Nguyin Thj Thuy Hign vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 106(06): 125- 129
NGHIEN CUtJ LTNG DUNG C 6 N G NGHE GIS TRONG CONG TAC QUAN LY QUY HOACH XAY DlTNG DO THI
Nguyin Thj Thuy Hien ,f>inh Viet Hung, Tru&ng Dgi hoc Ky Ihugt Cong nghiep - DH Thai Nguyen TOM TAT
Trong cong tdc quan ly quy hogch xSy dyng do thj 6 thdnh phd Thdi Nguyen, c6 mOt vdn de ldn Id cdc thdng tin dgng ban do quy hogch hien nay chii yeu thn tgi dudi danc tdi li^u gidy cdn cdc thfing tin lien quan khdc lgi phSn tdn, chua Hch hpp vdi thfing tin dang ban do de trd thdnh mot he thfing thong tin tong the. Viec nghien ciru irng dung cfing ngh? GIS da cho ph6p ngudi sir dung c6 thS truy cap cdc thong tin vdi k^t qua tir tfing hpp dfin chi tifit vi viec su dgng cong trinh hg tSng kJ thudt: cau, dudng, cdy xanh, c^p thodt nudc; cong trinh xay dung: ten chu hp, cap phep xay dung va tinh trgng xdy dung... trong do thj.
Tir khda. quan ly do ihi. quy hogch xdy dung, qudn ly quy hogch, GIS.
TONG QUAN
He thdng thdng lin dja ly (GlS-Geographic Information System) xuat hien tir nhirng nam I960 va eho den nay GIS da va dang duge ling dung rgng rai tren toan the gidi. Ve ca ban, GIS dya tren mdt ca sd dit lieu (CSDL) cd cau true, ed kha nang the hien dieu kien tu nhien, tai nguyen thien nhien, mdi trudng, tinh hinh phat trien kinh le - xa hpi eua mgl viing Ianh thd tren khia canh dia ly va theo thai gian Vdi each thirc quan Iy ti'ch hgp dir lieu khdng gian ddng ihdi vdi cac thudc tinh di kem ciing vdi nhirng cdng cy lien ket du- lieu, phan tich ket hgp, chdng xep du- lieu, GIS cho phep cae nha boach djnh chinh sach phan tich danh gia hien trang, dy bao luang lai, de xuat cac djnh hudng phal trien ben virng. GIS ciing hd trg phd bien thdng tin den ngudi dan mdt each thuan Igi va gdp phan nang cao tinh minh bach va tang eudng su iham gia eiia cdng ddng trong qua trinh lap quy hoach va giam sat thyc hien.
Tuy nhien, hogt ddng ung dung cdng nghe thdng tin (CNTT) trong edng tac quan ly quy hoach xay dung (QHXD) dd thj thdi gian qua nhin chung edn d mue khiem tdn, chua dap ling dugc het cac nhu eau quan Iy hien nay.
Ngoai ra, cac thii tyc trien khai, theo doi, bao cao van thyc hien thu edng gay ra sy rudm ra.
Tel. 0984436209. Email [email protected]
ton cdng sire, mat nhieu thdi gian ma hieu qua cdng viec khdng cao.
Trong cdng tac quan ly dd thj ndi chung va cdng tac quan ly quy hoach xay dyng do thj ndi rieng, cac thdng lin dang ban dd quy hoach hien nay van dang chii yeu tdn tai dudi dang lai lieu giay cdn cae thdng tin lien quan khac lai phan tan, chua tieh hgp vdi thdng tin dang ban dd de trd thanh mgt he thdng thdng tin tdng the. Vi the, cac nha quan ly gap khd khan trong viec dua ra quyet djnh ddi vdi cae bai toan ve quy hoach va quan ly quy hoach do khdng duoc eung cap day dii va khai thac hieu qua cac thdng tin ve do thj.
Cac nha quan ly can img dung GIS, mdt cdng cu hu'u hieu trg giiip eho cac cdp chinh quyen de dua ra quyet djnh chinh xac thdng qua viec thu thap, quan ly, phan tich va tich hgp thdng lin dja ly, de tich hgp eae thdng tin dang ban dd vdi eae d^ng thdng tin lien quan khae, xir ly thdng tin kjp thdi, phue vu qua trinh tra cii'u va khai thac thdng tin cho edng tac quan ly dd thj.
Vdi nhu'ng uu diem eua he thdng thdng tin dia ly GIS: nhap dii lieu, luu trir, truy van, phan tieh, hien thj va xual dir lieu cac thdng tin lien quan d8n quy hoach xay dyng thi viec nghien ciru irng dung cong nghe GIS trong cong tac quan ly quy hoach xay durng dd thj se giai quyet nhirng nhu cau thiet thue trong edng tac quan ly quy hoach xay dyng dd thj;.v.v..
