I J sir KIEN VMOt
rim Idi giai ve bai loan von Quy hoacli dien VII
cho
THAI LINH
N
ham d a m bao nguon di?n p h u c vu phat t r i l n kinh te giai d o a n 2006 2010, ngay 18 thang 7 nam 2007, Thii tuong Chinh phii da ban hanh Q u y l t dinh s6' 110/2007/QD-TTg phe duyet Quy hoach phat triln dien luc quoc gia giai doan 2006 - 2015 CO xet den n3m 2025 (Quy hoach dien VI).Theo Quy hoach didn VI, d l dap ling nhu cau phat trien kinh te - Xii hoi dat nuoc \ o i m u c tang truong GDP khoang 8,5-9%/nam giai doan 2006-2010 va cao b a n . . . thi nganh Dien phai dau tu 98 d u an trong giai doan 2006 - 2015 voi tong cong sua't la 58.000 MW, trong do. Tap doan Dien luc Viet Nam (EVN) thuc hien 50 d u an, tcing cong sua't 33.200 MW (chiem 57%). Sau 5 n a m thuc hien, h a u h i t cac d u an n g u o n va luoi didn trong Quy hoach da dupe p h a t dien van hanh, co ban d a p ung dii nhu cau dien cho phat trien kinh te - xa hoi va doi s6'ng nhan dan. Trong giai d o a n thuc hi^n Quy hoach difn VI, Tap doan Di^n luc Vi^t Nam da dua vao van hanh 25 to may thupc 19 d u an ngu6n didn moi v6i t6ng c6ng suat 6.177 MW (kl ca dau t u luai dien d l mua them 940 MW di^n Trung Quoc), chilm 79,9% tong cong suat nguon ciia EVN dupe giao, trong d o , cong sua't cac n g u o n dien dua vao van h a n h theo tung n a m n h u sau: 2006: 410 MW; 2007: 364 MW; 2008: 852 MW; 2009: 1.806 MW; 2010: 1.805 MW. Vao thang 12/2010, EVN da p h a t dien to m a y so 1 Thiiy dien Son La (vuat tien dp 2 n a m ) . Hi§n
nay, FVN dang triln khai thyc hi^n xay d u n g 18 d u an nguAn diOn vai l6ng e6ng suSft 9.854 MW, trong d o co cac d u an trpng d i l m , nhu: Thiiy d i | n Son La, Lai Chau, Nhi^t di^n Hai Phong 2, Q u a n g Ninh 2, VTnh Tan 2, Duy&n Hai 1, Nghi Son 1. Trong gini doan nay, EVN cung da hoan thanh dua v,io van h i n h 532 cong trinh lucVi dien tu 110 kV-500 kV trOn pham vi ca nuoc (l6ng chilu dai d u o n g dSy la 8.405 km va tong d u n g lutmg TBA 26.083 MVA... Tinh den cuoi nam 2010, tong khd'i lupng luai d i | n do cac don \ i thupc EVN dau tu va quan ly van hanh khoang 27.130 km d u o n g day 110 kV-500 kV; hon 134.230 km d u o n g day trung the;
138.170 km d u o n g day ha the;
tong d u n g lupng TBA cao t h i (110 kV 500 kV) la 59.500 MVA;
tong d u n g lupng TBA trung t h i va ha the gan 32.000 MVA. Theo d a n h gia cua EVN, hau h i t , cac d u an da riit ngan thoi gian thuc hi&n e6ng tac chuan bj dau tu, d a u thau, thu x i p von, n§n tiln dp cac d u an thuong hoan thanh som ban tCr 1 - 2 nam. Co dupe k i t qua kha quan sau 5 nam thuc h i | n Quy hoach dien VI n h u vay la d o Chinh phii cho p h i p ap d u n g cac co e h l dac thu, giiip cho chii dau tu chii d p n g hon trong qua trinh triln khai va kjp th6i xii ly cac tinh h u o n g phat sinh. C h u dau tu dupe q u y I n quyet dinh loan bp cac khau chinh trong qua trinh chuan bi va thuc hien d a u tu cac d u an, dac biet li§n q u a n d i n van d l lua ehpn nha thau theo hinh thuc chi djnh thau. N h a thau tai cac d u an dupe chi dinh som nen da chii d 6 n g va b6' tri dugc n g u o n von, vat tu, thilt bi, lao dpng, khong bi liing tiing ma
n h 6 d o tiln dO thi cong da riit ngSn du pe thai gian.
