Id hogt dOng quan frpng hing diu cfla cu dfln D i u Rflm. Ngudi cd dS chpn v i stt dvmg nhilu logi dd khdc nhau d l chl tdc cfing cvi sdn xuit, vfl khl v i dd frang stte, nhu dd bazalt. diabaz, nepherite, quartzite, spilite, jasper, dd sa tfigch vd cuOi sdng. D i bazalt dupe stt dvmg chl tdc efing cy cd kfch fliude Idn nhu rlu, cudc; dd nephrite chfl y l u d l chl tfo dd frang sflc; dd sa tiigch cit kit sfl dvmg Idm ludi cua, bdn mdi; dd jasper dflng lflm mfli khoan. Phdi ndi tfifim Mng d i nepherite cdn dupe stt dvmg ldm riu, bOn, dye cd kich tfiudc to, vtta v i nhd. Nhu vfy, rt ring ngudi cd fliu Rfim hilu rti tfnh nflng cfla tung logi dd nfin dfl ehpn tflng logi dd tfifch hpp cho tttng lofi cOng cvi.
Svr phdt friln cfla nfing nghifp vd nghi tfifl cdng Id nhttng co sd cho nguiri D i u Ram giao luu vdi cdc khu vvie khdc nhu vflng ven biln Ddng Bflc vd luu vvrc SOng Hdng. Bfing chttng v l svr tfiam gia cfla cu dfln vttng duyfin hii Ddng Bdc (Tiing Kfinh, D i u Rim) 6 di tich Mdn Bgc (giai dogn muOn).
Chtah ndng nghifp vd cdc nghi tfifl cdng Id nln tdng vttng chflc d l cu dfln f)hi Rfim djnh cu Ifiu ddi.
Trjnh H o i n g Hifp v i c$ng s y - Thftm dd. khai q u i t dl lich P d u R i m . .
M9c dfl chflng ta cdn chua rd vj frf vd ciu OUc nhd cfla ngudi D I U Rfim cd nhu tfil ndo, nhung chflng hi cd tfil htah dung rit^O cdnh quan mfii frudng sinh tfidi cfla D i u Rim khi xua. Ddy Id mOt ldng cd cd dja - cdnh quan dpp, nhilu hang, mdi dfl, gin biln, sfing ngdi, d i m hd, nfli rflng, thufln Ipi cho vifc di Igi, dit dai ddng ruOng r i t tfifch hpp cho vifc eiy Ifla nude vd frdng cdc logi cfly rau mdu.
Nhilu lofi cfing ey sdn xuit, vfl khf vd c i c logi dd frang sflc, ngodi chttc nflng thvrc dyng, cdn Id nhflng tdc phim fliyc sy. Phin Idn cdng cy. vQ khf v i dd frang stte d i u c6 dgng htah vudng vdn, dirpc khoan, mdi trau chudt, nl&i bdng vd xinh xin. Dd frang stte D i u Rim khfing chi Idm bflng dd ngpc vdi nhilu mdu sflc dpp, khdng chl nhilu v l sd lupng md cdn nhilu v l logi hhih vd kilu ddng, nhu nhttng chile vdng tilt difn hhih chtt nhft dflfng, htah chtt D, hbih vuflng...; hgt chudi htah fry, htah ddng xu, khuyfin tai v i nhSn... Nhttng dd frang sue ndy ngodi J nghTa Id v$t frang fri Idm tflng tfifim vfi d^p, cdn cd thl mang ^ nghia nhu mOt tfifl "btta" frtt ma q u j dem lgi hgnh phflc cho mtah. Vj frf cdc logi d l frang stte frong nhttng ngdi mfl cho chflng ta bilt vdng trang sflc deo d tay, cdn hgt chudi, hgt cudm dupe xflu vdo ddy thdnh vdng deo vdo cd... Vifc phdt hifn dupe dd trmg site khdng chi d frong ting eu frfl m i cd trong cdc mO ting chflng td cu ddn D i u Rim quan nifm sy tdn tgi cfla mOt thl gidi cfla ngudi ehlt.
