Mpt sd giai pliap nang cao cliat IUdng giang day cac mon Li luan chinh trj ol trUoing tfai hpc hien nay
f)6 Thi Nga Tn/iing Dai hoc NguySn Hufi Tam Ptii/dc, ttiSnh pli5 Bien Hoa, tinh Oong Nai, Viet Nam Email' [email protected]
TOM JkV.^HIen nay, the gidl dang budc vio kl nguyen kinh ti tn thde da, dang vi sejtep tuc tao ra nhdng biin dii manh me, inh hudng din mgi mat cija ddi sdng xa hgi, trong dd co giao due, dac biet li giio due dai hoc. No doi hdi cic trudng dai hgc can phii cd sU thay doi de thfch dng nhdng ddi hdi cua thdi cuoc dat ra,j3ac biet li ning cao chat tUOng day vi hgc nham tao ra ngudn nhan luc chat IUdng cao. Trong do, cic mdn Liluan chinh td cd vai trd die biet quan trgng doi vdi viec xic lip nen ting Li luan chinh tri cho smh vien, gdp phan dao tao nguon nhin lUc trinh do cao. khong chi gidl vi nhuan nhuyin cic kTnang chuyen mon ma con vdng vang ve bin ITnh chfnh tn vi tdng budc hoan thien thi gidi quan khoa hgc, nhin sinh quan tfch cue. De lim dUOc dieu dd, khong the khong ke den vlec ning cao chit Idgng day vi hgc cic mdn Li luin chinh tn d trudng dai hgc. Bai viet tip trung lim rd mdt sd khii niem vi phin tich, dinh gii thUc trang trong cdng tic day, hgc cic mdn Liluan chinh tri vi dS xuat mot so giii phip cO bin de nang cao chat Iddng giing day cac mon Lf luan chfnh td & trudng dai hoc cCia nudc ta hien nay
T O KHOA: Li lu^n chinti trj; chat lifdng giang day; dai hpc.
-> Nhan bai 28/02/2020 4 Nhan bai da chinh su'a 19/3/2020 -> Duygt aang 24/4/2020.
1 . Dat van de
Giao due (GD) va dao tao la quoc sach hang dlu, la nhan to chia khoa, la dgng lire thuc diy n§n kinh te phat trien. Dac biet, trong xu the phat tri§n ciia cuoc Cach mang cong nghiep lan thii tu doi hoi su nghiep GD, dao tao phai nang cao chdt lucmg, hieu qua, dat tdi trinh do Clia khu vuc va thi giai. Trong do, giang day cac mon LI luan chinh tri (LLCT) la mot nhiem vu trong ySu trong cong tae tu tucmg eua Dang nham trang bj cho nguoi hoc tri thiic li luan Mac - Lenin, tu tucmg H6 Chi Minh va dirong loi ciia Dang mot each ca ban, eo he thSng, giiip nguai hgc xay dung the giai quan va phuang phap luan khoa hpc, nang cao trinh do tu duy li luan, nang cao nang luc lanh dao, ban linh chinh tri va pham chat dao diie each mang. Mat khae, sau hon 30 nam d6i mai, tuy da co nhiing thanh tim va kinh nghiem, tao dugc the va lire mai cho dat nu6e, nhimg nuae ta van dang diing truac nhiku kho khan, thii thach ion, dan xen nhau, tac dgng tong hgp va diln bian phiic tap. Trong thai ki xay dung nfin kinh te thi truang dinh huong xa hgi ehii nghia theo huang cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa. Dang ta dac biet quan tam den eong tae tu tucmg, li luan, nhat la cong tac GD chinh tri, tu tirong doi vai the he tre la sinh vien (SV), hge sinh, xem day la nhiem vu trgng tam dugc trien khai sau rgng trong toan Dang, toan quan va toan dan. Xae dinh dugc vi tri, vai tro quan trgng ciia cong tac GD ehinh trj, ta tuang, trong nhiing nam qua eae truang DH nuac ta luon ehii trgng den viec doi mai nang eao chat lugng, hieu qua cong tac giang day noi chung va giang day cae
mon LLCT noi rieng eho SV, coi day la nhiem vu thuong xuyen, eo vi tri dae biet quan trong trong ket eau chucmg trinh, ngi dung kien thiic trang bi cho SV. D6ng thoi, day ciing la doi hoi khach quan dugc dat ra cho ca nguai day lan nguoi hgc, cho xa hoi va eho nhung nguai true tiep lam eong tac quan li GD.
2. Ndi d u n g n g h i e n cUTu
Co the noi, LLCT eo vi tri, vai tro vo ciing quan trgng trong cong tac tu tirong ciia Dang eiing nhir trong su nghiep GD, dao tao nuoc nlia. Trong he thong GD quoc dan, cac mon LLCT da duge dua vao giang day a cac tnrong DH trong ca nuae. Hien nay, ch&t lugng cua viec hgc va day cac mon LLCT dugc cac cap lanh dao ehi huy dac biet quan tam. Tuy nhien, de danh gia ket qua cong tae giang day eae raon LLCT, chiing ta can lam ro mgt so khai niem: LLCT, ch§t lugng giang day, giang day cac mon LLCT, chat Iugng giang day cac mon LLCT.
