K H O * :
Tap chi GTVT 11/2012 11
KHAO SAT ANH HUfdNG CUA NHIEN U E U SINH HOC DEN CAC CHI TIEU KINH TE - NANC LlTtfNG - MOI TRlTOfNG
Tom tat: Bii bio trinh biy viic md phdng chu trinh cdng tic cua dpng cd diesel D243 edng suit 1 djnh mUc 80 hp tpl sd vdng quay 2200 vdng/phtit.
Kdt qua md phdng cho biit die tinh cdng suit, sudt itiiu hao nixiin lipu vi ndng dp cic chit d^e hpi I trong khi xi khi sCt dpng nhiin liiu diesel vi I blodlesel BS, BIO vi B20. Trin cd sd dd ed thi so sinh cic thdng sd dinh gii tinh kinh td - ning lUdng - mdi trudng cua ddng cd khi sd dpng nhiin ll$u diesel vi blodlesel nhim dua ra nhUng khuydn I eio can thidt cho ngudi sd dpng.
Abtract: This paper shows the simulation ofact- : ing prosess of marine diesel engine D243 80 HP
power, 2200 rpm. The simulation results indicate power characteristics, fuel consumption rate and the concentration of toxic substances in the ex- haust gas when use fuel Diesel and Blodlesel BS, I BIO and B20. On that basis can compare the param- : eters evaluating the fuel economy and emission lev- els of toxic gas engine when use fuel Diesel and Blodlesel to make the necessary recommendations to the to use.
1 . Dat van d l
Ngdy nay cung vdi sfl phdt t r i l n kinh t l - xd hfii Id sy phdt t r i l n cua eo sd hg tang va ede phuong tifin CO gidi dfldng bp va dfldng thuy. Sfl phdt t r i l n nay keo theo sfl d nhifim mdl trfldng vd ldm cho ngudn nguyfin lieu ddu md tren t h i gidi ngdy cdng cgn kifit, xung dot gifla cae qude gia v l nhu cau, Ipi fch trong vific khai thdc cac ngudn ddu md trfin t h i gidi ngdy cang trd nen gay gdt. Sdn Iflpng ddu thd the gidi lien tyc syt gidm lam cho gid dau thd tren thi trudng dupc d i y Ifin cao. Trflde tinh hinh tren dPi hdi eac nfldc cac q u i c gia phdi thflc hifin cae gial phap nham Idm gidm mflc tifiu thy nhifin lifiu, gidm mflc dfi phdt thdi edc chat ddc hgi vd tim k i l m ngudn nguyfin lifiu thay t h i phfl hop. Mpt trong nhflng hudng di h i t sflc ed trien vpng vd dupc rdt n h i l u nfldc tren t h i gidi dang dp dyng vd dem Igf hifiu qud to ldn dd Id sfl dyng nhifin Hfiu sinh hpe thay the cho nhien lieu hda thgch.
VI nhOng ly do tren, trong bai bdo tac gid nghifin cflu, mo phdng ehu trinh cdng tdc cua dpng cd diesel D243 sau khi da thfly hda nham ddnh gid dnh hudng cCia nhien lifiu sinh hoe d i n tfnh kmh t l - nang luong - mdi trfldng khi dpng co tdu thuy sfl dyng nhifin lifiu sinh hoc
2. Dac d i l m cOa nhien lieu sinh hpe Biodiesel Id nhien Hfiu dung cho ddng co diesel dupe san xudt tfl nguydn Hfiu sinh hpe vdi thdnh phdn hoa hpe chu y l u Id methyl ester cOa cdc axit beo.
