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Kreuzer M. (2001). R u m i n a l m e t h a n o g e n e s i s as influenced b y i n d i v i d u a l fatty a d d s s u p p l e m e n t e d to complete r u m i n a n t diets. Letters in A p p Mic., 32 47-51.
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Quantitative m e t a - a n a l y s i s on the effects of d e f a u n a t i o n of the r u m e n on g r o w t h , intake a n d d i g e s t i o n in r u m i n a n t s . Liv Pro S a , 85. 81-97.
5 Goel G. and Makkar H,P. (2012). M e t h a n e m i t i g a h o n from r u m i n a n t s u s i n g t a n n i n s a n d s a p o n i n s . Tro. A m , Heal- Pro,, 44- 729-39
6 Goering H.K. and Van Soest EJ. (1970). Forage fiber analyses a p p a r a t u s , r e a g e n t s , p r o c e d u r e s , a n d s o m e applications. A g r i c u l t u r a l Research Service, US D e p a r t m e n t of A g n c u l t u r e
7 Tran H i e p , Pham Kim D i n g va Chu M a n h T h J n g (2016). A n h h u o n g cua viec b o s u n g d a u b o n g de'n k h a n a n g san xua't v a p h a t thai khi m e t a n tir d a co cua b o s u a T a p chi KHPT, 14: 28-35.
8 Tran H i e p va Chu M a n h T h i n g (2019) A n h h u o n g cua cac miic b o s u n g d a u b o n g va tanin tii bgt d i e x a n h d e n l u o n g t h u n h a n , ty le tieu hoa va p h a t thai khi m e t a n cua bo giai d o a n n u o i c a n siia. T a p chi K H C N C h a n n u o i , 105' 50-60.
9. Leng R. (2008) T h e p o t e n h a l o f f e e d i n g n i t r a t e to r e d u c e enteric m e t h a n e p r o d u c t i o n in r u m i n a n t s . A Report to the D e p a r t m e n t of C l i m a t e C h a n g e , C o m m o n w e a l t h G o v e r n m e n t of Australia, C a n b e r r a .
10. Machmuller A, (2006). M e d i u m - c h a i n fatty acids a n d their potential lo r e d u c e m e t h a n o g e n e s i s in domesHc ruminants. A g r Eco Env., 112: 107-14
11. Madsen J,, Bjerg B.S., H v e l p l u n d T„ Weisbjerg M.R.
and Lund P. (2010). M e t h a n e a n d carbon dioxide ratio in excreted air for quantification of the m e t h a n e production from r u m m a n t s . Liv Sci., 129: 223-7.
12. Moss A.R., JouanyJ.P-and N e w b o l d J. (2000), M e t h a n e production b y r u m i n a n t s ; its c o n t n b u t i o n to global w a r m i n g . In. A n n a l e s d e z o o t e c h n i e P p 231-53 13. Mueller-Harvey L, Bee G., D o h m e - M e i e r F., H o s t e
H., Karonen M., Kolliker R., Liischer A„ N i d e r k o m v., Pellikaan W.F and S a l m i n e n J.R (2019). Beneftts of c o n d e n s e d t a n n i n s m forage l e g u m e s fed to r u m m a n t s . i m p o r t a n c e of s t r u c t u r e , concentration, a n d diet c o m p o s i t i o n C r o p Sci., 59: 861-85
14. N h a n N.T.H., N g u N.T., Thiet N., Preston T.R. and Leng R-A. (2007). D e t e r m i n a t i o n of the o p t i m u m level of a soybean oil d r e n c h with respect to the r u m e n ecosystem, feed intake a n d digestibility in cattle.
LIV. Res Rur. Dev. 19. h t t p 7 / w w w h - r d o r g / l r r d l 9 / 8 / n h a n l 9 1 1 7 h t m .
15. N R C (2001). N u t n e n t r e q u i r e m e n t s of d a i r y cattle.
NaHonal A c a d e m i e s Press, W a s h m g t o n , D C . 16. S o p h e a I. and Preston T. (2011). Effect of different levels
of s u p p l e m e n t a r y p o t a s s i u m nitrate replacing urea on g r o w t h rates a n d m e t h a n e p r o d u c t i o n m goats fed rice straw, m i m o s a foliage a n d water s p i n a c h . Liy Res Rur.
