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VE MO HiNH TRl/CiNG PHO THONG VIET NAM
SAU 10-15 MAM TOi
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• T V y thdo Chien luge phdt trien KT-XH 2011 - 2020 trinh Dqi hdi Ddng Idn thu XI dd neu
—J rd: «Tieh eye chudn bj de tu sou 2015 thyc hien ehuong trinh gido dye phd thdng (GDPT) mdi". De xde djnh djnh hudng xdy dyng chuang trinh GDPT mdi, trudc het phdi xde djnh rd djnh hudng phdt trien GDPT vd md hinh nhd trudng phd thdng (PT) trong tuong lai. Ddy Id viee Idm khdng don gidn, ddi hdi mot sy nghien cuu nghiem tuc, kT luong. Trong khudn khd bdi bdo ndy, chung tdi chi xin dua ra mot sd y kien ban ddu ve md hinh nhd trudng PT tuong lai, nhu Id mot de xudt kien nghj de tham khdo.
1. Quan niem ve nhd trudng thdi ki C N H , HDH ddt nude vd hdi nhdp quoc te
Khdi niem «nhd trudng" Id mot khdi niem md ndi hdm cua nd ngdy edng md rong. Quan niem ve nhd trudng ludn ludn vdn ddng vd phdt trien theo xu the phdt trien cua gido dye (GD).
Trong ljch su GD the gidi, tu trudc den nay, dd cd cdc nen GD vdi tinh chdt vd ndi dung GD khde nhau, nen cung ton tqi cdc kieu nhd trudng khde nhau theo cdc quan niem khde nhau. Cdn cu vdo chu tfie td chuc qudn li nhd trudng, cd nhd trudng cua nnd nude (cdng Idp), nhd trudng cua td chuc xd hdi (ddn lap) vd nhd trudng cua tu nhdn (tu thyc), nhung cung thuc hien mye tieu thdng nhd't cua he thdng GD. Cdn cu vdo ddc trung hgc vdn cung cdp cho ngudi hoc, cd cdc loqi trudng: PT, chuyen nghiep, dqy nghe. Cdn cu vdo trinh do hqc vdn, cd cdc trudng tieu hoc, THCS, THPT, coo ddng, dqi hqc.
Mye dich (myc tieu), nhiem vy vd ndi dung hoqt ddng cua nhd trudng phy thuqe trinh do phdt trien cua xd hdi vd cdu true giai tdng cua nd.
Thdi dqi ngdy nay thua nhqn vai trd chu dqo cua GD nhd trudng trong viee DT sue loo ddng mdi cho xd hdi. Myc dich cua nhd trudng Id GD cdng ddn, GD nghe nghiep vd GD phdt trien ed nhdn. GD nhd trudng ddp ung yeu cdu ton tqi vd
Tap chi Giao due s6 2 5 5 (ki i . 2/201H
O POSTS. VU TRONG RY*
phdt trien cua xd hdi. Tuy nhien, giCra ndi dung GD trong nhd trudng vd thyc t i l n khoa hqc edng nghe boo gid cung ed «dd t r i " . Gidm «dg t r i "
ndy Id mot tieu chi ddnh gid sy tien bd vd tinh hien dqi cua nhd trudng trong qud trinh phdt trien vd tien bd xd hdi theo hudng CNH, HDH ddt nude vd hdi nhdp kinh te qud'c te.
Trong nen vdn minh tin hqc hien nay, nhd trudng mang tinh todn cdu vd dang ddn trd thdnh he md, khdng bj khudn cung Iqi trong mot khdng gian, thdi gian hay ndi dung DT nhd't djnh. Do dd, khdi niem nhd trudng cung md rong han, khdng chi gidi hqn trong nhd trudng chinh quy md boo hdm tdt cd cdc kieu nhd trudng khde nhau, trong dd nhd trudng chinh quy dugc xem Id he thdng don vj ndng cot cua he thdng GD.
