r l N c u u - TRAO 0 6 1
DOI Mdi CONG TAC KIEM DINH CHAT Ll/ONG DAUVAOCONGCHQC
f)ANG XUAN HOAN*
KiSm dinh diit luQng diu vio la m0t budc trong quy trinh tuydn d^ng cdy nghia quan trgng trong ddi mdi md hinh tuydn di^g cdng chiie, bdivi khdng chi lisu sang lgc dSl{m chgn cie tbi sinh cd ning luc cin thidt trd thinh cdng chih: mi cdn gdp phin khoa hgc hda, minh b^chhda quy trinh tuydn dung cdng chtic, taorangudn thisinh thtrc sued chdt lugng dS cic coquan, don vi sd di^g thirc hi$n cic budc tidp theo trong quy trinh tuydn di^g Tdkhda: KiSm dinli chatluang; cdngchuc; thi tuyen; tuyen dung; quin Iy; ddi mdi.
Entrance quahty testing is a step in the recruitment process, which is ofsigniScance in renovating the civil servant recnutment It allows not only to screen quallGed candidates to be recruited as civil servants but also make the recruitment systematic and transparent, create a pool of quahty candidates for agencies and organizations to carry out the next steps in the recruitment.
Keywords: Quality testing; civil servant; recruitment examination; recruitment; management;
renovate.
NGAYNHAN: 20/3/2020 N G A Y P H A N B I | N , D A N H G I A ; 2 5 / 5 / 2 0 2 0 N G A Y D U Y ^ : 11/6/2020
1. Cdng tdc tuygn diing cdng chiie 6 Viet Nam nhung ndm qua
Thuc hien Nghi quyet sd 26-NQ/TW ngay 19/5/2018 ciia Hgi nghi ISn thii bay Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang (khoa XII) v^ tap trung xay dung dpi ngu can bg cae cap, nhat la cap chien lupe, dii pham chat, nang lue va uy tin, ngang tam nhiem vu, thdi gian qua, Chfnh phii, Bg Ndi vu da va dang cd nhirng nd luc de ddi mdi cdng tac tuyen dung cdng chiic d nud'C ta, xay dung md hinh tuyen dung, mo hinh kiem dinh chat lugng dau vao (KDCLDV) thuc su khoa hpc, hieu qua.
Tuyen dung cong ehiic cd vai trd dac biet quan trgng trong tdng the chu trinh quan ly cdng ehiic. Hoat dgng tuyen dung dupc thuc hien hieu qua khdng chi bo khuyet cho vi tri cong ehiic cdn thieu ma cdn tao nen tang cho viee nang cao chat lupng dgi ngu cdng chiie. Tuy nhien, hieu qua tuyen dung eong chiic cdn phu thuge vao nhieu yeu td tii khung the che, phuong tliuc tuyen dung, quy trinh tuyen dung, ngi dung tuyen dung, phuang thirc xae dinh ddi tugng tning tuyen cdng chiie...
* TS, Hoc vien Hdnh chinh Quoc gia
TAP CHl QUAN LY NHA Nl/(JC - SO 293 (6/2020)
N G H I E N cifu-TRAO o 6 i
6 nirdt ta, trong nhtmg nam qua, hoat dpng tuydn dung cpng chue da cd niiieu ddi mdi. Tren CO sd £uar Can bp, cdng cfiiic ndm 2008, cdc quy dinh chung cua Chinh phu, cac bp, nganh, dia phirong da cu the hda quy dinh ve tuyen dung cong chirc cho phu hpp vai ddc di^m, thuc ti^n cua hp, nganh, dia phuong. Tham quyen tuyen dung va tham quyen su dung ngay cang cd su gdn ket.
Tuygn dung cong chiic theo yen cau vi tri viec lam (VT\1) ngay cang dupc the hien rd nit trong qua trinh tuyen dung. Cac nguyen tdc khach quan, cdng hdng, minh bach, chat lugng trong tuy^n dung phdn nao dtroc bao ddm thong qua no luc ung dung cdng nghe thdng tin trong tuyen dung cdng chiic.