Dev, 23- http://ww%v.irrd.org/bTd23/4/soph23071 h t m 17. Steinfed H., Gerber P., Wassenaar T.D. and Castel
V.H.C, (2006). Livestock's long s h a d o w envirorunental issues a n d o p h o n s , FAO-
18. Chu Manh Thang, N g u y e n D i n h Tirong va Tran. H i e p (2016). A n h h u o n g cua viec b o s u n g tanin tit bot che x a n h (CameUia sinensis) d e h s m h t r u o n g , hieu qua s u d u n g thiic an va m i i c d o p h a t thai khi m e t a n tir d a co ciia b o thit T a p chi K H C N C h a n n u o i , 63 56-67 19. Vasta V. and Luciano G. (2011) T h e effects of dietary
c o n s u m p t i o n of p l a n t s s e c o n d a r y c o m p o u n d s o n small r u m i n a n t s ' p r o d u c t s quality Small Rum. Res,, 101:150- 59
20. Waghora G. (2008). Beneficial a n d d e h i m e n t a l effects of dietary c o n d e n s e d tannins for sustainable s h e e p a n d g o a t p r o d u c h o n — P r o g r e s s a n d challenges. A m . Feed Sci. a n d Tech., 147:116-39.
21. Woodward S.L., Waghorn G.C. and Laboyrie RG.
(2004). C o n d e n s e d t a n n m s in birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus cormculatus) r e d u c e m e t h a n e emissions from d a i r y cows, Proc N Z Soc A m Pro , 64,160-64
sis DUNG v d CHANH LEO, LOI NGO TRONG HON HOP THU'C AN LEN MEN CHO BO TIET SCfA TAI SON LA
Tran Hiep'*, Biii Quang Tuan' va Nguyen Hung Son' N g a y n h a n bai b a o : 04/04/2020 - N g a y n h a n bai p h a n bien: 20/04/2020
N g a y bai b a o d u g c c h a p n h a n d a n g : 27/04/2020 T O M TAT
Nghien cihi n h a m d a n h gia hieu qua cua viec s u d u n g vo chanh leo, loi ngo kho trong thuc an h o n h o p len m e n cho bo siia. Thi nghiem d u o c tieh h a n h t u thang 6/2019 d e h 10/2019 tai Trai bo thi trail Nong t m o n g Moc Chau. Thuc an h o n h o p d u o c u yem khi trong cac tiii nylon day co d u d n g kinh 1,5m, dai 2,5m. Thdi diem ii la 3 va 5 tuan. Thi nghiem nuoi d u d n g d u o c tieh hanh tren 20 bo ' Hoc vien N o n g n g h i e p Viet N a m
* Tac gia Hen h | TS Tran H i e p , Khoa Char 1, H p c v i e n N o n g n g h i e p Viet N a m DT, 0915.094.819; Email t r a n h i e p P v n u a
KHKT Chdn nuoi so 257 - thdng 6 ndm 2020 63
DINH D U O N G VA THU'C AN CHANNUOI
vat siia HF c6 chu ky sua 2-5, thang siia 2-3. Bo sua dugc phan ngau nhien vao 416 thi nghiem, m6i 16 5 con, dam bao dong deu ve nang suat sua va khoi luong co the bo. Lo doi chiing (DC) su dung khan phan hien tai ciia trang trai, 16 thi nghiem 1 (FTMRl), 16 FTMR2 va 16 FTMR3 su dung thuc an h6n hop len men FTMRl, FTMR2 va FTMR3. Ke't qua thi nghiem cho thay co the su dung v6 chanh leo, loi ngd kho trong thiic an hon hgp len men. Thiic an hon hgp len men cd the bao quan thdi gian 3-5 tuan va dap ung duoc nhu cau dinh dudng ciia bd HF giai doan tie't siia. Cong thtic sii dung 35% vd chanh leo ket hop voi 5% loi ng6 kho cho ke't qua tot nhat
Tir khoa: Phu pham nong nghiep. u chua, thdc dn cho bo.
ABSTRACT
Utilization of passion fruit peel, dry maize cob and sugarcane bagasse in the FTMR for milking cow feeding
The study aimed to to evaluate the utilization of passion fruit peel, dr}' maize cob and su- garcane bagasse in the fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) for HF milking cow feeding. The experiments were conducted from October 2017 to December 2019 in the laboratory of Depar- ment of animal nutrihon and feeding, Facultj' of Animal Science, Vietnam National Umversity of Agriculture. The FTMR rations were ensilaged in an anaerobic condition in 10-liter plastic bottles (laboration condition) and in a thick nylon bag 1.5m in diameter and 2.5m long (feeding trial in farm condition). Ensiling periods of 3 and 5 weeks. Total 20 HF milking cows (2-5 lactation cycles, 2-3 month of lactating) was divided into 4 groups in a completely randomized block design (body weight, milk yield) experiment with five replications per group. The animals were offered one of 4 diets: a basal diet (control), and FTMRl, FTMR2 va FTMR3 Results showed that it is possible to use passion fruit peel, dry maize cob and sugarcane bagasse in FTMR with a good quality. The FTMR could be preserved from 3-5 weeks and were able to provide suffioent nutritional requirements of Holstein Frisian milking cow. The best proportion of passion fruit peel and dry maize cob in FTMR were 35 and 5%, respectively
Key words: Phu pham nong nghiep, u chua. thiec dn cho bo.
