DmaHpc
JNGAY NAY
807-2011
Gl
DAY VA HOC SANG TAO
Scf do tir duy (Mind Map)
va ufUg dung trong day hpc mon Toan
BUI KHAC TIN
TrUdng Gao dang sU pham Kien Giang
I. SO DO TU DUY (MIND MAP)
1. Tony Buzan sinh nam 1942 tai London (Anh) la cha de cua phUdng phap tu duy Mind Map (sd do tu duy, gian do y).
dng la tac gia cua 92 dau sach dugc djch ra tren 30 thuf tieng, xuat ban tren 125 qud'e gia, 5ng da di nhieu nu6e tren the gidi de ph6 bien phUdng phap cua minh. Tony Buzan la ed' van eho mdt so t6 ehijfe ehinh phij va eae edng ty da qud'e gia hang dau nhu Hewlett Packard, IBM, BP, Barclays International, EDS..., la giang vien thudng xuyen cua cac Dai hpe Oxford, Cam- bridge... d Vi^t Nam, da eo 2 quyen sach djch tir edng trinh eiia dng mdi duge xuat ban la Sa d6 tuduyva Sil dung tri nao eiia b^n. Tony Buzan tCrng de'n Vidt Nam vao thang 4 nam 2007 d l giang day ve Mind Map va giao lUu vdi cde ban tre va doanh nhdn Viet Nam. Tony Buzan nghien eiifu chuyen sau ve bd nao, tri nhd, tim ra quy luat khi xay dung sd do gom nhieu nhanh, giup bd nao ghi chep cac sU kien mot each he thd'ng.
Ong eho rang bd nao sinh ra la de suy nghTvd ghi nhd thi minh eSn phai tap JUydn nd. 8d do tu duy giiip luyen tap tri nao.
2. Sd do tuduy (SDTD) la mot edng cy to ehCfe tU duy. Day Id phUdng phap dS nha't d l chuyen tai thdng tin vao bd nao roi dua thdng tin ra ngoai bd nao. Nd la mdt phUdng tien ghi chep day sdng tao va rat hidu qua, giup "sdp xep" y nghTcua ehung ta. SDTD la m^t hinh thtfc ghi chep sir dgng mau sac, hinh anh d l md rdng, ddo sau cac y tudng. 6 glOfa sd do la mdt y tudng hay hinh anh trung tam. Y tudng hay hinh anh trung tam nay se dugc phat triln, phan chia thanh eae nhanh cap 1 tUdng trung eho eae y chtnh dugc noi vdi y tudng trung tam. Cdc nhanh nay l^i dUde phdn chia thanh eae nhanh cap 2, cap 3, ...Tr§n ede nhanh ta t h i hien cac hinh anh hay ky hieu can thiet giiip trinh bay ngdn gpn va ghi nhd td't hdn.
Nhd sir ket nd'i giijfa cac nhanh, cac y tudng dupe lien kit vdi nhau vd sd do tU duy ed t h i bao quat dUde cac y tudng tren mot ph?im vi sau rdng va cd he thd'ng. SDTD dUdc hieu la mpt each md ra sijfe m^nh tU duy, tao ra nhOng dpt pha trong suy nghT.
3. Cd sd cCia sd do tU duy:
- Cdsdsinh ly than kinh. NhUng thanh tyu nghien ciJu trong nhOng nam gan day cho tha'y bd nao khdng tu duy theo dang tuyin tinh ma bdng each t^o ra nhUng kit noi, nhiJfng nhanh th^n kinh. NhOng nghien cilu bIng dnh epng hudng tu cho thay toan bp bo nao ho^t ddng mdt cdeh dong bp trong cdc hoat dpng tinh thSn ciJa con ngudi. Qua trinh tU duy la sir kit hpp phOc t9p giOa ngdn ngCf, hinh anh, khung cdnh, mdu sac, dm
thanh, giai dieu, nghTa la qua trinh tu duy da sir dung toan bd cde phan khde nhau tren bd nao. Thi du, khi hpe sinh tien hdnh thf nghiem vat ly, nao trai ddng vai trd thu thap so lieu (hieu dien the, cUdng dp ddng dien,...) cdn nao ddng vai trd xay dyng sd do thi nghiem, bd' tri cac dgng eu do. Ngoai ra, tfnh hap din ~ eua hinh anh, am thanh, ket qua eija thi nghiem,...gay ra nhOng kfch thich manh me len nao tao dilu kien thuan Ipi d l vd nao phan ti'ch, xiT ly, rut ra kit luan va giup eho viee ghi nhd dupe lau ben.
