TiliP CHl NGHIEN CCfU Y HpC
Summary
HEALTH STATUS AND HEALTH SERVICES SEEKING AMONG MALE FREELANCE LABORERS IN HANOI: RESULTS FROM A
QUALITATIVE STUDY
The study was to describe tiealth problems and health services seeking among male freelance laborers in 2010 in Hanoi Results showed that male freelance laborers had a variety of health problems as well as health risks Health problems are diverse including behavioral health prob- lems, living condition- and work-related health problems, and family and social pressure-related health problems. Health risks would be diseases related to alcohol consumption, cigarette smok- ing, and especially HIV/AIDS infection and transmission Although male freelance laborers had a senes of health problems and health risks, they managed and coped with such problems in a pas- sive manner that could lead to bad health risks and consequences. The results indicated the imperative for Interventions that aim to 1) raise awareness of prevenbng nsk behaviors and 2) promote on benefits of access to utilization of health services when having a health problem Keywords; male freelance laborers, health problem(s), health services seeking, iiealth ser- vice(s}, Hanoi
MOT S d YEU TO NGUY CO BENH KHONG LAY NHIEM CLIA NGUdl DAN T U 40 - 79 TUOl TAI THANH P H 6 VIET TRJ,
PHU THQ NAM 2010
Le Quang T h o \ T r i n Thj Thanh Hircng', Nguyin Bire Hlnh^
Nguyin Minh Sang^ Lai Bire Tru'dng' 'Sa Y le Phil ThQ, 'Tnrirng Bsl hoc Y Ha Nil. 'VSn phdng To chirc Y ti Thegltti If I Viet Nam Benh khong lay nhiim (BKLN) (Jang ngay cang gia lang va chiim mil ganh nang binh lat lan tai cac niriK Hang phit triin, trong (B ci Viit Nam Itlvc tieu nghien ciru nham xac anh mot so yiu to nguy ca' SKIN bao gim hit thuoc, sir dung nivu, dinh dunng k/iong hop li. it hoat dong Ihi Ivc a nguiri dan ttr 40 - 79 tuii tai Viit trl nam 2010. Kit qua cho thay tf le hit thuoc la a nam glai li 42,7%, 1} le hut thuoc la ttia mg * nam la 60.3% va a nir li 48.1%. Tf le nguoi dan c6 chi dt Sn dirtil 5 dan vi chuan rau/qui
^ ngay la 83,1% v&i nam va 79,8% v&i nir va ll hoat dong the luc a nam gioi (35,8%) cao hon so vai nirgiii 124,2%). Ty ie tSng huyet Sp a nam f67,S%; cao han a nCr (40,3%) ca y nghTa thdng lie (p < 0.01).
Cin ap dung long ghep cSc bien phap du-phong cung nhir idem scat BKLN tai cong dong.
Ti." kh6a: y&u td nguy ca, benh kh6ng lay ilhiim, nhom tu6i 40 - 79
• ^ T V A N D E ^ . ^ j ^ j i ^ cSuv4o the ky 21 CSc bSo cSo cua BSnh kh6ng lay n h i l m (BKLN) dang t r a To chiJc Y te T h i glai (TCYTTG) cho thay,
TjBkP CHi NGHI6N cO'U Y H 9 ^ BKLN chi^m t6'i 60% (khodng 35 tri$u ngu^i) tJ 1$ tu vong toan c^u trong nam 2004 vd 79%
trong s6 ndy Id 6- cdc qu6c gia c6 thu nhdp thSp vd trung binh [1]. Du bdo rSng t;^ 1$ ti>
vong do BKLN trfin todn th^ gidi vdo ndm 2015 s§ tdng 17% so vd\ ndm 2006 vd s6 lup'ng tu vong tuy§t tj6i Id d cdc qu6c gia Tdy Thdl Binh duong vd khu vyc OOng Nam chdu A [2]
COng nhu cdc qu6c gia dang phdt tridn khde, Vi$t Nam hign nay cOng dang d6i m$t v^i su gia tdng ngdy cdng nhanh cua BKLN.