LLCT la bg phan quan trgng ciia li luan, phan anh nhiing tinh quy luat chinh tri, eae quan he ehinh tri - xa hoi, dai song kinh te, chinh tri, xa hgi, the hien lgi ich va thai do ciia giai cap doi vai quyen luc nha nuae. 0 Viet Nam, LLCT la khoa hgc nghien ciiu he thong nhirng nguyen li eiia ehii nghia Mac - Lenin, tu tuong Ho Chi Minh, duang loi quan diem ciia Dang, chinh sach, phap luat cua Nha nuac ciing nhirng tinh hoa tu tuong chinh tri cua dan tgc va nhan loai. No phan anh tinh quy luat cua cac quan he kinh te, chinh tri, xa hgi, the hien lgi ieh va thai do ciia giai cap eong nhan va nhan dan lao dgng
So 28 thang 4/2020 25
NGHIEN c a u LI'LUAN
doi vai viee xay dung nha nirac phap quy^n xa hgi ehu nghia, la eong cu quan trgng cho viec xay dung va bao ve To quoc Viet Nam xa hgi ehu nghia.
TiSp can duoi goe do khoa hge li luan day hgc, Chdt luang gidng dgy la ket qua va miie do dat dugc cao hay thap ciia hoat dgng giang day so voi muc tieu yeu cSu dao tao da xae dinh, la ket qua tong hgp cua nhiSu yeu t6 (nguai day, nguai hgc, cac thiet che phuc vu giang day, CO so vat chat... trong do, nhan to eo ban eo y nghTa true tiep quyet dinh nhat den chat lugng giang day la dgi ngii giang vien). Giang day cac mon LLCT 6 cac truang dai hgc (DH) la hoat dgng su pham cua dgi ngu giang vien truyen thu tri thiic khoa hpc Mac - Lenin, tu tuang H6 Chi Minh, duong loi quan diem ciia Dang Cong san Viet Nam, chinh sach phap luat eiia Nha nuac eimg nhiing tinh hoa tu tucmg ehinh tri eua dan tpe va nhSn loai, nham xay dung the gioi quan duy vat, phucmg phap luan khoa hgc, nhan sinh quan each mang, phuang phap tu duy bien ehung va phuang phap hanh dgng khoa hgc, hinh thanh niem tin, li tuong Cgng san ehu nghia, gop phan xay dung ban ITnh ehinh tri, pham chat dao diic loi song theo muc tieu, yeu cau dao tao eiia timg doi tirgng.
Chdt luang gidng dgy cdc mdn LLCT la tong hgp ket qua truyen thu npi dung, sir dung cac hinh thiie, phucmg phap, phucmg tien phit hpp eiia giang vien LLCT voi doi tugng dao tao, timg buoe hinh thanh, phat tnen the gioi quan, phucmg phap luan, xay dyng ban ITnh ehinh tri;
Hoan thien cac pham chat chinh tri, tu tuong, dao diic, loi song cho nguoi hgc theo muc tieu, yeu cau dao tao.
Theo do, neu kha nang tiep thu kien thiie, trinh do cung nhu kl nang nghe nghiep, ban ITnh chinh tri cua SV tang len, dap img duge yeu cau dat ra thi chat lugng giang day cae mon luan ehinh tri dat ehat lugng tot, Nguge lai, neu kha nang tiep thu kien thiic, trinh do cQng nhu kl nang nghS nghiep, ban ITnh chinh tri ciia SV khong dap iing dugc yeu cau dat ra thi ehat lugng giang day cac mon LLCT dat chkt lugng th4p.
Chinh vi vay, de nang cao chuyen mon, ki nang su pham cua dgi ngii giang vien de dap iing nhung thay doi trong giang day gop phan tao nen nhiing bai giang hay va dat ehdt lugng tot tang them himg thii ciia SV voi eae mon hgc LLCT, chiing ta cln phai nang cao chat lugng giang day, Tuy nhien, lira ehgn phucmg phap giang day nao eho phii hgp doi voi cac mon LLCT ciing la eau hoi kho khan d6i vai giang vien. Do do, can phai co su danh gia, phan tich lam ro thue trang, nhiing bat cap con ton dpng dk xae dinh phuong phap phii hgp nham nang cao chit lugng giang day cac mon LLCT a eae trucmg DH hien nay.
