Nguyen Thi Thuy My et al Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHg 82(06):37 - 43
i - •
THE CURRENT SITUATION OF RAISING CHICKENS IN 5 COMMUNES OF THE WESTERN AREA OF THAI NGUYEN CITY
Nguyen Thi Thuy M y ' , Tran Thanh Van\ Nguyen Tien Dat'
'College of .Igriculture and Forestry TNU, 'Thainguyen University
SUMMARY
The western communes of Thai Nguyen city including 5 communes, namely: Quyet Thang, Phuc Xuan, Phuc Triu, Thinh Duc and Tan Cuong, with extensively large area of hilly and mountainous land, that was planned for livestock development in general and poultry in particular, the objectives of this plan is to provide food for consumption for urban areas; in order to have the basic understandings on the animal husbandry, animal health for the establishment of development projects in poultry raising bio-secunty at household, a research was conducted on: "The current situation of chickens raising in 5 communes of the western area of Thai Nguyen city "
Research results showed that: In the western communes of the Thai Nguyen city, chickens were mainly local breeds, which accounted for at most 77.39%, imported chicken was accounted for the lowest proportion, which was only 1.46%, for crossed breed chicken, which was 21.15%. These chickens were mainly home breeding practice (74.86%) or unknown origin chickens which were bought from traders without warranty (15.69%). Husbandry practices are mainly free range, accounted for 79.34%, semi- intensive and intensive system were in low proportions, which accounted for 17.56% and 3.10%, respectively. A number of households with small-scale of chicken raising were rather high (44.25%), with flock size of chicken over 200 birds which was accounted for a low percentage (3.67%). There was a limitation on diseases prevention practices, the majority of households have not organized yet a so-called livestock bio-security. The vaccination was given in order to prevent some common diseases of chickens, however, this practice was low, from 43.40 % of Newcastle vaccine to 5.25% of Gumboro vaccine.
Therefore, chickens infected with the diseases often occurred with a high rate, from 13.2% for Newcasstle disease to 71.56% for Coccidiosis disease.
Raising chickens in the 5 communes of the westem area of Thai Nguyen city is still limited. For developing the bio-security, for effectively and economic sustainability practices of raising chicken, the local authorities should promote the agricultural technical training in raising chickens for farm bio- security, convincing farmers to adapt three principles of bio-security which are isolation, cleaning and disinfection, along with mounting coordinated breeding services, animal feed and veterinary medicines of prestige, credibility of Thai Nguyen city with the local authorities and people; advocacy associated with the administrative handling of the communities and individuals to perform veterinary Ordinance.
Keywords: Bio-security, the western communes of Thai Nguyen city, raising chickens, breed proportions, origin of chicken breed, system of raising chickens, flock size, vaccination, common diseases in chickens.
BACKGROUND Statistics, the number of poultry in 2009 was The necessity of this project "lore than those in 2008 that is 31.9 million, up
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Nguyen Thi Thuy My et al Tjtp chi KHOA HQC & CQNG NGHE 82(06):37 - 43 The communes in the west of Thai Nguyen city is
a large area of hills and mountains that is planned for livestock development generally and raising poultry particularly to meet the demand of meat of urban area. In order to have the basic understandings on the animal husbandry, animal health for the building of development projects in raising poultry bio-security at household, a research was conducted: "The current situation of chickens raising in 5 communes of the western area of Thai Nguyen city"
Research objectives
This research was conducted to assess the status of animal husbandry and veterinary works on chicken in 5 communes in the west of Thai Nguyen city, and to propose solutions to develop chicken bio-security husbandry for local people.
OBJECT, LOCATION AND METHOD OF RESEARCH
Object and location of research
The situation of animal husbandry and veterinary works in 5 communes in the west of Thai Nguyen city: Quyet Thang, Phuc Xuan, Phuc Triu, Thinh Duc and Tan Cuong.