Theo ni6n gidm th6ng kd cOa BO Y t^, dya trdn bdo cdo tu h$ thing b$nh vi$n cho thSy ty 1$ hidn mie BKLN ngdy cdng gia tdng trong khi ty l§ mde b$nh Idy nhiSm dang c6 xu hud'ng gidm di Ty 1$ hi$n mSc BKLN vdo ndm 2006 Id 42,2% vd ty 10 ndy dd tdng ldn tdi 60,7% vdo ndm 2007 [3].
Cde y^u t6 nguy co chung cua BKLN bao g6m hut thuoc Id, th6i quen u6ng rup'u qud muc, dn u6ng khdng hp'p \'jf vd It hogt dOng the lye. Theo bdo cdo gin ddy nhlt eua TCYTTG thi ede yeu to nguy co ndy gdy tu vong cho 6 tri$u ngudi (lidn quan tdi hiit thudc), 3,2 trt$u ngudi (lidn quan tdi it hogt dOng thd lyc); 2,3 tridu ngudi (lidn quan tdi dn u6ng khOng hp'p 1^) [4].
Trong ndm 2010, TCYTTG ph6i hyp vdi BO Y t l , sd Y t l PhCi Thp, Trudng Dgi hpc Y Hd NO' triln khai xdy dyng mO hlnh Idng ghdp phdng chdng BKLN tgi thdnh phA Vi^t Tri, Phu Thp d l tgo ra cdc mO hlnh phdng chlng BKLN phu hp'p vdi dilu ki$n, hodn cdnh cdc dja phuong. D l cO the xdy dyng duyc cdc hogt dOng can thi^p thich hyp, nghidn cO'U ndy nhdm: "Xdc djnh mOt s6 ylu t l nguy eo b$nh khOng Idy nhilm bao g6m hut thudc, su dgng ruyu, dinh dudng khOng hyp ly, It hogt dOng thi lyc d ngudi ddn ti> 40 - 79 tu6i tgi khu vyc
thdnh thj Vl$t Trl ndm 2010".
II. D0\ TiygUG VA PHU'aNG PHAP
1. D6i tu^ng vd dja dilm nghiin cuv Ngudi ddn trong dO tuli tif 40 - 79 tuli, hi$n dang smh sing tgi 2 phudng Tidn Cdt vd Nflng Trang duye lya chpn ngSu nhidn tham gja vdo nghidn cifu, Tidu chuin logi trii- dli tuyng nghidn cO'U bao gim: (1) NhQ'ng ngudi khOng ndm trong dfl tuli trdn; (2) Nh&ng ddi tuyng hi$n dang dilu trj cdc bdnh clp tinh; (3) NhO'ng ngudi bj rli logn tdm thin, rdi loan tri nhd, bj cdm, dilc.ldm dnh hudng tdi kha ndng nghe, nOi ho^c cung clp thdng tin vd (4) NhO'ng phg nO' dang mang thai hode dang cho con bu.
2. Co mlu vd chpn m l u
2.1. C& miu: SO dyng cOng thuFC tinh cd mdu eho nghidn cCru ngang, chpn miu ngiu nhidn don theo cOng thCrc n > 1,96^ p (1-p)/d^
vdi dO tin cdy 95% vd sai s l udc luyng id 0,036 vdi ufl'c tlnh sd Itryng cd mau Id 710 ngudi, cOng thdm 10% t>d cudc thi cd mdu khoang 780 ngudi. Chiing tdi dd tiln hdnh dilu tra trdn 788 ngudi.