Ngodi dd dd, dd xuong, dd ddng, dd sit, ngudi D i u Rflm cdn Id nhttng nghf nhdn ldm gdm vdi nhihig logi hbih dOc ddo v i sdng tgo, dd l i cdc logi bdt, bbih, cdc... Hoa vfin trang tri trfin dd gdm Diu Rdm phdn dnh hai khuynh hudng Ur duy ctta cu dfln cd d ddy. Khuynh hudng diu tifin Id td tfiyc nhttng vflt tfil xung quanh mtah vd gfin bd chflt chfi vdi ddi sdng hdng ngdy ctta mbih, dd Id nhflng hoa vfln Id edy, hoa vfin i n mfip vd sd, mai rfla... Phdi chfing, dfly Id nhflng ngdn ngtt bilu dgt v l mflt nln kinh t l ndng nghifp cua ngudi D i u Rfim. Khuynh hudng thtt hai Id so dd hod vd htah hpc hod ede vflt thl xung quanh nhu nhttng hoa vfln htah tam gidc, htah chtt nhflt, htah tfioi, chtt X, S...
Ddi sdng ttah tfiin efla cu dfln D i u Rflm cdn dupe thl hifn d quan nifm v l tflp tyc mai tdng ngudi c h i t Vdi tdng difn tfeh qua 3 mfla khai qugt Id 280m^, chi phdt hifn 2 phin xuong hdm dudi cfla di cdt ngudi (nflm 1998 vd hd H2 ndm 2009), nhthig di tieh mO tdng khdc cho dfl khfing edn xuong cdt nhimg trong mO deu dupe chdn theo dd ditag sinh hogt hing ngdy... Dilu ndy eho chflng ta thiy ngudi Diu Rflm cd quan nifm Id ngudi sdng sinh hogt nhu tfil ndo thl ngudi chit cung nhu vfly.
v l td chttc xa hOi: x u i t phdt ttt gdc dfi nghifin ettu logi htah mO tdng trong di tfeh Diu Rdm, chflng tfii nhfln tfiiy cdc mdi quan hf xfi hOi, thfln phfln v i dja vj xa hOi cfla timg cd tfil trong di tfeh.
Chflng ta c6 the nhfln thflc dupe xS hOi Diu Rflm tfidi ed ed td chflc khd chflt chfi. Bfing chflng Id cdc di tfeh mO dupe chfin cd td chflic, cttng vdi sy quan tflm din mO ting v i nghi thflc dfit dd tu^ tdng... Tuy nhifin, d khu vvic ndy cd t h l do chit d i t nfin khd bdo ^ n dupe di edt, hoflc eung cd tfil ngudi D i u Rflm cd mOt hlnh thttc chdn c i t ngudi q u i cd n i o khdc?.
Td chuc xfl hOi D i u Rflm cdn bflc 10 qua cdc dd tuj' tdng frong mO, sy quy djnh hofle quy udc dja vj cua ngudi qud ed d l chfin theo dd tap tdng. Nhfbig hifn vflt chfin theo da t h l hifn dja vj ctta chfl nhfln, hoflc cdc mdi quan hf vdi td chttc xfi hOi. Ddng thdi, sy phfln bd sd lupng dd tuy tdng It/nhilu cflng nhu cdc loai htah hifn vflt chfln tfieo qu^ gid hay blnh dfln dfl thl hifn rd sy phdn hod gidu/nghfio frong ting Idp xfi hpi cua ngudi D i u Rdm cd.
TAI LI$U DAN
HOANG XUAN CHIlffl 1987. v l sy ph5t triln ciia vfin hda thdi dgi D i mdi Vift N a m . / a d o cd'Ape, sd 4:6-10.
NGUYEN KIM DUNG, B O I THU PHU'ONG, TANG CHUNG 1997. Khai quflt mdi di ehi Trdng Kfinh Hai Phdng (12-1996). Trong Nhitng phdt hiin mdi vi khdo cd hgc ndm 1997. Nxb. Khoa hpc xa hOi, Hd NOi: 243-244.
Khdo cd hfc, id 612011
NGUYfiN KIM DUNO, BC|[ V A N HlftU, Bill THU PHU'ONO, N O U Y E N N O Q C Q U V , T R A N THJ THtlY H A , T R A N T R Q N O H A , NGUYfiN THU HUYfiN 2006. Khai quit lin thft II di chi Diu Rim (Quing Ninh). Trong Nhitng phdl hiin mdi vi khdo c6 hoc ndm 2005, Nxb. Khoa hoc Xfi h^i, HiN4i:lS2-IS4.
T R A N T H | T H O Y H A , NGUYfiN TH| KIM DUNO 20O7. Khio clhi t}p h«rp cira d i di chl Diu Rim (Quing Ninh), khai quit lln IhOr 2 (11/2005). Trong NMtng phdl hitn mdi vi khdo ci hoc ndm 2006. Nxb.
Khoa hoc Xfi h(i. Hi N^i.