Tuy nhien, boat dgng tuydn diing cdng chue d nudc ta hien nay vdn cdn dpi mdt voi khong it nhiing thdch thtrc. Ndi dung tlii tuydn cdng chue mdc du ttrong ddi toan dien nhtmg chira kidm tra dirpc toan dien ky ndng cua ngudi du tuyen. Trong khi dd, vi tri cdng chirc khdng chi ddi hoi kien thirc chuyen mon ma cdn can cd ndng luc, ky ndng cua hoat dgng cdng vu. Hon nira, qud trinh tuydn dungchuathircsuldqud trinh ddnh gid ndng luc vdi nhtrng thtrdc dg hieu qua de tuyen dung ling vien cho vi tri cdng chirc can tuyen.
Md hinh myen dung cong chile theo hirdng phdn cdp cung bpclptihiinghancheve cdch lam, ve viec bao dam tinh khdch quan, cdng khai, minh bach trong boat dpng tuyen dung, ddn den chat Itrong tuyen dung cong chirc vdn cdn la mpt cau hpi Ion.
Thuc trang neu tren dang la thdng diep gay gdt tir thuc tien, ddi hoi can cd nhimg budc chuyen quan trpng trong tuyen dung cdng chue 6 nudc ta. Chinh vi vay. Dang va Chinh phu chu truong ddi mai cong tac tuyen dung cdng chiic, trong do da xae dinh:
thdng nhat viec KDCLDV cdng chirc de cdc dia phirong, co quan, dtm vi lira chgn, tuyen dung theo yeu cdu, nhiem vii; ddng thdi, nghien ciiu phan cap kiem diidi theo linh
\Trc ddc thu vd theo \'img, khu vuc.
2. Nhiing quan di«m, nguyto tdc vd md hinh kidm dinh chJt lugng ddu vao cdng chue
KDCLDV cdng chiic la khau dSu tten trong chu trinh qudn ly cong chiic, cd y nghia quyft dinh chdt lupng ciia dpi ngu cong chirc, do dd, cdn phai xdc dinh rd nhung quan didm, nguyen tdc vd md hinh sau:
- Vi quan diim:
(1) Phdi can cu vao yeu cdu, nhiem vu, VTVL vd chi tieu bien che va thdng qua thi myen dieo nguyen tdc cdng khai, minh bach, khdch quan va dung phdp luat, bao ddm tinh canh ttanh. Hirdi thirc dii, ngi dung dii tuy^n cdng chiic phai phit hpp vdi nganh, nghd, bdo ddm lua chpn dupc nhitng ngudi c6 pham chat, ttinh dp va nang luc dap irng yeu cau tuyen dung.
(2) Phdi ludn dat d trang thai "dpng", cd su lien didng nhat djnh giira ngudn nhan luc khu vuc cdng vdi ngudn nhdn luc khu vi;c tu.
Do do, viec xay dung VTVL vdi ban md td cdng viec cua moi vi tri chiic danh vdi nhiing nhiem vu het siic cu the, chi tidt, ddy dii chirc nang, nhiem vu, khdi lupng cdng viec, cdc irng xii can thiet cho timg vi tri, de tir do cd CO sd tuyen dung ngudn nhan luc "dung nguoi" dap iing dugc yeu cau ciia VTVL.
(3) Chiu anh huong cua cac yeu td kinh te, van hda, xa hgi. Nha nuoc can ttnh toan day du su tac dgng cua viec tuyen dung d^n cac khia canh ve kinli te, xa hpi va vdn hpa.
Tren phuong diin kinh ti. cdn bdp ddm hieu qua ve kinh te, giam thieu ddn miic thdp nhdt chi phi cua Nha nudc, chi phi cua xa hpi, chi phi ciia thi sinh tham du kj KDCLDV cdng chirc.