Nhd trudng cua Viet Nam hien nay phdi Id nhd trudng hien dqi vdi nhiJng ddc trung neu d tren vd mang nhiJng dqc thu bdn sdc Viet Nam, ddp ung cdc yeu cdu cua sy nghiep CNH, HDH vd hdi nhdp qude te. D6 Id nhd trudng thyc hien GD todn dien: tri dye, due dye, the dye, GD loo ddng vd mT dye; thyc hien nguyen li GD: hqc di ddi vdi hdnh, GD ket hgp vdi lao ddng sdn xudt, nhd trudng gdn lien vdi gia dinh vd xd hdi; tdeh rdi ton gido, ndi dung GD ddm bdo tinh khoa hqc, dqi chung, ddn tdc; thuc hien binh ddng GD, khdng phdn biet nam, nij, ddn tdc, tdn gido, thdnh phdn xd hdi; ddm bdo su ddn chu trong qud trinh GD vd mgi hoqt ddng cua nhd trudng; nhd trudng Id noi tuyen truyen, GD sdu rong chu nghla Mdc-Lenin vd tu tudng Hd Chi Minh.
2. Quan niem ve nhd trudng hien d q i - ca sd de thiet ke md hinh trudng PT sou 10-15 ndm tdi
1) GD vi sy phdt trien cua mdi ngudi hqc vd ddp ung nhu cdu cua xd hdi Id triet li phdt
* Vien Khoa hoc giao due Viet Nam
then nhd trudng PT. GD vi sy phdt trien cua moi ngudi hgc bdt nguon tu tu tudng ve con ngudi phdt trien todn dien vd hdi hod trong cdc tdc phdm triet hgc vd GD hgc d thdi ki Phyc hung. O nude to, tu tudng phdt trien todn dien con ngudi, Idn ddu tien dugc Chu tjeh Hd Chi Minh neu ro trong thu gui HS nhdn ngdy ddu ndm hgc ddu tien cua nude Viet Nam Ddn chu Cdng hod «Ngdy nay cdc chdu dugc cdi may mdn hon cha onh Id dugc hudng mot nen GD cua mot nude doe Idp, mot nen GD se DT cdc chdu nen nhiJng ngudi edng ddn ed ich cho nude Viet Nam, mot nen GD Idm phdt trien hodn todn nhCrng ndng lye sdn ed cua cdc chdu".
Nhu vqy, GD vi sy phdt trien cua mdi ngudi hoc Id mot quy ludt. Theo quan diem cua UNESCO, phdt trien ngudi Id sy gia tdng gid trj cho con ngudi, gid trj tinh thdn, gid trj dqo due, gid trj the chdt, vqt chdt.
GD ddp ung nhu cdu xd hdi, trudc het vd Id quan trqng nhdt. Id ddp ung nhu cdu phdt trien nguon nhdn lye. Ddt nude to dang budc vdo thdi ki CNH, HDH. Myc tieu tdng qudt cua CNH, HDH d Viet Nam Id den ndm 2020 cdn bdn bien nude to tu mot nude ndng nghiep Iqc hdu thdnh mot nude cdng nghiep theo hudng hien dqi, ddi sdng vqt chdt vd vdn hod cua nhdn ddn dugc ndng cao vd hdi hod vdi su phdt trien kinh te. Sy nghiep CNH, HDH ddt nude ddi hdi phdi phdt trien nguon nhdn lye, Idy viee phdt huy nguon lye con ngudi Idm yeu td CO bdn cho sy phdt trien nhanh vd ben vung.
GD vi sy phdt trien cua mdi ngudi hqc vd GD ddp ung nhu cdu xd hdi ed mdi quan he mat thiet vdi nhau: Phdt trien dugc mdi ngudi hgc thi se ddp iJng dugc nhu cdu xd hdi; ddp ung nhu cdu xd hdi se tqo dieu kien de phdt trien moi ngudi hqc. Triet li GD vi su phdt trien cua mdi ngudi hqc Id GD hudng den tung ed nhdn, thua nhqn sy tdn tqi cua cd nhdn. Chien luge GD ddng loot se dugc thay the bdng chien luge phdn hod. Triet If GD ndy Id kim chi nam cho viee td chuc mqi hoqt ddng GD trong nhd trudng PT trong tuong lai.