T R A N TRQNG H A , BUI VAN LlfiM 1998. Di tich nil Diu Rim (Quing Ninh). Trong NUhig phdl hifn mil vi khdo ci hoc ndm 1997. Nxb. Khoa hoc xfi hW, Hi NJi; 250 - 252.
NGUYfiN V A N H A O 1989. Nhilng phit hl«n thujo thW dai D i m6i ciia Quing Ninh. Trong NhOng phdl hiin mil vi khdo ci hoc ndm 19SS. Nxb. Khoa hpc Xfi h«l. Hi N«l: 30-31.
TRINH H O A N G HlfiP, PH*M THI NINH 2000. Nghlbl cihi d i g4m dl chl Diu RJm (Quing Ninh). Trong Nhilng phdl hifn mii vi khdo ci hoc ndm /99S, Nxb. Khoa hgc x9 h«i. Hi N«i: IS7-160.
TRINH H O A N G HlfiP, PHAM THI NINH 2004. D i gim dl chl Diu Rim Hong h; thing gim o i ving ven biin DOng BSc V l ^ Nam. Trong Mdi Ihe liy Khda ci hoc Vi$l Nam, Tip I, Nxb. Khoa hgc Xfi h«i.
Hi N?l: 492-523.
TRJNH H O A N G HlfiP 2010. Di lich khdo ci hoc Mdn Bac (Ninh Binh). Lujn i n Tiin sT Lich til, Tu ll«u Vifn Khio c i hgc.
TRINH HOANG HIEP 2010. Man Bac site 8 Neolithic settlement in Northern Vietnam. In Cuthire Resource Sludies Asian Linkage Building Seminar 2010. Working papers. Graduate School of Human and Socio - Environment Studies Kanazawa Univeraity, Japan, jjp. 147-161.
NGUYfiN THU HUYfiN 2007. Vii nit v i d i Irang site di chi Diu RSm (Quing Ninh) qua cu?c khai qu$l lin II, 2005. Trong Nhirngphdl hifn mil vi khdo ci hoc ndm 2006. Nxb. Khoa hgc Xfi h^l. Hi N^l.
PHAM LY HUONG, NGUYfiN QUANG MifiN 2000. C<ic kil qud xdc dlnh niin lai lidng phiang phip Radio Cacbon a Vif I Nam vd mdi si nhdn xil. Tu lifu Vifn Khio cd hgc.
VU THfi LONG, H A HtfU NGA, D A O QUY C A N H , LAI V A N T 6 I 1999. EMiu tra khio c i hgc lai Quing Ninh. Trong Nh&ng phdt hifn mil vi khdo ci hoc ndm 7P99. Nxb. Khoa hQC Xfi h$l. Hi N^: 182-184.
VO THfi LONG 2003. Xuong ring d^ng vft 4 di chl Diu Rim (Quing Ninh). Trong Nhilng phdl hifn mii vi khdo ci hoc ndm 2002. Nxb. Khoa hgc xfi h^i. Hi NOI: 29-30.
PHAM THJ NINH, TRINH SINH, TRJNH H O A N O HlfiP 1998. Bdo cio khai qudl dl chi Diu Rim, sd Hodng Tin. Airy^n Yin Hung, linh Qudng Ninh, Tu lifu Vif n Khio c i hgc.
PHAM THI NINH, T R A N TRQNG H A 1999. Khai qufit di chl Diu Rjm (Quing Ninh). Ttong Nhilng phdl hifn mil ve khio ci hoc ndm 1998 Nxb. Khoa hgc xfi hOI, Hi Nil: 176-179.
PHAM THJ NmH 2003. Nghifn ciiu suu Ifip hifn vfit d i cia di chl Diu Rim (Quing Ninh). Trong Nhilng phdl hifn mil vi khio ci hoc ndm 2002. Nxb. Khoa hpc xfi h0l. H i NOI.
PHAM THI NINH 2005. Di tich Diu Rim - nhjn thiic mii v i thiri dgi Kim khi ft vCing ven biin DOng Bfic Vift Nam. Khio ci hoc, s i 5: 28-46.
H A HOtI NGA, NGUYfiN V A N H A O 1998. Hg Long Ihii Tlin si, Nxb. Thi Gifti.
Trjnh H o i n g Hifp vd c f n g s y - Thfim dd, khai qufit di tich P d u R i m . . . 35 TRUONG HUU NGHIA, TRJNH H O A N G H I $ P 2012. MO tdng di tich Diu Rfim (Qudng Ninh) khai qu^t
lin thtt 3 (nfim 2009). Trong Nhiing phdt hiin m&i vi khdo cd hpc ndm 2011. Nxb. Khoa hgc xa hOi, H i NOi.
