ImchiPlACHAT loa A «AMO i.a/?nn. IT. 82-88
N G H I E N ClfU D O I S A N H R U B Y , S A P H I R T l T C A C M O K H A C N H A U C U A V I $ T N A M
Lfi THJ THU HUONG
Khoa Dja chdt, Tru&ng Dgi hpc Khoa hgc Tg nhiin. Ogi hpc Qudc gia Hd Ndi, 334 Nguyen TrSi, Thanh XuSn, Ha Ndi
Torn tSt: Hiin nay. cdc md ruby vd saphir chdt lugng cao eda Viit Nam xudt hiin lgi Yin Bdi (Lgc Yen) vd Nghi An (Quy Chdu vd Qu)> Hpp). Saphir lot mau vai trU luang ldn dupc khai thdc a cdc linh Tdy Nguyen (Gia Lai Ddk Ldk vd Ldm Ddng). Ddng Nai vd Binh Thugn. Ngodi ra. ruby vd saphir cdn cd the dugc khai thdc a Qudng Nam vai tiU lupng vd chdt lupng Ihdp han Nghien ciiu so sdnh dgc diim ngpc hpc, hda hpc aia ruby vd saphir lU edc md khde nhau cd thi dua ra cdc dge diim dgc tiwig eua tiing logi md vd ting dgng phdn biH ngudn gdc dia ly eda chiing Saphir Tdy Nguyen, cdc tinh miin Nam va saphtr Qitdng Nam dupc phdn biit vai s(g>hir Yin Bdi vd Nghi An bdi chdt lupng ngpc thap, kim tiong sudt Hdm lupng Fe tivng binh tiong cdc mdu saphu a Tdy Nguyen cao han rat nhiiu so vai sapUr & cdc vimg khde Ruby
^^X iJ! "^ ^^" ^°* ' ^ ^ P*^ *'^'' *"•' 'y '^ o^' '^ "m'en td lgo mdu Id FeiO^Cr^i va TiOJCr^,. Ngodi ra. dga vdo hdm lugng cdc nguyen id tgo mau Cr va Fe cSng cd the phdn biH ruby Yen Bdi & cdc md khde nhau I.T NGQUAN jjjpj. ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ . ^ ^^ ^ j ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Ruby v i saphu cd miu xanh, hing, bgn bd Tfiy cfla sdng Chay bao gim tim, cam dupc khai tfiic d tinh Ygn Bfii, Ling Chgp, Tnic Lau (huyfn Lyc Ygn) Nghf An vi Quang Nam. Saphir miu v i Tfin Ding, Hoa Cuomg, Tfin Huang xanh lam, xanh lyc, vang hay cdn gpi l i (huyfn Yfn Binh). Cfic md d dja bin BGY saphir (blue, green, yellowi dupc Khoan Thing An Phfl do dupc khai khai fliie d cic tinh Tfiy Nguygn gim Gia thic trudc ngn gpi tfit l i md cfl phfin bift Lai, Dik Lik^^Lfim Ding vi cfic tinh miln vdi md mdi l i cac md khai thic sau d Nam gdm Dong Nai, Binh Thugn. Ruby ^la bin Trflc Lfiu, Tfin Huang [6].
vi saphir d Ygn Bii, Nehg An duoc khai IT-A , , .
fliic tii nira 1983, d Miln N a m T i T S ^''l ''"'\- ' ^ " '^"f^ "''^'^ ' ^ ^ ^^' Nguygn vio diu ;jiflng nam T ; 9 r v l d ™1? ^^T ^'''^'J^^J^ Ph^
Quing Nam vao nhung nim 2000 Trone i ; ! ^ ' - ^ ^ j^^^g^^hai tfiic tiiip han so sl cic dja phuang Uiai tfiic ruby v i r f "^ ^ **'* f ** t"^ ' ^ ^ ' ^ " ^ ' ^ ^ ° - saphir, Ygn Bii luin dupc coi 1 ^ ^ ! " ' " ° I ' ^ ^ t^ '^^^' '""^^l "^^^^ ^""^^
cung cip quan frpng n h i t ^ l i vdi n % vfi ( T l o b f ^ ^ ' J ^ ' V ' ^ " - " " " ' ' ^f saphir cic miu ^ ^ " ^ "l giim mgnh, chu ylu cung cip
- „ ^ . . . . , ™hy, saphir chat lupng mii kilu vdm frdn NhQng mo khai tfiic sdm nhit (1983) d (cabochon) (Anh 1,2).
