Khoa hoc Gido due
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• TS. VU THI NGOC ANH
Trung tarn Nghien cuu Giao due Phd thdng IV VI pt trong nhCrng diem mdi cua chddng trinh
I V I giao due phd thong mon Ljch sir d trddng trung hoc phd thdng la viec tang thdi Iddng cho phan lich sd dia phddng (LSOP), ddi mdi each Ida chpn npi dung gan vdi cupc song thdc tien nhieu hdn, tao dieu kien thuan Idi cho cac hoat dpng luyen tap, td hpc, td nghien cdu cua hpc sinh (HS) (1). Tuy nhien, qua thdi gian thi diem va then khai dai tra thi mot van de dat ra la hieu qua cua npi dung giao due LSDP chda dap dng dddc yeu cau, muc tieu cua chddng trinh giao due phd thong (2).
Muc tieu cua chddng trinh LSDP:
- LSOP gan lien vdi lich sd dan tpc trong moi thdi ki lich sd. Bdi vay, viec nghien cdu LSDP gdp phan cung cap, lam phong phu them tri thdc lich sdcho HS, giup HS khong nhdng nam rpng hdn, sau hdn lich sd dan tpc ma con hieu biet lich sd cua que hddng, thong qua viec tiep xuc vdi nhieu tai lieu, hien vat ljch sd cua dia phddng, cac em se dddc trang bi them kien thdc ve cupc song lao dpng, ve truyen thdng cua nhan dan dia phddng, tddd cd tac dung giao due long yeu que hddng, hinh thanh y thdc ve nghTa vu ddi vdi que hddng:
- Nghien cdu LSOP gan lien vdi nghien cdu lich sd dan tpc trong tdng thdi ki se lam cho HS hieu ro hdn nhdng khai niem lich sd chung va rieng. nhan thdc cu the, sinh dpng hdn nhdng hinh thai kinh te - xa hpi cua cac giai doan phat then lich sd dan tpc;
- Nghien cdu LSDP la bien phap tot de giao due HS long yeu lao dpng, kinh trong nhan dan lao dpng qua nhieu the he, td dd cac em td xac dinh cho minh nghTa vu bao ve, gid gin va phat huy truyen thdng tot dep cua que hddng, dia phddng minh;
- Nghien cdu LSOP con cd tac dung tich cut trong viec ren luyen kha nang thdc hanh cho HS.
Cung vdi cac mon hpc va cac hoat dpng giao due khac cua nha trddng gdp phan phat huy tac dung la trung tarn van hoa, khoa hpc- kT thuat cua nha trddng vdi dia phddng, gan lien nha trddng vdi ddi song xa hpi.
De viec day hpc LSDP dap dng dddc cac muc tieu tren, chung toi xin gidi thieu mot phddng phap day hpc cd hieu qua trong khi day LSDP, dd la phddng phap dd an.
1. Oac diem cua phddng phap ddan Day hpc theo dd an la mot phdOng phap day hpc trong dd ngddi hpc thdc hien mot nhiem vu hpc tap phdc hpp, cd sd ket hdp gida li thuyet va thdc tien, thdc hanh. Nhiem vu nay ddpc ngddi hpc thdc hien vdi tinh td Idc cao trong toan bp qua trinh hpc tap, td viec xac dinh muc dich, lap ke hoach den viec thdc hien dd an, kiem tra,dieu chinh cung nhd danh gia qua trinh va ket qua thdc hien (3). PhdOng phap dd an cd cac dSc diem sau:
- Dinh hudng HS: HS ddpc tham gia chpn chu de, npi dung hpc tap phu hdp vdi kha n§ng va hdng thu ca nhan. Trong qua trinh thdc hien dd an, HS khong chi dddc khuyen khich tinh trach nhiem, sd sang tao ma con dddc ren luyen kT nang cpng tac lam viec gida cac thanh vien trong nhdm, gida HS vdi giao vien cung nhd vdi cac Idc Iddng xa hpi khac tham gia trong ddan;
- Dinh hudng thuc tiin: Chu de cua dd an thddng xuat phat td nhdng tinh hudng cua thdc tien xa hpi, thdc tien nghe nghiep cung nhd thdc tiln ddi song, gdp phan gan viec hpc tap trong nha trddng vdi thdc tiln ddi song xa hpi;
- Dinh hudng san pham: Trong qua trinh thdc hien ddan, cac san pham dddc tao ra. San
42 KHGD so 56, thdng 5 - 2010
ghien curu
pham cua du an khong chi gidi han trong thu hoach li thuyet ma co ca nhung san pham vat chat cua hoat dong thuc tiln, thuc hanh. Nhung san pham do co the dupe sd dung, cdng bd hoSc gidi thieu.
Vdi nhdng dac diem tren, phddng phap du an se rat phu hdp khi tien hanh day hoc phan LSOP.