I.DATVANDE
Thiic an hdn hgp (TMR) cho bd sira dang ngay cang trd len plio bien va da duoc mot so' don vi thuong mai hoa. Nhugc diem cua TMR cho bd la khong bao quan dugc trong thdi gian dai, dieu nay gay khd khan cho cac hd/trang trai chan nudi bd siia cd quy md nhd, Nhuoc diem nay se dugc khac phuc nhd sii dung thiic an hdn hgp len men (Fermented total mixed ration - FTMR) do cd the bao quan dugc trong thdi gian dai hon so vdi thuc an hdn hop khong len men.
Cao nguyen Mdc Chau ciia tinh Son La la vimg chan nudi bo sua nd'i he'ng ciia Viet Nam Nhung hien nay, vdi so lugng dan bd sua rat ldn thi thiic an tho tai Mgc Chau khdng cung cap dii cho sdlugng dan bo sua hien nay, dac biet vao miia ddng. Nguy co thieu thiic an thd cdn tang hon nii'a khi td'c dp tang dan nhu hien tai h-ong khi dien tich dat trdng cay thiic an (cd va ngd) dang hi thu hep dan do nhu
cau sii dung dat vao cac muc tieu khac co lgi hem dang tang len. Ngugc lai. Son La dang cd mot nguon lgi ldn chua dugc khai thac tot de khac phuc tinh trang nay. Dd la cac nguon phu pham ndng nghiep va cdng nghiep che' bie'n rat doi dao, trong dd cd the ke de'n la ldi ngd va vd qua chanh leo.
Hien tai, Son La cd gan 2.000 ha trdng chanh leo, san luong vd dat tren 13.000 tan (Le Van Ha va ctv, 2019). Theo ke hoach du kieh, dien tich trong chanh leo 6 San La nam 2020 la 5.000 ha (Nghi quye't sd57/2017/NQ- HDND). N h u vay, udc tinh hang nam tai Son La se cd khoang 100.000-150.000 tan vd qua chanh leo. Ne'u khdng dugc che'bie'n va sii dung, day se la nguon nguy co 6 nhiem mdi trudng cao tren dia ban Son La, Mdt so nghien ciiu da cho thay vd qua chanh leo cd the lam thuc an tot cho bd, ciru (Azevedo va ctv, 2012; Santos-Cruz va ctv, 2013; Alves va ctv, 2015; Sena va ctv, 2015). Do dd, day se la
uiMH UUONG VA THU'C AN CHAN NUOI
nguon phu pham quan trgng neu dugc che' bie'n lam thiic an cho gia sue nhai lai.
Viec khai thac sir dung cac nguon loi ngo, vd chanh leo lam thuc an cho gia sue nhai lai d Son La khdng nhung se tang them nguon thiic an thd dang thie'u ma cdn cd ra't nhieu lgi ich khac ve xa hdi va mdi tru'dng, Tuy nhien, viec thu gom, che' bien va sir dung nhu the' nao cho phii hgp vdi dieu kien cu the ciia dia phuong ddi hdi phai cd cac nghien ciiii va thir nghiem cu the trudc khi cd the ap dung rdng rai tren quy md ldn. Bai vie't nay trinh bay ke't qua nghien ciiu sir dung vd chanh leo, Idi ngd, ba mia trong thiic an hon hgp len men cho bd vat siia tai Mgc Chau, Son La.
2. VAT LIEU VA PHUDNG PHAP NGHIEN CUTU
2.1. Vat lieu, thdi gian va dia diem Nguyen lieu thiic an bao gom vd chanh leo, Idi ngd va ba mia dugc sii' dung cho nghi- en cuu nay tix thang 6/2019 deh 10/2019, tai Trai chan nudi bd siia thi tran Ndng trudng Mdc Chau.
2.2. Phuang phap
2.2.1. U thuc dn TTMR cho bo sira Vd chanh leo, ldi ngd va ba mia du'gc sir dung trong thiic an hdn hop len men theo cac cdng thiic sau (Bang 1).
Bang 1. Cong thiic phoi trpn FTMR (% VCK) Cong thuc FTMRl FTMRl FTMS3 Vo chanh leo 35,0 30,0 25,0 Loingokho 5,00 10,0 15,0 Co vol 15,0 15,0 15,0 Bot ngo 26,0 26,0 26,0 Rl mat 8,00 8,00 8,00 Kho do tuong IhO 11,0 11,0
Vd chanh leo, cd Voi dugc thai bang may thai cd, Idi ngd khd dugc nghien bang may nghien bua qua mat sang 0,5cm. Ta't ca cac nguyen lieu dugc trdn deu theo cdng thiic tai bang 1, dugc nen chat theo timg lap vao tui nylon day (dudng kinh hii 1,5m, chieu dai tui 2,5m). Sau thdi gian ii 3 tuan thii'c an dugc la'y sii dung cho thi nghiem.
