NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO e6l
MAY EP ROM C6 KHO LAM THU'C AN DU" TRU" CHO TRAU BO
PRESSING DRY STRAW, GRASS TO RESERVE FOOD FOR CATTLE
TS. D6 Minh Chi«n, TS. Hoing Minh Thu^, KS. Dio Minh Toin Trddng Cao dang Cdng nghiep va Xay ddng.
TOM TAT
d nude ta, viic tan thu rdm rg ldm thdc dn chdn nudi cho gia sdc nhai lgi cdn nhiiu hgn che tit khdu thu gom, xil l^ cho den bao qudn di dii trtt. Phdn ldn rdm rg dUdc thiiu ddt tren ddng, trin dudng trin cdc kinh, mUdng viia gdy ldng phi vita d nhiim mdi trudng Trong ndi dung bdi bdo nay chiing toi gidi thieu mau mdy ep rdm co khd ERC-10 cd ndng sudt 10 bdnh rdm/gid de tgo ra cdc bdnh ep co ki^
thudc 400x400x600, khdi lUdng the tich cda rdm epy = 80* 90(kg/m') nhdm thuan ldi cho qud trinh vdn chuyen vd dii trd Id phd hdp vdi diiu kien chdn nudi tgi cdc cd sd, trang trgi vita vd nhd cua ho ndng dm gdp phdn bdo ve mdi tnidng ndng nghiep vd ndng thdn.
T i khda: Mdy ep, Rdm co kho.
ABSTRACT
In our country, spending dry straw as food for ruminants has a number of disadvantages fromth collection and processing stage to storage to reserve. Most straw is burnt on fields, roads, on these canals, this leads to waste the resources and pollute environment. This article will introduce the ERC-10 dry straw, grass compressor with capacity of 10 straw blocks/hour to create the pressed blocks of 400x400x600 size,
and volumetric weight y = 80 ^ 90(kg/m^) to facilitate the process of transportation and storage vMidi is in accordance with the conditions at the animal facility in small and medium farming households to contribute to protect rural and agricultural environment.
Keywords: Compressor, dry straw, grass.
1. DAT VAN DE tan,... TrUdc kia, lildng phii pham nay thiitag dddc xif ly bang each phdi khd lam ngudn thiic an Trong san xuat ndng nghiSp 6 Viet Nam, dd trfl cho trau bd, lam chat dot sinh hoat trong phu phi pham sau khi thu hojch bao gdm rat cac ho gia dinh. Thdc te hien nay Idong phu phan' nhieu loai vdi khdi luong rat ldn nhd: rom, than tren ddoc lam khd de che bien thiJc an chan nuoi cay ngd, lac, do tdong,... Theo sd lieu thdng ke cua rat it do chUa cd qui trinh cdng nghe thu gom, bao Bd Ndng nghiep va phat trien Ndng thdn, Iddng quan va dd trfl nen san pham thddng hi hd hong phu pham sau khi thu hoach ddi vdi liia khoang nhanh, khdng dam bao chat ld(?ng thdc an, i^
gan 80 trifu tfa, ngo khoang 10 trieu tan, do sfl dung chung lam chat ddt trong gia dinh chi c4li tddng khoang 3,5 trieu tan, lac khoang 1,5 trieu tdn tai d mpt sd ndi, chu yeu la nhflng viing dto
^ Q TAP CHJ CO KHi VIET NAM • Sd 6 (Thang 6 nSm 2013)
NGHIEN CUTU - TRAO D(!}|
ngheo, mien mii. Vi vay, phan ldn lUpng phu, p h i pham tren dupe xU ly bang each thieu huy tren cac bd rudng, k i n h mUpng, dudng giao thdng tham chi co nhieu noi tien h i n h thieu huy ngay tren mat dong, vUa l i m d n h i i m mdi trUdng vifa pha huy cau tnie eua dat va he vi sinh vat trong dat.
Cac kit qua nghien edu da xac dinh dupc mdi quan he giUa ap suat nen P vdi khdi lUpng the tieh cua nguyen lieu po theo phUPng trinh vi phan sau: j p
— = aP + b (1) dp
Trong do: a, b l i cic he so thUc nghidm.
ThUc hien tich phan phUOng trinh (1) trong gidi han ap suat tang tU 0 d i n P, khdi lUpng the tieh tang tU p^ d i n p vdi P la ap suft nen cSn thiet de dat dupe vien co khdi lUpng p theo yeu eau, ta dUpc: _ _
p = k|^g"(P-Po)_lJ k- la he sd tyle, k=—.
' • b
Mat khdc, td ket cau khudn ep ta cd:
M
(2)
Hinh 1. Rdm, rg dUdc dot sau thu hogch gdy d nhiem mdi trUdng.