Trin phuong diin xa hpi: can bao ddm hieu qud ve mat xa hpi, tao niem tin vd mn hinh kiem dinh thuc su cong khai, cdng bdng, nghiem tuc, tao dieu kien cho nhirng ngudi cd nang luc dupc lira chpn vd CO hpi ttd dianh cong chiic; gdp phan cung cd va tdng cudng niem tin cua ngudi dan va doanh ngiiiep vao he thdng cong vu.
TAP CHl Q U A N LY N H A Nl/tSC - S6 293 (6/2020)
NGHIEN ciru-TRAO06l
Tren phuong dien phap ly: cac quy dinh nay chi cd tac dpng nh^t dinh den he thdng quy dinh phap luat chuyen nganh ve can bg, cong chiic, vien chue, khdng tac dgng den cSc quy dinh thude chuyen nganh khac.
Hoat ddng !3)C1DV cdng ehiic khdng lam phdt sinh thgm thu tuc hanh chinh mdi.
- VS nguyen tic, can bio dam cac nguyen tic sau:
(1) Bao dam tinh cong khai, minh bach, khach quan, diing phap luat.
Cae thdng tin lien quan tdi tuyen dung (nhu danh sdch ngudi dii dieu kien, diem so cua cdc ling vien, danh sach iing vien dat yeu cau) phai dupe edng bd rdng rai, ro rang dgn nhi^u ddi tupng trong xa hdi, tranh viec cd y thu h^p pham vi ddi tupng dupc thdng tin n h ^ muc tieu vu lpi. Khi cd ydu cau cSn ph^ giai dap ro rang cac thdc m^c cua ngudi ling tuygn va cac ddi tupng khde cd hen quan. Ddng thdd, miic dp cung cap thdng tin hay xic dinh ngudi triing tuyen ciing phai dupc thuc hign theo eae quy dinh phap luat, trdnh thien vi giiia cae iing vien. Nguyen tdc cdng khai, minh bach, khach quan va phap luat se giiip cdng tac kiem dinh tranh dupe nhung hien tupng tieu cue nhu tham nhung, hdi lp... va nang eao chat lugng dau vao eua cdng chiic.
(2) Bio dam tinh canh tranh.
The hien 6" viec tuyen dung cdng chiic ph^ can cii vao nang luc thuc su, kinh nghiem hoat ddng thuc te phu hpp vdi VTVL ciia ngudi iing tuyen; sd lupng ngudi dang ky du tuyen phai nhieu hon sd lupng chi tieu bien chg duac tuyen. Viec td chiic thi tuyen phii nghiem tiie, phai danh gia diing nang luc thuc su cua ngudi du tuyen, bao dam eho mpi ling vien tham gia du tuygn vdi dieu kien nhu nhau eo ca hpi nhu nhau.
(3) Dua tren cic tieu ctiive nang lire dip dngy^u ciu VTVL.
KDCLDV cdng ehiic phai bao dam
nguyen tdc dua vao \iec de tim ngudi, phai lua chpn nhiing ngudi dap iing duac yeu cau nhiem vu cua tung VTVL; phai can cii vac yeu cdu edng viee, VTVL va khung nang lue de xay dung ndi dung thi tuyen. KDCLDV edng chiic khdng don thuan la boat ddng kiem tra hieu biet ciia thi sinh ve kien thiie chung, ngoai ngu, tin hpc ma qua trinh danh gia nang luc ciia thi sinh, la su td hgp cae tieu chl, la mgt bai thi td hgp de lua chgn eae thi sinh ed cac nang luc can thiet de dug'c lua chpn tra thanh eong ehiie.
(4) Ung dung cong nghe thongtin vao tdt ca cac khau cua qua trinh kiem dinh.
Ung dung triet de cdng nghe thdng tin trong KDCLDV cdng chiic gdp phan tiet kiem thdi gian, ehi phi, dan gian hda nhieu thii tue, hd sa, giay td trong qua trinh danh gia nang luc thi sinh. tJng dung cdng ngh6 thdng tin cho phep dua ra ket qua danh gia sdm hoae ngay sau khi thi sinh hoan thanh bai thi, bao dam nguyen tdc cdng khai, khaeh quan va minh bach trong KDCLDV cdng chiic.
