KT NIEM 70 NAM CACH MANE THANE TAM ¥A QUOC KHAHH2-0(1945-2015)
QUOC DAN DAI HOI TAN TRAO - DAI HOI MANG TAM VOC UCH SUT CUA QUOC HOI VIET NAM
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ach day fidn 70 nam, vao ngdy 16 17/8/1945, Qude dan Oai hdi - ttt viet tat cda Oai hpi dai bleu qudc dan - dai hdi mang tam vdc eda mpt Qude hdi lam thdi da duoc tridu tap tai Tan Trdo, Tuyen Quang. Day la mdc son danh da'u bude ngoat trong ijch sfl each mang Viet Nam. Quyit djnh trieu tap Qude ddn Oai hpi trong thfli diem ijch sfl quan trpng nay la mdt sang tao tai tinh, the hien sir nhay ben trude thfli cudc cda Chu tjch Hd Chf Mlnh trong vide van dung va thuc thl tttng bttfle tu tttflng ddn chfl ngay trong tiln trinh dau tranh gianh quyen ddc lap ddn tde. Hoat dpng va nhung quyit sach cda Qude dan Dal hdi thuc su tieu bleu cho y chl each mang sdi sue cda nhan dan, eho y chf "dem sttc ta md ttt glal phdng cho ta' cda khdi dai doan kit toan dan tpc.Chieu ngay 16-8-1945, Dai hdi dai bieu qudc dan hpp fl Tan Trao - Tuydn Quang. Dai hdi dupc tien hdnh rat kha'n tmong de cde dai bilu cd t h l mang lenh khfli nghta ve eae dja phuong nhu yeu eau cua Chfl tjch Hd Chf Minh: Nen hpp ngay va cung khdng nen keo dai hdi nghj. Chflng ta can tranh thd tttng giay, tttng phut, tinh hinh chuyen biln nhanh chong. Khdng t h l d l Id co hpi.
Oai hdi dai bleu qudc dan da quyet djnh ba van de he trpng:
- Nhat tri tan thdnh chd truong phat ddng Tdng khfli nghta eda Dang va cfla Tdng bp Viet Mlnh;
- Thdng qua 10 chinh sach cda Viet Mlnh va hieu trieu ddng bdo tieh cue phan dau thuc hien, trong dd, diem mau chdt dau tidn la gianh la'y chinh quyen, xay dung mpt nuflc Viet Nam Dan chd Cdng hoa tren nen tang hoan toan ddc lap;
NGUYEN HAI YEN •
- Thanh lap Uy ban dan tpc giai phdng Vidt Nam do Hd Chf Minh lam Chfl tjch, Tran Huy Lieu lam Phd Chd tjch. Thttdng true uy ban gdm 5 ngttdi; Hd Chf Mfnh, Tran Huy Lfeu, Pham Van Ddng, Nguydn Luong Bang, Duong Ottc Hien va eae ddng ehf u j vien: Oang Xudn Khu, Vo Nguyen Giap, Chu Van Tan, Nguyen Van Xuan, Cd Huy Can, Nguydn Oinh Thi, Ld Van Hlln, Nguyin Chf Thanh, Pham Ngpc Thach, Nguyen HOu Dang...
Ddng thfli, Oai hpi cung quy djnh Qudc ky la la cd do cd ngdi sao vdng 5 canh b gitta, Qudc ea la bai 'Tien quan ca'.
Dai hpi b l mac vao ngay 1 7 - 8 - 1 9 4 5 trong khdng khf khfli nghta sue sdi. Trong budi l l b l mae, ra mat qude ddn tai dinh Tan Trad, thay mat uy ban dan tpc giai phdng Viet Nam, Chd tjch Hd Chf Mlnh da dpc ifll tuyen thd: 'Chflng tdi la nhttng ngttdi dupc Qudc dan dai bilu bau vao Uy ban dan tdc glal phdng de lanh dao cudc each mang cfla nhan dan. Trudc la ed thleng lleng cfla Td qude, chdng tdi nguyen kien quyit lanh dao nhan ddn tien len, ra sttc chiln dau chdng quan thu, gianh lai dpc lap cho Td qudc. Dfl phai hy sinh den glot mau eudl cung, khong lui budc. Xin t h l " " ' .
Cd t h l xem Qudc ddn Oai hdi Tan Trao c6 tam vdc Ijch sfl nhu la Qudc hdi dau tien cfla nude ta vi nhttng IS sau ddy:
Ve Vl tri, tinh chat: Qudc hdi la co quan dai bilu cao nhat cda Nhan dan: Qudc dan Oai hdi Tan Trao da phan anh nguyen vpng da'u tranh
n Chinh tri Khu vUc J.
14
/ - Hd Chi Minh. Bien niin tieu sic. N.xb. Chinh Iri Qud'c
||<I. Hd Ndi, 2005. Idp 2. tr 274.275,
TAP CHt GIAO DUC I Y IU,^N - SO 234 (9/2015)
KTHIEM 70 HAM CACH MANS THAHB TiM¥A 0U0CKHAHH2 -9(1945 • 2015)
gianh ddc lap cda nhdn dan Viet Nam, dap ttng quyen lpi ve ddn sinh, dan chd cfla nhan dan ta.