2.2.2. Thi nghiem nuoi ducmg
Thi nghiem nuoi duong dugc tie'n hanh tren 20 bd vat siia HF cd chu ky siia 2-5, thang si>a 2-3. Bd sii'a dugc phan ngau nhien vao 4 Id thi nghiem (TN), mdi Id 5 con, dam bao dong deu ve nang sua't siia va khd'i lugng co thebd.
Ld dd'i chung (DC) sir dung khau phan hien tai cua trang trai. Id thi nghiem 1 (FTMRl), Id FTMR2 va Id FTMR3 sir dung thiic an hdn hgp len men FTMRl, FTMR2 va FTMR3.
Bang 2. So do bd tri thi nghiem Chi tieu DC FTMRl FTMRl FTMK3 Gia sue n, con 5 5 5 5 TN NSS, kg/ngay 2!,16 21,20 21,26 21,34
V6 chanh leo - 35,0 30,0 25,0 Loi ngo kho - 5,00 10,0 15,0 Thanli Cay ngo u 40,0
phan^ Co voi 15,0 15,0 15,0 15,0
^f^\% Bot ngo 26,0 26,0 26,0 VCK)" ^^ "i^t 8,00 8,00 8,00 Kho do tuong - 11,0 11,0 11,0 Hon hop TAT 45,0
Thanh VCK, % 37,8 26,6 28,7 31,2 phan CP, %VCK 13,6 14,3 14,0 13,7 dinh Xotho, 7oVCK 19,5 18,7 18,9 19,2 duong ME,M]/kgVCK 9,97 10,1 10,1 10,1 Thdi gian thi nghiem chinh la 3 thang sau 2 tuan nudi chuan bi. Bd duoc nuoi trong cac d chudng rieng re de theo ddi ca the. Thiic an dugc cho an 2 bii'a/ngay. Thiic an cho an va thiic an thira dugc can hang ngay va lay mau phan tich hang tuan. Thdi diem don thirc an thira vao liic ttiidc khi cho an biia sang hang ngay. Thiic an thii'a cua timg ca the bd dugc trdn deu, la'y khoang 10% cho vao tiii mau, bao quan trong hi lanli -18°C va chuyen ve phdng phan tich. Lugng cho an ciia ngay hom sau dugc dieu chinh cao hon lugng cho an ciia ngay hom trudc 10%. Tang da lie'm dugc treo trudc chud'ng. Nudc ud'ng dugc cung cap ty do.
2.2.3. Xac dinh cdc chi tieu
Danh gid cam quan dia thiec dn FTMR: Hdn hop il FTMR dugc lay mau sau 3 va 5 tuan ii va danh gia theo cac chi tieu cam quan nhu mau, miii, trang thai, do mdc va thanh phan hoa hgc.
KHKT Chdn nuoi so 257 - thdng 6 ndm 2020
DINH DU'ONG VA THU'C AN CHAN NUOI
Phan tich thanh phan dinh duang: Mlu thiic an cho an va thiic an thira dugc lay mau 5% hang ngay va bao quan trong tii lanh am -ZCC trudc khi phan tich tai Phdng thi nghiem Trung tam khoa Chan nudi, Hgc vien Ndng nghiep Viet Nam. Tai phong thi nghiem cac mau thiic an dugc giai ddng va trdn mau theo tuan va tie'n hanh sa'y d 60"C trong 48h hoac de'n khi dat khd'i Iugng khdng dd'i, Mau sau say dugc sir diing de xac dinh VCK, protein thd (CP), khoang to'ng sd', xo thd, lipit theo TCVN (2007). Xac dinh pH theo hudng d i n ciia Harley & Jones (1978). Gia tri nang lugng trao ddi (ME) dugc xac dinh theo hudng dan ciia Wardeh (1981).
Ndng suat sua (kg/con/ngdy): Sua ciia bd thi nghiem dugc can hang ngay vao budi sang va bud'i chieu, de'n cuoi thang va cud'i ky thi ng- hiem tinh toan nang sua't sii'a trung binh timg con, Nang sua't siia tieu chuan (4% md) (FCM) dugc tinh theo cdng thiic: FCM (kg) = NS siia thuc te (kg) X (0,4 + 0,15 x % Mo siia thuc te).