2 . 1 . Thifc trang giang day cac mon Li luan chinh trj 6 trUdng dai hqc hien nay
Hien nay, viec giang day cac mon LLCT 6 cac trucmg
DH, cao ding, dugc lanh dao, ehi huy cac cap rat quan tam va coi trgng. Dac biet, viee nang cao ehit lugng guing day eae mon LLCT da dat dugc mgt s6 thanh tuu niiat dinh, CO net khai sic. Tuy nhien, trong thuc tiln day va hpe tap eae mon khoa hpc nay vin con t6n dgng nhirng bat cap, han che sau:
Thu nhdt, do k6t ciu ngi dung, chuang trinh cae mon LLCT con nhiSu dilm chua hgp li. Truac day, Bp GD&DT da tich hgp npi dung eae mon Triat hgc Mac - Lenin, Kinh te Chinh tri hge Mac - Lenin va Chu nghTa xa hgi Idioa hgc thanh mot mon Nhiing nguyen li ea ban eiia ehu nghTa Mac - Lenin, mon Duong loi Caeh mang eua Dang Cpng san Viet Nam va mon Tu tuong H6 Chi Minh, Tuy nhien, viec thay doi tir 5 mon sang 3 mon gap nhieu bat cap trong qua trinh day va hpc. Boi vi, viec hgp nhat trong mgt ngi dung mon hpc khong dat dugc su thong nhat nhu mong muon. Vi vay, trong nam hge 2019 - 2020, "Cac mon LLCT dugc dua vao chuang trinh giang day tra lai vai 5 mon rieng biet: Triet hpc Mac - Lenin, Kinh te Chinh tri Mac - Lenin, Chii nghTa xa h6i khoa hpc, Lieh sii Dang Cgng san Viet Nam va mon Tu tucmg H6 Chi Minh" (Cong van s6 3056/BGDT- GDDH ngay 19 thang 7 nam 2019 cua Bg GD&DT vg viee Thue hien chuang trinh, gido trinh cdc mon LLCT).
De bat kip xu thg ciia thai dai, nhat la khi Cach mang cong nghiep 4.0 dang eo anh huong sau rgng tren pham vi toan the gioi, eho nen cae mon hgc da dugc cap nhat npi dung cho phii hpp hem voi boi eanh hien nay. Tuy nhien, van eon nhieu bat cap. Mgt la, hien nay vin chua eo giao trinh chinh thiic mac dii mot s6 truang da trign khai giang day va mpt so truang sap bit diu giang day.
Hai la, chuang trinh cap nhat ngi dung mai vira phu hgp vai hoan eanh thue tiln vua dam bao ngi dung eot loi eiia mon hoc. Chinh vi thg, ham lugng kign thiic h-ong eae mon hgc tra ngn nhigu len. Song thoi lugng giang day lai ngin lai, vi thg gay ap lire Ion len viec truygn dat ngi dung eiia giang vien. Vi du, 9 ehuong npi dung mon Duong loi Cach mang ciia Dang Cgng san Viet Nam, nay d6i thanh 3 chuong ngi dung trong mon Lich sir Dang Cgng san Viet Nam, trong khi do thoi gian qua han hep - chi 45 tiet (3 tin chi), nay riit xu6ng eon 30 tigt (2 tin ehi).
Do do, giang vien ehua thuc su trang bi cho minh dugc
"nghe thuat" trong giang day dg thu hut dugc su quan tam, hiing thii, nhiet tinh cua SV. Hay noi caeli khae chua "truyen lira", tao dugc himg thii eho SV hge tap!
tham ehi eo nhan thiie lech lae vg tim quan trpng cua cac mon LLCT.
Thu hai, do tinh dac thii ciia cac mon LLCT la rit kho khan, ciing nhie, lai het siic nim hrgng, kho tigp thu (Khao sat tren L909 SV eho thiy 22,6% Ua 16, do ngi dung mon hpc kho khan, trim tugng) [1], thuong dugc xgp vao chuang trinh hgc cac nam thir nhit, thir hai l i i ma SV mai chap ehung buac vao ghg nha tnrmig, tam 26 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
D 6 Thj Nga
h ehua 6n dinh, chua quen vai cac phuang phap hge a DH... Vl vay, viec hgc ciia SV gap nhi8u kho khan, gay ra tam Ii da ngai hgc cang tra nen "nan hge" cac mon LLCT hoae hgc vai tam li "d6i pho", chi ehii h:gng "hgc vet", hpc "thuge long", hgc sao cho mign la qua dugc eae ki thi, con ban chit van de thi hiu nhu khong hieu hoae khong cin hieu, niem dam me hiing thii hau nhu khong eo, khong bigt each van dung li thuyet vao thuc tien... dan den ehat lugng, hieu qua chua cao va day ciing la mpt trong nhUng nguyen nhan khien nhieu SV co tam li ehan nan dan den viee bo hpc.
Thir ba, van con rit nhieu gia giang, bai giang thi6u sire song, siic hap dan, siic thuyet phue, khong sinh dgng, khong tao ra duge cam hiing trong gio hgc eho SV...
Khi danh gia ve nhiing bit cap nay, PGS.TS Dinh Ngge Thach - Giam d6c Trung tam LLCT DH Qu6c gia Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh da nhan dinh: "Chuang trinh giang day hien nay ehua thue su tao duge su ket noi giiia nguai day va nguoi hgc, giua ngi dung trong sach voi cugc song, giira H luan va thuc tign, van ton tai each tiep can cia, nhiing bieu hien ciia ehii nghia bao thii, chu nghia giao digu can dugc nhan dien va khac phuc" [2]. Thuc te, do mgt so giang vien eo tuoi doi eon tre, thigu kinh nghiem song, thigu tinh thuc tign, hiu nhu chi biet co li thuyet suong, chi sir dung mgt phucmg phap thuygt trinh hgt siic don dieu "thay dpe, tro ehep". He qua tat yeu keo theo do la chat lugng, hieu qua cua cong tac dao tao, giang day yeu kem, tham chi doi khi eon phan tac dung va tao ra tam li lic chg, khien cuong, go ep cho nguoi hgc. Mat khac, mgt so giang vien Ion tuoi, timg trai hon, gia dan han trong nghe, c6 von song, kinh nghiem doi dao hon, tinh thuc tign trong bai giang, trong giao an tang len.