TS. VU NGOC KHIEM KS. TRAN TRQNG TUAN Trudng Dpi hpe Cdng nghp GTVT
Tuy theo ngudn nguyfin lipu khde nhau ma mfii nfldc sdn xudt n h i l u loai ddu sinh hoc khde nhau rdi dem trpn vdi diesel t r u y i n t h i n g theo t^ Ifi quy djnh trong cdc tifiu c h u i n sdn p h i m nhu B5 (5%diesel sinh hpe, 95% diesel ddu md), BIO (10% diesel sinh hpe, 90% diesel d i u md), B20( 20% diesel sinh hpe, 80%
diesel ddu md)... d l dflpc nhifin lifiu biodiesel Cdc tfnh ehdt cO bdn ciSa nhifin lifiu sinh hpe B5, 810 vd 8 2 0 phyc vy cho qud trinh md phdng dflpc trinh bdy trong (bdng 1)
Bang 1. Thdng sd cda nhiin lipu sinh hpe 'Ih^nes5'
Kh6i lifting riiSng d 5lfC|kj?A[ii']
Do nhdi 6 5d't.' Luong Cricbon (%) Luong Hiclro(%) Luong Ox I (%) Nhiellri tha'p (MJ/kg) Chisocetaner
BO 8 3 0 3 61
8 7 1 2 6 0 . 4 4 2 8 4 8
B 5 8322
3-72 8.5.78 12 49 0,55 42 55 48,35
B I O 838 4 3 84 8531 J241 1.09 4229 48 5
B 2 0 843 6 3 9 6 84,38
1 2 3
-.-.
4179 48 8 K i t qua nghien eflu so sanh biodiesel eP tfnh chd't tflpng tfl nhfl cua dau diesel, vi vdy cd t h i dung biodiesel thay t h i cho nhifin lieu diesel sfl dgng d edc dpng cd ddt trong.
3. Xdy dtfng md hlnh khdo sat dnh hudng cDa nhien lieu sinh hpe den chi tieu cdng tac cua dpng CO D243 b i n g phan mem AVL - Boost
3.1. Cac thong so' cfla ddng co
Ddng eO D243 la dpng cO diesel 4 ky, 4 xilanh b d trf mpt hdng thang dflng, thfl tfl lam viec Id: 1-3-4- 2, khdng t d n g d p , ddng co co he thdng Idm mat bdng nfldc, cflPng bflc mpt vdng tudn hodn kin, vdi bPm nflPc tudn hodn k i l u li t d m , cd co cdu phdi khf xupap treo vdl tryc cam ddt trong thdn mdy vd bifin dgng cam Id logi cam Idi ba cung. Cdc thdng s d cO bdn cua ddng co dflpc cho trong (bdng 2), ngodi ra d l cd thdng s i khac c i n tham khdo them trong cat- alog cfla ddng co.
Bang 2. Thdng sd cd ban cda ddng ca D243
S T T 1 2 3 4 5
Thang 86"
E)udiig kinh xi lanh PCmhtiinhpiaon OSng suat dinh mOt Vbng quay dinh mt&
TJstfn&i
Gia tri 1 1 0 125 58.48 2200 16
DoTnvi m m mm k w rpni
KHOA H p e - C O N G N G H E
3.2. Md hlnh md phdng D243 trfin AVL - Boost Sau khi Ifla chpn cac p h i n tfl, lifin kfi't cdc phdn Ifl vd nhgp cac thdng sd edn thifit cho tflng phdn tfl trfin phdn m i m AVL - Boost tdc gid ldp dflpc mo hinh dpng CO D243 nhfl hinh 1,
3.4. Ke't qud khdo sdt thanh phan cac c h l t d ^ hgi c6 trong khf xd cfla ddng c o
Cdc ehdt dpc hgi eP trong khi xd eua dpng co diesel dflpc khdo sdt gdm cd N O x . PM vd CO. D^a IrPn md hlnh da ldp dflpc tdc gid da chgy md hlnh vdi cdc logi nhifin lipu khde nhau tU dd xdy dflng ddthj ddnh gid dp phdt thdi cdc ehdt theo vdng quay ilng vdi tflng logi nhidn lipu d c h l dp dinh mfle.
Hmh 1. Md hinh md phdng dpng ea D243 3.3. K i t qud khdo sdt cac chi tieu cdng tac cua dpng CO D243 khi Idm vific theo dudng ddc tinh ngodi
Sau khi ldp dflOc mP hlnh t i l n hanh chgy md hmh vpi cac logi nhifin lieu khae nhau d l xfiy dflng cac dudng dae tinh edng s u i t , md men vd suat tifiu hao nhien lieu theo vdng quay eua ddng cd.