125
Nguyin Thj Thu;^ Hien vd Dtg Tgp chf KHOA HOC & C 6 N G N G H $ 106(06): 125-129 XAY DUMG CAu TRUC CAC NHOM DU'
LIEU VA L 6 P D U L I $ U TRONG CSDL GIS Mgt trong nhung nhi?m vy ciia cdng lac quan ly quy hoaeh xay dyng dd thi la quan ly vi?c sir dyng ha tang k\ thugt, cdng trinh xay dyng, Igp va xet ban do quy hogch. Vdi myc liOu la lao sy lipn Igi, kinh li;, hai hda giiJa cac chirc nang ciia dd thj va cac moi quan hg ciia con ngirdi, Vi the, CSDL GIS trong quan ly QHXD dd thi c^n dugc xay dyng va hoan thipn gdm 4 nhdm Idp dii- lipu: (l)du- ligu nen va hanh chinh dd thj (kem thdng tin chung do thj); (2) dii- li?u sir dyng dAt dd thj; (3) dii lieu sir dung edng trinh ha t^ng do thj; va (4) dif lipu ve cdng irinh xiiy dyng trong dd thj va dugc the hien trong Bang I. Cac nhdm dQ- lieu dugc thu thap lir cac djnh dang ban dd khac nhau d (y le 1/5.000 va 1/10.000 da dugc bien tap, chuan hda va chuyen ddi ve djnh dang
AreGlS, sau dd tich hgp vdi thdng tin thugc tinh de hoan thien CSDL GIS quan ly quy hoach dd thj.
Vi?c thdng qua he thong thong tin de lien ket cac ca quan quan ly dd thj dja phuang se khac phyc nhQ-ng ton tai trong edng tac quy hogeh & quan ly dd thj de tranh vi?c thieu dong bg, thong nhat Irong viec lien lac trao doi thdng lin.
Ciic ban nganh trong he thong quan ly quy hogch xay dyng nhu sd xay dyng, sd ke hoaeh dau lu, UBND linh - thanh phd...cd nhiem vy egp nhat thong tin thuang xuyen cho he thong thdng qua vi?c truydn dii lieu ve trung tam. Dong thdi thdng qua mang, cac rhay trong he thdng cd the trao ddi dit lieu lln nhau. Viee nay se tao dieu kien nang eao nang suat giai quyet edng viec.
Bang 1. cdu true cdc nhdm vd ldp dir li^u trong CSDL GlSphyic vu qudn ly quy hogch xdy dtmg dd thf d thdnh phd Thdi Nguyen
Nhom dQ-lifu A. Nhom du' lieu nen do thi 1. Hanh chinh 2 Dia hinh, dia danh 3 Giao thong chinh
B. Nhom du li^u su d u n g dat do thj 1. Hien trang su dung dat 2 Ban dfi dja chinh 3 D& lieu sir dung nhd, dat
C. Nh6m dir li^u sii' dung cong trinh h^ tang dd Ihi 1. Dii lieu sir dung hg tang ky thugt dfi thi
• Giao thfing: lim dudng, Idng dudng
- Cdc cdng trinh hg tang: dudng sdt, dudng bfi, de, ke...
- Cap, thodt nudc - Cay xanh, mSt nudc
- Chieu sdng: cot den, tuyen phd chi6u sdng, tram difiu khiin anh sang
- VSMT: nhd ve sinh cdng cpng, cfing trinh tang l l . . . 2. Du lieu sir dung ha tang khu cfing nghiep - Nha mdy
- Xi ngh if p - Khu cdng nghiep
D. Nh6m dii lieu ve cong trinh xay d u n g 1. Cfing trinh nha dan' chieu cao, kich thudc, hien trgng..
2. Coquan hanh chinh
Cff SO'dir lieu trong GIS
La nhdm d a lieu lam khung tham chi^u cho todn bo ca sd diJ li?u GIS
Nhdm dii lifiu can dugc dua ve Cling hf tpa dp vdi dQ heu nen do thi
- Nhdm dQ- lieu can duoc dua ve ciing hf tpa dp vdi di^ lieu nen do thi.
- Cac nhdm dii lifu phan nho dira tren thuc te quan ly ciia cac dd thj - La nhdm diJ lifu chuy6n nganh quan trgng va phue vu true tiep cho cfing lac quan ly quy hoach.
Nguyen Thj Thu^ HiSn vd Dig Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 106(06): 125-129 TINH KHA THI CUA VIEC U'NG DUNG
CONG NGH$ GIS v A o CONG T A C Q U A N LY QUY HOACH X A Y DU'NG DO THI Mpt la, GIS cd lh6 nhap du lifu tir ban dd giay, lir dir lifu sd, dir lifu tga dg ho^c GPS.