Chat lugng sira: Cii 5 ngay mdt lan mau siia dugc lay vao bud'i sang va bud'i chie'u, toan bd mau siia dugc phan tich % mo siia, % pro- tein siia, % cha't ran khdng md (SNF). Phuong phap lay mau siia: vao buoi sang va bud'i chieu Bang 3. Chat iugng cam quan
sau khi mdi ca the bd dugc vat xong, trudc km lay mau binh siia dupc khuay deu va lay bang cdc chuyen dung d vi tri giiia binh. Sau khi lay, mau siia duoc bao quan trong thiing xop v£in chuye'n ve phdng thi nghiem de phan tich bang may phan tich ECOMILK M90, 2.2A. Xii-ly thong ke
So lieu thu duoc dugc xu ly b ^ g phan mem Mimtab 16.0 theo md hinh thdng ke: ^,.
- m + a + e,j Trong do: x la trung binh chung;
a^ Id chenh lech do dnh huong cua thiec dn; e^^ la sai so doc lap phan phoi chuan. Phep thir Tukey dimg so sanh su sai khac giiia cac gia tri Mean vdi mii'c P<0,05.
3 . KET QUA NGHIEN CUTU
3.1. Danh gia chat luptig thuc an FTMR 3.1.1. Danh gid cam quan hay ddnh gid true tiep chat luang thifc dn hon hap len men
Ca ba cdng thiic FTMRl, FTMR2 va FTMR3 den thdi diem 3 tuan sau u deu cd mau vang nau nhat, miii chua nhe, thiic an mem, khdng nat va khdng hi md'c be mat, Cac chi tieu mau, miii, trang thai nay deu the hien rang thiic an hdn hgp len men cd chat lugng tdt.
ciia thirc an hon hpp len men Cong thtfc
Mau sac Mill Trang thai
Do moc Mau sSc Mill Trang thai
Do moc Mau sac Miiii Trang thai
Vang nau nhat Chua nhe Tliijc an mem, khong nat
Vang nau nhat Chua nho Thuc an mem, khong nat
Vang nau nhat Chua nhe Thiic an mem, khong nat
Vang nau nhat Chua Thiic an mem, khong nat
+ Vang nau nhat
Chua Thiic an mem, khong nat
+ Vang nau nhat
Chua xen Thiic an mem, kiiong nat Ghi chd: -: khong moc, +: moc 1/3 dien tich be mat
De'n 5 tuan sau ii, cac chi tieu cam quan danh gia cam c[uan cho thay ca ba cdng thiic ve mau, mill, trang thai ciia thii'c an ve co ban FTMRl, FTMR2 va FTMR3 deu phii hop de gid'ng nhu d thdi diem danh gia 3 tuan sau bao quan vd chanh leo, loi ngd va thdi gian u, chi khac biet nhd la 5 hian sau ii la 1/3 be bao quan tdi 3-5 tuan.
mat thiJ'c an u xuat hien md'c nhe, Nhu vay,
DINH DUONG VA THlfC AN C H A N NUOI
3.1.2. Ddnh gid gidn tie'p cha't luang thdc dn hon hajj ten men
Bang 4. Danh gia gian tiep ciiat lu;cmg tlnjc In hon hap hoan chinh len men Tuan u Cong thiic
irJ^r.) pH CP N-NH,
(gftgVCK) (gflcBNtongso)
A. lactic A. axetic (g/kgVCK)
L. butyric FTMRl
FTMR2 FTMR3 FTMRl FTMR2 FTMR3 FTMRl FTMR2 FTMR3
271 282 318 264 272 310 263 270 308
6,72 6,68 6,74 4,48 4,45 4,44 4,41 4,37 4,38
70,58 68,72 69,22 72,45 69,70 69,68
75,47 78,36 68,70 78,26 77,62 71,26
18,38 20,46 23,36 20,48 22,26 23,44
vet vet ve't 0,98 0,96 0,84 Ke't qua danh gia gian tie'p chat lugng
thiic an hdn hgp len men dugc trinh bay trong bang 4. Do hoat ddng phan giai ciia cac vi sinh vat khi u nen ty le VCK va protein thd ciia ca ba cdng thiic deu giam nhe.
Gia tri p H ciia thiic an hdn hgp len men la chi tieu quan trgng phai quan tam dau tien khi danh gia chat Iugng thiic an hdn hgp len men. Thdng thudng gia tri pH ciia thiic an u chua phai ha xud'ng 3,8-4,2 thi thiic an mdi bao quan duoc thdi gian dai. Gia tri pH cua thiic an il chua bie'n ddng phu thudc vao ty le VCK ciia nguyen lieu ii, ty le VCK cao (khoang 30- 35%) thi pH chi can ha xuo'ng 4,5 ciing da dam bao chat lugng thiic an ii chua tdt. O thdi diem 3 tuan va 5 hian sau ii thi gia tri pH ciia ca ba cdng thii'c ii deu ha xud'ng dudi 4,5. Nhu vay cd the sir dung vd chanh leo, ldi ngd va ba mia trong thanh phan thiic an hdn hgp de ti chua bao quan.