2) Nhd trudng phdi thyc hien su menh cua GDPT trong thdi ki mdi. Nhd trudng PT Id te bdo cua he thdng GDPT, do dd nd phdi thyc hien su menh cua GDPT. Trong xd hdi hien dqi, hqc tap sudt ddi trd thdnh triet If sdng cua moi con ngudi, do dd, GDPT khdng nhung khdi ddu cung cdp nhCrng kien thuc vd kT ndng (KN) ca bdn cdn thiet cho mdi con ngudi, md cdn hinh thdnh d hq ndng lye de hqc sudt ddi. Su menh cua GDPT Id
hinh thdnh vd phdt trien nhdn edch HS, chudn bj cho nguon nhdn lye ed chdt lugng, tuc Id gdp phdn phdt trien vdn ngudi, vdn xd hdi, bdo tdn vd phdt trien bdn sdc vdn hda ddn tdc, ddp ung yeu cdu CNH, HDH vd hdi nhdp qud'c te. Mye tieu cua GDPT boo gdm myc tieu he thdng vd mye tieu nhdn each. Myc tieu he thdng Id ndng cao ddn tri, chudn bj nguon nhdn lye, phdt hien, bdi dudng ndng khieu. Mye tieu nhdn edch Id phdt trien hdi hda the chdt vd tinh thdn d tre em;
hinh thdnh d tre em nhiJng phdm chdt nhdn edch Idm ngudi Viet Nam: yeu gia dinh, yeu que huang, ddt nude, ty hdo truyen thdng tdt dep cua ddn tdc, trung thyc, trdeh nhiem, Id'i sdng Idnh mqnh; cd thdi quen ren luyen thdn the vd bdo ve sue khde cua bdn thdn; cd kien thuc co bdn cdn thiet cho mdi eon ngudi ve ty nhien, xd hdi , tu duy, su dyng dugc mot ngoqi ngiJ, ed KN eo bdn su dyng edng nghe thdng tin vd truyen thdng, ndng ddng, thich tJng, chu ddng, sdng tqo, cd KN ty hgc de hgc sudt ddi. Do dd, phdt trien Chuang trinh GDPT trong thdp ki tdi phdi theo hudng hien dqi hda ndi dung, cdp nhdt thdnh tyu cua khoa hqc cdng nghe tren the gidi vd thyc tien phdt trien KT-XH Viet Nam, tdng cudng noi dung thiet thyc vdi ngudi hqc, hinh thdnh cdc chudn mdi ve kien thuc, KN, thdi do phu hgp vdi yeu cdu hgc sudt ddi, GD vi sy phdt trien ben vCrng vd phdt huy ndng lye cd nhdn. Ddng thdi vdi hien dqi hda ndi dung Id thay ddi edch dqy, edch hqc, edch ddnh gid. Theo djnh hudng ndy, ehuong trinh GDPT dugc thiet ke Id mot chuang trinh tdng the todn cdp, tuong thich vdi 2 giai doqn: giai doqn GD co sd (co bdn, bdt budc) vd giai doqn sou GD co sd, chudn bj cho HS vdo ddi, hoqe hqc len cao ddng, dqi hgc. O giai doqn GDCS, HS dugc tiep nhdn nhung kien thuc, KN PT CO bdn cdn thiet cho mdi con ngudi sdng trong xd hdi hien dqi. O giai doqn sou GDCS, ndi dung GD khdng dp dyng ddng loot cho mqi HS, cd nhieu phuong dn thyc hien de tqo ra nhieu CO hdi lya chqn cho HS. Phuong phdp dqy hqc chuyen tu truyen thy sang dqy edch hqc, edch chiem iTnh tri thuc. Kiem tra, ddnh gid chuyen tu tap trung vdo ghi nhd sang ddnh gid ndng lye.
3) Nhd trudng PT phdi ddp ung nhu cdu phdt then cua fre em lua tudi thieu nien vd vi thdnh nien. Nhung nghien cuu gdn ddy ve dqc diem tdm sinh If HS hqc cho thd'y cd hien tugng gia tdc phdt trien ve sinh hqc vd tdm li. HS ngdy
Tap chi Giao due s6 2 5 5 (ki i • 2/2011)
nay phdt trien hon the he cung do tudi edch ddy vdi thdp ki ve the lye (chieu coo, cdn ndng), ve cdc chi sd phdt trien tri tue (IQ, CQ, EQ), ve hung thu hqc tap, ve KN thich ung xd hoi. Xu hudng nghe nghiep cung Id mot ddc diem tdm If quan trqng d HS THCS vd THPT. GD xu hudng nghe nghiep dung ddn cho HS lua tudi thanh thieu nien se gdp phdn gidi quyet cdc mdu thudn xd hdi dang tdn tqi. KN thfch ung xd hdi cung Id mot net tdm li edn phdt trien d HS trong dieu kien ddt nude chuyen sang nen kinh te thj trudng vd hdi nhdp qud'c te. Cd 4 nhdm KN co bdn thuqe KN thich ung xd hdi: nhdm KN hgp tdc; nhdm KN quyet dodn, ty khdng djnh; nhdm KN ddng cam;
nhdm KN kiem che, ty kiem sodt. KN thich ung xd hoi Id nhCrng mdu ung xu tap nhiem hoy hqc dugc, dugc chdp nhdn ve mat xd hdi, giup mot cd nhdn CO the quyet dinh hdnh ddng vd ung xu mot edch cd hieu qud vdi ngudi khde, giup ngudi dd nhanh chong thich nghi vdi hodn ednh, trdnh dugc nhiJng hdu qud tieu eye ve mat xd hdi.