Vi vay, gio giang eiia hg se phan nao thuyet phue hon, c6 sire song hon. Tuy nhien, giang vien Ion tuoi thuong khong sir dung nhixng phan men eong nghe thong tin trong day hgc, lam giam di su hap dan va hiing thii cua SV doi voi mon hge.
Thir tu, viee bo tri, sap xep so lugng SV, co sa vat chat dam hao chua phu hgp. Cu thg, "Cac truang DH sap xep so lugng SV trong mpt giang duong con qua dong (0 nhigu trucmg m6i lap co khoang 100 den 200 SV).
Voi so lugng nhu vay, giang vign kho co the phat huy tinh tieh cue cua SV trong hgc tap. Gia thao luan eiing khoang 50 den 70 SV trong mgt giang duong" [3]. Vod dieu kien do, giang vien kho co the to chiie gia thao luan CO hieu qua. Cae phuong tien ho trg giang day eo tniong chua duge dau tu diing miie, hoae eo dau tu nhung viee hong hoe khong duge siia chiia kip thoi. Thu vien nha truang ciing it sach tham khao cho eae mon LLCT, Co hucmg CO thu vien dien tii nhung s6 diu may it, khong dii cho SV Sli dimg. Kinh phi cua Nha nuae va cac truong DH dau tu cho mon LLCT thuang it hon cae mon hpc khac nen viee to ehiic cho cac cac giang vign, SV di thuc
te, tham quan hay giao luu tiep xuc voi cae nhan ehiing, vat ehiing rat kho thuc hien. Ngoai ra, viec kigm tra danh gia kgt qua hgc tap eae mon LLCT hien nay nhm chung con nhieu bat cap, ehua dam bao eae mue tieu da dugc quy dinh trong moi ngi dung cua mon hpe, ehua kich thich dugc tinh than tu giac hgc tap va dam bao tinh cong bang giira cac SV. Vi vay, ehua kich thieh dugc tinh tich cue nghien cim trong qua trinh hpc tap va thg Men nhimg nhan thiic dgc lap, tu ehii, sang tao ciia SV sau khi hgc cae mon LLCT.
Thu ndm, su chong pha cua cac thg lire thii dieh tren ITnh vue tu tuong. Sau khi he thong xa hgi ehu nghia d Lien X6 va Dong Au hi sup do; Phong trao eong nhan va cgng san quoc tg gap nhigu kho khan va lam vao thoai trao. Mpt so nuac tren the gicri kign dinh che dp xa hgi ehu nghia cung gap khong it kho khan tren tign trinh each mang eiia minh. Trong khi do, he thong tu ban chii nghTa (ben eanh nhung roi ren, nhirng mau thuan va nhieu mat xieh bl khung hoang) van con siic song, tham chi mgt so nuoc Chau Au, Bae Au... da co su phat trien vugt trgi khong chi ve kinh te ma ca nhung gia tri nhan van. Ben canh do, cac the luc phan dong dimg cac chigu bai ggi la "Dign bign hoa binh" nham xoa bo vai tro lanli dao ciia Dang va che do xa hgi chii nghia 6 Viet Nam. Hp ra sire phli nhan ban chat each mang va khoa hgc ciia Chu nghia Mae - Lenin. Hg quang cao eho mo hinh "xa hgi dan chu" va con ducmg phat trign phi xa hpi chii nghia.
Hg nuoi duang, kieh dpng cae khuynh huang ca hgi, him khuynh, dao dpng.., trong can bg, dang vign va quan ehiing de nham tao ra su phan hoa, phan liet, d6i lap, xung dot trong xa hgi. Hg tim mgi each du nhap loi song, dao diic, van hoa phan dgng vao nuac ta, lam eho van hoa cua chiing ta di chech mue tieu ehu nghia xa hpi, lam tha hoa mpt bp phan can bp, dang vign, dac biet la SV.
Mgt s6 SV do bi anh huang bai nhiing thong tin xau, dge hai lan tniyen tren intemet nen da mat phuang huang ehinh tri, ma nhat ve li tuang each mang, Nguy hiem hon, do su tiep xiic voi mgt so quan digm, tu tuong, van hoa, nghe thuat, 16i s6ng khong phii hgp tit bgn ngoai, mgt s6 SV da ao tuang ve ngn dan ehii da nguyen, da dang. Ben canh do, nang luc quan li eiia Nha nuoe, hieu qua hoat dgng cua eae to chiic chinh tri - xa hpi chua dap img kip yeu cau eiia tinh hinh mod. Luat phap con nhieu khe ha dg cho eae himh vi vi pham phap luat (Lam dung chlie vu, quygn han de tham 6, tham nhiing, bao ehe tgi pham; Tinh trang buon lau, tron thug...). Nuac ta van diing truac nhigu nguy co va thaeh thiic lan, Nhung tac dgng do da va dang anh huang tieu cue dgn nhan thirc va nigm tin eiia nhan dan (nhat la the he tre, SV) vao che dp xa hgi ehu nghTa va con duang each mang cua dan tpe ta.