2.2. Cdch ChQn mau
Chpn 2 phu'dng nOi thdnh cua Vi§t Tri dya trdn y kiln ciia chuydn gia Theo cdch ndy thi Ndng Cdt vd Tidn Trgng duyc lya chpn Id dja dilm nghidn ciru. Danh sdch cua tit cd ngudi ddn trong dO tudi 40 - 79 tgi 2 phuang N6ng Cdt vd Tidn Trang du'yc thu thdp bdi cdng tdc vidn y t l . Chpn nglu nhidn don 800 dli tuyng thuflc danh sdch trdn
3. Phuxyng phdp: Nghidn ciru ngang mfl td theo cdc bu-dc cua phuong phdp STEPwise cOa TCYTTG trong. dilu tra ylu td nguy co theo so do sau:
TCNCYH 79 (2) - 2012
Cac bu'dc Phu'ong phdp
• TAP CHi NGHIEN COU Y HQC
Cdng cu Thu th|ip thdng tin v l cdc yiu td nguy co
Cac thflng tin chung v l cS nhdn vd 6\a du Th6l quen hiit thulc, udng rup'u
Dinh du'dng Hogt dOng t h i Ig-c
D o cdc chl s d SU'C k h o i C h i l u cao Cdn n^ing VOng eo C h i s d h u y l t dp
D o chi s d s i n h hod Oudng huyet
BO cdu hOi STEPwise
Cdn ndng, thude do chilu cao vd mdy do huylt dp
OMRON
Mdy do dudng huyet ACCURE check
4. Cdng cu nghien cii>u: (1) Bd cdng eg STEPS cua TCYTTG dd d u o c diCh ra t i l n g Vifetyd hi^u chmh cho thieh hyp vdi Vi$t Nam Npi dung eua bfl cau hoi gdm cde p h l n lidn quan tdi hdnh vi thuoe nhdm yeu td nguy c o cua BKLN: hut thudc, uong ru-ou, c h l dfl dn, hoat ddng the luc; (2) Thude do chieu cao vd can do trgng luyng; (3) Mdy do h u y l t dp OM- RON- de xdc djnh ch? sd h u y l t dp cua ddi tu'O'ng nghien ciru.
5. Phuvng phap t h u t h d p s d l l f u : Nhdm dieu tra vidn bao gdm 11 edn bO thuOe ede chuyen ngdnh y t l cong cdng, ky thudt vidn y hpc vd bdc sy da khoa. Nghidn c u u vidn d u y c t$p huan v l each thirc thu thdp sd Hdu eOng ntiir quy trinh trien khai nghidn cuu.
- Doi tuong nghidn cCru d u o c lya chpn ngiu nhidn frieo danh sdch vd d u y c mdi tdi
"Trgm y t l phudng theo ngdy, gid dd d u y c s l p x4p. Cdc ddi tuyng nghidn ciru l l n luyt d u y c
^ chijc qua cdc bdn khdm vd phong van theo quy trinh trdn.
^- 6. Phan tich kdt q u a : Cdc sd Hdu d u y c nli§P blng p h l n m i m EPI-DATA, sau dd
d u y c phdn tich b l n g p h l n mem STARTA 15.0. So lidu duoc phdn tich mo ta hode tuong quan. So sdnh giOa ede biln lidn tgc b l n g test Khi binh phuong vd t test duyc su dgng khi so sdnh cde bien rdi rac. Cde mire c h u i n de xde djnh tinh trang yeu td nguy eo vd tinh trang trung gian dua tren tieu chuan eua TCCYTG nhu sau'
- Tidu thu ru-gu bia- udng ruyu khong an todn khi nam udng > 5 don vl chuan/ngdy vd nO' ^ 4 don vl chuan/ngdy.
- Tidu thy rau/qua dudi mire binh thudng khi tidu thu < 5 don vj rau, qua/ngdy.