Ygn Bii gim Nudc Ngjp, Hin Om xu « ..
Khfiu Nghign, Ving Sao, Miy T E U P S ' bin S "'TT'^I ^\'^ ""^^ ^ ^ '^
May Hg Phfii Chgp, Tfin Lfip v i S 5 2 1 - m h ™ ^ "^^^' T ^ ^ " "'"^
Ding, diu tfiufc dia bin 2'xfi K h o ^ I^^^^L^ l^ "^P""' »* *=^8 "^'^ e^<=
Thing v i An Phfl, huyfn Luc Ygn „ ^ \ " ^ *'''*u'''^" ^^^' * T ^^' *"^«= ^^ '''^n bgn bd Ddng cfla sdngThiyTd] C i c t S f} 7 ° ''^\!& * f f ? - ° Cd Mjn, xi B wy loj. i„ac rao True Liu; dilm md Khe Nhfin vi Kinh
La, xa Tin Huang va dilm md Phude Hifp (Quang Nam); (2) raby va cic loai saphir mau frong di vdi biln chit xuit hifn d Khoan Thing, An Phu, Nudc Ngip, Hin Om, Khau Nghign, Ving Sao, May Thupng, Miy Ha, Phai Hap, Tan Ljp vi Lam Ddng (Ygn Bii) va (Juy Chau, Quy Hpp (Nghe An); (3) saphir lien quan din cic di magma cd d Dik Lik, Lam Ddng, Ddng Nai va Binh Thuan; (4) raby frong cic di nln chfla felspat gjp tgi Kilomet 12, 15, vi 23 dpe Qudc Id 70 d Luc Ygn va Ygn Binh (Ygn Bii). Tuy nhign, ngiy nay raby va saphir
chu ylu dupc khai thic d cac md phong hda.
Luc Yen
Quy Chau
Anh 1. Cac mau ruby dgc tnmg ve mau sdc ciia mo Luc Yen va Quy Chau. Ngdy nay. hdu hit cdc
mo cha yeu cung cdp ruby va saphir chdt lucmg thuoc logi cabochon (Anh: Chakkaphan Sutthirat).
Tay Nguyen
Cac tinh mien Nam Anh 2. MSusgphir dgc trung vi mau sdc dig Luc Yen. Quy Chau. cac tinh miin Nam
va Tay Nguyen. Kich thu&c cdc vien saphir trong anh dao dgng lit 2 S-6 5 ct.
Anh: Le Thi Thu Huang (dnh trdi) vd Phgm Van Long (dnh phdi) ' II. PHU-ONG PHAP NGHIAN CCTU
Cie raau sfl dyng cho nghign cflu niy dupe suu tgp va raua frong cic chuyin di fliyc dja hi nfim 2009-2012. Tit ci gdra 339 mau ruby vi saphir cic logi, frxing dd cd 143 raau flid vi 196 mau da chl tic (112 mfiu cit mii giic vi 84 mau cit mii vdm frdn), frpng lupng dao dfng hi 0,6 ct den 6,3 ct.
Cic djc tinh ngpc hpc cua raby va saphir dupe nghign cuu trgn may luang eye kl, khuc xg kl, efin ngpc hpc, den eye tim, kinh hiln vi phuang phip nhiing. Thinh phin hda hpc cfla raby vi saphir dupc phin rich frgn miy JEOL
JXA 8900RL, difn the 20 kV vi ddng difn 20 nA. Kit qui do hda cudi cung la kgt qui frung binh cfla 5 dilm do frgn raoi mau.
Bao thg dupc phin tich bing quang pho Ramaii frgn miy Jobin Yvon LabRam HR 800 kit noi vdi kinh hiln vi quang hpc Olympus BX41, sfl dung lase budc sdng 514 nm. Dl xic djnh bao tfil, cic phgp do Raman dupc djt d chl dp do confocal (tia lase tjp frimg d phgm vi 2-5 pm).