Tre em vd thanh thieu nien Viet Nam hien nay phdt trien han ddng ke so vdi the he cung trang lua edch ddy vdi chye ndm ve cdc mat sinh li, tdm li vd xd hdi. Do dd, GD-DT, trudc het Id GDPT edn phdi cd su ddi mdi triet de ve noi dung vd phuong phdp GD tuong thich vdi trinh do phdt trien cua tre em vd thuc ddy sy phdt trien. Nhu cdu phdt trien tdm sinh li d do tudi thanh thieu nien (tudi HS) ddi hdi phdi chuyen nhd trudng PT truyen thdng sang nhd trudng kieu mdi.
4) Sy phdt then KT-XH ddi hdi phdi chuyen trudng hqc truyen thdng sang nhd trudng kieu mdi. Yeu cdu phdt trien KT-XH trong nhiJng ndm tdi ddi hdi ngudn nhdn lye khdng chi ddm bdo ve sd lugng md cdn phdi ddm bdo chdt lugng cao. Ngudn nhdn lye Viet Nam hien nay, tuy chiem ti le khd cao so vdi ddn sded nude (62,7%
ddn sd trong do tudi lao ddng), tre, kheo toy, nhung trinh do hqc vdn cdn kem so vdi cdc nude trong khu vyc. Chdt lugng nhdn lye edn thdp ve kien thuc chuyen mdn vd KN nghe nghiep, thieu nhieu nhdn lye trinh do cao tren nhieu linh vyc, ngdnh nghe tu sdn xudt kinh doanh tdi qudn li Nhd nude, hdnh chinh sy nghiep... Cocdu nhdn lye qua DT chua hgp li, nhdn lye trong khu vyc ndng nghiep cdn chiem ti le khd Idn cdn phdi gidm xudng ddng ke trong nhung ndm tdi. Chdt lugng ngudn nhdn lye thyc sy cd y nghla quy dinh mue do tdng trudng kinh te vd sy thdnh cdng cua cdng nghiep hod. Chdt lugng ngudn nhdn lye
Tap chi Giao due so 2 5 5 (ki i . 2/2011 j
do ehfnh he thdng GD-DT vd chdm sdc y te quyet djnh. Chinh vi vqy, sy phdt trien KT-XH vd nhu cdu nhdn luc qua DT vua tqo ra thdi co Idn, ddng thdi ddt ra nhiJng thdch thuc khdng nhd cho GD nude to. Sy phdt trien kinh te se tqo tien de cho ddu tu mqnh hon de phdt trien GD. Cdc ngudn ddu tu cho GD trd nen da dqng hon, khdng chi tu ngdn sdeh nhd nude md cdn cd sy ddng gdp cua cdc ca sd kinh te, cua nhdn ddn. Chuyen nhd trudng PT truyen thdng sang nhd trudng kieu mdi Id mot gidi phdp quan trgng gdp phdn tqo ngudn nhdn luc ed chdt lugng cao ddp ung yeu cdu phdt trien KT-XH trong thdi ki hdi nhdp qude te.
3. M d hinh trudng PT sou 10-15 ndm tdi Tu cdc cdn cu trinh bdy d tren, chung tdi mqnh dqn phdc thdo md hinh nhd trudng PT Viet Nam sou 10-15 ndm tdi Id nhd trudng md, gdn ket chdt che vdi gia dinh HS vd edng ddng; thyc hien GD todn dien vd ed du dieu kien thuc hien hieu qud GD todn dien; ddm bdo ddn chu, hgp tdc Id nguyen tdc chi phdi tdt cd cdc hoqt ddng trong nhd trudng. Cdc thdnh to cdu true co bdn cua nhd trudng nhu sou:
Myc tieu cua nhd trudng: Tren ca sd mye tieu cua GDPT, nhd trudng phdi ed mye tieu cy the, the hien rd triet If phdt trien cua nhd trudng cd sue hdp ddn vdi HS, cho me cdc em vd cdng ddng.