Hinh 2. Die tinh edng suit cua dpng cd vdl cie lopl nhiin liiu khic nhau
Hmh 5. Dd thf so sinh him lupng NOj^ cd Irong khi xi
Hinh 6. Dd thf so sinh him lupng CO cd trong khi xi
Hinh 4.
cua dpng
nlrpnil Hinh 7. Dd thi so sinh him lupng PM cd trong khixi
3.5. Danh gia ket qud
Khi sfl d y n g nhifin lieu smh hoe cdng suat va mfi men cua ddng co gidm so vOi khi sfl d y n g nhifin ii$ii truyen thdng. Dp gidm cdng ldn khi ta sfl dyng nhl^
lieu cd hdm Iflpng ddu sinh hoc cdng cao. Ty Id p t # trdm v l dd gidm edng sudt vd m d men cfla cdc W nhifin lifiu biodiesel so vdi nhien lieu diesel dflpctffl a irpmi ^ ^ ^ trong bdng 3, Trong d d . d mdi tdc dp flng vPi mpi Dudng die tinh suat tieu hao nhidn lipu logi nhifin lieu chQ sd thfl nhat chi dp gidm cua cflM cd sudt, chfl sd thfl 2 t h i hifin dp gidm v l mo men ^
KHfolA ' H K g X i B W H n H M a i U J i " Tap Chi GTVT 11/2012 | |
'. Bing 3. Of glim cdng suit vi md men cia cic lofi nhiin ll$u(tlnh theo tj /# %)
Vt>ng 12 OO W O O IfiOO 18 CO 2 0 0 0 2 2 0 0
a.
- a 4 4 - a 4 4 - a 4 3 -OL45
-a.so -aso iSso
i l i o -0,'J1 -ixoo - a 9 7 -URt*
-!»I
B ^ -1 83 Il 81
\\%).
In!S Dfldng ddc tfnh sudt tidu hao nhifin lipu cija ddng cP khi sfl dgng nhifin lipu diesel ludn ndm dfldi cdc dfldng ddc tfnh nhifin lipu khi dpng cP s f l d y n g nhifin lieu sinh hpe tuy nhifin dd chdnh Ipch cung khfing ddng ke. Dp chfinh Ipch Idn nhdt khi dpng co sfl dyng nhifin lieu B20 d c h l dd ddc tfnh ngodi tgi vdng quay 2200 (vdng/phut) bdng 2 , 1 % .
Tfl cdc dd thi so sdnh cdc c h i t ddc hgi trong khf xd nhfl NOx, '^^ vd PM khi tg sfl dyng nhidn lipu biodiesel va nhifin lipu diesel ta thdy khi s f l dyng nhifin lipu biodiesi thanh p h i n cdc c h i t ddc hgi trong khf xd d i u gidm rat nhanh so vdi khi ta sfl dyng nhifin lipu diesel.
Dieu ndy cdng thdy rd khi ta sfl dyng cdc logi nhifin Hfiu biodiesel cd chT sd cao. Cy t h i vdi nhifin lifiu B20 d c l i i dp vdng quay 2200 (vdng/phut) thi Iflong NOx va CO gidm tflOng flng Id 4,8% vd 4,0 %,
4. Ket lugn
GlOa tfnh kinh t l cua nhifin lifiu vd thdnh phdn khf xd cfla dpng co ed quan hfi t^ lfi nghjch vdi nhau vd ta phdi cd sfl thda hifip gifla chflng. Nfi'u gidm Iflpng phdt thdi cac chd't ddc hgi ra mdi trfldng thi chflng ta phdi ehdp nhgn tfnh kinh t l nhifin lifiu gidm xudng vd ngflpc Igi, vi vdy khi sfl dgng nhifin lifiu biodiesel gidm dupc mflc dp phdt thdi cdc chd't ddc hgi nhflng cdng s u i t vd md men cua ddng cO se gidm mpt phdn nhd do dd nfin sfl dyng nhifin lipu B10 vd 8 2 0 khi dd ddm bdo tinh kinh t l nhifin lipu ddng thdi gidm d n h i l m mdi trfldng.