Research methods and indicators to monitor Research methods
To investigate the current situation of animal husbandry and veterinary works: investigating, interviewing and collecting the information fi-om the people's committee of commune and fi-om the farmers using the questionnaires and survey sampling. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) Monitoring indicators
The stud is the chicken that are raised in the farm
The origin of the chicken The raising method
The scale of the chicken in the farm - The vaccinafion of the chicken
The situation of the disease in the chicken Method of data processing
The survey data were processed according to the biological statistics application in livestock of Nguyen Van Thien (2008) and MS Office Excel program.
RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Structure of chicken breeds
Through investigation, we found that breeds in these five communes were mainly local chickens.
Overall, the local chicken accounts for 77.39%, the percentage of hybrid chickens was 21.15%
and the percentage of imported chicken was 1.46%. The local chickens were mainly Ri chicken. The rate of farmers who raise local chicken was highest in Phuc Triu, accounts for 89.72%, lowest was in Quyet Thang (64.02%), Tan Cuong (84.23%), Phuc Xuan (77.66%) and Thinh Duc (71.34%).
The major hybrid chicken was Ri Tam Hoang, Rin Luong Phuong, or Luong Phuong Mia.
The rate of farmers that raised hybrid chicken was highest in Quyet Thang (33.95%), lowest in Phuc Triu (10.28%), Thinh Duc (24.54%), Phuc Xuan (22.34%) and Tan Cuong (14.63%).
Imported chicken was mainly raised for meat belonging to breeds of Ross 208, Hubbard ISA, which were raised in some farms in Quyet Thang and Thinh Duc communes. Luong Phuong, Sasso and their hybrids were raised by more farmers.
The rate of farmers who raised imported chicken was 4.12% in Thinh Duc, 2.03% in Quyet Thang, and 1.14% in Tan Cuong; the remaining communes do not have this breed.
Origin of breed supply
Table 2 shows that breeds supply was mostly self- produced. Considering all, the percentage of self- produced that occupied highest was 74.96%;
unknown origin breed occupied 15.69%, and clear origin was 9.45%.
Nguyen Thi Thuy My et al Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 82(06):37 - 43 Table L The structUre-of chicken in farms (%)
ireed
Communes Imported chicken 2.03 0.00 0.00 4.12 1.14
Hybrid chicken 33.95 22.34 10.28 24.54 14.63
Local chicken Quyet Thang
Phuc Xuan Phuc Triu Thinh Duc Tan Cuong
64.02 77.66 89.72 71.34 84.23
Average L46 21.15 77.39
Chart 1. The distribution of breed in western communes in Thai Nguyen city 1.46
21.15
• Imported chicken
• Hybrid chicken Q Local chicken
77.39
Table 2. Origin of breed supply (%)
~~ ^ - ^ ^ ^ Origin Communes ~~~—~—_,._^
Quyet Thang Phuc Xuan Phuc Triu Thinh Duc Tan Cuong Average
Original 14.23
6.95 6.02 19.78
0.27 9.45
Non- original 22.08 24.23 4.27 14.25 13.62 15.69
Self- produced 63.69 68.82 89.71 65.97 86.11 74.86 Table 3. Methods of raising chickens (%)
~~~"~~ ...^^^ Methods Comm unes~~~~-~-~-,__^^
Quyet Thang Phuc Xuan
Phuc Triu Thinh Duc Tan Cuong
Free grazing 71.88 93.54 97.55 48.13 85.60 79.34
Semi- grazing 23.67
6.12 2.23 41.56 14.24 17.56
Captive 4.45 0.34 0.22 10.31
0.16 3.10
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Nguyen Thi Thuy My et al Tap chi KHOA HQC & C 6 N G N G H $
Farmers produced breeds by themselves which were mainly hybrid local chicken over many generation; and breed production were self- supported, in addition, there was no facility of breed production and selection... Hence, resulting to the same inbreeding that may reduce the productivity and efficiency of raising poultry.
The highest percentage of self- produced breed was in Phuc Triu (89.71%), Tan cuong (86.11%), Phuc Xuan (68.82%), Thinh Duc (65.97%) and Quyet Thang (63.69%).