KDCIiDV cdng chiic cd the to ehiie theo 3 md hinh: tap tnmg, phi tap trung va hdn hpp.
- Md hinh tap tnmg do mdt ca quan dau mdi ve nhan su chii tri. Ca quan nay cd nhiem vu phu trach tat ea cac khau tuyen dung: dang thdng tin, nhan dang ky, ra dg, cham thi, lua ehpn thi sinh eho cac don vi cap duoi. Md hinh tap trung cd diem thuan lpi la tuyen duac nhieu cdng chiic d quy md ldn va da dang hda dug-c chuydn mdn eiia cdng chiic trong mdt don vi lam viec.
- Md hinh phi tap trung chinh la tuyen dung true tiep hay tuyen dung theo vi tri edng viec. Ca quan tuyen dung hoan toan ehii ddng: khi ed nhu eau, ca quan se tu dang thong tin tuyen vl tri dang thieu va tu quyet dinh hinh thtie thi tuyen. Md hinh KDCLDV cdng chiie phi tap trung cho phep tuyen theo nhu cau, song tdn thdi gian hon
TAP CHl QUAN LV NHA Nl/tfC - SO 293 (6/2020)
N G H | £ N CtfU-TRAO0<5l
neu can tuyen sd lupng dang, chi phi xa hpi Ion dp cac co quan tu thuc hien cdc npi dung ve KDCLD\.
- Mo hinh hon hpp la md hinh ket hpp md hinh tap trung va mo hinh phi tap tiung.
Md hinh hon hpp dirpc dp dung theo nhdm cpng chifc: chii yeu tap trung kiem dinh thdng nhdt cho nhdm cdng chtic tmng uong; phan cap KDCLDV cnng chirc dja phuong, phu thupe va the chd cdng vti cua timg qudc gia.
3. Yeu cdu ddi mdi md hinh Him djnh chdt lupng ddu vdo cflng chiic b Vi$t Nam trong giai doan hi^n nay
,\/pt li, can xem lai npi dung thi mydn cdng chiic da that sir phu hpp vdi vi tri cdn tuyen dpng chua? Thi tuyen cdng chirc nhu hien nay khd rim dirge nguoi that sugidi, boi vi dd ngirdi gidi lam viec phdi dua vdo ndng luc cu the. Can dp dung kJiung ndng luc vao tuyen dung cong chirc. Do dd, can day manh nghien ciru va img dung tuyen dung cong chirc dira tren ndng luc, xdy dtmg khung ndng luc cdng chtic lam cp sp cho hoat dgng niyen dung.
Hai li, ddi mdi hinh thtic tuyen dung cdng chirc de Uiirc sir gdn vdi VTVL, can giao Bg Npi vu xdy dung ngan hang de thi va irng dung cdng nghe thdng tin trong cdng tdc tuyen dung: cdng khai thdng rin tao thudn Icri cho Nhan dan tham gia giara sdt: Bg Npi
\at xay dung ngan hang dd thi mdn kien thtrc chung, mdn ngpai ngirva tin hpc; ddng thdi, phdi hgp vdi bg qudn ly nganh, linh vuc xay dung ngan hdng de thi man nghiep vu chuyen nganh, cdn be sung hinh thirc phdng van. Bp Ngi vii xdy dung bp cac cau hdi va dap an thi tuyen cdng chirc ddi veil timg mdn thi, chuyen tir thi viet sang thi tren mdy tt'tih. Ngi dung thi phai gdn vdi chuyen nganh ciia vi Iri du tuyen. cd nhirng cau hoi mo, han che dii \1et va sii dung rgng rai hinh thuc thi trdc nghiem.