Nhfl vdy, vifie dp dyng nhifin lipu biodiesel thay t h i nhifin IIPu diesel truyin thdng n l u duOc tfnh todn vd Ifla chon hop ly se khdng nhflng ddm bdo dflpc tfnh kinh t l nhifin lipu md cdn gidm d nhifim mdi trfldng •
Tdi lipu t h a m khdo
[1]. Nguypn Hodng ViJ (2010), Nhiin lipu dung cho d^ng cd ddt trong, NXB Qudn ddi nhdn dan. Ha Npi, 2010.
[2], N g u y i n Hodng Vu (2010), 6 nhiim mdi tradng do ddng cd ddt trong, NXB Quan dpi nhdn d d n , Hd N d i - 2 0 1 0 .
[3]. Hd Quang Minh (1992), NhOng noi dung chlnh trong nghiin cau vi tinh toan chu trinh cong tic cua ddng cd, Hoc vifin Ky thuat Quan s f l .
[4]. AVL. Thermodynamic cycle simulation Boost, Primary, Version 2011
TOI lAl THAM Sfl flIEU CHINH...
(Tidp theo trang 28)
Hinh 9. Bp thdng sd tdi Uu d dudng dpc tinh ngoii
Qua hlnh 9 cho thay gid tn mo men IPn nhat trfin dfldng dae tinh ngodi dgt dupe d tdc dp 2000 v/ph.
Gid tri ((p^, pjf tdi flu cd xu hudng tang khi tdng tdc dp ddng co.
5. Ket lugn
Thdng qua vific dp d y n g phuong phdp quy hogeh trflc glao cap 2, tgi m6i d i l m Idm vific cfla dpng eO can thflc hien 10 thi nghifim d l xdc dinh dflpc gid tn (Vs- Pfl tdi flu. Bp thfing sd (tpg, pj) t i l flu tgi dfldng ddc tinh ngodi dflpc xdc dmh thdng qua thflc hifin tudn tfl tai tgi cdc d i l m Idm vide khde.
K i t qud nghifin cflu trfin Id co sd quan trong d l thi/c hifin vific xdy dflng bp s i lipu ((pg, pf) tdi flu d cac c h l dp Idm v i | c khde cfla dPng co nhfl tgi c h l dd l(hong tdi vd cdc dfldng ddc tfnh bP phdn.
Bp thdng s d (cp^, p^ tdi flu tgi eac d i l m khdo sdt CO bdn se Id bd thdng s d co sd ngp vdo ECU d l d i l u
k h i l n dpng cP trong qua trinh lam vific thUc t l . Cdc k i t qud dgt dupe trong bdi bdo nay cung Id co sd khi t i l n hdnh md rdng cac thdng sd dieu chinh hodc khi gidl bdi todn tdi uu da mye tifiu nhu mdmen, khi thdi, dp rung dpng D
Tai lieu t h a m k h d o
[1]. Van J, Maggetto G, Lataire P. Which energy source for road transport in the future? A comparison of battery hybrid and fuel cell vehicles. Energy Conver- sion Management 2006: 47: 48-60.
[2]. K.D. Huang, K.V. Quang and K.T. Tseng.
Study of recycling exhaust gas energy of hybrid pneu- matic power system with CFD. Energy Conversion and Management 2009: 50: 1271-78.
[3]. Pham Minh Tuan, Nghien cdu hoan thien thidt kd vi che t^o hi thdng phun xang diin td thay the cho he thdng nhien lieu dung bd chd hda khi cua ddng cd xe may, De tdi cap bd md so 82009-01 -288.
[4]. S. Haines, C. Dieken, A. Gallaeher. The appli- cation of an automatic calibration optimization tool to direct-injection diesels. Statistics Engine Optimization 2000, ISBN 186058201.
[5]. Nguyen Td't T i l n (2007), Nguyin ly dong cd ddt trong, NXB Gido dye.
[6]. Pham Minh Tuan (2001), Ly thuydt dpng ed ddt trong, NXB Khoa hpe vd Ky thudt.
[7]. AVL manual. Smokemeter (2004).
[8]. Nguyen Dodn Y (2007), Quy hopch thac nghiem, NXB Khoa hoc vd Ky thudt.
[9]. Cao Thanh Long, Nguyfin Van Dg, Tdi au hda nhim be mat khi tien tinh Id nhd trin thep X210CR13 da tdi, T g p ehi Co khi Vifit Nam sd 04 (thdng 04/2011),tr 3 2 - 3 5 .