Gia tri NH^-N the hien su phan huy cua protein thiic an khi ii chua, gia tri nay cang cao thi pham chat thiic an ii chua cang kem.
Cac cdng thuc ii tren deu cd gia tri NH^-N nam trong miic thich hgp.
Axit lactic san sinh trong qua trinh len men yem khi thiic an ii chua tao cho thiic an u chua cd miii chua diu, axit axetic lam cho thiic an u chua cd miii chua gat cua gia'm, cdn axit butyric khien thiic an u chua cd miii a i a dua khii, miii tre ngam. Nong do axit lactic cao, ke't hop vdi ndng dd axit butyric tha'p (chi cd ve't)
Iam cho thiic an ii chua cd chat lugng td't. Thiic an u chua td't cd nong dp axit lactic nam trong khoang 1,2-1,5% (tinh theo dang sir dung), tuong duong 60-80 g/kg VCK. Cac cdng thiic u chua tren deu cd nong do axit lactic tu'ong dd'i cao va axit butyric tha'p.
Ham lugng axit butyric trong cac cdng thiic hdn hop thtic an len men ra't tha'p, chi o miic cd ve't 6 thdi diem 3 tuan ii va dudi 1 g/kg VCK. Ham lugng axit butyric trong cac cdng thiic hdn hgp thiic an len men tha'p cho nen thiic an cd miii chua nhe, khdng cd mui khd chiu. Ket qua tren cd dugc la do cac hdn hgp thiic an cd ty le VCK thfch hgp cho viec ii chua, trong thanh phan lai cd them 8% ri mat- ngudn cung ca'p carbohydrate de len men cho vi sinh vat, nen Iugng axit lactic hinh thanh ldn, dam bao chat lugng Ien men td't.
Khi nghien ci'ru u chua vd chanh leo vdi cac nguon phu pham ndng nghiep khac nhau tai Son La, Hiep va ctv (2020a) thdng bao rang cdng thiic u 75% vd chanh leo + 20% ldi ngd khd + 5% ri mat mia cho ke't qua thuc an ii chua td't, cd the bao quan trong thdi gian dai.
Cdng thii'c u tren da giiip ddng thdi sir dung dugc ca ba nguon phu pha'm ciia tinh Son La.
Ke't qua danh gia true tie'p (cam quan) va danh gia gian tiep (phan tich thanh phan hoa hgc) cho thay ca ba cdng thiic thijc an hdn hgp len men deu cho chat lugng thirc an td't, cd the bao quan duoc trong thdi gian 3-5 tuan.
KHKT Chdn nuoi so 257 - thdng 6 ndm 2020
DINH D I / O N G V A THl/C AN CHANJNiyOl
3.2. Nang suat, chat luoTtig siia
Ke't qua phan tich phuong sai cho tha'y cac khau phan an khac nhau cd anh hudng rd ret de'n nang sua't siia ciia cac nhdm bd thi nghiem (P<0,05), trong do bd siia d cdng thiic TN3 cd nang sua't tha'p nha't, bd sua d cdng thiic TNI cd nang sua't siJ'a tuong duong so
vdi bd sija d cdng thiic DC. Bd siia d cdng thi>c TN2 cd nang suat siia chenh lech khdng nhieu so vdi bd sira d cdng thii'c DC va cdng thiic TNI. Xu hudng giam nang suat siia khi tang ty le sir dung Idi ngd khd h-ong thu'c an FTMR la do ldi ngd khd chua qua chebieh (kiem hoa hoac il nam) nen khd tieu hoa.
Bang 5. Nang suat, chat Iugng siia ciia bd thi nghiem Nang
sua't sua Chat luang Ghl chti:
Nang sua't sua truoc TN ( ;kg/ngay) Nang sua't sua (kg/ng) Nang suat sua tieu chuan
Chat ran khong mo Protein siia (%)
[%)
Cac gia tri Mean mang cdc chii cai Bang 6. T h u c an Chi tieu VCK thu nhan (kg/ngay) VCK thi 1 nhan (% KL co the) ME thu nhan (MJ/ngay) Protein thu nhan (g/ngay) Tieu ton thuc an (kg VCK/kg siJa)
21,16 20,36' 18,90' 8,56 3,48
21,20 20,24'' 18,78^'' 8,54 3,49 3,5^
khac nhau thi sai khac nhau c6 y thu nhan va
DC 18,10
3,45 180,5 2 462"
0,889"
21,26 20,08='' 18,55'"' 8,62 3,47 3,49 nghia tieu ton thiic an cho san
FTMRl 18,08 3,47 182,6 2 585"
0,893'' rrMR2
18,09 3,46 182,7 2 532''' 0,901''
• FTMRS 21,34 19,62"
18,06"
8,54 3,44 3,47 (P<0,05) I xuat sira FTMR3
17,98 3.46 181,6 2 464'' 0,917=
SEM 0,14
SEM 0,10 0,05 0,96 13 0,002
P 0,96
P 0,96 0,78 0,01 0,001 Ke't qua phan tich phuong sai ciing cho
thay cac khau phan an khac nhau da khdng cd anh hudng de'n cac chi tieu cha't lugng siia cua bd thi nghiem (P>0,05).