Dieu do din toi tinh than hgc tap cae mon LLCT eiia SV bi suy giam. Do do, giang vign giang day cae mon LLCT cin phai trang bi cho SV li tuong each mang, loi song, nigm tin, c6 lap tnrang viing vang truae mpi thir thaeh.
So 28 thang 4/2020 27
NGHIEN curu L I L U A N
J
gop phan giup SV c6 dii dung khi va kha nang bao ve he tu tuong vo san, bao ve Dang Cong san va chg do xa hgi ehu nghla, bao ve eae gia tri truygn th6ng dan tgc va co sire de khang voi "diln bign hoa binh" eiia cac thg lire thil dieh vol hinh thiic ngay cang tham dgc, tinh vi. Dg lam dugc dieu do, ehiing ta phai tigp tue nang eao chit lugng giang day cac mon LLCT. Vi vay, de nang eao chit lupng giang day cac mon LLCT a cae truong DH hien nay, chiing ta cin phai lam t6t cac giai phap dugc dg cap duai day.
2.2. Mot so giai phap nang cao chat lilting giang day Tir nhimg thuc trang neu, de khac phuc han chg va thu hilt SV hpe eae mon LLCT, cin tiep tuc dot pha d6i mai ngi dung gan voi doi mai phuong phap, nang cao chit lugng day hgc, phat trign pham chat va nang luc nguai hpe theo mo hinh, muc tieu dao tao. Mue tieu giang day khong chi hucmg dgn cho nguoi hgc nam chac kien thire cac mon khoa hpc chuyen nganh cua timg doi tugng dao tao, ma con phai eo hieu bigt cae kien thue eua cae mon khoa hpe khae. Co nhu vay, sau khi tot nghiep, SV mod hgi tu day du pham chat va nang luc kign thuc toan dien va kign thiic chuygn sau theo timg ehuyen nganh dao tao Clia minh. Do do, van dg tigp tuc nang cao chat lugng giang day cac mon LLCT o cae truang DH hien nay, can tap trung thue hien tot cae giai phap sau day:
Mdt Id, trong qud trinh gidng dgy cdc mdn LLCT, cdn ndm chdc ddi tuang gidng day vd tinh ddc thu ve noi dung eua tieng mdn hgc, bdi gidng.
Tinh chat doi tugng giang day ciia cac tnrong DH hgt sue phong phii, da dang the hien a nhiem vu GD, dao tao eua timg truong. Hau nhu a truang nao ciing co nhieu hinh thirc dao tao va bac hgc khae nhau nhu Dao tao chinh quy, tai ehiic, ngan ban, dai han, bac hpc DH, thae sT, tien sT va dao tao chuc danh..., voi nhieu ehuygn nganh dao tao khae nhau. Vi vay, van de dat ra la phai nim ehae timg loai doi tugng va phan ehia ro timg loai doi tugng, ngay ea trong ciing mgt loai doi tugng de tir do CO su ehuan bi vg ngi dung, phuong phap khac nhau cho phii hgp voi timg loai doi tugng. Bao dam cho nguoi hoe nim duge kien thirc khong chi trong qua trinh nghe giang ma eon trong qua trinh tu nghign eim, Dting voi quan digm cua V.I.Lenin: Vat tu no, su phan anh eua eae su vat khong phai ia nhu nhau, doi tugng khae nhau thi ttnh chit, dae digm eiia eae doi tugng la khae nhau. Do do, trong qua trinh giang day cae mon LLCT khong cho phep theo mgt kieh ban nhat dinh, ma phai bam sat vao timg d6i tugng de truygn thu kien thiie cho phii hgp,
Theo tinh quy luat moi mgt mon hge, bai hgc deu eo sy giao thoa ngay trong ban than npi tai ciia no, ciing nhu, vai cac mon hgc, bai hoe khae. Song, nhu vay khong CO nghia la no co tinh d6ng nhit, mang tinh chat chung hoan toan gi6ng nhau, ma bao gicr no cung co tinh ehat
28 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
dac thu rieng cua no, khong pha trgn hay Ian Ion vai cac mon hgc, bai giang khac dugc. Tren tinh tlian do, van dung vao giang day eae mon LLCT, chiing la thay rat ro tinh dong dang, giao thoa va dae thii ciia tirng mon hgc.
Nhu vay, ehi eo trgn co so nim viing tinli dac thu cua mon hgc, bai giang, nguoi giang vien inoi co sir phan biet giiia ngi dung eiia cac mon, cae bai giang va yiee su dung phucmg phap nao phii hgp, vai tiing van de trong qua trinh tmygn thu kien thiic eho nguai hge.