Ba li, tiep tuc nghien ctiu, thi diem bd sung them khdu phdng van sau khi qua cac khau thi tren may tinh, tfii viet. Hoat dgng cdng vu ciia cdng chiic bao gdm cac ky nang giao tiep, ling xir giira cdng chue voi cong chiic cimg cap va khac cap hanh chinh, giua cdng chiic voi ngudi dan, td chiic, dpanh nghiep. Do va^. thdng qua phong van mai co the nhdn biet, lira chgn dupc img vien cd pham chat, ndng luc, ky nang diuc sir trong quan he giao dep, ungxu cua cdng chtic phu hpp nhat cho VTVT cu tfie can tuyen dung va cung de phdt hien nhtmg 16 hdng trong ky ndng giao Uep, ling xii de cd phuang dn bdi duong Uln cdng vu.
Bdn li, phai cd mpt ngan hdng cau hdi cdc mdn tfii chung cho tat cd cac bp, nganh va dia phuong de bao ddm sir ttiong nhdt npi dung, kien thtic, mtrc do klid ciia cdc cau hdi, dp dung cho toan bp cdc thi sinh thi tuyen cong chirc tren ca nutic la het sire can thidt trong giai doan hien nay. Xay dung bp cau hdi va ddp dn cau hpi tuyen cdng chirc gdn vdi chirc ndng, nhiem vu cua co quan, td chirc hanh chinh nha nuoc nham tuyen dung nhtmg cdng chirc cd du trinh dp, ndng luc, thuc tai, dap iing VTVL can tuyen. Giao chp mpt CP quan dpc lap td chiic thi tuyen vong 1 trong KDCLDV cong ehuc. Co quan nay cd trach nhiem xay dtmg ngan hang cau hoi thi ddnh gid ndng luc chung ma cong chiic can cd khi vao nen cong vit, td chiic thi tuydn bang hinh thuc trdc nghiem tren may tinh.
Voi su due ket kinh nghiem thuc te qua cdc ky thi tuyen dupc td chiic thdnh cdng tai mgt sd bg, nganh va dja phuong: cting vdi sir tiep thu cdc y kien ddng gop cua cdc chuyen gia, cdc nhd quan ly, viec xay dtmg mpt he thdng thi tuyen cpng chirc true tuyen tdng the de bdo dam nang cao tinh khach quan, minh bach, hieu qua cho cdc ky thi tuygn la van d^ het sue can thiet vd cap bdch. Cimg voi sir ddi mdi ve phuong phdp thi tuydn, dpi
D
TAP CHl Q U A N LY N H A Ntf6C - S6 293 (6/2020)NGHIEN CtfU-TRAOodi
hdi phai cd he tfidng ngan hang cau hoi tlii tuyen cdng chiic thdng nhat, dp dung cho cdc bp, nganh va dia phuang, Truoc mdt, bp cau hpi myen cflng chtic dupc xay dung cho cdc mfln sau: mdn kien thirc chung, kien thiic chuyen nginh tbi viit va thi trie nghiem; ngoai ngu, tin hpc.
Ddng tfidi, tang cirdng kiem tta, gidm sat cung nhu ttdch nhiem ngudi dung dau moi coquan cd tham quyen tuyen dung cua moi bp, ngdnh vd dja phuang. Cd nhu vay mdi gdp phdn nang cao chat lugng tuyen dung cdng chirc d nupc ta, hoan thanh muc tieu cai cdch hdnh chinh nha nuoc.
Nim li, lam ro quy dinh ve KDCLDV cdng chiic. Can neu rd mpt sp van ii ve nguyen tic, hinh thuc td chue, npi dung kiSm dinh, coquan.tfl chtic kidm dinh, Orinh tit, tfiu tiic ki^m dinh, trpng do hinh thirc tp chirc vd npi dung kiem dinh la hdt siic quan ttpng cdn manh dan thay ddi. Nhu vdy se bap ddm cflng tdc tuydn dung cflng chiic khdch quan, chinh xdc, tuyen dung dung ngupi can tuyin nhdm ndng cap chdt lupng cdng tdc tuyin dting, gflp phan xay dung dpi ngii can bp, cdng chirc trong sach, cd ndng luc, ddp ling yeu cau nhiem vu trong rinh hinh mdi.