Vat chat khd va ME thu nhan ciia bd siia d cac cdng thiic thi nghiem sai khac nhau khdng nhieu (P>0,05). Dieu nay la do mat do nang lugng trong khau phan an ciia bd d cac cdng thii'c thi nghiem tuong duong nhau va ding cd the la do thiic an FTMR ciing tham ngon nhu thiic an ciia cdng thiic DC, Protein thu nhan ciia bd siia d cdng thiic TNI cao hon so vdi bd sua d cdng thiic DC la do ty le protein ti-ong khau phan ciia bd sua cdng thuc TNI cao hon so vdi khau phan ciia bd sua cdng thiic DC (14,3% so vdi 13,6%), Do cd nang suat siia thap nha't nen tieu ton VCK cho san xuat 1kg sira cua bd siia d cong thiic TN3 cao nha't (P<0,001).
Tran Hiep va ctv (2020b) khi sir dung vd chanh leo ii chua thay the cho cay ngo u chua trong khau phan an ciia bd Holstein Frisian giai doan vSt siia cho thay nang suat
siia, VCK thu nhan va tieu ton VCK cho san xuat 1kg sii'a a i a bd d cdng thiic thi nghiem va cdng thiic DC tuang duong nhau, Ke't qua thi nghiem khang dinh cd the dimg vd chanh leo il chua thay the'hoan toan cay ngd u chua trong khau phan an dia bd Holstein Frisian giai doan vJt siia. Wongnen va ctv (2009) cho bie't, khdng cd su sai khac ve lugng thu nhan, ty le tieu hda, thdng so' da cd, cha't lugng sira, nhung cai thien nang sua't sua giiia cac khau phan TMR va FTMR. Gordon va ctv, (1995) tdng ket qua 13 nghien ciiu cho tha'y sir dung TMR lam tang lugng thiic an thu nhan 6% va san lugng siia tang 4% d bd siia so vdi cho an thuc an tinh rieng biet hai lan mdi ngay. Mat khac, Kim va ctv (2018) cho bie't khau phan FTMR da nang cao dugc lugng thiic an thu nlian, tang khd'i luong va nang sua't thit.
Ke't qua thi nghiem nudi dudng cho tha'y cd the sir dung cdng thiic FTMRl va FTMR2 cho nudi dirdng bd HF giai doan vat siia, tuy nhien cdng thuc FTMRl cd xu hudng cho ke't qua td't hon so vdi cdng thirc FTMR2
DINH DUONG VA THU'C AN CHAN NUOI
k. KET LUAN
Cd the sir dung vd chanh leo ke't hgp vdi lgi ngd khd trong thiic an hdn hgp len men cho bd vat sua. Thiic an hdn hgp len men cd the bao quan thdi gian 3-5 tuan;
Thiic an hdn hgp len men dap ung du'gc nhu cau dinh duong ciia bd Holstein Frisian giai doan vat siia, tuy nhien cong thiic sir dung 35% vd chanh leo ke't hgp vdi 5% ldi ngd khd cd xu hudng cho ke't qua tot hon so vdi cdng thiic 30% vd chanh leo ke't hgp vdi 10%
ldi ngd khd trong thiic an hdn hgp len men.
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
1 A l v e s G.R., P o n t e s C A , , Processi E.F., F e r n a n d e s A,M., S i l v a de O l i v e i r a T a n d G l o n a L,S. (2015).
Performance a n d digestibility uf steers fed t i y - p r o d u c t of fresh p a s s i o n fruit or s o r g h u m silage, witli a n d w i t h o u t c o n c e n t r a t e s u p p l e m e n t a t i o n Rev. Bra. Zoo., 44(9), 314-20.
2 A z e v e d o J.A.G., F i l h o S.C.V., D e t m a n n E., P i n a D.S., P a u l i n o M.E, V a l a d a r e s R.F.D,, P e r e i r a L.G.R a n d Lima J.C.M. (2012) In sdn a n d in vilro d e g r a d a t i o n kinetics a n d prediction of the digestible n e u t r a l d e t e r g e n t h b e r of agricultural a n d agro-industrial b y p r o d u c t s Rev Bra. Z o o , 41(8)' 1890-98 3 G o r d o n t.J., Patter D.C., Yan T., P o r t e r M . G . , M a y n e
C S . a n d U n s w o r l h E.F. (1995) T h e influence of genetic index for milk p r o d u c h o n o n the r e s p o n s e to c o m p l e t e diet f e e d m g a n d the utilization of energy a n d n i t r o g e n A m . Sci,, 61:199-10,
4 H a r l e y R. a n d D a n d J o n e s E. (1978). Effect of a q u e o u s a m m o n i a and o t h e r alkalis o n the m-vitro digestibility of barley straw. J SCL Food Agr., 29(2) 92-98 5 H i e p T., T u a n B.Q., P h u o n g L . V , S o n N . H . , H a L,V.