Some farmers buy chickens at retail market or street vendors... that are of unknown origin and not quarantined. The rate of farms that have unknown origin chickens was 24.23% in Phuc Xuan, 22.08% in Quyet Thang, 14.25% in Thinh Duc, 13.62% in Tan Cuong and 4.27% in Phuc Triu.
Some farmers raised hybrid and imported chickens that have the origin from the ensuring facilities such Thai Nguyen company of animal breeds and Thuy Phuong center of poultry breeds.
The percentage of farms that have clear origin of breeds was 19.78 % in Thinh Duc, 14.23% in Quyet Thang, 6.95% in Phuc Xuan, 6.02 % in Phuc Triu, 0.27 % in Tan Cuong.
Methods of chickens raising
Based on investigation, we found that free grazing method is essential. Overall, free grazing methods accounts for 79.34%, semi- grazing (17.56%) and captive (3.10%).
Percentage of farms that use the method of free
grazing was 97.55 % in Phuc Triu; 93.54 % in Phuc Xuan; 85.6 % in Tan Cuong; 71.88 % in Quyet Thang and 48.13 % in Thinh Duc. Free grazing method was found to be at risk of spreading germs, thus the education on safe livestock is not effective here though these communes are located in Thai Nguyen city and adjacent to Universities, especially Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry.
The semi- grazing and captive methods account for low percentage. The rate of households that use semi- grazing method in 41.56 % in Thinh Duc; 23.67% in Quyet ThSng; 14.24 % in Tan CuoTig; 6.12 % in Phuc Xuan; 2.23 % in Phuc Triu. And in the captive method Thjnh Due (10.31 %); Quygt thing (4.45 %); Phiic Xuan (0.34 %); Phuc Triu (0.22 %); and Tan Cirong (0.16%).
The scale of chicken in farms
Based on investigation on the five communes, we found that farms that have less than 50 accounts for high proportion (44.25%), fi-om 50 to 100 was 24.69%, from 100 to 150 is 17.17%, from 150 to 200 is 10.22% and more than 200 is 3.67%.
The percentage of households that have more than 150 occupied low rate. Chicken production was mostly small and has not become the main source of income. Low investment and mainly for subsistence need for food and improvement of diets.
17.56
Free grazing Semi grazing Captive
Chart 2. The rate of chicken raising methods in western communes in Thai Nguyen city
Nguyen Thi Thuy My et al Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 82(06):37 - 43 Table 4. The number of chicken raised in the farms (%)
„ ^-...^*^'«"= <5Q 50-100 100-150 150-200
Communes^^-^^ >200
Quyet Thang Phuc Xuan Phuc Triu Thinh Duc Tan Cuong Overall
30.08 53.28 49.88 30.33 57.67 44.25
23.67 24.24 35.67 17.67 22.23 24.69
29.67 13.46 8.32 21.46
12.93 17.17
10.23 8.56 6.13 23.08
3.08 10.22
6.35 0.46 0.00 7.46 4.09 3.67 Table 5. The vaccination in chickens (%)
Vaccine
Communes Lasota Gumboro Newcastle Capacitors
pasteurellosis Chicken po\
44.09 11.57 12.34 29.95 8.12 21.21 Quyet Thang*
Phuc Xuan Phuc Triu Thinh Duc Tan Cuong
24.23 4.08 0.33 17.67
0.67
9.67 0.67 0.00 8.23 7.67
67.77 33.55 43.78 57.67 14.23
45.88 12.33 16.34 36.08 7.88
Overall 9.39 5.25 43.40 23.70
Table 6. The situation in chicken infection (%) Diseases
Communes Newcastle Capacitors
pasteurellosis Coccidiosis Salmonella Chicken
pox Asthma Quyet Thang
Phuc Xuan Phuc Triu Thinh Duc Tan Cuong
8.08 13.93 10.23 0.23 33.55
37.67 45.78 53.88 22.34 34.23
70.23 74.08 83.67 55.67 74.16
49.88 63.67 68.45 50.13 65.67
10.12 24.12 9.57 22.17 36.22
44.15 53.88 46.17 23.88 63.67
Overall 13.20 38.78 71.56 59.56 20.44 46.35
Currently, some farmers have developed the scale of their chicken with a number from 3000 to 5000 chicken at Quyet Thang and Thinh Duc communes. With the favorable natural conditions, convenient transportation and far from the densely populated areas, the westem communes have potentials to develop chicken raising with the scale of farms. ';
The vaccination
Based on investigation, the disease prevention on chicken is still restricted. On the five communes, the percentage of households using vaccine Newcastle is 43.40%, capacitors pasteurellosis vaccine is 23.70%, pox vaccine is 21.21 %, lasota vaccine is 9.39% and Gumboro vaccine is 5.25%.