Hai Id, qud trinh gidng dgy cdc mdn LLCT, gidng vien phdi thuc su ndm virng chuyen sdu ve kien thiec cua hd mdn minh ddm nhiem vd kiin thirc cua cdc mdn hgc cd lien quan
Thuc tien eong tae giang day cho thay, viec nam viing kign thiic chuyen mon eua ngucri giang vign co vai tro to Ion trong viec mang lai hieu qua eao eua eong tac giang day. Van de nam vimg kien thirc chuyen mon la nam vimg toan bp kien thiie ciia m6n hgc, bai giang minh dam nhiem. Chang han, giang ve mon Triet hgc, chiing ta phai nam vimg toan bg nhirng kien thiie cua mon hgc do, tir doi tugng nghien eiiu, nhiem vu, ehiic nang cua mon triet hgc dgn npi dung eua timg chii de trong mon triet hgc, Tir do mai co chieu rpng eiia kien thiie mon hoc va cai nhin toan dien vg mon trigt hgc va bai giang cu thg cua mon hoc. Dong thai, can phai co kien thiic chuygn sau vcri tirng bai giang. NghTa la, moi chii dg bai giang chiing ta phai eo dugc kign thiic ehuyen sau ve bai giang do. Kien thiic chuygn sau do dam bao cho chiing ta di luan giai dgn timg quan digm, luan digm, tirng khia eanh nho trong qua trinh tmygn thu kien thiie cho ngucri hgc.
Hon nua, can phai thiy duge sir giao thoa, quan he giiia ngi dung eiia eae mon LLCT va timg ehu dg trong moi mon hgc. Thyc tg eho thay, mfii mon hgc, bai giang, rgng ra la tit ca eae mon khoa hge xa hgi va nhan van, khoa hge tu nhien... deu eo su giao thoa, quan he giira cae nganh hge, mon hgc, bai hgc voi nhau. Voi timg mon LLCT Cling vay, chiing deu co nhung ngi dung giao thoa, quan he chat ehe vai cac mon hpe khae. Dae biet, la su quan he chat che vai cac mon li luan Mae - Lenin, tu toong H6 Chi Minh, Lich sii Dang Cgng san Viet Nam, Do do, doi hoi nguai giang vien trong qua ttinh giang day khong chi nim viing chuyen sau vg kign thirc cua bg mon minh dam nhiem ma con phai co kign thirc eiia cac mon khoa hgc co lien quan. Co nhu vay, mai luan giai thau dao nhimg npi dung cua mon hoc, bai giang dong thai chi ro duge cho nguoi hge thiy dugc tinh ehit ehung, dac thii, su quan he, sy rang huge kign thiie giiia eae mon LLCT hien nay.
Ba Id, qud trinh pang day edc mdn LLCT gidng viin phai coju hieu biet vd nam bdt kip thai cdc thong tin tie thuc lien doi sdng xd hdi, ndm virng cdc quan diim ludn diem sai trdi, khdng diing. hogc chua co ^ti ihdng nhdt cua edc mdn LLCT hien nay
Day khong ehi la mpt nguyen tie bit bicn trong cone
0 6 Thi i^Jga
tae GD, dao tao eiia Dang: "Hgc di doi vai hanh, li luan gin vcri thue tign" ma eon la su doi hoi tir tinh ehat, yeu cau bat bupe doi vai nguai giang vign di truyen thu kien thuc vg cac mon LLCT. Bai, chi co nhu vay bai giang, mon hge nguoi giang vign dam nhiem mcri eo tinh thuyet phuc cao, thuc su mod gan ket van de li luan thuan tiiy vod thyc tien phong phii, sinh dgng. Ciing nhu vay, tit cae luan diem, quan digm sai trai, kh6ng diing, chua co tinh thuyet phuc dem so sanh voi cac luan diem khoa hgc ma chiing ta giang cho nguoi hgc thi giiip cho hg eang thay ro tinh each mang, khoa hgc can phai ITiih hgi no mgt each tu nguyen, ty giac, chii khong phai la su go ep, bat buoe. Mat khac, to tinh chat eae mon LLCT la cac mon true tigp trang bi, b6i duong thg gioi quan, phuong phap luan, nang lye eua moi eon nguai... gan hen vai doi song tinh than xa hpi. Trong khi do, dai song xa hgi luon luon van dgng, bign doi timg ngay, do do trong giang day eae mon LLCT mgt yeu cau bat huge doi vai ea nguod day va nguoi hpc la phai eo su hieu bigt va nam bat kip thai eae thong tin tii thue tign doi s6ng xa hgi, nam vung cac quan digm, luan diem sai trai, khong dung hoae ehua CO su thong nhat trong cac mon LLCT hien nay.
Bdn Id, qud trinh gidng dgy cdc mon LLCT cdn ket hgp chdt ehe, su dung tdng hgp cdc phirang phdp theo huang phdt huy tinh tich cue, chii dgng tu hgc ciia mdi SV vol ddi mai ndi dung, hinh thiec cdc hoat dgng sau gidng vd ddm bdo day dU ca sa vdt chdt cho qud trinh ndy
Cac mon LLCT la nhting mon hgc dac thii, mang tinh trim tu'gng khai quat eao, lap tmong giai cap ro rang nen hong qua trinh giang day, tiiy theo timg ngi dung moi bai giang vign van dung, ket hgp linh boat cac phucmg phap giang day nhim phat huy tfnh tieh eye ehii dgng sang tao ciia SV. Bai vi, ngi dung va phuong phap giang day la hai mat eua mot qua trinh thong nhat khong taeh roi nhau, trong do ngi dung quy dinh phuong phap, hay noi each khac phuang phap giang day phai dugc xae dinh tnrac het tir ngi dung timg mon hgc va timg chii dg bai giang, Hien nay, cac phuang phap giang day cua phin dong eae nha su phara thucmg sir dung trong qua trinh giang day cac mon LLCT la thuygt trinh dgc thoai va thuyet trinh ngu vin de.