Vdi nhttng quyet djnh quan trpng cda minh, Qude ddn Oai hdi khdng chi eho fiiay bude phat trien cua each mang, md cdn dai didn cho y chi, nguyen vpng eda nhdn dan ea nude va lpi fch cfla dan tpc ta. Dieu kien ljch sfl dae biet cda dan tdc ta Id fien d l quan trpng cho vide ghi nhan Qude dan Oai hdi nhu la co quan quyen lire nhd nttdc cao nhat cda nhan ddn, dai bleu cao nhat eho y chi, nguyen vpng cfla cac tang Idp nhan ddn fi-ong ca nttdc fiude thdi khae Ijch sfl day bien ddng.
Ve c/iuc nang, nhiem vu: Qude hpi cd 3 chttc nang chinh: Chttc nang lap hiin, lap phap; chttc nang quyit djnh cac van de quan trpng eda dat nuflc: chttc nang giam sat tdi cao ddi vdi hoat ddng eua Nha nude. Tai Qudc dan Dai hdi Tan Trdo da thdng qua 10 chinh sdch eda Viet Minh, ve fiiuc chat la su ban bd luat phap each mang va cd the dupe coi nhu id hoat ddng lap phap dau fien cda nudc ta. uy ban dan tpc giai phdng cfla nuflc Viet Nam mdi duoc Qudc dan Oai hdi bau ra ngdy 16 - 8 -1945 la ngudi dai dien chdn ehinh, hpp phap duy nhat eua nhan dan Viet Nam d l thue hien nhttng quyit sach Idn cda cdng cudc cflu nudc va kiln qude; mdt Qudc hdi idm thdi hay md hlnh tien Qude hdi cfla nude ta. Tai Dai hpi qude dan eung quyit djnh van de trpng dai cfla dat nude Ifle ndy la ehflp thfli eo, tien hanh Tdng khfli nghta gianh ehfnh quyen trong pham vi ca nuflc.
Ve thanh phan va co cau (d chCrc: Qudc hdi gdm cac dai bieu dai dien eho cac tang ldp nhan ddn. Qudc hdi id sir thl hien rd nhat khdi dai doan ket dan tdc, dai dien cho trf tud cua dat nudc.
Tham du Qudc dan Dai hdi Tdn Trao cd hon 60 dai bieu cua ba mien Bac, Trang, Nam, dai dien cho cac dang phai chinh tri, doan fill quan chdng, dan tdc, tdn giao trong ea nuflc vd kieu bao d nudc ngoai. Tuy chi hoat ddng fi-ong mpt thdi gian ngin, nhung trinh tu td chttc ra cdc co quan lanh dao cfla Qudc dan Dai hdi vin dupc tiln hdnh tbeo nghi thttc cfla mdt ky hpp Qudc hdi. Ngoai TAP CHi GIAO Dgc L* LUAN - S6 234 (9/2015)
viec bau ra Ooan Chd tjch de dieu khien Oai hdi, hai ddng ehi Cu Huy Can va Khua't Duy Tiln la Thu ky doan. Dien biln cfla Qude dan Oai hpi dupc Thu ky doan ghi thanh bidn ban'^'.
Ve phuang thiic hoai dong: Qude dan Dai hdi Tdn Trao da sfl dung hinh thttc co ban va chd ylu trong phuang thttc hoat ddng cfla Qudc hdi, dd id chl dp hdi nghj. Cac boat dpng va nhttng quyit dinh cda Qudc ddn Dai hdi thuc sir bilu thj cho y chf, nguyen vpng cua nhan dan ta va id hinh anh cda khdi dai doan kit dan tdc, doan kit todn dan trong Mat tran Vidt Mlnh, dufli su lanh dao cda Dang, nham lap trung sttc Ittc fl thdi dilm dae biet quan trpng, d l dttng len gidnh ddc lap, gianh chfnh quyen ve tay nlian ddn.
Qude dan Dai hpi Tan Trao la mdt chd truong sang tao cda Oang va Chd tich Hd Chi Minh. Od dupe coi id Hpi nghl Dien Hdng lan thtt 2 trong ijch sfl nudc ta, the hien Idng fin son sac cfla nhan dan ca nudc ddl vfli Oang vd Chd tjch Hd Chf Minh. Qude dan Oai hdi Id mpt mdc son chdi lpi, mai mai dupc ghi vao Ijch sfl ve vang cda ddn tdc, la niem tu hao eda mpi thl he ngudi Viet Nam. Qudc dan Dai hpi Tdn Trao khdng nhttng gdp phan quan trpng tao nen thing lpi cda Cdch mang thang 8/1945 ma Nghj quyit cfla Qudc dan Oai hdi Tan Trao cdn tao ra nhttng eo sfl cho sir hlnh thanh va ra dfli cfla mpt the che nha nttdc mdi, dat nen mdng cho cudc Tdng tuyen cfl bau Qudc hdi va xay dung Hien phdp dau fien cda Viet Nam (1946), hinh thanh Nha nude dan chd nhan ddn dau fien fl Odng Nam A. Danh gia sir kien nay, Oai tuflng Vd Nguyen Giap khang djnh:
Qude dan Dal hpi Tan Trao cd y nghta la mdt Qude hdi ldm thfli, hay mdt tidn Qude hdi bfli vi each mang chtta thdnh edng. Qudc dan Oai hpi tao can ett phdp ly eho su ra ddi ehl dp cdng hod dan chd cfla nuflc ta, cho mpt Chinh phfl lam thdi cua nude Viet Nam Ddn ehfl Cpng hoa khi each mang da thanh cdng.ia
2 - Nguyen Vdn Mach. Nguyin Tii'n JMC. Tdn Trdo todn cdnh. Nxb. Vdn hod Tiidng tin. Hd Ndi. 2000, tr J86