III. K^T QUA vA T H A O LUAN 1. OJc di4m ngpc hpc
Dgc digm ngpc hpc vi bao tfil cfla raby, saphu cfla cic md cu va cic md mdi d Ygn Bii dupc tdm tit frtmg Bing 1.
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•g N f M,^
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Dfic digm ngpc hpc cua raby, saphir d cfic md Quy Chfiu v i Quy Hpp (Nghe An) so sinh vdi md tai Quing Nam v i saphir kilu BGY tai Gia Lai, Dik l i k , Lim Ddng, vi cac tinh miln Nam (Dong Nai, Binh TTiuan) dupc thi hien chi tilt d Bfing 2. v l mau sic, cd thi phfin bift safihir Tfiy Nguygn v i saphir cic tinh mign Nam vdi saphir cac viing cdn lgi (Nghg An, Ygn Bii) do cd ylu td pha miu (ving hojc luc) frgn tdng miu xanh tfl rit nhgt dgn rfit sam. Ngoii ra, saphir Tfiy Nguygn vi cac tinh miln Nam hoin toin khdng cd phin flng vdi cic tia cue tim sdng dii vi sdng ngin. Trong khi dd, phin flng cfla raby, saphir d cac vflng khie dupc thi hifn rit rd ret bdi su thay doi miu. Bgn cgnh djc dilra mau sfie djc tnmg, cac djc dilm ngpc hpc khac nhu dp frong suot, chilt suit, ludng chilt suit, ti'nh da sic, ty topng va bao tfil chi cd tfil dupc xem nhu djc ti'nh bo top dl phan bift nguon gdc cie mlu vi cd dai trung ljp.
Mjc dfl vgy, raby, saphir fliupc md eu
su hrong ding rit rd v l hf bao thi djc trung. Trong tdng s l 150 mlu nghign cuu, cic bao thi amphibol, hirmalin, kaolinit, pargasit, nordstoandit v i pyrotin chi tfiiy d raby, saphir md cu (Ygn Bii) vi md Qu;^ Chfiu, Qujf Hpp m i khdng tun tfiiy trong mby, saphir d cac viing khfic.
Nghign cflu djc dilm ngpc hpc mang tinh md ti mlu thu thjp dupc tfl cic md khic nhau nham myc dich ung dyng toa curu, kit hpp vdi cac djc dilm hda hpc cfla mlu di dua ra djnh hudng xic djnh ngudn gic.
2. QJc dilm hoa hpc
Kit qua phfin fr'ch tfiinh phin hda hpc cfla raby v i saphir d cfic md khic nhau dupc till hifn frong Bing 3 vi 4. Nhilu tic gii nhu Bank v i Henn [1], Kane vi nnk [4] cho ring vl chit lupmg, raby Lyc Yfn (cac md khai tfific sdm nfim bgn bd Ddng cfla song Chfiy) va Quy Chfiu cd till so sfinh VtH raby cfla viing Mogok (Myanmar).