Thue tign eho thay, trong qua trinh giang day eae mon LLCT can phai co sy kgt hgp chat ehe ea hai phuang phap thi chat lugng giang day se dat hieu qua eao. Boi phuong phap thuyet trinh giang day theo logic trinh ty nhat dinh. Nguoi hgc ITnh hgi tri thiic, cae thong tin cua bai giang thong qua nghe va ghi ehep cac thong tm 6 trgn iop. Uu digra Clia phucmg phap nay la dam bao dugc tinh he thong trong chuygn tai eae kien thirc ciia bai giang cho SV. Nhugc digm cua phuang phap nay la dg lam cho nguai hgc thu dgng, khong phat huy dugc tinh tich cue, dgc lap sang tao trong qua trinh hpe tap. Vi vay, cin phai can cii vao ngi dung bai giang, d6i to'cmg nguoi hpc d6
ket hgp chat che ca hai phuang phap, nhim kich thich duge sy hung thu va to duy sang tao eiia nguoi hgc, lam cho nguoi hge khong thu dgng trong tigp thu cac kign thiic ciia bai giang va mon hpe. Kinh nghiem giang day to thyc tign cho thay: Ngu trong mgt bai giang, nguai giang vign co dan xen dua ra cac tmh hu6ng co vin dg thi se lam cho khong khi bu6i hpe tra nen sinh dgng hon, kha nang chii y eiia nguoi hgc cao hon va sau m6i bu6i giang luon tao ra dugc nhu eau tim kigm, chigm ITnh tri thirc Clia ngucri hgc. Tuy nhign, dg kgt hgp ehat che dugc ca hai phuang phap, doi hoi nguoi giang vign phai diu to nhigu hem ea ve ngi dung va phuong phap giang day. 0 e dam bao cho nguai hgc tigp nhan thong tin mpt each c6 hg thong, diing huong doi hoi tat yeu phai su dung t6ng hgp cae phuong phap vod he thong giao khoa, giao trinh va tai lieu nghign eiiu day du cho nguai hgc.
Dong thoi, ean co sy kieh thich tinh ty giac hge tap ciia nguoi hge. Cac bai tap, ehuyen de ho trg, eae chii dg thao luan, trao doi phai sat voi mon hgc, bai giang dam bao tinh ro rang, mach lac, ca vg tinh chigu rpng, chigu sau eiia kien thiic va kha nang nhan thiic eua timg doi togng hgc tap. Cae ngi dung on thi dam bao tinh toan dien cua timg mon hgc, nhung phai xae dinli dugc digm nhan nhiing kien thiic eo ban, ban chat nhat phii hgp voi trinh do nhan thiic cua nguoi hgc. Qua trinh danh gia chat lugng qua eae lan viet thu hoaeh, vigt tigu luan, kigm tra, thi het mon phai thyc sy khach quan, cong tam vi sy tien bp cua nguoi hgc...
Ngoai nhung van de tren, giang vien eon phai ehuan bi tot tam thg giang day, do la: Chuan hi vg ngi dung nao can di sau, ngi dung nao can dinh hucmg, trao doi trong gia giang, ngi dung nao ggi rao de hgc vien tim dge, nghien cuu trong tai lieu; Chuan bi va dinh hinh ro phuong phap nao la chu dao, co ban, dae thii ciia mon hge, bai giang va trong timg ngi dung ciia bai. Tu the tac phong phai thuc sy chung ehae, tool tan, dung dj, de gan vdi nguoi hge, tranh lugm thugm hoae qua cau ki, kigu each...
Ndm Id, tirng buac dp dung cong nghe thdng tin vd cdc phuong tien hien dgi vdo trong gidng dgy mot each Unh
hogt
Phuong phap day hpc quan he ehat che voi phuong tien va kl thuat day hpe. Day la nhijng yeu to gop phan nang cao chat lupng bai giang. Vi vay, de co phuong phap giang day tot thi phai sir dung thanh thao cac phuang tien day hgc hien dai, khai thae toi da tinh uu viet ciia eong nghe thong tin dg ho trg.
Trong day hpe hien dai, viee ap dung cong nghe thong tin va cae phucmg tien hien dai trong qua trinh giang day la xu hucmg pho bien ciia eae h-uang DH hien nay.