Nin dja hinh cd the x6p chdng vdi nen hanh chinh va dja chinh de ket hgp va khai thac thong tin lien quan. Tir cae n^udn dii lieu (da chu5n hda theo lieu ehuan GIS) nhu:
Maplnfo, ArcGIS, AutoCAD Map... thdng qua giai phap GIS ban dd se dugc ma hda (dam bao tinh loan vgn va tde dg truy cap ciia dii lieu) va cd the chay tren mgi cau hinh may tinh (tir CD-ROM, USB.,), hoac q^ua mdi trudng Internet ma khdng can cac phan mem GIS da tao lap cac dii lieu tir ban dau.
Hal la, GIS cd the luu trir dir lieu dudi hai dgng: djnh dang vector thich hgp eho bifu dien ddi tugng khdng gian vdi dd chinh xae cao; dinh dgng Raster thich hgp cho phan tich khdng gian va d^igc ap dung cho cac md hinh sd dg cao.
Ba la, GIS cd the truy ciru khdng gian, tim kiem ddi tugng bang each danh gia quan he ve mat dja Iy eiia chimg vdi cac ddi luong khac nhau nhu khu vye, true dudng, sd Id, sd thira, chii hd, dien lich, trinh trang xay dyng..
va dugc the hien trone menu dudi day:
^^v
1 •1^; -"
Khi can \ae dinh thdng tin lien quan den hg gia dinh, cd the truy vSn vao sd Id, sd thira de bift cac thdng tin ve chii hd (Nguyen Van A), dien tich (m'), giay phep xay dung (True, False), dugc cap sd do (True, False), . dugc the hien trong menu sau:
Menu: thong tin '^•< •'•y'- . • , • -•;
loddt • ••>'\,''', ..v;''*""^' .
Menu truy van cdn dugc xay dung theo cac hudng sau:
- Thdng lin ve cac true dudng, cong trinh xay dyng cd trong dien quy hoach va giai tda den bii hay khdng? thuge dien quy hoaeh eiia du an nao?... de phyc vu nha dau tu biet thdng tin khu dat dy djnh se dau lu. theo menu dudi sau:
'~'';-."'
• " - " ^ •'••,- " . ^ ' , , - ' . . 1 , - , ^ ! . , .1 ..I.- ^ I _ 1 :--'J _ _1'J'.| ! __J .-n.lr-!|ni.rTr^|.r*tij ^.'' 1 •< ^.•^_I.'-J'-..I • * U - J " J . l A > 1 1 -.1 — l l 1 i_!j- Thdng tin ve dudng: tinh tdng dien tieh mat dudng be long lang nhua, tinh trang ngap nudc, tai trgng cho phep, sd lan xe, linh trgng mat dudng tdt - xau hay trung binh; lim dudng theo nam xay dyng, thdng tin ve dudng theo ten dudng xac dinh.
- Thdng tin ve cau: thdng ke sd cau giao ihdng, thdng ke eau theo loai cau va theo nam xay dyng, tim cac cau theo thdi gian su'a chua.
' Thdng tin ve chieu sang: thong ke tru dien theo ngay sua chu'a va nam bao duong; tim thdng tin tdng the ve try theo sd thii ly va dudng
- Thdng tin ve cay xanh: Thdng ke cay xanh theo logi cay va dudng xac djnh, chieu cao cay va ten dudng xac djnh.
- Thdng lin ve cae khu cdng nghiep- tinh chat dac tbii eua tiing khu, dien tich, hien trang sii dung dat...Vidu the hien qua2 menu sau:
pirfiifg tK^rmTT^D
Nguyen Thj Thuy Hien va Dtg Tgp chi KHOA HQC & C 6 N G NGHE 106(06): 125- 129 - Quan ly hd sa nha, dat: Truy tim hd sa nh^
dh theo ma ho sa, theo so Id IhCra, theo len chii hg, theo dja chi nhii; cgp nhgt thdng tin ve ho sa nh^ dat (lhay ddi cAc thdng tin ve so Id thira, chti hg, dipn tich, guiy phiip xay dyng, tinh Irang \ay dyng, ban ve Id dat, v.v.v..) dugc the hifn trong menu sau:
•filioni fiiowio ii^indow Help ] Th6ng lin d6 Ih) ing Tin DSn 16
T)m Iheo m3 h6 scr Tlm khu dAl theo i1|a chl n h i Tlm h6 Sd Iheo tfin chu hO
- Quan ly dan .so: Cgp nhgt sy lhay ddi nhan khau d lirng hg; thdng ke dan so cap phudng
\a; mat dd dan sd d cap phu'dng xa Tir do dy bao mirc dg bien dpng dan so trong tuong lai, phue vu cho cdng tae quy hogch theo gia trj thay ddi ve dan sd, vi dy the hifn Irong menu sau:
e Oelions Biowse Window Help | Th6ng tin do thi Thong ke dan so theo pi^Uc'ng ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ H Thong ke mat do dan so Nha dat
l l • I - 1 1 About
Bon la, GIS cd thi hidn thi bao eao theo nhieu dang khac nhau: theo bang bieu, bieu dd, hay ban dd ...; ed the xuat dii' lifu dudi dang anh, ban do giay, internet hay dang tai lieu Ket qua the hien nhusau:
KET LUAN VA KIEN NGH!