- Thira edn, bdo phi: dya trdn ehi sd BMI vdi cdc mire BMI a 23 th^a cdn; 25 > BMI s 23:
t i l n bdo phi vd BMI s 25 duyc coi Id beo phi - Tdng h u y l t dp: d u y c phdn theo cde mtrc dO sau (theo JNC VI)
Tdng huyet dp dO I. Huyet dp tdm thu 140- 159 mmHg vd/hogc Huyet dp tdm truong 90- 99 mmHg.
Tdng h u y l t dp dO II Huyet dp tdm thu 160 -179 mmHg vd/hoae Huyet ap tdm truong 100 -109 mmHg._
153
T«P CHl NGHlgN CLfU Y HQC • - TSng huy^t ap ao Hi: Huy^t Sp tam thu a ISOmmHg vS/hoSc Huy^t Sp tam tru-ang 2 IIOmmHg,
- Huylt ip 6n i5inh (quSn l> t6t)' B 6 | tuang c6 s6 (Jo huyit ap binh thu'dng nhu'ng dang dCing thu6c THA.
,. D^o Sine trong nghi§n ci^u: Nghign ci>u du'p'c thftng qua bdi HOi d6ng dao di>c trong nghiSn cilu ciJa Bl) Y ti Cic d6l lu'ang du'ac cung d p d^y dij cSc thflng tin liSn quan t&\ muc tiSu cOng nhu' njl dung cua nghlSn ci>u, cac d6i tirang du'ac tu' quyit djnh c6 tham gia nghien cii'u hay khflng vS thi hi$n bang vigc ky vao bin thoS thuan ding y tham gia nghien ciru. Oii tuang du'ac tu' vin niu kit qua xet nghiem hoac do lu'O'ng trOn miJc Bang 1. Phan b i thOi quen hijt thuic, u i n g
glOl han binh thu'dng.
III. K^T QUA
1. DJc dlim Chung cua d i i tu^ng nghiin ci>u
CO 313 nam va 476 nCr tham gia nghien ci>u. KhOng cO su' khac biOt giOa cac nhOm tuii. Tren 90% dii tu'O'ng tham gia nghiOn cCru cO trlnh do hoc vin tCi' cip 1 tr* I6n. TrOn 50%
nU trong dO tuii 40 - 79 la nOi tro' hojc buOn ban trong khi 43,9% nam giOi la 6 nha va 14.4% dl lam thue.
2. IMOt s i yiu t i nguy ca cua BKLN 2,1. Thdl quen hOt thuoc vi u6ng nr^
ru'Q'u cua ngyd'i dan 40 - 79 t u i i theo gidi
Hut thuoc
Tuii trung binh bit diu hiit thuic (tuii) 95% Cl
KhOng hiit oa tii'ng hot thuic
HiOn tai dang hOt thuic hang ngay An triu thuic nhi/ng khOng hang ngay HiOn tai an triu thuic hang ngay Hiit thuic thu dOng Uing ru'cu KhOng uing rutyu bia
CO uing bia/ru'O'u trong vOng 12 thang qua CO uing bia/ru'O'u trong 30 ngOy qua CO uing bia/rucu trong 1 tuin qua Ty ie uing trOn miic cho phOp Uong trOn 5 ngay/tuin
tJing tren 5 dan vj a nam va 4 den vl d nO- Nam n (%) 20,7 (19,5-21,9)
54 (17,3) 114(36.4) 133 (42.5) 1 (0,3)
-
168(60,3) 41 (13,1) 50 (16,0) 222 (70.9) 197 (62,9) 108(49,1)
Nip n(%)
472 (99,4) 1 (0,2) 2 (0,4) 3 (0.6) 6(1,3) 228(48,1) 340(71,6) 83(17,5) 62 (10.9) 32 (6,7) 14 (27,5) 44 (20,0)
OR (nu-Znam) 95 % C)
754(233-2437)' 0.003(0-0,026)' 0,005(0 - 0,023)' 1,98(0,2-19,1)
0,61(0,45-0,82)' 16,7(11,4-24,5)' 19.8(13,6-28,9)' 0,05 (0,03 - 0,07)' 0,04 (0,03 - 0,06)°
0,39(0,2-0,77)'
TCNCYH 79 (2) - 2012
T*P CHi NGHIEN Cl^U YHOC 'p<0,05 'p<0,01'p<0,001.