Viec nghien ciiu cdng nghe va he thdng thiet bi thu gom bao q u i n v i c h l biln rPm ra thinh thiic an chan nudi l i mpt trong nhUng giii phap tich cUc de de tang ngudn thiic an chan nuoi, die bilt thiic an dU trCl cho trau bo v l mua ddng, gop phan giim thieu d n h i i m mdi trUdng.
Trong quy trinh cdng nghe thu gom bao q u i n v i chl bien rom eo khd, ep banh la khau quan trpng nhat, quylt dinh den ch^t lUpng thiic an v i thdi han bao quan. Tuy nhien, rdm cd khd d trang thai tu nhiln cd ty trpng be, chilm chd ldn gay khd khan trong viec van chuyen v i bao quan. Vi vay, vile nghien cilu thilt k l , c h l tao may ep rPm co khd thinh banh d l giam the tich, tang khdi lUpng rieng la giai phap tich cUc d l thuan lpi cho viec van chuyen v i b i o quan nham dap iing nhu cau di^ trfl thiic an cho chan nudi. Tuy nhien, may phai CO ket eau gpn nhe, d l v^in chuyen (den noi cd nguyen lieu) phu hpp vdi loai hinh, quy md s i n xuat nhd nhd vay mdi co the giai quyet dupe v i n dl giim chi phi van chuyen v i bao q u i n rdm, cd khd.
2. KET QUA NGHlfiN CUtJ THIET KE VA C H £ T A O M A Y tP ROM CO K H O ERC-10.
M Pfi = — i p
" LS ( L - H ) S
:Ti]=p"(rri]
(3)
(4)
dUde:
(L-H)S LS L S U -
Thay gia tri n i y v i o phUPng trinh (2), ta (5)
Pmazj
oy el
H
'dl -a r
c /fc
r _2t
"l-.^-'P. = ' dx
• Pd =^
-+-[p 1 1 1 L i - * - ! "
h
L
Hinh 2. Do thi phdn bidp sudt trong khudn ep cd ddy
CO dinh. ^
TAP CHf C O KHf VI$T NAM • Sd 6 (Thing 6 nam 2013)
NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO 0(!)l
• Cac thdng sd cua may ep ERC-10:
- Nang suat: 10 Banh/gid.
-Bcfm thuy luc HIII-32:
+ Ap suat: 100 kG/m^;
+ LUu lupng: 32cm^/vdng.
- Xi lanh thuy lite:
+ Dudng kinh: 90 mm;
+ Hinh trinh cdng tie: 850mm.
- Ddng cP dan ddng bdm:
+ Cdng suit: 4 kW.
+ So vdng quay: 1450v6ng/phut.
- Kich thudc may: 1130x600x1800 (DxRxC).
TU mdi quan he trin ta cd the xac dinh dUdc cac thdng sd ca ban eiia bd phan ep li bd phan chinh cua thiet bi bao gdm chilu cao banh ep, chieu dai khudn ep,... De phu hpp vdi quy md sin xuat eua eae eP sd san xuat thiic an cho triu bd, ehiing tdi da iUa chpn nghien ciiu, chl tao may ep kieu pittdng thuy lUc dat thing diing nang suat 10 kien/h. Sd dd nguyen ly thilt ke may ep rdm, cd khd (ky hieu ERC-10) dUpe thi hien tren hinh 3.
May ep rdm ERC-10 gdm eae bp phan ehinh: he thdng dan ddng bin ep, khudn ep, than may. Khudn ep gdm 2 nCfa dUdc ghep l^i vdi nhau tao thinh khudn ep ed kich thUde trong long khudn 400x600mm. Khudn ep dUpc chia thinh 2 budng: buong nap lieu va budng ep. Budng nap lieu la ndi ehiia vat lieu ep ban dau, de tao eiia cap lieu CO tilt diln ldn thi mat phia trUdc eiia budng ep dupc gia edng thap hdn 3 mat ben tao thinh eiia nap lieu. Hai thinh ben ciia budng ep dUdc lap bin 11 vdi than miy vi dUdc khda chat lai vdi nhau bang chdt gii chfl T, vdi ket eau nhU tren cho phep md khudn ep khi kit thiic qua trinh ep de lay sin phSm ra ngoii dUpc de ding. Diy khudn ep dupc dat d phia dUdi ciing budng ep, tren day khudn cd cac ranh de ludn day budc banh rpm ep sau idii da ep xong.
Z-*"^"' p Hinh 4. Mdy ep rdm cd khd ERC-10.
Sau Idii che tao hoin ehinh may ep rdm co khd ERC-10 (hinh4) chiing tdi da tien hinh th\(c nghiem de xac dinh che dp lim vile thich hdp ciia may Dl dam bao nguyen lieu cho qua trmh ep till rdm, ed khd phai dupe xif ly bang each phdi kho tu nhien. Qua trinh phdi khd nham lim giam do am cua vat lieu xudng cdn 12%, dilu nay t h u ^ ¥ cho qua trinh bao quan sau niy, ddng thdi giSm chi phi nang lUdng rieng cho qua trinh ep thinh
^ M3 banh.