Theo Q u y l t dinh s ^ 1208/QD- TTg ngay 21 thang 7 nSm 2011 ciia Thu tuong Chinh phii v l vide phd duy^t Q u y hoach phat triln d i | n luc quoc gin giai doan 2011 2020 CO xet den 2030 (Quy hoach diOn VII), EVN thuc hi&n nhi^m vu dupe giao la d a u tu va dua vao van hanh cac d u an nguon di^n va Ccic d u an luai di^n truyin tai.
Dae biel, Quy hoach dien VII tSp t r u n g uu tien p h a t trien cac nguAn nang lupng tai tao (dien gio, didn m a t trai, dien sinh khoi,...) cho san xuat dien, dua tong cong suat nguon dien gio tu miic khong d a n g k l hien nay len khoang l.OOOMW vao nam 2020, khoang 6.200MW vao nam 2030;
dien n a n g san xuat tu nguon dien gio chiem ty trpng tu 0,7% nam 2020 len 2,4"o \'ao nam 2030. Quy hoach c u n g u u tien phat trien cac n g u o n thiiy dien, nha't la cac du an IcTri ich tong hpp n h u d u an ch6'ng ICi, cap nuoc, san xuat dien, d u a tong cong sua't cac nguon thiiy dien t u 9.200MW hi&n nay len 17.400MW vao nam 2020.
Ngoai ra, se d u a to may dien hat n h a n d a u tien ciia Viet Nam vao van h a n h n a m 2020 va d i n nam 2030, d u kilii, n g u o n d i l n hat n h a n s§ d a t dd'n cong sua't 10.700MW, san xuat dupe khoang 70,5 ty kWh (chiem 10,1% san lupng dien san xua't). Phat trien cac nha m a y nhi&t dien voi ty le thich h p p , p h u h p p voi kha nang cung cap va p h a n bo ciia cac n g u o n nhien li^u: khi thi^n nhiSn, khi thien nhien hoa long (LNG), than va hat nhan.
D6'i voi luoi dien truyen tai, Chinh phii chia lam hai giai doan p h a t triln. Trong giai doan 1 (tii
:>Ky 1, thang 5/2012. .Website: www.tapchicongnghiep.vn
SUKItN
— _ — - — ™ ^ ™ | —
JMNDTQI
^
Thi cong Tr^m bien ap 500 /cV Hi^p Hoa
2011 din 2016), se tang cuang them 27 may biln ap (MBA) voi tong cong sua't 17.100 MVA cho cac tram 500 kV va 51 duong day 500 kV voi 3.833 km; 10.637 km duong day 220 kV; dau tu them 171 may bien ap 220 kV voi tong cong sua't 35.836 MVA. Giai doan 2 (tu 2016 den 2020) se co them:
31 tram bien ap 500 kV voi tong cong sua't la 26.750 MVA; 79 mach duong day 500 kV voi 4.539 km; hon 5.305 km duong day 220 kV; bo sung them 175 MBA voi tong cong suat la 39.063 MVA. Su bo sung do la rat can thiet cho chien lupc phat triln ciia nganh Dien, tu do, nang cao dp tin cay cho vi^c cung cap di6n, giam ton tha't dien nang, dam bao huy dpng thuan Ipi cac nguon dien trong mua mua, mua kho va huy d6ng cac nguon dien trong mpi ehl dp van hanh ciia thi truong dien. Tang cuong hien dai hoa luoi dien, nghiSn ciiu trien khai c6ng nghe "luoi dien th6ng minh - Smart Grid", sii diing cac tiiilt bi FACTS, SVC, hien dai hoa he thong dieu khien; Ca'p dien ap 500 kV la cap truyin tai sieu cao ap chii yeu ciia Viet Nam; Nghien cuu kha nang xay dung cap dien ap 750 kV, 1.000 kV hoac truyen tai sieu cao ap m6t chilu HVDC sau nam 2020.