Bang 1 cho thay ty le hiOn tai dang hut thuic hojc uong ru'cu/bia d nam cao hen hin so vdi nJgi*l »a si,r khac biOt nay cO J nghla thong ke (p < 0'05). Ty 1$ nam gidi uing trOn miic cho ph«p la 49,1%, khac biet CO y nghta thing ke (p < 0,01) so vdi nO' gidl. Ty le nam gidi uong trOn 20 ton vi trong 7 ngay la 19,5% Ty le hiit thuoc la hang ngay d nam la 42,6% trong khi S6 ty le ail chi Chiem 0,4% d nO'. Ty le hiit thuic la thu OOng cao d c l 2 gidl vO sir khac bi$t nay cO y nghla thong k6(p< 0,001).
2.2. Dinh dircmg va ho^t d^ng the life
Bang 2. Phan bO thOi quen dinh du'dng ciia ngu'di dan 40 - 79 t u i i theo gidi
Chl do an
Tifeu thy qua tmng binh/ngOy TiSu thu rau trung binh/ngay Tieu thu rau va qua trung binh/ngay
Nam mean (95 01%)
0,9 (0,8 - 0,97) 2,32(2,1 -2,6) 3,2 (3,0 - 3,4)
Nir mean (95 Ci%)
0 , 9 ( 0 , 8 - 1 , 0 ) 2 , 5 ( 2 , 4 - 2 , 7 ) 3,5 (3,2 - 3,7)
OR (Nip/Nam) 9S % Ci
1,06(0,9-1,2) 1,07(1,0-1,2) 1,06(1,0-1,1)
Nam gidl tidu thu trung binh 3,2 don vj rau vd qua/ngay trong khi nu gidi tieu thu b mire 3,5 dan vj/ngay Tuy nhien khOng ed su khdc biet co y nghTa thong ke giu'a nam vd nu.
Bang 3. Tieu thu rau/qua va hoat dong the tu>c theo gidi
Tifeu thu rau qua
Ti6u thu rau/qua dudi mdc chuan Tieu thu rau/qua tren mdc c h u i n Hoat dpng the lu'C trung binh/ngay Hoat dOng the lu'C mdc nhe HcatdOng t h i lyc mdc trung binh Hoat dOng the lu'C mdc nang
Nam n (%)
260(83,1) 53(16,9)
112(35,8) 114(36,4) 87 (27,8)
NO- n (%)
378 (79,6) 97 (20,4)
115(24,2) 236 (49,7) 124(26,1)
OR (Nip/Nam) 95 % Cl
0,79(0,5-1,1) 1,26(0,9-1,8)
0,57(0,4-0,8) 1,72(1,3-2,3)' 0,92(0,7-1,3)
'p<B,05 'p <0,01'p < 0,001
Bang 3.cho thay ty ie tieu thu rau/qua d du-di mdc chuin rat cao d ca nam (83,1%) va n*
79,6'/.). Khong cO sif khac biet gida nam va nd vdi hoat ding the lu'C trung blnh/ngOy vdi mdc loatdOng nhe va nang, tuy nhiSn ty le nam gidi cO mdc hoat dflng the iuc mdc trung binh/ngay d lam cao hon d nd va sy khac biet nay cO y nghta thing ke (p < 0,001).
TiJP CHi NGHlfiN CI>U Y HQC - 2.3. Tlnh tr^ng nguy cty trung gian
Bing 4 cho thiy ty 10 thda can va bOo phi d nam va nd trong nhOm tuii 40 - 79 la tycng dycng nhau, trong khi ty le tang huyil Op d nam (67,8%) cao hen cO i nghla thing ke (p < 0,01) so vdi ndgidi (40,3%).