Cdc bdi thi nhan manh vdo viec kiem tta, ddnh gid ndng lire ting dung, kha nang tu duy logic thay cho kidm tta kidn thirc: quan tdm kilm tra nhdn cdch, thdi dp cflng tdc: kiem tta ndng luc lap ke hpach va ndng lire trinh bay ciia irng vien qua phan than luan chinh sdch dl kilm chiing.
KDCLDV cflng chirc cd y nghia quan ttpng trong ddi mdi mo hinh tuydn dung cflng chirc 6 Viet Nam. KDCLDV cflng chirc Ididng chi Id sir sang lpc de lira chgn cac thi sinh cfl ndng lire can thiet trd thanh cflng chtic ma cfln gdp phan khoa hpc hfla, minli bach hoa quy trinh tuyen dung cong chtic, tao ra ngudn thi sinh thuc su co chat luong de cac co quan, dan vi sii dung thuc hien cdc
budc tiep theo ttong quy trinh tuyen dung, Dfl la su sang lpc tir sir da dang, tir sfl dflng thi sinh de tim ra nhirng ngtroi cd ndng luc, pham chat nen tang cd thi dap umg duoc yeu cau cua khu vuc cflng. Co quan tuyen dung se lua chgn dirpc nhtrng cdng chiic tot nhat ttr nhiing thi sinh cfl chat Itrong tot thay vi tit so luang Ion thi sinh cfl mat bdng trinh dp, ndng lire khac nhau. Dilu nay la co so' dl nang cao chat lupng tuyen dung cflng chirc, gdp phan xay dung dgi ngu cflng chue thuc su ngang tdm nhiem vu, du ndng luc dl lam viec ttong mfli trudng qudc teO
Til U$u tham kbio:
\. Nghi quyet so 26-NQ/TW ngiy 19/5/2018 cua Hdi nghi lin thd biy. Ban Chap banh Trung uong Ding Cpng sin Viet Nam (khda Xii) vi tip trung xiy dung dpi ngu cin hp cic cip, nhit la cap chien lupc du pham chat, ning luc vi uy tin, ngang tam nhiem vu.
2. Ke hoach so 10-KH/TW ngiy 06/6/2018 cda Bd Chinh tri thuc hien Nghi quyit sd 26- NQ/TW ngiy 19/5/2018 ciia Ban Chap hinh Trung uang Dang (khda XII) ve tap trung xiy dung dpi ngu can bd cic cap, nhat la cap chiin lupc, da pham chat, ning luc va uy tin, ngang tam nhiem vu.
3. Luit Can bp, cdngchucnam 2008.
i. Luit sua ddi bdsung mdtsd dieu cua Luat Cin bd, cong chdc vi Luat Vien chue nam 2019.
5. Nghi dinh sd 161/2018/ND-CP ngiy 29/11/2018 siiaddl, bd sung mpt sd quy dinh ve tuyen dung cdng chdc, \ien cbuc, ning ngach cdng cbuc, thing bang vien cbuc vi thuc hien chi dp hpp ddng mpt sdloai cong viec trong co quan hinh chinh nhi nudc, don vi su nghiep cdng lip.
6. Dang Khde Anh (Chit bien). Hanh chinh so sinh. H. NXB Bach khoa Ha Npi, 2017.
7. Thang Van Phue, Nguyen Minh Phuong, Nguyin Thu Huyen. He thdng cdng vu va xu hudng cai each cua mpt sdnudc tren thigidi. H.
NXB Chinh tti qudc gia, 2004.
8. Nghi dinh sd 62/2020/ND-CP ngiy 01/6/2020 cda Chinh phii quy dinh vevi tri viec lam va bien che cdng chue.
TAP CHl Q U A N LY N H A NtfCjC - SO 293 (6/2020)