Qudn li nhd trudng: Dugc quyen ty chu ve nhdn sy, tdi chinh vd td chuc thyc hien ehuong trinh GD tren co sd ddm bdo ddn chu, edng khai, minh bqch vdi su gidm sdt cua tap the GV vd cdng ddng. Qudn If tap trung vdo qudn If chdt lugng.
Xdy dyng vd duy tri vdn hda nhd trudng; xdy dyng vd duy tri quan he nhd trudng vdi cdng ddng.
Ndi dung GD: Thyc hien GD todn dien: Due due, tri dye, GD the chdt vd sue khde, GD thdm mT, GD lao ddng. Ndi dung GD hudng vdo viee hinh thdnh vd phdt trien cdc ndng lye d HS, dugc td chuc thdnh cdc mdn hgc (bdt budc vd ty chqn) vd cdc hoqt ddng GD ( coi trgng cdc hoqt ddng xd hdi vd hudng nghiep).
Phuemg phdp vd hinh thuc tdchuc GD: Loqi bd kieu dqy hqc nhdi nhet, dp dqt. A p dyng cdc phuang phdp dqy hqc phdt huy tinh tich cue, chu ddng, sdng tqo d HS; dqy edch hqc, edch tu luc chiem iTnh tri thuc. Ung dyng mqnh me edng nghe thdng tin vd truyen thdng trong dqy hqc nhdm ndng cao hieu qud dqy hqc. Kiem tra, ddnh gid sudt qud trinh vd hudng vdo ndng luc HS. Hinh thuc td chuc GD do dqng: ed nhdn vd hgp tdc nhdm; trong Idp, ngodi Idp; trong trudng, ngodi
. #
nhd trudng; ehfnh khdo, ngoqi khda; thuc tap, thyc hdnh, tham quan, cdu Iqc bg,v.v...
Thdi lugng hgc tap: Thdi lugng hgc tap Id mot yeu to quan trgng quyet djnh chdt lugng GD.
Do dd, thdi gian hgc tap trong nhd trudng dugc keo ddi cd ngdy (tu 6-7 tieng ddng hd) vd phdn bd hgp li cho cdc tiet hoe vd cdc hoqt ddng GD khde ddm bdo phu hgp ddc diem tinh chdt cua ndi dung mdn hgc, hoqt ddng GD vd ddc diem nhd trudng, dja phuang.
Dgi ngu GV vd cdn bg qudn li: Cdn bd qudn li: hieu trudng vd phd hieu trudng: dugc DT ve khoa hgc qudn li GD; ed phdm chdt chinh trj, dqo due, Id'i sdng tdt. Id tdm guong tdt cho GV, Id trung tdm dodn ket cua nhd trudng; ed ndng lye Idp ke hoqch, to chuc, ehi dqo thyc hien vd kiem tra, ddnh gid mgi linh vyc hoqt ddng cua nhd trudng; cd ndng lye Idi eudn tap the GV, cdc lye lugng ngodi xd hdi tham gia vdo qud trinh GD HS.
Ddi ngu GV: DO so lugng, loqi hinh GV vd nhdn vien hd trg. Mdi GV Id mot nhd GD, cd phdm chdt nhdn edch vd ndng lye nghe nghiep:
- Cd Idng yeu nude vd ty hdo ddn tdc; Thyc hien nghiem chinh nghTa vy cdng ddn; Cd Idi sdng Idnh mqnh, tdc phong vdn minh, Ijch sy, gidn di.
Het Idng yeu thuong HS; - Cd cdc ndng lye (NL):
NL tim hieu HS, NL tim hieu mdi trudng GD HS, NL dqy hgc, NL GD, NL giao tiep, NL hoqt ddng xd hdi, NL ty hqc vd nghien cuu khoa hqc.