Bang 4. Tinh trang nguy cc trung gian cua ngu'di dan 40 - 79 t u i i theo gidl
Ty le thda can Ty 10 bio phi Ty le tang huyit ap Phan dO huyit a'p Huyit ap dO i Huyit apdO II Huyit ap dO III
Huyet ap i n dmh dang diiu tri thuic
Nam n (%) 67(21.4) 36(11,2) 181 (57,8) 101 (32,3) 48(15,3) 24 (7,7) 8 (2,6)
NO' n (%) 99 (20,9) 67(14.1) 191 (40,3) 99 (20,9)
40 (8,4) 21 (4,4) 31 (6,5)
OR (Nip/Nam) 95 % Cl 0.97(0,68-1,37) 1,31 (0,84-2,02) 0,49 (0,36-0,66)°
0,55 (0,4-0,76)' 0,51 (0,32-0,79)' 0,56(0,31-1,02) 2,66(1,21-5,88)'
*p<0,05 " p < 0.01'' p < 0,001.
IV. BAN LUAN
Cac ylu td nguy co ciia b^nh khdng Idy nhilm
Ty Id hilt thulc Id d nam gidi 40 - 79 tuli trong nghidn ciru cua chung tdi thip hon so vdi dilu tra qu6e gia v l hiit thulc Id cQng nhu ty l | hut Siulc Id eua nhdm 25 - 64 tuli tai vCing nOng thdn d Thdi Nguydn [5, 6]. M$c dii v$y, ty 1$ ndy vln eOn rlt cao vd cdc gidi phdp nhu tdng cudng cdc chl tdi, tnjyln thOng, tu vln bO thuic Id vin duyc coi Id cdc giat phdp can thidp quan trpng trong phdng BKLN tgi ddy. Ty 1$ hiit thule thy dOng cao d cd 2 gldi, ddc bl0t vdi nam gidi ty Id ndy ldn tdi 60%. Hiit thudc Id thy dOng eung dd duyc chO'ng minh gdy ndn gdnh ndng bdnh tdt ldn [7], Tdng cudng cdc chl tdi d l c6 thi thye thi quyit djnh 1315/QB TTg ngdy 21/8/2009 cua Chlnh phO v l elm hut thudc Id noi eOng cOng vd cOng sd Id bi$n phdp hidu qud
dd duyc Chung minh tgi nhilu noi.
Ty l | uing aryu trdn mire cho phdp d nam gidi trong nghidn ciru cua chung tOi id 20%.
Kilm sodt hdnh vi uing ruyu vln c6n Id mOt "bdi todn khd" d Vi$t Nam khi thOi quen uing cdc logi ruyu "ty nlu" vln chilm phi biln tgi ede viing ndng thOn d Vi$t Nam Rat nhilu nghidn cuu dd chirng minh duyc ruyu Id ylu t l nguy co cua 15 b$nh ly [8].