No lam thay doi each day va caeh hgc, giiip nguoi hpc tham gia hge tap mgt each ehit dgng, tich cyc va sang tao, tang euong tinh true quan, gop phan nang eao chat lugng ITnh hpi va nam viing kien thiic, phat trien nang lye to duy dgc lap, sang tao ciia nguoi hpe. Boi le, thong
So 28 thang 4/2020 29
NGHIEN CCU LI'LUAN
qua cong nghe thong tin, nguai day eo thg tmy cap mgt Iugng thong tin khong 16 vao ttong bai giang eiia minh, khong ngimg trau doi them lugng kign thiic giiip eho chat lupng giang day dugc nang cao. Mat khac, ap dung mgt each linh hoat eae phuong tien hien dai vao h6 ttg nhu: Trinh chigu Powerpoint, phim to heu, video, hinh anh minh hga,.. phii hgp voi ngi dung bai giang, gin voi thyc tiln, giiip SV de hieu, dg nho, nim bit duge nhiing thong tin thiet thue, kip thai, chinh xae, tigt kiem dugc thai gian, giam cucmg do Iao dgng, tao sy hiing thti, say mg ttong hge tap. U'ng dung linh hoat phuong tien day hgc hien dai va cong nghe thong tin, gop phin d6i mai phuong phap day hgc theo huong ehuyin to tmygn dat sang ttgng tam to chiic, digu khign. Nho do, kieh thich manh rae tinh tieh eye nhan thiic eiia SV, nang eao ehit lupng bai giang.
Nhu vay, viee ap dung cong nghe thong tin va cae phucmg tien day hgc hien dai vao trong giang day cae mon LLCT gop phan quan trpng vao viec lam giau thong tin, tu lieu eua bai giang, phat huy kha nang toong tae giiia giang vien vai SV va giiia eae SV vod nhau ttong
qua trinh day hge, d6ng thdi hudng SV den iu inh ty GD, ty chilm ITnh tri thiic v6n la myc tieu "• •= * 1 " ^ ttpng ttong nen GD hien dai.
3. Ket luan
Dg nang cao ehit lupng giang day cac mon LLCT dap ling yeu ciu, mue tieu, nhiem vu GD, dao tao la nhiem vu eo ban trude mit va lau dai eua cac tmdng DH hien nay, Chiing ta ein phai nhan thiie dimg thyc ttang eon ton dgng trong giang day eae mon LLCT, to do xae dinh dugc nhiing ygu eiu cin thiet nham nang eao chat lugng giang day cac mon LLCT d cac tmdng DH hien nay. Vdi nhiing ygu cau va bien phap dong bg, nhat la thudng xuyen phat huy ttach nhiem, y thire chu dgng, ht giac, tich cue cua dgi ngy can bg, giang vien LLCT. Chat lugng day hpc cac mon hgc nay se ngay cang dap iing tot hon yeu ciu nhiem vu GD, dao tao ma Nghi quyet Hgi nghi Tmng uong 8 khoa XI da dat ra, gop phan nang cao chit Iugng chinh tri cua dgi ngu tri thiic tte, nguon nhan lye ehat lugng cao trong thdi ki mdi.
TM li^u tham kh^o
[!] Tran Van Hieu, (2011), Thuc trang day vd hoc cdc mon Li ludn chinh Iri - Khdo sdt & Tru&ng Dai hoc Cdn Tha, Tne&ngDgi hoc Dong Thdp va Tru&ng Dai hoc An Giang, Tap chi Khoa hgc, Tnrcmg Dai hpc Can Tha, so 19a, tr.
79-80.
[2] Dai hoc Qu6c gia Thanh ph6 H6 Chi Minh, (2015), Ndng cao chdi lugng gidng day, hgc lap cdc mon Li lugn chinh trj trong cdc Uu&ng dgi hoc, cao ddng, Kl yeu hoi thao khoa hoc quoc gia.
Nguyen Thai Son, Vdi suy nghT vi viec gdn li ludn v&i ihuc tien trong gidng dgy chinh tri hiin nay, http //
truongch inbtrina, go v, vn/ArticleDetai 1, aspx?_Article_
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VQ Ngoc Am, (2011), Hiiu qud vd lieu chi ddnh gid hieu qud cong tdc gido due Li lugn chinh tri. Tap chi Tuyen giao, so 11.
V.I Lenin, (1978), Todn tap. Tap 18, NXB TiSn bo, Matxccrva,
SOME SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF POLITICAL THEORY TEACHING AT UNIVERSITIES TODAY
Do Thi Nga Nguyen Hue University Tam Phuoc, Bien Hoa city, Dong Nai province, Vietnam Email thaophLongnga@gmail ci
ABSTRACT: The world is currently entering the era of knowledge economy, which has been and will continue to create strong changes affecting all aspects of social life, including education, especially higher education. It requires universities to make changes to adapt to the demands of the time, as well as to improve the quality of teaching and learning to develop high quality human resources. In particular, the subjects of political theory play an especially important role in establishing the foundation of political theory for students, contributing to training the high quality human resources who are not only skillful and knowledgeable but also qualified in the political field step by step development of the scientific worldview and positive human outlook For this purpose, there is a need to improve the quality of teaching and learning of political theory subjects at universities. The article focuses on clarlfyinq some concepts, analyzing and evaluating the current status of the political theory teaching and learning, and proposing some basic solutions to improve the quality of teaching political theory subjects at universities in our country nowadays.
KEYWORDS: Political theory; teactiing quality; university.
30 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