Co so vqt chat - thiet bi day hgc: Cd du khdng gian su phqm vdi ca sd hq tdng phu hgp
ddm bdo cho viee thuc hien ed hieu qud GD todn dien. Cd du thiet bj dqy hqc ed chdt lugng vd cdc phuang tien kT thudt khde de thuc hien cd hieu qud ehuong trinh GD theo hudng phdt trien cdc ndng lye d HS vd chdm sdc sue khde HS.
Mdi trudng GD thdn ihien, Idnh mgnh: Cdnh quan nhd trudng ddm bdo xanh, sqch, dep, an todn. Nhd trudng cd mdi quan he chdt che vdi chinh quyen dja phuong vd cdng ddng, huy dqng dugc cdc ngudn lye xd hdi vdo hoqt ddng GD cua nhd trudng. Xdy dyng bdu khdng khi ddn chu, thdn thien, hgp tdc trong mdi quan he giua GV vdi GV, giua GV vdi Idnh dqo nhd trudng, giiJa GV vdi HS, giua HS vdi nhau vd giCra GV, nhd trudng vdi cho me HS. •
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Bao cao ket qua nghien cuu de tai KHCN cap nha nuoc (ma s6 DTDL-2004/23). Vien Chien luge va Chuang trinh GD, H 9/2007.
2. Du thao Chien luge phat trien KT-XH 2011 -2020, Du thao cac van kien trinh Dai hoi XI ciia Dang, H 9/2010.
3. Pham Minh Hac (chu bien). Phat trien van hoa, con nguoi va nguon nhan luc thoi Id cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nmrc. NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, H 2007.
4. Pham Minh Hac - Tran Kieu - Dang Ba Lam - Nghiem Dinh Vy (chd bien). Giao due the gidi di vao the ki 21. NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, H 2002.
5. Vu Trgng Ry. Bao cao tong ket de tai cap bO " Dinh hudng phat trien giao due Viet Nam trong qiia trinh hoi nhap qud'c te' " (ma so B2007- CTGD-01). Vien Khoa hgc giao due Viet Nam, H 2009.
MUG tieu, nhiem vu...
(Tiep theo trang 2)
qudn ddu ngudi khodng 2.000 USD. Tudi thg trung binh ndm 2015 dqt 74 tudi. Ti le ho ngheo theo chudn mdi gidm binh qudn 2%/ndm. Ti le che phu rung ndm 2015 dqt 42 - 43%.
Trong nhiem ki khoa XI, tren ca sd qudn triet vd Idnh dqo, chi dqo todn dien viee thyc hien cdc quan diem, nhiem vy tren tdt ed cdc linh vyc dd neu trong Bdo edo chinh trj, edn tap trung Idnh dqo, chi dqo tqo sy chuyen bien mqnh me trong thyc hien nhiJng nhiem vy trgng tdm sou:
- Ndng cao ndng lye Idnh dqo vd sue chien ddu cua Ddng; - Ddy mqnh cdi edch hdnh chinh, nhd't Id thu tyc hdnh chinh lien quan den to chuc vd hoqt ddng cua doanh nghiep, sinh hoqt cua nhdn ddn; - Ndng cao chdt lugng ngudn nhdn luc ddp
ung yeu cdu cua cdng cuqc cdng nghiep hda, hien dqi hda, hdi nhdp kinh te quoc te cua ddt nude; - Xdy dung ddng bd he thdng ket cdu hq tdng kinh te, nhd't Id he thdng giao thdng, yeu to dang gdy deh tdc, cdn trd sy tdng trudng kinh te, gdy buc xuc trong nhdn ddn; - Ddi mdi quan he phdn phdi, chinh sdeh tien luong, thu nhdp cua cdn bd, cdng chuc, vien chiJc, ngudi lao ddng;
khde phyc tinh trqng bdt hgp If vd tdc ddng tieu eye cua quan he phdn phdi, ehfnh sdeh tien luong, thu nhdp hien nay; - Tap trung gidi quyet mot so vdn de xd hdi buc xuc (suy thodi dqo due, Id'i sdng, te nqn xd hdi, trdt ty, ki cuong xd hdi);
- Ddy mqnh, ndng coo hieu qud eugc ddu tranh phdng, chd'ng tham nhung, Idng phi de thyc sy ngdn chqn, ddy lui dugc te nqn ndy. •
(Trich Nghj quyet Dgi hoi dgi bieu todn quoc Idn thu XI Ddng Cong sdn Viet Nam)