Kit qud tCr nghidn ciru ndy cho thiy mdc dti cdc logi rau/qud d Vl$t Nam khd nhilu nhung cd tdi 83% nam gidi vd gin 80% nO" gidi trong dd tuli 40 - 79 tudi dn dudi 5 don vi chuan rau qud/ngdy, Dilu ndy cd thi do ngudi ddn chua y thuc duyc vln de dinh dudng hyp iy tnang vide phdng trdnh cdc BKLN. Mdt IJ do nOa cd thi Id Vidt Nam cd mOt giai doan chuyin doi tu nin kinh te tdp trung quan lidu bao cap khi ma phln Idn mgi ngudi phai lo idng cho tirng bira dn din khi chuyen sang nen kinh te ttij
156 TCNCYH 79 (2) - 2012
tru'dng la thdi diem ede loai thyc p h i m luOn (3a dang va d§ kiem cOng Idm thay d l i thdl quen dn uong cua ngudi ddn. K i t qud ndy cOng goi y cho nhan vidn y t l vd cdc nhd hoach djnh chlnh sdch xem xdt tdi tlnh uu tidn cho vdn de dinh du&ng vd dua ra cde giai phap ve truyen th6ng, dao tgo vd cdc hudng din cy the ve thdi quen dinh dudng hyp 1^
trong phdng vd kiem sodt BKLN
mc du it hoat dOng t h i lyc d u y c coi nhu la mot y l u to nguy eo gdy ndn ede b$nh mgn tinh nhirng dudng nhu r l t it cdc hudng d i n cOng nhu cac hoat ddng mang tlnh hd thong vd chi tiet cho cac nOi dung ndy, ddc bidt trong phong va dilu tn eae BKLN. K i t qua thu nhdn airo€ cho thdy 35% nam gidi vd 24% nO'. gidi trong nhdm tuoi 40 - 79 t u l i d Vidt Tri ed hoat 36ng the luc d mire hoat dOng t h i lyc nh? Ty le nay cao hon so vdi k i t qua nghidn ciru tai :ac xa nong thon eua Thdi Nguyen [5]. Gan 3ay CO rlt nhilu nghien ciru dua ra nhung }ang Chung khdng d|nh v l vai trO ciia hoat long the lyc trong phdng vd dieu tri BKLN [9], Zk\ CO nhung nghien eiru sdu hon d l c6 t h i lira ra du-oc cac hudng d i n luydn tdp ehi t i l t :ho benh nhan cung nhu cho cpng dong
Unh trang nguy c o trung gian cua b^nh (hong lay nhilm
Ket qua nghien eiru ndy cho t h i y ty Id thira an a nam vd nu gidi gan tuong duong nhau 'a chilm khoang 2 1 % . Trong khi d6 tJ Id bdo Ihi ff nir cao hon so vdi nam gidi, T^ Id ndy iOng tuong t u nhu k i t qua nghidn ciru cOa not s6 cac qu6c gia khdc trSn the gidl [4] . Ihu' vgy, hudng d i n mdt che dO dn vd hoat 'Sng the chit hop ly se Id mOt trong nhdng an thidp cdn t h i l t trong nhirng ndm tdi Tai 'i^t Trl, ty le tang h u y l t dp d nam gidi eao O'n hin so vdi n u gidi va s u khdc bl0t ndy ed nghTa thing ke (p < 0,01) Ty 1^ tdng h u y l t
TAP CHi NGHIEN Ct^U Y HQC
dp trong nhOm 40 - 79 t u l i cao gan g l p 2 l l n so vdi nhdm 25 - 64 tuoi theo dieu tra quoc gia v l tdng huyet dp tai Vidt Nam [10], Nhu vdy, n l u mO hlnh qudn ly tdng huylt dp tgi cdng d i n g chf then khai cho nhdm 25 - 64 t u l i thi se b l s6t mOt ty Id Idn cdc trudng hyp tdng huylt dp d nhdm trdn 65 tuoi vd nhdm ndy mdi Id nhdm chinh edn quan ly tdng huylt dp tai cdng dong Vidt Nam
V. K^T LUAN
Ty 1$ cde yeu to nguy eo BKLN eua nhdm tuoi 40 - 79 tai Viet Tri, Phu thp bao gom'
Ty Id hilt thude Id d nam gidi Id 42,7%; ty Id hilt thuoe Id thu ddng d nam la 60,3% vd d nu Id 48,1%, Ty Id ngudi dan cd che dd dn dudi 5 don vj ehuan rau/qua trong ngdy Id 83,1%
vdi nam va 79,8% vdi n u Ty 16 it hoat ddng the lyc d nam gidi (35,8%) eao hon so vdi nU gidi (24,2%). Ty le thira tang huyet dp d nam (57,8%) cao hon d nU (40,3%) tao nen sy khac bidt cd y nghTa t h i n g ke (p < 0,01), Can dp dung Idng ghep cac. bien phap d y phdng cung nhu kiem soat BKLN tai cdng dong
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Abdallah S. Daar; Peter A. Singer, Oeepa Leah Persad et al (2007). Grand challenges in chronic non-communicable diseases. 450.