Hinh 3. Sd do nguyen If cdu tgo mdy ep rdm ed khd ^^^ thUdc banh ep 400x400x600 la phu ERC-10. hpp vdi dilu kiln chin nudi tai cie cd sd, trang
1 Khung may 2. Khuon ^p, 3. Khoa khu6n ^p, 4. Bin ep, 5. TVuc dSn trai vfia v i n h d , k h d i l U d n g t h i t l c h CUa rPffl iP hJdng bin ep. 6. Xi lanh ep. 7. Dadng 6ng dim dau thiy Itic, 8. Tay dieu o « « « / . , ,V^ I , , , J ^ , L khiln. 9 Van phan phfit, 10 Thiing chila dau ihiiy I«c, 11. Bom dJu thuy Y= <i^ ^ 9 0 ( k g / m ' ) . S a n p h a m SaU k h i Cp t?0 thaDB luc, 12. D^ng ca dSn d^ng cho bom thdy itfc, 13. Bin 1^ khuon ^p. k i l n CO k i c h t h U d c x i c d i n h , t u y n h l l u d l thuJA
\ 1
l"^
Tl -ti
S : 1
^ TAP CHl CO KHi VIETNAM V Sd 6 (Thang 6 nam 2013)
NGHIEN CiJu-TRAOD6I
ti?n chd viec van chuyin ta phii giU dUpc hinh d ^ g cua san pham de budc b i n h rdm sau khi ep ta sii dung bao gdi bang day dai. Diy dai dUdc ludn san trong ranh eua day khudn ep v i ban ep.
Sau khi h o i n t h i n h vile ep t h i n h kien rdm cd kich thudc xic dinh ta tiln hanh m d khudn ep va dung kim silt dai v i kim kep de thUc hien viee bao gdi sin pham.
Hinh 5. Kiin rdm sau khi ep.
3. KET LUAN
Vile nghien eUu thiet k l ehe tao may ep rPm, ed khd loai nhd, theo nguyen ly khdng hen tue, sti dung he thdng thuy lUc dit thang diing nang suat 10 banh rdm/gid la phu hpp vdi hau h i t eac trang trai chan nudi trau bd cd qui md viia v i nhd d nUdc ta hien nay. Vdi eiu t^o ddn gian, gia thanh thap, m i y cd the i p dung rdng rai cho cic hd ndng dan nham tan dung phu pham ndng nghiip lim thiic an cho trau bd, gdp phan bao v l mdi trudng ndng nghiep v i ndng thdn.
Trong thdi gian tdi de triln khai rdng rai trong cac trang trai chin nudi chiing ta ein tilp tuc nghien cUu h o i n thien ve kit cau, die biet l i cd khi hda v i tU ddng hda khau nap li?u, bupe va thao lieu de giim siic lao ddng nang nhpc bang thu cdng v i ting nang suat miy. Ddng thdi tiep tuc nghiin cUu thUe nghiim de ep cac loai nguyen lieu khac nhU: cd khd va cac loai vat lieu thd spi de tang tinh hilu q u i cua may. •
Ngiy nhan bii: 05/5/2013 Ngiy phin bien: 10/6/2013
NgUdi phan bien: PGS, TS. Dao Quang Ke, TrUdng Dai hpc Ndng nghi?p H i Ndi.
Tii lilu tham khao:
[i]. Trin Ddc Cdng (1998), Nghien edu tuyin chon. thiit ki, chi tgo thiit bi thu hogch vd chi biin co cho ede trang trgi chdn nudi bd cd quy mo viia vd nhd d Ddng Nam Bd, Bao cao khoa hoc - Vien Ccf diln Nong nghiep.
[2]. Vi^n Co Dien Nong nghiep (1998), Kit qud nghiin edu khoa hgc edng nghi ndng nghiep 1996-1997, NXB.
Nong nghiep.
[3] Minh Hilu - Hpi KHKT Chan nuoi Viet Nam, Cdng nghe chi biin rdm dong bdnh, ddng kiin. Tap chi chan nuoi3-08
[4]. Phan Van Nghe, Do Van Phiic (2004), Mdy bua vd mdy ep thuy liic, NXB. Giao due.
[5]. N.S. Dorinski (1981), Ddn ddng mdy ep thuy lUc, Maxcova.
[6]. Trinh Van Thinh, Hoai PhUdng, Nguyen An TrUdng (1974), Ddng cd vd thdc an gia sue nhiit ddi, NXB Khoa hpc ley thuat.
[7]. Nguyen Van Tong, Quang Ngg (1964), Ting hdp vi trdu, bd, NXB. Nong thdn.
TAP CHf CO KHf VlfiT NAM So 6 (Thing 6 nam 2013)