- Ca sd tdm ly hpc. True gide ddng vai trd quan trpng trong sang tao. Cd sd cua trUe giae la tri tudng tUpng khoa hpe. Khi ta suy nghTve mdt van de nao dd, thdng tin dupe ti'eh luy trong nao mdt each dan dan. Bang tri tUdng tUpng, con ngudi xdy dgng cdc sd do, md hinh va tiln hanh thao tae vdi ede vat li§u ay. Khi dupe nhiJfng sg kien mdi lam nay sinh, kieh thi'eh, khdi gpi, nhOng thdng tin tfch luy dupe trong nao se bat ra mdt each tu nhien va d l dang, giup con ngUdi phan doan nhanh va cai mdi xuat hien. Hinh anh, ky hieu, mau sac ddng vai trd quan trpng trong tUdng tUdng vi ehung la nhOfng" vat lidu neo thdng tin", niu khdng ed chung khdng the tao ra dUde sU lien kit giCfa cac y tudng. Tony Buzan neu thi du niu tudng tupng ve mpt ngudi ban than thi nham mat lai chung ta khdng thay chO "
ngUdi ban than" ma la hinh anh ngudi ban dd, vay neu mudn ghi nhd nhCfng y tudng, sU kien, ndi dung nao dd, ehung ta se dga vao hinh anh, ky hi§u, mau sac, sU lien tudng va lien kit.
Cach tot nha't de lien kit hinh anh tren mdt trang giay la sir dgng cac mui ten, khoang each, ky hieu ma ta nhd dUde . Dd ehinh la Mind Map.
4. Tac dung ciia sd do tU duy:
Vdi each the hien gan nhU ed ehe hoat dpng cua bd nao, sd do tu duy se giup ta:
Sang tao hdn.
Tiet kiem thdi gian.
- Ghi nhd tot hdn.
- Nhin thay bufe tranh tong thi.
To chufc va phan loai cde y tUdng.
- Lap ke hoach, giai quylt van de va gidm sat edngviec.
To ehufe, luu trOf thdng tin mdt each khoa hpe, d i dang tim kiem.
Trinh bay, dien dat ed hieu qua hdn.
To ehire va phat huy hi^u qua sg sdng tao va ddng gdp cCia cac thanh vien khi lam viec theo nhdm.
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Mot dang so* do tu duy II. UTVG DUNG SO DO TU" DUY TRONG DAY HOC MON TOAN
Vdi y nghTa, co sd va tde dung cua SDTD nhu da neu trdn, SDTD ijrng dung trong day hpc dugc xem nhu Id mpt ky thuat day hoe tfch cue. Cd the su dung ky thuat SDTD trong qud trinh day hpe: td chiic cho hoc sinh tim toi, kham pha, phat hien kidn thiic, giai quydt vdn dd, day hge giai bai tdp, dn tap hd thdng hda, ling dung kidn thiic vao thue tidn...Do dac trung mdn todn, viec sii dung so do tu duy trong day hpc Id rdt cdn thiet nhdm ren luydn cho hoc sinh cac thao tdc tu duy phan tfch, tdng hgp, hd thdng hda kidn thiic, phan tfch tim dudng ldi gidi todn...
Thuc ra, vide su dung so dd trong day hpe mon todn da dugc dd cap tir lau nhung tdm quan trpng ciia nd ddi khi chua dugc quan tam diing miic. Bai vidt ndy xin gdp thdm mdt sd ^ kidn dd gido vidn, ddc bidt Id sinh vien nganh Su pham Toan quan tdm ling dung so dd tu duy trong day hpe. Sau ddy la mdt sd vi du vd sir dung SDTD trong d?y hpc mdn Toan d bdc hpc Trung hoc co sd de minh hpa.
1. Su" dung so dd tn duy de on t^p, he thdng hda kiln thirc: Vi du khi dn tap vd tu giae, cd thd eho hpe sinh
lap so dd nhu sau vdi yeu cdu tra ldi hd thdng cdu hdi tu ?1 ddn ?12, chdng han vdi ?1 Id edu hdi " Diiu kien dernqt tu
gide Id hinh thang ? " v.v..DtMvaHpC
ySGAY NAY •
2. Sur dung sa do tu duy trong phan tich tim each giai bai toan
Vi du 1: Giai bai toan bdng each lap phuang trinh: " Mpt xudng may phdi may xong 3000 do trong mpt thai gian quy dinh. De hodn thdnh sdm ke hoach, moi ngdy xudng da may nhieu han 6 do so vdi so do phdi may trong mot ngdy theo ke hoach. Vi the 5 ngdy trude khi het thdi han, xudng da may duac 2650 do.
Hoi theo ki hoach mdi ngdy xuangphdi may bao nhieu do?", Bdng he thong cau hoi phii hgp, co the day hge sinh lap sa d6 nhu sau dl tim each giai:
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