2. Lopez A.D; Mathers C D ; Ezzati M D.T;
Murray (2006). Global Burden of disease and risk factors Oxford University Press and World Bank,
3. Ministry of Health (2009). Reports on results of NCDs prevention and Control in Vietnam after 5 years implementation at the National Conference on NCDs Prevention in .Hanoi, 2009.
TAP CHl NGHlfeN CU'U Y HQC
4. WHO (2011). Globia status report on 8. Corrao G et al (2004). A meta-analysis non-communicable diseases World Health of alcohol consumption and nsk of 16 dis- Organosation eases. Preventive Medicine, 38:613-619
5. L^l Bifc Trirerng (2010). Nguy co b$nh 9. WHO (2010). Global recomendations on khOng lay nhi§m tai ThSI Nguy«n vS hi«u quS physical activity for health The World Health cua nang cao sue khde v4 dinh du&ng hop ly Organisation,
LuSn an Ti^n sf y hoc 10. Vl^n tim m?ch Vl#t Nam (2009). Bao 6. VINACOSH (2009). DiAu tra qu6c gia vi cao \iit qui Chu'cng trinh qu6c gia phbng va hilt thu6c la BO Y ti kiim soat tang huy^t ap tai cOng i36ng trong 7. WHO (2010). Global estimate of the bur- HOI thiio bao oao 5 nam thi/c hi^n Chuiong den of disease from second-hand smoke trlnh phOng va kl4m soat bOnh khOng lay World Health Organisation nhiSm t6 chCro tai Ha NOi
Summary
RISK FACTORS OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN PEOPLE AT AGE GROUP 40-79 IN VIET TRI, PHU THO 2010
Non-communicabie diseases (NCDs) are increasing and responsible for large proportion of disease burden in developing countries, inlcuding Vietnam The study was to investigate the risk factors of NCDs include lifestyle on smoking, alcohol dnnking, inapropnate nutrition and in-physical activity in the people at the group 40-79 in urban area of Viet Tri in 2010 The resrults showed that the prevalence of smoking in male was 42 7% while the rate of passive smoking was In men and women is 60,3%, 48 1%, respectively. The prevalence of people who had less than 5 standard servings of fruit/vegetable was in 83.1 % for men and 79.8% for women The prevalence of physical activity at low level In male (35.8) was higher than females (24 2%). The prevalence of hypertension in male (57.8%) was significantly higher than females (40.3%) with p < 0 01 In con- clusion. It is needed to apply integrated interventional approach in NCDs prevention and control in the community.
Key workd; risk factors, non-communicable disease, age group 40 - 79
HOAT DONG T H £ LUC VA MOT S6 Y^U i d NGUY CO CtiA BENH KHONG LAY NHiewi TRONG NHOM 40 - 79 TUdi TAI
THANH PHd VIET TRJ, PHU THO NAM 2010
NguySn Minh Sang\ Nguyin Thu Hoai.\ Trln Thj Thanh Huwng\
Nguyin Oijc Hinh', Lai Dipc Traima'
^Tnrirng Dai hqc Y Hi N^i. 'vSn phdng T6 chOc y t4 the g/{W tai VIM Nam it hoat dOng thi luc (HDTLj IS m0t trong c^c yiu Id nguy ca quan trqng cda b^nh iihdng lay nhiem (BKLN) Nghien ciru nham md ta mdi iiSn h^ giua hoat ddng thi Iqc va m0t so yiu t6 nguy ccr cUa BKLN 158 TCNCYH 79 (2) - 2012