(Yen Bii) va md Quy Chfiu, Quy Hpp cd
Bang 3. So sinh him luyng cic nguygn t l giy miu v i nguygn t l vlt trong thinh phin hda hpc cOa ruby cic md khic nhau
Oxyt(%tl) CrjOj FejO, TiOj Fefi^Crfii nOJCrfi,
V2O3 GajOj MnjOj
VM Bii (m6 mdil 0,21067-0,22656 0,00645-0,01291 0-0,03221 0.03-0,07 0-2,73 0,03159-0,04747 0-0,00715 0-0,01239
Y6n Bii (mo cm 0,02881-0,167217 0-0,09799 0-0,14904 0-0,64 0-0.297 0-0,04725 0-0,01041 0-0,0163
OuV Chiu 0,02881-0,67217 0-0,04191 0-0,18354 0-0,06 0-0.268 0-0,04112 0-0,01548 0-0,01305
Ou&ne Nam 0,00001-0,00131 0,00054-0,0008 0-0,00058 0-0,01 0-0,44 0-0,00014 0,00054-0,00109 0-0,00013
Ve djc dilm hda hpc, cic mlu tu Ygn Bii vi Quy Chfiu cd flil dupc phfin bift vdi nhau bdi ty If cic nguygn to tgo miu FejOj/CraOj vi TiO^/CrjOj. Cy tfil, ty If FejOj/CrjOs tixmg cfic mau Qu>; Chfiu dao dpng frxmg khofing 0-0,06, tiilp han dli
vdi cfic mlu khai tfiic d Ygn Bii, dao dpng frong khofing 0-0,64 (md cu) vi 0,03-0,07 (md mdi). Ty If TiOj/CrjOj frong cic mlu cfla md Quy Chfiu dao dfng frong khoing 0-0,268, cic mlu d Ygn Bii li 0-0,297 (md cfl) v i 0-2 73
(md mdi). Nghiai cflu so sanh vl djc diem hda hpc gifla mlu raby d cac md mdi va cic mau d md cfl cho tfiay, ham lupng Cr bong cic mlu md mdi li 0,21067-0,22656, cao hon ham lupng Cr frong cac mlu md cfl (0,02881-0,167217)
Bang 4. So sanh ham lirqmg cic nguygn t6 giy miu vi nguygn td vgt toong thinh phin hda hpc cua saphir cac md khac nhau
ddng thdi cung cao hon ham lupng Cr trong mlu d cac vung khac ((Juy Chfiu vfi (Juang Nam). Trong khi dd, him lupng Fe cua cac mlu md cu tfiip hon d cac mlu md mdi vi md (Juy Chau (Bing 3).
Oxyt(%tl) Y£nBii Nghj An Quang Nam Tiy Nguyen
FCjOj 1,024-1,835 1,107-1,816 0,090-0,964 1,070-3,200
0320;
0-0,018 0-0,025 0-0,020 0,020-0,040
Sd lugng mdu do mdi md Id 10.
Ddi sanh vdi raby v i saphir vung Yen Bii vi Nghf An, cac mlu d Quing Nam cd chat lupng fliip, kgm frong suit Him lupng cac nguygn tl gay miu nhu Cr (doi vdi raby), Fe, Ti (dli vdi saphir) fliip (Bing 3, 4). Saphu- kilu BGY cfla Tiy Nguygn dupe cho la lign quan din di basalt vi vl mjt hda hpc dupc phfin bift bdi ham lupng cao vupt frfi cfla nguyto to Fe (nguygn nhan chinh gfiy tdi mfiu cho saphir dgng nfiy) (Bing 4).
IV. K&r LUAN
Tu cic kit cjui nghign cflu so sanh, fliong kg djc dilm ngpc hpe, hda hpc cfla cic tjp mau raby vi s^hu tfiu tfigp d cic mo khic nhau cfla Vift Nam, cd tfil rflt ra mft sl kit lujn sau:
- Nguin gle dja ly cfla raby vi saphu cd tfil dupc xic djnh dura vio djc dilm hda hq^, ngpc hpc vi sy ed mjt cfla cic bao thg frong chiing.
Cfic mlu raby md Ygn Bii vi (Juy Chiu cd flil phfin bift vdi nhau bdi ty If cfic nguygn tl tgo mfiu FejOs/CrjOa vi Ti()i/Cr20j. Ty If niy frong cic mau d Quy Chfiu tfiap hon so vdi cfic mlu khai fliic d Ygn Bii.
- Ruby toong cic md mdi d Ygn Bii cd him lupng frung binh cua Cr cao hon, Fe tfiap hon so vdi raby cfla cic md cu d Ygn Bii.
TiO;
0,465-0,972 0,348-0,985 0,001-0,048 0,020-0,140
v,o.
0,003-0,017 0,005-0,022 0,001-0,022 0-0,010
Cr;03 0,004-0.019 0,004-0,017 0,006-0,528 0-0,010
Saphir Tfiy Nguyen, cac tinh miln Nam va saphir (Jufing Nam dupe phfin bift vdi saphir Ygn Bfii va Nghe An bdi chat lupng ngpc tfiip, kgm frong suit.