The reason is that chickens are raised by traditional experience and not interested in the
process of disease prevention. Furthermore, because of small scale and low investment, farmers hardly access the vaccination.
The situation in chicken infection
* Data are adapted in other resources f5], f6J, [7], [8], f9].
Through investigafion in five communes, we found that chickens are often suffered from several kinds of diseases such as coccidiosis.
Salmonella, chicken asplyxia, capacitors pasteurellosis, and diseases caused by viruses such as Newcastle, chicken pox that infected with low rate. The percentage of households that have chickens infected coccidiosis is 71.56%, Salmonella is 59.56%, chicken asplyxia is 46.35%, capacitors pasteurellosis is 38.78%, chicken pox is 20.44%, and Newcastle is 13.2%.
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Nguyen Thi Thuy My et al Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 82(06):37 - 43 In addition, due to free grazing method, chickens
are often infected by parasitic diseases such as round worms and cestoid (Phan Thi Hong Phuc, 2007); the percentage of chicken infected ascariasis in Quyet Thang commune is 55.79%, especially in Spring- Summer, the rate is 70.75%.
The main reason is due to small farming method and uiisafe biological livestock, so the diseases still occur frequently, causing great economic losses to households.
CONCLUSION
The survey on livestock and veterinary situation of chickens in five westem communes in Thai Nguyen city showed that: the local chicken accounts for highest percentage (77.39%), imported chicken is the lowest (1.46%) and the rate of hybrid chicken is 21.15%. The breed is mainly self- produced or purchased by traders of unknown origin and not quarantined (15.69%).
Free grazing method accounts for the highest proportion (79.34%); semi- grazing and captive accounts for the low rate, 17.56% and 3.10%
respectively. The households with the scale of chicken from 1 to 50 occupy high percentage (44.25%) and the scale with more than 200 is low rate (3.67%). The application of diseases prevention is limited to chickens, most households have not organized bio-security livestock; the rate of vaccination of some common diseases for chicken is still low, fi"om 43.40% of Newcastle vaccine to 5.25% of Gumboro vaccine; chicken that infected by common diseases accounts for high proportion, from 13.2% of Newcastle to 71.56% of coccidiosis. Chicken raising in five western communes is sfill limited. To develop bio- security chicken raising with effective and
sustainable economy, it is necessary to promote agricultural technical training of safe chicken raising for farmers. In addition, it is essential to encourage and propagate three bio-safety principles of isolation, cleanliness and disinfection, along with the connection of breeding services, food and veterinary of prestige and credible facilities in Thai Nguyen city, the connection between authorities and local people; encouraging and propagating are connected with administrative sanctions when doing veterinary law.
REFERENCE
[I]. http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=390&i dmid=3«feltemID=9993
[2]. Le Hong Man (2009) "Orientation of restructuring the poultry production". Journal of Livestock, vol. 2, 2009, Vietnam Animals Husbandry
[3]. Pham Thi Hong Phuc (2007) "Situation of ascariasis infection in chicken raising in Quyet Thang commune. Thai Nguyen city". Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology, No XIV, vol. 3, 2007, Vietnam Veterinary
[4]. Nguyen Van Thien (2008), Statistics of biological application in husbandry. Agriculture Press, Hanoi.