Ngoai ra, Quy hoach dien VII con chii trpng din viec cung cap didn cho khu vuc nong th6n, miln niii, hai dao, phaih dau din nam 2015, se co 100% so xa va 98,6% so hp dan nong thon co dien, dau tu xay moi bang luoi didn quoc gia hoac nguon dien tai ch6. Dl thuc hien muc tieu do, trong giai doan 2011-2015, Nha nuoc se dau tu ma rpng luoi dien quoc gia cung cap cho 500.000 hp dan nong thon; cap didn tu nguon nang lupng tai tao cho khoang 377.000 hp dan nong thon. Giai doan 2016-2020, dau hx ca'p dien moi tu luoi quoc gia cho 200.000 hp dan nong thon; cap dien tu nguon nang lupng tai tao cho khoang 231.000 hp dan nong thon. Tir day, se la dpng luc d l hoan thanh chuong trinh dien khi hoa, gop phan day nhanh c6ng nghidp hoa, hidn dai hoa khu vuc nong thon.
Theo cac chuydn gia nang lupng, vuong mic ca ban d l thuc hien thanh cong Quy hoach didn VII la lam the nao huy dpng dupe nguon von d l thuc hien cac du an. R6 rang voi nhu cau v6'n rat Ion, khong co ca ehl nao co thi huy dpng dupe von nlu cac nha dau tu khong xac dinh dupe Ipi iJiuan va san long bo v6h ra.
Tong von dau tu cho toan nganh
Didn din nam 2020 khoang 48,8 ty USD, trung binh moi nam can thu xd'p nguon von khoang 5 ty USD cho dau tu phat triln nguon va luoi didn (trong do, nguon didn chid'm 66,6%, \u6n di^n chilm 33,4% tong von dku tu).
Nguon von huy dpng chii ylu tii doanh nghidp nganh Didn, cac tong cong ty, tap doan nha nuoc va v^n vay eiia cac t6 chuc nuoc ngoai. Vi vay, EVN ra't can su quan tam, ho trp tu Chinh phii, Bp, ban, nganh lidn quan din van d l von, ma gia dicn la nguydn nhan sau xa nha't can phai giai quyet. Khong thilu v6'n la dilu kien can va dii cho vide dam bao hoan thanh tien dp cac du an trong Quy hoach didn VII, nhu Pho Thii tuong Hoang Trung Hai da tung noi: "Quy hoach di^n VII eh^c chin kho khan hon Quy hoach dien VI, nha't la vide huy dpng von se kho khan hon tiuae nhilu. Khong phai ehi rieng nin kinh t l nuoc ta, ma kinh te ca the' gioi cung dang kho, huy dpng von trong va ngoai nuac d i u kho khan, trong khi phai dam bao tang dupe 5.000 MW/nam. Day la dilu hit sue nan giai, vi vay phai CO giai phap d l thuc hien Quy hoach nay va day mardj huy dpng von. Nhu cau cao hon, von nhilu ban vi gia da len mot mat bang moi, chi phi dau tu mpt nha may didn sd eon cao niia, dan toi thu hiit v6'n dau tu kho hon.
Nhung no ciing co tilm nang Ion la ma ra th| truong, mo ra co ehl dilu chinh gia dien d l gia gan tilp can voi thi truong. Do la loi giai cho bai toan kho vl von. No ciing tuy thupc vao dilu kidn thi truong d l chiing ta co thi thuc hif n dupe nhiing buoc di nhu vay"
Kho khan la thi, nhung van hy vpng, "bai toan kho v l von'' cho Quy hoach didn VII se dupe giai. Khi bai toan von da giai xong, va'n de thilu didn o Viet Nam se khong con la chii d l phai ban cai. •>
Ky I, thang 5/2012 «C6NCNGHI£P 9