Him lupng Fe frimg binh frong cic mlu saphu- d Tiy Nguygn cao han nhilu so vdi saphir d cic vflng khic. Dilu niy din den, khic vdi saphir cic vflng khic, saphir Tiy Nguygn hoin friin khdng phin flng vdi tia eye tim sdng ngfin vi sdng dii.
Dfiy lfi tieu chi quan frpng di phfin bift saphir TSy Nguygn vdi saphir frong cic vflng khic nhau d Vift Nam.
VANLEfU
1. Bank H., Henn U., 1990. Rubies fixim Viefriam. Goldschmiede und Uhrmacher Zeititng, No. 12, p. 106.
2. Hanzenberger C.A., Hfiger T., Hofmeister W., Vn X.Q., Rohan Fernando G.W.A., 2003. Origin and formation of gem quality corundum from Viehiam. Proceedings of the Inlemalional Workshop on Geo- and Material - Science.
3. Kammerling R.C., KeUer A.S., Scarratt K.V, Repetto S., 1994. Update on minmg rubies and fancy s^iphires in nortfiem Viehiam. G&G, Vol. 30 No 2 pp.109-114.
l>ttp://dx.doiorg/10.574I/GEMS.30.2.109.
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4. Kane R.E., MeClure S.F., Kammerling R.C., Ngayen D.K., Mora C , Repetto S., Nguyen D.K., Koivula J.L, 1991. Rubies and fancy sapphires from Viemam. G&G, Vol. 27, No. 3 pp 136-155.
http;//dx.doiorg/I0.5741/GEMS.27.3.I36.
5. Nguyen Ngoc Khoi, Nguy Tuyet Nhung, Nguyen Thi Minh Thuyet, Phan Van Qui^h, 2007. Characteristics of corundums from Phuoc Hiep occurrence (Quang Nam Province).
Joumal of Science (Vietnam National University, Hanoi), No. 23, pp. 152-158.
6. Nguyen Ngfc Khdi, Chakkaphan Sutthirat, Diromg Anh Tuan, Nguyen Van Nam, Nguyin Thj Minh Thuylt, 2011. Ruby and sapphire ftom the Tan Huong - Trac Lau area. Yen Bai Province, northern Vietiiam. G&G, Vol. 47, No. 3,
pp- 182-195.
http;//dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.47.3.182.
7. Smith C P , , Kammerling R.C., Keller A.S., Peretti A., Scarratt K.V., Nguyen D.K, Repetto S., 1995.
S^phires fiom soutfiem Vietiiam. G&G, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 168-186.
http://dx.doi.Org/10.5741/GEMS.3I.3.I68.
SUMMARY
Study and comparison of ruby and sapphire from different deposits of Vift Nam Li Thi Thu Huang Currently, high quality raby and sapphire deposits of Vift Nam are found in Ygn Bai (Lyc Ygn disfrict) and Nghe An (Quy Chfiu and Quy Hpp) provinces. Dark color sapphire witfi large reserves is being exfracted in tfie Cenfral Highland provinces such as Gia Lai, Dak Lfik and Lfim Dong. Sapphire is also exfracted in Ddng Nai and Binh Fhugn provinces. Besides, raby and sapphire have lower reserves and quality are also exfracted m Quing Nam. By shidying and comparing mby and sapphire from different deposits in teims of gemological and chemical characteristics, one can identify typical t T r ^ ' " t ' ? H ° ^ i . r ! ! ^^°t' "^^ ^^^^^^^^ their geographical origins. Sapphire from Cenfral Highland, soutfiem provinces and from Quang Nam provinces have low gem quality in comparison to Uie samples from Ygn Bii and Nghe An. The averaged amount of Fe m Cenfral Highland sapphire is considerably higher ihan all otfier areas.
We can separate between raby from Nghf An and mby from Ygn Bii by the ratios of cobnng eleraents Fe,03/Cr.03 and TiO./Cr.O,. Even in sorae cases, raby i different deposits m Yen Bii can be distinguished by the concenfration of Cr and Fe.
Ngu&i biin tgp: PGS TS Nggy Tuyit Nhung
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