[5]. Phuc Xuan commune of people's committee, the statistical report on husbandry and veterinary in 2009 [6]. Phuc Triu commune of people's committee, the statistical report on husbandry and veterinary in 2009 [7]. Quyet Thang commune of people's committee, the statistical report on husbandry and veterinary in 2009 [8]. Tan Cuong commune of people's committee, the statistical report on husbandry and veterinary in 2009 [9]. Thinh Duc commune of people's committee, the statistical report on husbandry and veterinary in 2009
Nguyen Thi Thuy My et al T^p chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHg 82(06):37 - 43
TOM TAT
THV'C TRANG CHAN NUOI GA T^I NAM XA PHIA TAY THANH PHO THAI NGUYEN
Nguyin Thj Thuy My'', Tran Thanh Van^ NguySn Tiln Dat' 'Trudng Dgi hpc Ndng Ldm - DHTN, 'Dgi hgc Thdi Nguyen
Cac xa mi6n tay Thanh pho Thai Nguyen gom 5 xS Quyet Thing, Phiic Xuan, Phuc Triu, Thjnh Due v^
Tan Cuong, la dja b^n co dif n tich dat doi, nui kha rpng Ion, dugc quy hoach cho phdt trien chan nuoi noi chung v^ gia cam noi rieng nh5m cung cap thy:c pham cho nhu cSu tieu dung cua cdc khu do thj; de co cac can cuthyrc tien ve tinh hinh chSn nuoi, thu y cho xay dvmg cdc dy dn phdt trien chdn nuoi gd an toan sinh hoc tai nong hp, chung t6i tien hanh nghien cuu: "Thuc trang chdn nuoi gd tgi 5 xaphia Tdy thdnh pho Thdi Nguyen".
K6t qua nghien curu chi ra rdng: 6 cdc xa phia tay Thanh pho, gd dja phuong Id chii yeu, chiem ty le cao nhat 77,39 %, gd nhap npi chiem ty le thap nhat, chi Id 1,46 %, gd lai chiem ty le 21,15 %. Con giong chu yeu la tu san xuat (74,86 %) ho|c mua qua tu thuong khong ro nguon goc, khong qua kiem djch (15,69 %).
Phuong thuc chan nuoi chii yeu Id chan tha tu do, chiem 79,34 %, ban chan tha vd nuoi nhot chiem ty le thap, Ian luot Id 17,56 % vd 3,10 %. So ho c6 quy mo ddn nho chiem ty le cao (44,25 %), quy m6 ddn tren 200 con chiem ty le thap (3,67 %). Vdn de dp dung quy trinh phong benh cho dan gd con han che, so dong cdc ho chua to chuc chan nuoi an todn sinh hoc, ty le tiem chung cac loai vac-xin phong benh thuong gap cho ddn gd Id thdp, tu 43,40 % vac-xin Newcastle den 5,25 % vac-xin Gumboro, ddn gd bj mac cac benh thong thuong voi ty le khd cao, tu 13,2 % benh Newcasstle den 71,56 % benh Cau triing gd.
Chan nuoi ga cua ca 5 xa phia Tay con nhieu ban che. Muon phdt trien chan nuoi gd an todn sinh hoc, co hieu qua kinh te vd ben virng, can day manh c6ng tac khuyen nong tap huan ky thuat chan nuoi gd an toan cho nong ho, van dong, tuyen truyen thirc hien 3 nguyen tac ciia an todn sinh hoc Id cdeh ly, ldm sach vd khu trdng, ciing voi viec gan ket phoi hop djch vu con giong, thuc an chan nuoi vd thuoc thii y tir cdc co so uy tin, tin cay cua thdnh pho Thdi Nguyen voi chinh quyen vd nhdn dan dja phuong; van dong tuyen truyen gan voi xii ly hdnh chinh tap the va cd nhan trong viec thuc hien Phdp lenh thii y.
Tir khoa: An todn sinh hoc, benh thudmg gap tren gd, cdc xaphia tdy thdnh pho Thdi Nguyen, chdn nuoi gd, ca cdu giong, nguon goc gd giong, phuong thuc chdn nuoi gd, quy mo ddn, tiem chung vac-xin.
Tel: 0977 008369
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