NGUYfiN KHAC SU" 1995. Biln vdi cu ddn tiln stt vflng Ddng B5c. Khdo ci hgc, s6 4: 6-14.
NGUYEN K H A C SLT 1997. Vfin hda biln tiln stt Vift Nam: m6 hinh vd gid thilt. Khdo cd hgc, sd 3: 16-28.
NGUYEN K H A C StT (chfl bifin) 2005. Khdo c6 hgc viing duyin hdi Ddng Bdc Vi^t Nam. Nxb. Khoa hpc xa hfii, Hd NOi.
HA V A N T A N , T R A N Q U 6 C VUipNG 1961. So yiu khdo ci hgc r^uyin thuy Viit Nam. Nxb. GiSo dye, Hd NOi.
NGUYEN KIM THUY 1999. Di cdt nguiri cd d di chi Diu Rfim (Qudng Ninh). Trong Nhirngphdl hiin mdi ve khdo d hpc ndm 1998, Nxb. Khoa hpc xfi hfi, Hd NOi: 57-60.
N G U Y 6 N THU T H O Y . TRPJH SINH 2000. Vdi nhfln xfit v l nhttng hifn vflt kim lo^i 6 dja diem Diu Rfim (Qudng Ninh). Trong Nhiing phdl hiin mdi vi khdo ci hgc ndm 1999, Nxb. Khoa hpc Xfi hOi, Hk Npi: 160-162.
T 6 N G TRUNG TIN, TRJNH H O A N G H I S P , T R U O N G H O U N G H I A , NGUYfiN THJ H A O , DINH HAI TRUdNG 2009. Bdo cdo sa bd kit qud thdm dd. khai qudl dl tich khdo ci hpc Ddu Rdm (Qudng Ninh) idn thu 3 (ndm 2009). Tu lifu Vifn Khdo cd hpc.
BINH HAI T R U O N G , T 6 N G T R U N G T I N , TRINH H O A N G H I $ P , TRl/ONG HOXJ N G H I A , NGUYEN THI H A G 2011. Dia dllm khdo cd hpc nfli Chim Chdt, Md Chudng va Hang Song (Quang Ninh).
Trong Nhiingphdl hiin m&l vi khdo cd hpc ndm 2009. Nxb. Khoa hpc xfi h^i, Hd NOi: 149-151.
NGUYEN V I S T 2002. Tiln stt Quang Ninh trong khung ednh Tien stt Vift Nam vd Ddng Nam A. Bdi tham luan tai hgi thao Idioa hpc: Khdo cd hgc Qudng Ninh. nhgn thiic ljch su, bdo ton vdphdt huy tS sdn vdn hda BUI VINH 2001. Nhan phdt hifn hang Bd Chuyin (Quang Ninh) nhin lai nhdm di tich Phung Nguyfin d ven
biln Dong Bfic. Trong Tim hiiu vdn hod Phiing Nguyin, Nxb. Sd Vfin hod, Thdng tin v i Thl thao Phii Thg: 2 4 2 - 2 4 7 .
THE THIRD INVESTIGATION AND EXCAVATION AT D A U R A M (QUANG NINH) SITE IN 2009
TR!NH HOANG HI$P, TRUONG HGTU NGHIA, NGUYIN THj HAO Hid Phong, QuSng Ninh is an area where there are a lot of significant evidence of the national construction cind preservation of Vift Nam. The sites from this time have been found fairly abudantly, including T r ^ g Kfinh (HSi Phong), Dau R^m, ChSm Chot mountain, MS Chuong, Hang Song, Bo C h u y ^ (Quiuig Ninh). DSu R i m site is one of them that contributes to clarification of the national history.
There are 2 different stages of t h e D i u R i m site, about 3 0 0 0 B P - 3 4 0 0 BP, urhich was a workshop- burial site Cm the same horizon wdth the late Phttng NguySn - culture stage), similar and witti the same content a s Tr&ig KSnh (HSi Ph6ng) - settlement - workshop site, Cham Chot mountain, MS Chu6ng, Hang Song, Bd Chuyen (QuSng Ninh) sites. Not until 3 0 0 0 B P - 3 4 0 0 BP, the D i u R i m site was a workshop - burial site from the D6ng Sdn culture ff^iJ^g C 6 period - S6ng H6ng type).
Therefore, t h e site contributes to the research into the historical period of the two important stages in the national consfructlon and preservation: Phttng Nguy&i v^ Dong Scfti.