Nghien ciru da dat dugc nhO'ng kel qua kha quan. Kel qua truy xuat tryc quan, ngirdi dimg cd the de dang thao tac chinh sira, cap nhat dti' lieu, thdng tin cac ddi tugng. De tai da eho thay viec ap dung GIS trong cdng tac quan ly quy hoach do thj mang lai hifu qua va linh kha thi cao Viec irng dyng cdng nghf GIS 128
Irong cdng tac quan ly quy hogch xay dyng do thj cd the:
- Quan ly tgp trung cac thong tin quy hogch.
Tgo mdi trudng dan gi^n, thuan tifn eho viec khai thac, sii dyng cac Ihdng tin quy hoach.
Phyc vy nhanh chdng eae nhu cau ve khai thac thdng tin, tin hgc hda qua trinh giai quyet Ciic thii tyc hanh chinh.
- Vdi I3nh dao: cung c3p thong tin tdng hgp, da chieu va thuge nhieu chu de khac nhau, thdng tin mang tinh tri thirc hd trg vifc ra quyet djnh.
- Vdi dan vj quan ly quy hoach xay dyng:
eung cap mgt hf thdng thdng tin thdng nhat lir vifc khdi tao dii lifu, quan ly cap nhat dii lieu den cac hinh thire khai thac dii lieu theo yeu cau nghiep vy.
- Vdi cac don vj cd nhu cau sir dyng thdng tin quy hoach xay dyng: duge cung cap thdng tin ve quy hoach xay dung theo chiic nang nhifm vu ciia minh.
- Vdi cdng ddng, cung cap mgt kenh tra ciiu thdng tin ve qu\ hoach xay dung, thdng tin ve khu \uc d hoac khu dai dy kien se dau tu hoac biet duge trang thai \ay dyng eiia Id dat nha minh nhu the nao.
Trong \ay dyng va phal trien dd thj hien nay, cdng lac quy hoach, quan ly quy hogch xay dung cd vai trd rat quan trgng, day la van de vua mang linh chien luge nhung phai di tnrdc mdt bude lam ca sd cho dau tu xay dyng cac cdng trinh, ehinh trang \ a phal tnen do thj...
Ddng thdi la mgl trong nhiing giai phap ehii
>eu de quan K' xay dyng dd thj phat trien theo hudng \an minh. hifn dai, gdp phan lam lang trudng kinh te, nang eao ddi sdng nhan dan, dam bao an ninh \ a hgi.
Tuy nhien viee dua md hinh hf thdng vao hoat dgng can phai cd su thdng nhat giiia cac ca quan hiiu quan cung nhu ed sy ehi dao ciia lanh dao thanh phd de dao lao ngudn nhan Iyc sir dung tdt edng nghe GIS.
T A I LIEU THAM K H A O [1]. TS. Nguyin Thf Than, J S . Trdn Cdng Yen, Hudng dSn su dung phAn mfim GIS. ARC/INFO;
Nha xuat ban xdy dung;
Nguyin Thj Thu^ Hien va Dtg Tgp chl KHOA HQC & CONG N G H $ 106(06): 125 - 129
[2].TS. Pham ST Liem, Phd chO tjch TSng h$i Xay [3]. TS. TrSn Hung, (2010), so tay "Su dung dyng Viet Nam; Bdo cao tgi Hfii nghi "Gidi quyet cfing ngh6 GIS trong quy hogch vd quan ly ha cdc van de phdt triSn do thj". tSng dfi thj".
S U M M A R Y
R E S E A R C H I N G T O A P P L Y G I S T E C H N O L O G Y IN M A N A G E M E N T O F U R B A N C O N S T R U C T I O N P L A N N I N G
Nguyen Thi Thuy Hien', Dinh Viet Hung, College of Technology - TNU
In the management of urban construction planning in Thai Nguyen City, a major problem that information as current zoning maps still exist mainly in the form of paper documents is relevant infonnation others dispersed, yet integrated with map information as to become an information systems master. The research and application of GIS technology that can allow users to access information with results from synthesis to detail on the use of technical infrastructure: roads, bridges, trees, water drainage, construction work' household names, licensing and construction status... in urban.
Keywords: urban management, construction planning, management planning, GIS
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 18/4/2013. Ngdy phdn bien: 13/6/2013; Ngdy duyel dang: 26/7/2013
Tel- 0984436209, Mad hiPzeroin(a).gmad com