a n d Trach N.X. (2020a) Passion fruit (Passiflora ediihs) peel as feed for r u m i n a n t s m Vietnam- Quantification,
chemical c o m p o s i t i o n and possibilitj' to m a k e silage. Lw Res. Rur. Dev. 31(2) h t t p 7 / w w w I r r d org/
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H i e p T., T u a n B.Q., P h u o n g L.V,, S o n N . H , H a L.V a n d Trach N.X. (2020b). Passion fruil {Passiflora cdiilis) peel as feed for d a i r y cattle in Vietnam. Liv. Res Rur Del'., 32(4) h t t p / / w w w lrrd.Org/lrrd32/4/nxh:a32059 h t m l
K i m T.L, M a y a k r i s h n a n V., Lim D.H., Veon J.H. a n d Baek K.S, (2018), Effect of fermented total mixed rations on the g r o w t h performance, carcass a n d meat quality charactenstics of H a n w o o steers A n i m Sci j . 2018 Mar,89(3) 606-615
Le V a n H a , Tran H i e p , N g u y e n T h i H u y e n , N g u y e n X u a n Trach va Bui Q u a n g T u a n (2019) N g h i e n c u u u c h u a vo c h a n h leo l a m thirc an cho gia siic nhai Iai tai tinh Son La. Hoi n g h i k h o a hoc C h a n nuoi - Thii y toan tjuoc. NXB n o n g n g h i e p , Trang 479-83 N g h i q u y e l so 5 7 / 2 0 1 7 / N Q - H D N D t i n h S o n La. C h i n h sach h o tro p h a t t n e n cac loai cay trong, vat n u o i , thiiy san tren dia b a n tinh Son La giai d o a n 2017- 20 S a n t o s - C r u z C.L., Perez J.R.O., Lima T.R., C r u z C A . C , C r a z B , C C . a n d J u n q u e i r a R,S. (2013) Centesimal c o m p o s i t i o n a n d physi CO chemical p a r a m e t e r s of meat from santa ines l a m b s fed w i t h passion fruit peel S e m m a . Ciencias A g r a n a s , L o n d r i n a , 34(4). 1977-88 S e n a J.A.B., Vlllela S.D.J., P e r e i r a I.G., C a s t r o G.H.F., M o u r t h e M . H . E a n d Bonta C S . (2015). Intake, digestibility, microbial p r o t e m p r o d u c t i o n , a n d n i t r o g e n balance of l a m b s fed with s o r g h u m silage p a r h a l l y replaced w i t h d e h y d r a t e d fruit b y p r o d u c t s . Small R u m R e s , 129 18-24
W a r d e h M.F. (1981) M o d e l s for E s h m a h n g Energy a n d Protein Uhlization for Feeds. Alt G r a d u a t e Thesis and Dissertations, U t a h State Universitj'
W o n g n e n C , W a c h i r a p a k o m C , P a t i p a n C , P a n p o n g D., K o n g w e h a K., N a m s a e n N., G u n u n P. a n d Y u a o g k l a n g C (2009). Effects of F e r m e n t e d Total Mixed Ration a n d Cracked Cottonseed on Milk Yield a n d Milk C o m p o s i t i o n in Dairy C o w s Asian-Aust J A m Sci, 22(12) 1625-32
A N H HifdNG C U A VIEC B O S U N G BOX LA TRICHANTHERA
GIGANTEA LEN K H A NANG SINH TRlfdNG CHIM TRI GIAI DOAN 10-20 TUAN TUOI
Ly Till Thu Lan' vd Ldni Tim Hiing'*
Ngay nhan bai bao: 24/02/2020 - Ngay nhan bai phan bien; 23/03/2020 Ngay bai bao duoc chap nhan dang: 27/03/2020
TOM TAT
Tong so 96 chim Tri liic 10 tuan tuoi duac bo tri hoan toan ngau nhien vdi 4 nghiem thiic (NT) va 4 lan lap lai (3 troiig va 3 mai) de danh gia anh hudng cua bgl la Trichanthera gigantea (TG) len
' T r u o n g Dai hoc Tra Vinh
•Tac gia lien h e ' TS, L a m Thai H u n g , T r u o n g khoa N o n g n g h i e p - TIniy s, 1, T r u o n g Dai hoc Tra Vinh, e I IthungiiiUvu
KHKT Chdn nuoi so 257 - thdng 6 ndm 2020