2. Van dung phddng phap dd an trong day hoc phan LSDP d trddng pho' thong
Chu de: Tim hieu mot so' di tich lich sd, van hoa tieu bieu cua Lang Sdn
I. Muc tieu 1. Kien thdc:
Sau khi thdc hien dd an, HS hieu va trinh bay dddc mot sd di tich lich sd, van hoa tieu bieu cua Lang Sdn.
2. KTnang:
- Phan tich, danh gia ddpc vi tri, tarn quan trong cua nhdng di tich lich sd, van hoa tieu bieu cua Lang Sdn;
- Hinh thanh mot sd kT nang nhd: giai quyet van de, lap ke hoach, giao tiep, hpp tac, phdng van, dieu tra, phan tich, tdng hop va bao cao.
3. Thai dp:
HS cd thai dp td hao, tran trong, gin gid, bao ton nhdng di tich lich sd, van hda cua que hddng.
KI hoc Gido due II. Chuan bj
1. Giao vien:
- Tai lieu day hpc lich sddia phddng;
- May vi tinh cd ndi mang internet (neu cd);
- So theo doi dd an cho cac nhdm;
- Bang, giay AO, but da.
2. Hpc vien:
- Phieu dieu tra, cau hdi phdng van;
- Trang phuc bieu dien (neu cd);
- Mau vat, vat pham, tranh anh...
III. Phddng phap - Hpc theo dd an.
IV. Cac hoat dpng day hoc
Day hpc theo dd an thddng ddpc tien hanh theo ba bddc sau :
Budc 1: Lap ke hoach
- Giao vien gidi thieu chu de "Tim hieu ve lich sd - van hda Lang Sdn". Tiep dd, sd dung sd do td duy de phat then cac chu de lien quan (phu Iuc1). Hddng dan HS chpn chu de theo sd thich va thiet lap nhdm HS cd cung sd thich.
Vi du: Lap sd do td duy
- Hddng dan cac nhdm sd dung sd dd td duy de phat then, Ida chpn tieu chu de, xac dinh npi dung cu the can tim hieu va td chdc cho cac nhdm trinh bay, thao luan, gdp y, bd sung ve tieu chu de va cac npi dung can tim hieu.
So do tu duy tim hieu chu de ChuaThanh
(Dien Khanh Td)
KHGD sd 56, thdng 5 - 2010 43
Khoa hoc Gido due- I t f T Ngh en curu
IE Hudng din HS thao luan, xay dung, trinh bay va hoan thien ke hoach thuc hien nhiem vu cua nhom
So do tu duy ldp ke hoqch du an Phong van, nghi§n cud..
(Thdi gian)
Nghi le
Nguon gdc xuat xd Quay phim, chup anh, quan sat
(Thdi gian,..,)
Quan sat, nghien ciru, phdng van...
(Thdi gian,...) Quy mo
Phong van, chup anh, quay phim
(Thdi gian,...)
Vj tri dja Hi giao thong
Quay phim, chup anh, ghi chep, phong van (Thdi gian,...) Kien .hue
Budc 2: Thuc hien ke hoach du an va xay dung san pham
- Hddng dan HS mot so kT nang thuc hien du an nhu each thu thap thong tin, xd li thong tin, tdng hdp va trinh bay ket qua.
- Theo ddi giup dd cac nhdm each trinh bay va bao cao san pham cua dd an.
Bddc 3: Bao cao ket qua trudc Idp
- To chdc cho cac nhdm bao cao ket qua du an va danh gia san pham theo phieu.
3. Ket luan
Trong day hoc theo dd an, giao vien chu yeu ddng vai trd td van, hudng din, giup dd nham kich thich dpng cd, hung thu, su sang tao, tinh tu luc, kien nhan, ch|u trach nhiem, nang lire tu danh gia va nang luc cpng tac giai quyet nhung van de phdc hop... Vdi nhung Uu diem tren, day hpc du an gdp phan khac phuc nhung nhupc diem cua mot so phuong phap day hpc truyen thdng, bd sung cho nhung phUdng phap day hpc khac. Tuy nhien, khi van dung phddng
Tim hieu, phdng van, quan sat,
(Thdi gian,...)
phap nay can phai tinh toan den npi dung, thdi Iddng day hpc cung nhd cac phUdng tien vat chat va tai chinh phu hdp.
TAI Ll£U THAM KHAO
'[.Chuong trinh giao due pho thdng (ban hanh theo QO so 16, ngay 5-5-2006/ BGD & OT)
2. Nghien ciru, bien soan lich sir dia phuong (Ki yeu hoi thao khoa hpc toan qudc), thang 6-2002
3. Tai lieu tap huan ve phuong phap va ki thuat day hoc tich cue, Bp Giao due va Dao tao, thang 4-2010
4. Nguyen Canh Minh, Giao trinh Lich sir dia phuong, NXB Dai hpc Su pham, 8/2005
SUMMARY
in the context of opening, regional and international integration the maintenance of ethnic characteristics, edu- cation of the love of fatherland, civic responsibilities., shall be put up. History has the advantage in realizing the above educational tasks in the close relationship with other humanities and social sciences, especially the local histo- ries in school curriculum.
44 KHGD sd 56, thdng 5 - 2010
